Dynamic pseudo-functions.

The models discussed so far are not applicable for reservoirs which do not reach
equilibrium conditions because of poor vertical communication, large vertical
flows, changes in flow rates, etc. Although even in the general case, in principle,
the reservoir can be described in 2-D, the exact determination of appropriate
pseudo-functions would require the complete 3-D solution. This is not a desirable
situation since solving the problem in 3-D is what we are trying to avoid through
the use of pseudo-functions. In such a situation the pseudo-functions for a given
block would vary with time and they would be different for each set of simulated
conditions. As an approximation to this, Jacks et al. (1973) have developed a
procedure for calculating these 'dynamic' pseudo-functions from 2-D crosssectional simulations. These functions are applicable over a wide range of flow
conditions and initial fluid saturations and may be space and time dependent. The
dynamic pseudo-functions are derived from detailed vertical cross-section
simulation studies of the reservoir under conditions to be expected during the areal
model simulations. The results of cross-section studies are processed to produce
depth averaged fluid saturations and pseudo-relative permeability values. Kyte and
Berry (1975) have improved the Jacks et al. (1973) procedure to allow the
calculation of dynamic pseudo-capillary pressure and to compensate for
differences between grid sizes used in the areal and cross-sectional models.