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POWER ELECTRICS
ELECTRICS
INVERTERS
(DC-AC CONVERTERS)
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
1. SINGLE-PHASE INVERTER
2. THREE-PHASE INVERTER
SINGLE-PHASE INVERTER
T1
Half-Bridge
D1
Vs/2
Load
T2
D2
Vs/2
T1
T3
D1
Vs/2
D3
Full-Bridge
T4
Vs/2
Load
D4
T2
D2
T1
Half-Bridge
Rules of Triggering
i) KVL
ii) KCL
D1
i0
Vs/2
Load
v0
Vs/2
D2
T2
Resistive Load
Vs
2
V 1 = 0 . 45 V s
v0
Vs/2
i0
Vs/(2R)
V 0 rms =
T/2
-Vs/2
2V s
v0 =
sin( n t ) Point of symmetry: A =0
n
n
1, 3 , 5
Vs/2
Imax
Imin
-Vs/2
T1
i0
T1ON
T/4
D1
i0
Vs/2
D2ON
T/2
3T/4
T
D1ON
T2ON
Vs/2
Load
v0
T2
D2
T2OFF
T1OFF
Vs
dio
=L
dt
2
Vs
di
=L o
dt
2
i0
Quadrant 2
[T/4, T/2]
Quadrant 1
[0, T/4]
v0
I max
V
= s
8 fL
I min
Vs
=
8 fL
Quadrant 3
[T/2, 3T/4]
Quadrant 4
[3T/4, T]
Definitions:
Vn rms of the n th harmonic
=
HF =
V1 rms of the fundamenta l
2
n
THD =
V1
DF =
3, 5 , 7
Vn
2
3, 5 , 7 n
V1
Measure of effectiveness of
reducing unwanted harmonics
using a second order attenuation
factor 1/n2(second-order filter).
DC-AC Conversion: Inverters
T1
Full-Bridge
D1
v0
D3
Load
i0
D2
T3
Vs
T4
D4
T2
T/2
3T/4
V0 rms = Vs
I max =
v0
Vs
Imax
Vs
4 fL
Imin
-Vs
i0
T1T2
T/4
D3D4
T/2
T3T4
3T/4
D1D2
T1
T2
T3
T4
D1
D2
D3
D4
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
V0
Vs
-Vs
-Vs
Vs
i0should
reach zero
Dr. Adel Gastli
v0
Vs
Imax
i0
T/3
T/6
Imin
T 1T 2
T1D3
T/2
D 3D 4
2T/3
T3T4
T 3D 1
5T/6
D1D2
-Vs
Note that during the periods [T/6 T/3] and [2T/3 5T/6] the
inductance current freewheels into the transistors and
diodes. Since there are no sufficient resistances to
discharge, in a short time, the magnetic energy stored in
the inductance, then the inductor current remains
constant.
Dr. Adel Gastli
THREE-PHASE INVERTER
Three-phase Bridge Inverter
180o Conduction
120o Conduction
10
Vs
3
2V
vbn = s
3
V
vcn = s
3
van =
2Vs
3
V
vbn = s
3
Vs
vcn =
3
van =
11
Vs
3
V
vbn = s
3
2V
vcn = s
3
van =
2 3
modes
12
4Vs
n
n
t
cos
sin
+
6
6
n =1, 3, 5,K n
4Vs
n
vbc =
cos
sin n t
6
2
n =1, 3, 5,K n
vab =
i.e. Vs = 100V
VLm1 = 110.2V
4Vs
n
7
vca =
cos
sin n t
6
6
n =1, 3, 5,K n
vab=vbc=vca=0
13
2
vL =
2
2 / 3
0 V d (t )
1/ 2
2
s
2
=
Vs = 0.8165Vs
3
14
4Vs
4Vs
n
cos
vLn =
cos = 0.7797Vs
vL1 =
6
6
2n
2
Phase rms voltage
2Vs
vL
vp =
=
= 0.4714Vs
3
3
Dr. Adel Gastli
/ 3 2 / 3
15
Vs
2
V
vbn = s
2
vcn = 0
van =
Vs
2
vbn = 0
van =
vcn =
Vs
2
van = 0
Vs
2
V
vcn = s
2
vbn =
16
2Vs
n
cos
sin
n
t
6
6
n
n =1, 3, 5,K
2Vs
n
cos
sin n t
vbn =
6
2
n =1, 3, 5,K n
van =
vcn =
2Vs
7
n
cos
sin
n
t
6
6
n
n =1, 3, 5,K
vab =
2 3Vs
n
cos
sin n t +
6
3
n =1, 3, 5,K n
vbc =
2 3Vs
n
cos
sin
n
6
3
n =1, 3, 5,K
vline = 3v ph
2 3Vs
n
vca =
cos
sin n(t )
n
6
n =1, 3, 5,K
i.e. Vs = 100V
V phm1 = 55.1V
17
Number of
pulses per
half-cycle
1/ 2
m
Vo = Vs
m =1
p
vo (t ) =
Dr. Adel Gastli
n =1, 3, 5
sin nt
DC-AC Conversion: Inverters
18
+
+ m + m
1 m m
= Vs cos(nt )d (t ) Vs cos(nt )d (t )
m
+ m
n
2Vs
Bn = bn ( m )
m =1
n
2Vs
m =1 n
p
19