Production Engineering and Optimisation

Surface System Software - GAP

Production System

Reservoirs

Wells

MBAL

Prof Peter Behrenbruch

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 1
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

Facilities and Surface System

PROSPER

PVTP
P. Behrenbruch

GAP

GAP analyses elements

in terms of their deliverability/
transferring capacity.

Examples
of

Subsea Systems

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 2
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Jabiru Field Top of Reservoir

JABIRU-7ST
BHL

JABIRU-7
SL

JABIRU-4
JABIRU-10

JABIRU-3
BHL

JABIRU-6
BHL

JABIRU-8AST1

JABIRU-6
SL

JABIRU-2

JABIRU-1A
JABIRU-8A
SL

JABIRU-5A

JABIRU-11ST
BHL

JABIRU-11

SL

JABIRU-9ST3
BHL

JABIRU-9/ 9ST
SL

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 3
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

1 km

P. Behrenbruch

Jabiru Development Facility and Flowline Routing

JABIRU
VENTURE
(FPSO)

AC/L1
JABIRU FIELD
0

JABIRU - 7

JABIRU 7ST1

JABIRU - 3

1Km
JABIRU- 1A

JABIRU- 10
JABIRU- 4

JABIRU- 2
JABIRU- 5A

JABIRU- 6

JABIRU- 8AST1

JABIRU-11ST1

JABIRU-9ST3
Production Engineering
21 GAPp 4
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

FLOWLINES
SURFACE LOCATION
RESERVOIR PENETRATION
BOTTOM HOLE LOCATION
HYDROCARBON DISTRIBUTION

Challis Field: Subcrop Map

WELL H
WELL G
WELL E
H

1350

WELL F

C6.0

WELL A
WELL C
WELL M
(Recomplete C2.2)
WELL N

C5.0

C4.0

C3.2

CHALLIS-11
CHALLIS-9
CHALLIS-8

CHALLIS-7

CHALLIS-6

C3.0
L

H
L

WELL B

C2.2

C3.0
H

WELL D

CHALLIS-3

1350

0
L

C3.0

CHALLIS-1
CHALLIS-5

CHALLIS-10

APPRAISAL 3

CHALLIS-4

Subcrops of Sandstone Units

APPRAISAL 1
Production Engineering
21 GAPp 5
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

1 Km

CHALLIS-2A

0.5

P. Behrenbruch

Challis-Cassini Field: Flowline Layout

CHALLIS-11

FLOWLINES

CHALLIS-9
CHALLIS-8
CHALLIS-7
CHALLIS-6
CHALLIS-3
CHALLIS-1
CHALLIS-5

CHALLIS-2A
CHALLIS-10
CHALLIS VENTURE

CHALLIS-4

TIMOR SEA
AC/L3

CASSINI-1

CASSINI-2
Production Engineering
21 GAPp 6
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

Challis-Cassini Field

1Km

P. Behrenbruch

Griffin Area
Top Zeepaard Formation Depth Map
249,000

254,000

259,000

264,000

7,660,000

CHINOOK-2

CHINOOK-1

7,655,000

WA-213-P

GRIFFIN-7

SCINDIAN-1A
HILDA-1A
SCINDIAN-2
GRIFFIN-4

GRIFFIN-2

7,650,000

GRIFFIN-1

WA-10-L

GRIFFIN-3

WA-12-L

RAMILLIES-1

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 7
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

7,645,000

P. Behrenbruch

2 km

Griffin Area
Top Birdrong Formation Depth Map
249,000

254,000

259,000

264,000

7,660,000

CHINOOK-2

CHINOOK-1

7,655,000

WA-213-P

GRIFFIN-7

SCINDIAN-1A
HILDA-1A
SCINDIAN-2/ST-1(H)
GRIFFIN-5(H)
GRIFFIN-4

GRIFFIN-2

GRIFFIN-6/ST-1(H)

7,650,000

GRIFFIN-1

WA-10-L

GRIFFIN-3

WA-12-L

RAMILLIES-1

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 8
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

7,645,000

P. Behrenbruch

2 km

Griffin Project - Actual Subsea Layout

CH-1
OFFTAKE
TANKER

GR-5

FPSO
GR-E
GR-A

GR-T

DISTRIBUTION
SKID

MID-DEPTH BUOY

SC-C

SC-1A
GR-2
GR-D

ANCHOR

GR-1

GR-3

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 9
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

GAS EXPORT LINE

P. Behrenbruch

Typhoon Field, Gulf of Mexico

B4 / B4.5 Structure Map

East-of-Graben
237-1

237-2

236 Area
237-3
OH

236-2
236-1

ST2
ST1

236-2 ST

Graben

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 10
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Typhoon Field Layout

Gas Export Pipeline
(by ANR)

TLP

Oil Export Pipeline

(by El Paso)

Cameron Horizontal Trees

DH Control
Down Hole Nova Gauges
Coated 4.5 Tubulars
Down Hole Chemical Injection

Subsea Tree
Well GC237-2
Subsea Tree
Well GC237-1

Smart Wells

Subsea Tree
Well GC237-3

Smart Well
5 Coflexip Flowlines
Subsea Tree
Well GC236-2
Production Engineering
21 GAPp 11
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

Typical, each well (1) Flowline

(1) Umbilical
P. Behrenbruch

Manifold

Separator

Pipeline

GAP Models
Manifold

Well

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 12
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

Well

P. Behrenbruch

and Software

Gulf of Mexico, Integrated Production Model

Surf Sep#1
Surf Flw Ln
Surf M-f old
SS Shlf Ris

SS Shlf RisB
N10A N9A

N8A

N7A

N6A

N5A
N4A

Surf Sep#3
WR3

WR4

EPSE

W6
MW 5-9
W7

WR2
JB W2 Heater Heat Jt

W8
MWB 1
Production Engineering
21 GAPp 13
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

N2A
N1A

W5
FPF #2

N3A

MWB 2

Pup

W9
W10

P. Behrenbruch

WR1

MiniTLP#2

JB W

GAP Achievable Tasks

Completion Surface Production / Injection Network Modelling
Optimisation
- Naturally flowing oil wells
- Gas-lift wells
- ESP operated wells
- Condensate or gas producers
- Water producers
- Water or gas injectors
GAP Optimiser controls production rates using wellhead chokes,
ESP operating frequencies or allocation of lift gas to maximise
hydrocarbon production while honouring constraints on the
gathering system, wells and reservoirs.

Allocation of Production

Predictions (Production Forecast)

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 14
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

GAP Philosophy
Input system model data
Validate model by matching
Close the Loop before proceeding

A Snapshot of field performance

at a certain time
Use model for prediction

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 15
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

GAP Technique
Calculation and optimisation based on nodes: connections points

Separator is the end node in GAP with fixed terminal pressure

Two levels of calculation:
- Level 1: Solving the network
- Level 2: Optimising the network response

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 16
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Optimiser
Optimising maximum oil/ gas production or gross revenue
by altering certain conditions, such as:
-

back pressure of wells by applying wellhead chokes

gas-lift gas allocated to individual gas-lift wells
frequency of operation of ESP fitted wells
frequency of operation of pumps/ compressors
inline choke sizes

while honoring constraints (min water production, max pressure

constraint, velocity constraints, etc.).

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 17
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

GAP Methodology
Generate to find well responses
by running PROSPER

Build to find system response

by combining well responses to form a single,
composite response at nodes

Composite response by combining nodes

Flow streams combined optimally
Allocate gas and calculate pressure and rates

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 18
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Setting Up of GAP
Define system elements
- wells, joints, chokes, pipelines, pumps, compressors,

Graphically connect components

- starting point must be a tank (reservoir)
- end point must be a separator

Enter system data

- pipeline geometry, environment variables, compressor
properties,

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 19
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Calculation of Actual Production

Validation of IPR/ VLP generation and fitting process
Enter test flowing pressures to check that the well
model predicts measured rates
To match field production rates, test pressures must all
be compatible

Model errors now confined to pipeline pressure drops

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 20
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Pipelines
Uses standard correlations as in PROSPER
Pipeline pressure losses matched to measured
pressures and rates

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 21
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Pipeline Matching
As for PROSPER gravity and friction are separated
Where no elevation change, Parameter 1 = 1.0

Data must often be inferred, e.g. rates by subtraction

This step is vital to obtain a good match on actual production

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 22
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch

Constraints
Not needed in actual phase
Do not over-constrain
- ensure that constraints do not conflict
- use constraints sparingly
For every constraint, GAP must have the
means to meet it

Production Engineering
21 GAPp 23
HCMUT 13-18 April 2015

P. Behrenbruch