JOURNAL ARTICLE REVIEW TEMPLATE

North American University

Education Department
M.Ed. in Educational Leadership
EDUC 5321: TECHNOLOGY FOR SCHOOL PRINCIPALS
Name:_Syed Hasan___________Date: 09/05/2015___________________________
Cite the reviewed article in APA format:
Chang, I-Hua. (2012). The effect of principals' technological leadership on teachers' technological
literacy and teaching effectiveness in Taiwanese elementary. Journal of Educational Technology
& Society, 15(2), 328-340.

INTRODUCTION
Research Questions (if research questions are not specifically mentioned, what is
the theoretical background or overarching theme):

In this era of digital technology, technological leadership is gaining importance. Thus, in

pursuit of the ultimate goal of improving students abilities, principals aiming to facilitate
school reform should have technological leadership abilities. (Chang, 2012, P. 328)
Is there a significant correlation between teachers technological literacy and teaching
effectiveness?
Does a principals technological leadership affect teaching effectiveness?
Purpose of the research:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among technological

leadership of principals and the technological literacy and teaching effectiveness of
elementary school teachers. The study also explores the notion that principals
technological leadership, as mediated by teachers technological literacy, can affect
teaching effectiveness. (Chang, 2012, P. 329).

METHODOLOGY
What is the methodology for the research or approach used to understand the
issue? Provide information regarding the following:

Participants: 1000 teachers from 100 elementary schools. The respondents in

this study were teachers (i.e., tenured teachers, mentor teachers, teachers serving as
administrators and directors) reporting to their principals (Chang, 2012, P. 332)

Procedures: The Director of Academic Affairs Division for each elementary would
randomly be sent a survey. After the Director of Academic Affairs Division receive the
survey, based on the cover letter that were sent to them they would just choose random
teachers to complete the survey.
Data Collection Methods/Data Source: The survey asked teachers to evaluate the
principals role in leading and facilitating technology use, teachers technological literacy
and teaching effectiveness in their schools. The respondents in this study were teachers
(i.e., tenured teachers, mentor teachers, teachers serving as administrators and directors)
reporting to their principals. In order to get survey responses back from the teachers,
thank you post cards and personal contacts were being sent to them. 65 percent of
Surveys were returned. (Chang. 2012. P. 332).
Data Analysis: SPSS was used to calculate scale reliabilities (the Cronbachs alpha)
and to perform factor analyses. The final SEM model was done with LISREL. (Chang,

2012, P. 334).

RESULTS
Findings or Results (or main points of the article)Would like to see the numbers:

These findings confirmed previous research that principals technological leadership

improves teachers technological literacy development and directly influenced teachers
integration of technology into their teaching practices. Furthermore, teachers
technological literacy (LITERACY) directly affected teaching effectiveness
(EFFECTIVE) (.65) (Chang, 2012, P. 335)
DISCUSSIONS
Conclusions/Implications (for your profession):

Principals as technological leaders must develop and implement vision and technology
plans for their schools, encourage the technological development and training of teachers,
provide sufficient technological infrastructure support, and develop an effective schoolevaluation plan. Principals who can embrace their ever- 337 changing roles and become
technological leaders are those who can effectively lead and prepare their schools for the
decades to come. (Chang, 2012, P. 336-337)
A schools internal administration is no longer a closed-circuit system but rather a
dynamic educational ecology.The role of the principal has also changed from solely a
school administrator to the current, multi-faceted role of curricular and technological
leader. Therefore, the most important task of a principal is to figure out how to become an
appropriate technological leader. A principal can then guide teachers to improve their
technological literacy (or technology-implementation abilities) and to improve teaching
effectiveness and students academic achievements through educational reforms. This
study acts as a reference for school leaders regarding administrative management.
(Chang, 2012, P.337)

REFLECTIONS

Students Reflections (changes to your understanding; implications for your

school/work): After reading the article did your thoughts change?
I am satisfied with the results. I feel that principals should definitely try to implement technology in the
classroom and become technological leaders. At my school, our principal is always implementing
technology. In every classroom, we have a cart of chrome books for every student to use. By having a class
set of chrome books in every room, teachers are able to create a lesson plan that involves the
internet/technology. For example, last year I was teaching Communication Applications. Since we had
chrome books in the classroom, I was able to instruct the students to create PowerPoints, graphs, posters
and fliers for their presentations throughout the semester.
My thoughts regarding technology have remained the same after reading the article. Growing up in the
technology era, I feel it is very important that we continue improving and implementing technology.

Reference:
Chang, I-Hua. (2012). The effect of principals' technological leadership on teachers' technological
literacy and teaching effectiveness in Taiwanese elementary. Journal of Educational Technology
& Society, 15(2), 328-340.