MODULE 2

LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

POLICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION
WITH POLICE PLANNING
I.

MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION CONCEPTS

ORGANIZATION
a group of persons working together for a common goal
or objectives
a form of human association for the attainment of a
goal or objective
the process of identifying and grouping the work to be
performed, defining and delegating responsibility and
authority, establishing relationships for the purpose
of enabling people work effectively
POLICE ORGANIZATION
- a group of trained personnel in the field of public
safety administration engaged in the achievement of
goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of
peace and order, protection of life and property,
enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes
LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
- pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing
the laws
ENFORCEMENT
means to
command

compel

obedience

to

law,

regulation

or

OBJECTIVES
refer to the purpose by which the organization was
created
refer to the goals of the organizations
PNP MISSION
To enforce the law, to prevent and control crimes, to
maintain peace and order, and to ensure public safety and
internal security with the active support of the community
ADMINISTRATION
an
organizational
process
concerned
with
the
implementation of objectives and plans and internal
operating efficiency
connotes
bureaucratic
structure
and
behavior,
relatively routine decision-making and maintenance of
the internal order
POLICE
a branch of the criminal justice system that has the
specific responsibility of maintaining law and order
and combating crime within the society
Page 1 of 40

POLICE/LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION

- the process involved in ensuring strict compliance,
proper obedience of laws and related statutes
- focuses on the policing process or how law enforcement
agencies are organized and managed in order to achieve
the goals of law enforcement most effectively,
efficiently and productively
SUPERVISION
means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the
members of the organization to ensure that desired
results are achieved
MANAGEMENT
the process of directing and facilitating the work of
people organized in formal groups in order to achieve
objectives
judicious or wise use of resources (manpower, material,
money, equipment, supplies, time etc)
AUTHORITY
- the right to command and control the behavior of
employees in lower positions within an organizational
hierarchy
- must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than
of individuals
- a particular position within an organization carries
the same regardless of who occupies that position
HIERARCHY
- represents the formal relationship among superiors and
subordinates in any given organization
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority
downward, and obedience upward, through the department
MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
1)
-

2)
-

PLANNING
the determination in advance of how the objectives of
the organization will be attained
the process of setting performance objectives and
identifying the actions needed to accomplish them
working out in broad outline the things that need to be
done and the methods for doing them to accomplish the
purpose set for the enterprise
ORGANIZING
involves the determination and allocation of the men
and women as well as the resource of an organization to
achieve pre-determined goals or objectives of the
organization
the process of dividing the work to be done and
coordinating results to achieve a desired purpose
establishment of the formal structure of authority
through which work subdivisions are arranged, defined
and coordinated for the desired objectives

Page 2 of 40

3)

DIRECTING
- involves the overseeing and supervising of the human
resources and the various activities in an organization
to achieve through cooperative efforts the predetermined goals or objectives of the organization
- also called leading, the process of directing and
coordinating the work efforts of other people to help
them accomplish important task
- task of making decisions and embodying them in specific
and general orders and instructions

4)
-

CONTROLLING
involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of
work performance and comparing it with planned goals or
objectives of the organization, and making the
necessary
corrective
actions
so
that
work
is
accomplished as planned
the process of monitoring performance, comparing
results to objectives and taking corrective action as
necessary
also called supervising

5)
-

STAFFING
the task of providing competent men to do the job and
choosing the right men for the right job
involves good selection and processing of reliable and
well-trained personnel
filling the organization with the right people in the
right position

6)
-

REPORTING
the making of detailed account of activities, work
progress, investigations and unusual in order to keep
every one informed or what is going on

7)
-

BUDGETING
the forecasting in detail of the results of an
officially recognized program of operations based on
the highest reasonable expectations of operating
efficiency

PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT

DIVISION OF WORK
work specialization can increase efficiency with the
same amount of effort
AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY
authority includes the right to command and the power
to require obedience
one cannot have authority without responsibility
DISCIPLINE
necessary for an organization to function effectively,
however, the state of the disciplinary process depends
upon the quality of its leaders
UNITY OF COMMAND
Page 3 of 40

subordinate should receive orders from one superior

only

SCALAR CHAIN
the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from
the highest to the lowest levels of the organization
shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which
defines an unbroken chain of units from top to bottom
describing explicitly the flow of authority
ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS IN THE POLICE ORGANIZATION
1)
FUNCTIONAL UNITS
a)
BUREAU
the largest organic functional unit within a
large
department;
comprises
of
several
divisions
b)
DIVISION
a primary subdivision of a bureau
c)
SECTION
functional unit within a division that is
necessary for specialization
d)
UNIT
functional group within a section or the smallest
functional group within an organization
2)

or

TERRITORIAL UNITS
a)
POST
a fixed point or location to which an officer is
assigned for duty, such as a designated desk
office or an intersection or cross walk from
traffic duty
b)
ROUTE
a length of streets designated for patrol
purposes; also called line beat
c)
BEAT
an area assigned for patrol purposes, whether
foot or motorized
d)
SECTOR
an area containing two or more beats, routes or
posts
e)
DISTRICT
a geographical subdivision of a city for patrol
purposes, usually with its own station
f)
AREA
a section or territorial division of a large city
each comprised of designated districts

FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1)
PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS
functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
the backbone of the police department
examples of the line functions of the police are
patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation

Page 4 of 40

2)
-

STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
functions that are designed to support the line
functions and assist in the performance of the line
functions
examples of the staff functions of the police are
planning, research, budgeting and legal advice

3)

AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the
organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance,
records management, supplies and equipment management

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1) OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice
control,
2) ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions
examples are personnel, finance, planning and training
3) SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples
are
communication,
records
supplies

management,

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
the systematic arrangement of the relationship of the
members, positions, departments and functions or work
of the organization
it
is
comprised
of
functions,
relationships,
responsibilities and authorities of individuals within
the organization
KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES
1) LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the highest
to the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher level of
authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments
2)
-

FUNCTIONAL
structure according to functions and specialized units
depicts staff functions of the organization
responsibilities are divided among authorities who are
all accountable to the authority above

3) LINE AND STAFF

- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line
structure with the staff departments that service,
advise, and support them
Page 5 of 40

- generally
more
departments

formal

in

nature

and

has

many

The Philippine National Police follows the line

and staff kind of organizational structure.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
an illustration in the form of a chart which represents
the organizational structure
the mechanical means of depicting, by an arrangement of
symbols,
the
relationships
that
exist
between
individuals,
groups
and
functional
relationships
between groups and individuals clearly defined to
ensure accountability and compliance
ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES
FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION
1)
AUTHORITY
the supreme source of government for any particular
organization
the right to exercise, to decide and to command by
virtue of rank and position
2)
-

MUTUAL COOPERATION
an organization exists because it serves a purpose

3)
-

DOCTRINE
provides for the organizations objectives
provides the various actions, hence, policies,
procedures, rules and regulations of the organization
are based on the statement of doctrines

4)
-

DISCIPLINE
comprising behavioral regulations

ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1)
UNITY OF COMMAND
dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding
the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of
orders
2)
-

SPAN OF CONTROL
the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can
effectively supervise
Factors affecting the span of control:
a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees

3)
-

DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
conferring of an amount of authority by a superior
position to a lower-level position

4)
-

HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
the relationship between superiors and subordinates
Page 6 of 40

5)
-

serves as the framework for the flow of authority

downward and obedience upward through the department
HIERARCHY
represents the formal relationship among superiors and
subordinates in any given organization
SPECIALIZATION
the assignment of particular personnel to particular
tasks
SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)
the designation of certain activities or tasks as ones
that must be performed in a highly technological,
scientific or precise manner
areas of police specialization include undercover
works, crime scene operations, legal advising, computer
work, SWAT operations and others
SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
the designation of particular persons as having
expertise in a specific area of work
signifies the adaptation of an individual to the
requirements through extensive training

6)
-

CHAIN OF COMMAND
the arrangement of officers from top to bottom on the
basis of rank or position and authority

7)
-

COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
dictates that immediate commanders shall be responsible
for the effective supervision and control of their
personnel and unit

II.

EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM

ORIGIN OF THE WORD POLICE

POLITEIA Greek word which means government of the city
POLITIA Roman word which means condition of the state or
government
POLICE French word which was later adopted by the English
language
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1)
HOME RULE THEORY
policemen are regarded as servants
of
the
community, who rely for the efficiency of their
functions upon the express needs of the people
policemen are civil servants whose key duty is the
preservation of public peace and security
2)

CONTINENTAL THEORY
Page 7 of 40

policemen are regarded as state or servants of the

higher authorities
the people have no share or have little participation
with the duties nor connection with the police
organization

CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

1)
OLD CONCEPT
police service gives the impression of being merely a
suppressive machinery
this philosophy advocates that the measurement of
police competence is the increasing number of arrests,
throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than
trying to prevent them from committing crimes
2)
-

MODERN CONCEPT
regards police as the first line of defense of the
criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number
of crimes
broadens police activities to cater to social services
and has for its mission the welfare of the individual
as well as that of the community in general

EARLY POLICING SYSTEM

1)
KIN POLICING
the family of the offended individual was expected to
assume responsibility for justice
the family of the victim was allowed to exact vengeance
2)
3)
-

4)
a)

EGYPT
ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whose
duties include guarding of the tombs and apprehending
thieves
introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors
ROME
created the first organized police force called VIGILES
OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of the city),
which had the primary task of firefighting and policing
the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehendinng
thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting
down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to
maintain order in the streets
the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and
looked for disturbances of the peace while they
patrolled the streets
created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a
special force of guards used by Roman Emperors as the
Emperors' personal guards
as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty
was to protect the Emperor from assassination and other
forms of attack against the Emperor
ENGLAND
FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
Page 8 of 40

b)
-

required all males aged 12 and above to join a group of

nine to form a TYTHING
members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings
the primary task of the things was to protect their
village from thieves and animals
tythings were later organized into SHIRES
a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE,
which is the origin of the word sheriff
their duty was to apprehend offenders
PARISH CONSTABLES
a parish official charged with controlling crimes
appointed to serve for one year
duties included organizing watchmen to guard the gates
during trouble, the watchman would raise a HUE AND
CRY, a call to arms where the rest of the parish would
stop what they were doing and come to the aid of the
constable

MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

1)
a)
b)
-

ENGLAND
BOWSTREET RUNNERS
a group of men organized to arrest offenders
organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in London, in
1749 in London, England
the name was adopted from the name of the street where
the office of Henry Fielding was located
when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was
replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
the law that created the first modern police force in
London England, called the Metropolitan Police Service
this law was passed through the initiative of Sir
Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament
the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service is
the Scotland Yard, now known as the New Scotland Yard
SIR ROBERT PEEL
- recognized as the father of modern policing system

2)
a)
-

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
created in 1845 in New York, USA
recognized as the first modern style police department
in the US
the largest police force in the world
modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London

b)
-

BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT

the oldest police department in the US
the first night watch was established in Boston in 1631
formally founded in May, 1854

AUGUST VOLLMER
Page 9 of 40

recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforcement for

his contributions in the development of the field of
criminal justice in the US
author of the book, Police Administration, which served
as the basic guide in the administration of the police
organization in the US
was the first police chief of Berkeley, California

III. BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

The institution of police in the Philippines formally
started during the Spanish period. The establishment of the
police force was not entirely intended for crime prevention
nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an extension of
the colonial military establishment.
Ancient Roots
The forerunner of the contemporary police system was
the practice of barangay chieftains to select able-bodied
young men to protect their barangay during the night and
were not required to work in the fields during daytime.
Among the duties of those selected were to protect the
properties of the people in the barangay and protect their
crops and livestock from wild animals.
Spanish Period
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica organized in 1712 for the
purpose of carrying the regulations of the Department of
State; this was armed and considered as the mounted police;
years after, this kind of police organization discharged the
duties of a port, harbor and river police
Guardrilleros/Cuardillo this was a body of rural police
organized in each town and established by the Royal Decree
of 18 January 1836; this decree provided that 5% of the
able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be
enlisted in this police organization for three years
Guardia Civil this was created by a Royal Decree issued by
the Crown on 12 February 1852 to partially relieve the
Spanish Peninsular troops of their work in policing towns;
it consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized
originally in each of the provincial capitals of the central
provinces of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor
American Period
The Americans established the United States Philippine
Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first
governor-general.
On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan
Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70
of the Taft Commission. This has become the basis for the
celebration of the anniversary of the Manilas Finest every
January 9th.
Page 10 of 40

ACT NO 175 entitled An Act Providing for the Organization

and Government of an Insular Constabulary, enacted on July
18, 1901
CAPT HENRY ALLEN
the first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in
1901
ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted
on July 31, 1901
CAPT GEORGE CURRY,
the first chief of
Department in 1901

police

of

the

Manila

Police

Act No 255 the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary

into Philippine Constabulary, enacted on October 3, 1901
Executive
Order
389

ordered
that
the
Philippine
Constabulary be one of the four services of the Armed Forces
of the Philippines, enacted on December 23, 1940
Post-American Period
RA 4864 otherwise known as the Police Professionalization
Act of 1966, enacted on September 8, 1966; created the
Police Commission (POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to
oversee the training and professionalization of the local
police forces under the Office of the President; later
POLCOM
was
renamed
into
National
Police
Commission
(NAPOLCOM)
Martial Law Period
PD 765 otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975,
enacted on August 8, 1975; established the Integrated
National
Police
(INP)
composed
of
the
Philippine
Constabulary (PC) as the nucleus and the integrated local
police forces as components, under the Ministry of National
Defense
transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the
President to the Ministry of National Defense
Post Martial Law Regime
Executive Order No 1012 transferred to the city and
municipal
government
the
operational
supervision
and
direction over all INP units assigned within their locality;
issued on July 10, 1985
Executive Order No 1040 transferred the administrative
control and supervision of the INP from the Ministry of
National Defense to the National Police Commission
RA 6975 otherwise known as the Department of the Interior
and Local Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13,
1990; reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine
National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
Page 11 of 40

Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety

College
RA 8551 otherwise known as the Philippine National Police
Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February
25, 1998; this law amended certain provisions of RA 6975
RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551
on the minimum educational qualification for appointment to
the PNP and adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12
August 2009
AN ACT EXTENDING FOR FIVE (5) YEARS THE REGLEMENTARY PERIOD
FOR COMPLYING WITH THE MINIMUM EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION FOR
APPOINTMENT TO THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE (PNP) AND
ADJUSTING THE PROMOTION SYSTEM THEREOF, AMENDING FOR THE
PURPOSE PERTINENT PROVISIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6975 AND
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8551 AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
IMPORTANT FILIPINO
PHILIPPINE POLICING

PERSONALITIES

BRIG GEN RAFAEL CRAME

the
first
Filipino
Constabulary in 1917

chief

IN

THE

of

EVOLUTION

the

OF

Philippine

COL ANTONIO TORRES

the first Filipino chief of police of the Manila
Police Department in 1935
COL LAMBERTO JAVALERA
the first chief of police of the Manila Police
Department after the Philippine Independence from
the United States of America in 1946
P/DIR GEN CESAR NAZARENO
the first chief of the Philippine National Police
IV. HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT OF 1990, RA 8551 THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 1998 and RA
9708
A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
(DILG)
formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
reorganized under RA 6975
ORGANIZATION:
consist of:
a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
1) provincial governors
2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
Page 12 of 40

f) Philippine National Police

g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
-

the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA

6975
headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the
President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
President
the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
a) Undersecretary for Local Government
b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
No retired or resigned military officer or police
official may be appointed as Secretary within one
(1) year from date of retirement or resignation
the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the
National Police Commission
refer to the organizational chart of DILG

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG

1) Assist
the President in the exercise of general
supervision over local governments;
2) Advise the President in the promulgation of policies,
rules, regulations and other issuances on the general
supervision over local governments and on public order
and safety;
3) Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other
issuances implementing laws on public order and safety,
the general supervision over local governments and the
promotion of local autonomy and community empowerment
and monitor compliance thereof;
4) Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local
governments, law enforcement and public safety;
Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and
projects to promote peace and order, ensure public
safety and further strengthen the administrative,
technical and fiscal capabilities of local government
offices and personnel;
5) Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet
local emergencies arising from natural and man-made
disasters;
Establish a system of coordination and cooperation
among
the
citizenry,
local
executives
and
the
Department, to ensure effective and efficient delivery
of basic services to the public;
6) Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance
of police functions, a police force that is national in
scope and civilian in character.
7)

RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL

DEFENSE (DND)
under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP) was in charge with external security while the
DILG was in charge with internal security
under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
is now in charge with both internal and external
security with the PNP as support through information
Page 13 of 40

gathering
functions
B.

and

performance

of

ordinary

police

NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION

an
agency
attached
to
the
DILG
for
policy
coordination
shall
exercise
administrative
control
and
operational supervision over the PNP

VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM

"We envision the National Police Commission as a
highly dynamic, committed and responsive administering and
controlling body, actively and effectively facilitating the
evolvement
of
a
highly
professional,
competent,
disciplined, credible and trustworthy PNP"
MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"To administer and control the Philippine National
Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly
professional,
competent,
disciplined,
credible
and
trustworthy PNP
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM
A.
Exercise
administrative
control
and
operational
supervision over the Philippine National Police (PNP) which
shall mean the power to:
1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual
prescribing
rules
and
regulations
for
efficient
organization,
administration, and
operation,
including
criteria
for
manpower
allocation
distribution and
deployment,
recruitment,
selection,
promotion,
and
retirement of personnel and the conduct of qualifying
entrance and promotional examinations for uniformed members;
2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish standards for
such purposes on a continuing basis, the performance,
activities, and facilities of all police agencies throughout
the country;
3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
4.
Conduct
annual
self-report
surveys
and
compile
statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency and
effectiveness of all police units in the country;
5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education and
training, logistical requirements, communications, records,
information systems, crime laboratory, crime prevention and
crime reporting;
6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National Appellate
Board, personnel administrative actions involving the
demotion or dismissal from the service imposed upon members
of the Philippine National Police by the Chief of the
Philippine National Police;
7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional
Appellate
Boards,
over
administrative
cases
against
policemen and over decisions on claims for police benefits;
8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment, and
uniforms and, after consultation with the Philippine
Heraldry Commission, for insignia of ranks, awards, medals
of honor;
Page 14 of 40

9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in matters

pertaining to the discharge of its own powers and duties,
and designate who among its personnel can issue processes
and administer oaths in connection therewith;
10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on the
established criteria for manpower allocation, distribution
and deployment and their impact on the community and the
crime situation, and thereafter formulate appropriate
guidelines for maximization of resources and effective
utilization of the PNP personnel;
11. Monitor the performance of the local chief executives as
deputies of the Commission; and
12.
Monitor
and
investigate
police
anomalies
and
irregularities.
B. Advise the President on all matters involving police
functions and administration;
C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual report
of its activities and accomplishments during the thirty
(30)days after the end of the calendar year, which shall
include an appraisal of the conditions obtaining in the
organization and administration of police agencies in the
municipalities, cities and provinces throughout the country,
and recommendations for appropriate remedial legislations;
D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary, within
sixty (60) days before the commencement of each calendar
year, a crime prevention program; and
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out the
provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other existing laws
and Presidential issuances, and as the President may direct.
COMPOSITION:
consist
of
a
Chairperson,
four
(4)
regular
Commissioners
and the Chief of PNP as ex officio
member
shall serve a term of office of six (6) years
without reappointment or extension
three of the four regular commissioners shall come
from civilian sector and not former members of the
police or military
the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the
law enforcement sector either active or retired
at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
shall be a woman
from among the three regular commissioners from the
civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be
chosen
the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive
Officer of the Commission
refer to the organizational structure of the
NAPOLCOM
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REGULAR COMMISSIONERS
citizens of the Philippines
lawyers with at least five (5) years experience in
handling criminal or human rights cases; or
holders
of
a
masters
degree
in
public
administration, sociology, criminology, criminal
Page 15 of 40

justice,
law
disciplines

enforcement

and

other

related

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
composed of:
a) Commission Proper
b) Staff Services
1) Planning and Research
2) Legal Affairs
3) Crime Prevention and Coordination
4) Personnel and Administrative Service
5) Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation
6) Installations and Logistics
7) Financial Service
c) Disciplinary Appellate Boards
1) National Appellate Board
shall decide cases on appeal from
decisions rendered by the Chief, PNP

the

2) Regional Appellate Board

shall decide cases on appeal from decisions
rendered by the mayor, PLEB, and PNP officers
other than the Chief, PNP
C.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE

organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551
a law enforcement agency under the operational
control of the Department of the Interior and Local
Government and administrative supervision of the
National Police Commission
it is an organization that is national in scope and
civilian in character, as provided by Section 6,
Article 16 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:
The state shall establish and maintain one police
force which shall be national in scope and civilian
in character
headed by the Chief, PNP, with the rank of Director
General, appointed by the President and
who shall
serve a term of office of four (4) years
-

NATIONAL IN SCOPE
means that the PNP is a nationwide government
organization whose jurisdiction covers the entire
breadth of the Philippine archipelago
all uniformed and non-uniformed personnel of the PNP
are national government employees
CIVILIAN IN CHARACTER
means that that the PNP is not
military,
although
it
retains
attributes such as discipline
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP
1) Enforce all laws and ordinances
protection of lives and properties;
Page 16 of 40

a part of the
some
military

relative

to

the

2) Maintain peace and order and take all necessary steps

to ensure public safety;
3) Investigate and prevent crimes, effect the arrest of
criminal offenders, bring offenders to justice and
assist in their prosecution;
4) Exercise the general powers to make arrest, search and
seizure in accordance with the Constitution and
pertinent laws;
5) Detain an arrested person for a period not beyond what
is prescribed by law, informing the person so detained
of all his rights under the Constitution;
6) Issue licenses for the possession of firearms and
explosives in accordance with law;
7) Supervise and control the training and operations of
security agencies and issue licenses to operate
security agencies and to security guards and private
detectives, for the purpose of their professions.
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A POLICE OFFICER
1) He shall be ready at all times to perform his duties
and obey the lawful orders of his superior officers or
higher authority;
2) He shall be responsible for the efficient performance
of his duties and adequate coverage of his beat or
post;
3) He shall cooperate and coordinate with the other
members of his relief, district or other division
segments so that their teamwork may ensure continuity
of purpose and maximum achievement of the objectives of
the department;
4) He shall be available for duty at all times in case of
special needs or emergencies;
5) He shall respond readily and report punctually to all
assignments;
6) He shall execute the service program within his area of
responsibility providing for prevention of crime,
protection of life and property, apprehension and
prosecution of offenders, preservation of peace and
enforcement of regulatory measures;
7) He shall familiarize himself with administrative ad
operational policies of the department;
8) He shall be in prescribed attire and have the required
equipment when reporting for duty;
9) He shall be attentive to instruction and record
information given during the briefing or roll-call
training and shall likewise record his activities
during his tour of duty;
10)
He shall supervise and inspect all public and
licensed places within his area of responsibility.
ORGANIZATION and COMPOSITION OF THE PNP
shall be headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by
two (2) deputy chiefs:
1) Deputy Chief for Administration
2) Deputy Chief for Operations
the Chief PNP and the two (2) deputy chiefs shall be
appointed by the President
Page 17 of 40

no officer who is retirable within six (6) months

shall be appointed Chief
the PNP shall be composed of a national office,
regional
offices,
provincial
offices,
district
offices, and city or municipal stations
refer to the organizational structure of the
Philippine National Police

CAMP RAFAEL CRAME

the national headquarters of the Philippine National
Police, located in Quezon City
houses the offices of the following:
a) Chief, PNP
b) two (2) deputy chiefs
c) Chief, Directorial Staff
d) ten (10) directorial staff
e) nine administrative units
f) ten operational units
POLICE REGIONAL OFFICES
the PNP is divided into seventeen (17) police
regional offices (PRO), each headed by a Regional
Director:
National Capital Region Police Office (NCRO)
PRO 1 to PRO 13
Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)
Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
PROVINCIAL POLICE OFFICES
for every region, there are provincial offices, each
headed by a Provincial Director
in
large
provinces,
police
districts
may
be
established to be headed by a District Director
at the city or municipal levels or stations, each is
headed by a Chief of Police
DISTRICT OFFICES
NCRPO is divided into five (5) districts, each
headed by a District Director:
Manila Police District (formerly Western Police
District)- Manila
Eastern
Police
District
(EPD)

San
Juan,
Mandaluyong, Pasig
Northern Police District (NPD) Caloocan, Malabon,
Valenzuela
Central Police District (CPD) Quezon City
Southern Police District (SPD) Pasay and Makati
PNP ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT UNITS
1)
CRIME LABORATORY
shall provide scientific and technical investigate aid
and support to the PNP and other government
investigative agencies
2)
-

LOGISTICS UNIT
headed by a Director
SUPERINTENDENT

with

Page 18 of 40

the

rank

of

CHIEF

shall be responsible for the procurement, distribution

and management of all the logistical requirements of
the PNP including firearms and ammunition

3)
-

COMMUNICATIONS UNIT
shall be responsible for establishing an effective
police communications network

4)
-

COMPUTER CENTER
shall be responsible for the design, implementation
and maintenance of a database system for the PNP

5)
-

FINANCE CENTER
shall be responsible for providing finance services to
the PNP

6)
-

CIVIL SECURITY UNIT

shall provide administrative services and general
supervision over the organization, business operation
and activities of all organized private detectives,
watchmen, security guard agencies and company guard
forces

OPERATIONAL SUPPORT UNITS

1)
MARITIME POLICE UNIT
shall perform all police functions over Philippine
territorial waters and rivers
2)
-

POLICE INTELLIGENCE UNIT

shall
serve
as
the
intelligence
counterintelligence operating unit of the PNP

3)
-

POLICE SECURITY UNIT

shall provide security for government officials,
visiting
dignitaries
and
private
individuals
authorized to be given protection

4)
-

and

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UNIT

Shall undertake the monitoring, investigation and
prosecution
of
all
crimes
involving
economic
sabotage, and other crimes of such magnitude and
extent as to indicate their commission by highly
placed or professional criminal syndicates and
organizations

5)
-

SPECIAL ACTION FORCE

shall function as a mobile strike force or reaction
unit to augment regional, provincial, municipal and
city police forces for civil disturbance control,
counterinsurgency, hostage-taking rescue operations
and other special operations

6)

NARCOTICS UNIT

Page 19 of 40

shall enforce all laws relative to the protection of

the citizenry against dangerous and other prohibited
drugs and substances

7)
-

AVIATION SECURITY UNIT

shall secure all the countrys airports against
offensive and terroristic acts that threaten civil
aviation, exercise operational control and supervision
over all agencies involved in airport security
operation, and enforce all laws and regulations
relative to air travel protection and safety

8)
-

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT UNIT

shall enforce traffic laws and regulations

9)
-

MEDICAL AND DENTAL CENTERS

shall be responsible for providing medical and dental
services for the PNP

10)
-

CIVIL RELATIONS UNIT

shall implement plans and programs that will promote
community
and
citizens
participation
in
the
maintenance of peace and order and public safety

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE CHIEF PNP

The command and direction of the PNP shall be vested in
the Chief, PNP who shall have the power to:
1) direct and control tactical as well as strategic
movements, deployment, placement, utilization of the
PNP or any of its units and personnel, including its
equipment, facilities and other resources;
2) issue detailed implementing policies and instructions
regarding
personnel,
funds,
properties,
records,
correspondence, and such other matters as may be
necessary;
3) dismiss police officers
MANNING LEVELS (POLICE-TO-POPULATION RATIO)
1:500 nationwide average
1:1000 minimum police-to-population ratio
RANK CLASSIFICATION AND ITS COUNTERPART IN THE MILITARY
DIRECTOR GENERAL
DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL
DIRECTOR
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF INSPECTOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR
INSPECTOR
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 4
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 3
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 2
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER 1

GENERAL
LIEUTENANT GENERAL
MAJOR GENERAL
BRIGADIER GENERAL
COLONEL
LIEUTENANT COLONEL
MAJOR
CAPTAIN
LIEUTENANT
MASTER SERGEANT
TECHNICAL SERGEANT
STAFF SERGEANT
SERGEANT
Page 20 of 40

POLICE OFFICER 3
POLICE OFFICER 2
POLICE OFFICER 1

CORPORAL
PRIVATE 1ST CLASS
PRIVATE

NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (NCO)

PO1 to SPO4
COMMISSIONED OFFICER RANKS (CO)
INSPECTOR TO DIRECTOR GENERAL
KEY POSITIONS and their CORRESPONDING RANKS IN THE PNP
CHIEF highest position in the PNP, with the rank of
DIRECTOR GENERAL
DEPUTY CHIEF FOR ADMINISTRATION the second-in command,
with the rank of DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL
DEPUTY CHIEF FOR OPERATIONS the third-in-command, with the
rank of DEPUTY DIRECTOR GENERAL
NCR DIRECTOR with the rank of DIRECTOR
REGIONAL DIRECTOR - with the rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR SUPERINTENDENT

with the rank of SENIOR

NCR DISTRICT DIRECTOR SUPERINTENDENT

with the rank of CHIEF

CHIEF OF POLICE with the rank of CHIEF INSPECTOR

STATUS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PNP
police officers are employees of the national
government and shall draw their salaries from the
national budget
they shall have the same salary grade level as that
of public school teachers police officers assigned
in Metro Manila, chartered cities and first class
municipalities may be paid financial incentives by
the local government unit concerned subject to
availability of funds
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 6975,
as amended by RA 8551 and RA 9708)
a) A citizen of the Philippines;
b) A person of good moral conduct;
c) Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug
and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by
any NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the
purpose of determining physical and mental health;
d) Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a
recognized institution of learning;
graduate of any four-year course
e) Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set
by the Commission;
Page 21 of 40

f)
g)
h)
i)
j)

Must have passed the board examination given by the

Profession Regulation Commission (PRC) or the
NAPOLCOM Police Entrance Examination
Must not have been dishonorably discharged from
military employment or dismissed for cause from any
civilian position in the Government;
Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an
offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters
(1.62 m) in height for male and one meter and fiftyseven (1.57 m) for female;
Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs)
from the standard weight corresponding to his or her
height, age and sex; and
For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one
(21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age
Pursuant to RA 9708, PNP members who are already
in the service upon the effectivity of Republic Act No.
8551 shall be given five (5) years to obtain the
minimum educational qualification preferably in law
enforcement related courses, to be reckoned from the
date of the effectivity of this amendatory Act:
Provided, furthermore, That for concerned PNP members
rendering more than fifteen (15) years of service and
who have exhibited exemplary performance as determined
by the Commission, shall no longer be required to
comply with the aforementioned minimum educational
requirement.

EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY

The National Police Commission shall administer the
entrance and promotional examinations for police officers on
the basis of the standards set by the Commission (as amended
by RA 8551).
POLICE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION taken by applicants of the PNP
POLICE PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATIONS taken by in-service police
officers as part of the mandatory requirements for promotion
POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER EXAMINATION
INSPECTOR EXAMINATION
SUPERINTENDENT EXAMINATION
Police officers, who are LICENSED CRIMINOLOGISTS, no
longer need to take the Police Promotional Examinations as
part of the requirements for promotion.
As PRC BOARD
PASSERS, they have already complied with the eligibility
requirement.

APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNEL

Page 22 of 40

PO1 TO SPO4 appointed by the Regional Director for

regional personnel or by the Chief, PNP for the national
headquarters
INSP TO SUPT appointed by the Chief, PNP
SR SUPT TO DEPUTY DIR GEN appointed by the President upon
recommendation of the Chief, PNP, subject to confirmation by
the Commission on Appointments
DIRECTOR GENERAL appointed by the President from among the
senior officers down to the rank of CSupt, subject to the
confirmation of the Commission on Appointments
KINDS OF APPOINTMENT
1) PERMANENT when an applicant possesses the upgraded
general qualifications for appointment in the PNP
2) TEMPORARY when the appointment of an applicant is
under the waiver program due to weight requirements
pending satisfaction of the requirement waived
LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS
admission to the PNP with the initial rank of
Inspector
or
Senior
Inspector
of
qualified
applicants belonging to certain professions
INSPECTOR RANK:
dentists, optometrists, nurses, engineers, graduates
of forensic sciences, graduates of the Philippine
National Police Academy and licensed criminologists
SENIOR INSPECTOR RANK:
chaplains, members of the bar and doctors of
medicine
WAIVERS FOR INITIAL APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (RA 8551)
The age, height, weight and educational requirements
for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when
the number of qualified applicants falls below the minimum
annual quota, provided:
1) That an applicant shall not be below twenty (20) nor
over thirty-five (35) years of age; and
2) That any applicant not meeting the weight requirement
shall be given reasonable time but not to exceed six
(6) months within which to comply with the said
requirement;
3) That the waiver for height requirement shall be
automatically granted to applicants belonging to the
cultural minorities
SELECTION CRITERIA UNDER THE WAIVER PROGRAM
1) Applicants who possess the least disqualification shall
take
precedence
over
those
who
possess
more
disqualification;
2) The requirement shall be waived in the following order:
age, height, weight and education.
PROMOTION
Page 23 of 40

the upgrading of ranks

position of leadership

and/or

advancement

to

KINDS OF PROMOTION
1. REGULAR promotion granted to police officers meeting
the mandatory requirements for promotion
2. SPECIAL promotion granted to police officers who has
exhibited acts of conspicuous courage and gallantry at
the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of
duty
CONSPICUOUS COURAGE
courage that is clearly distinguished above others
in the performance of ones duty
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION
1. Educational attainment
position

applicable in promotion in

2. Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:

Masteral Degree Chief Superintendent and above
Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) Supt to Sr
Supt
Officers Advance Course (OAC) Chief Insp
Officers Basic Course (OBC) Sr Insp
Officers Candidate Course (OCC) SPO4
Senior Leadership Course (SLC) SPO3 to SPO4
Junior Leadership Course (JLC) PO3 to SPO1
3. Time-in Grade the number of years required for a
police officer to hold a certain rank before he can be
promoted to the next higher rank
1 year from Sr Supt to Deputy Director General
3 years from Supt to Sr Supt
5 years Chief Insp to Supt
5 years Sr Insp to Chief Insp
3 years Insp to Sr Insp
3 years SPO4 to Insp
2 years SPO3 to SPO4
2 years SPO2 to SPO3
2 years SPO1 to SPO2
2 years PO3 to SPO1
1 year PO2 to PO3
5 years PO1 to PO2
4. Appropriate eligibility the required promotional
examinations
POLICE OFFICER PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
SENIOR POLICE OFFICER PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
POLICE INSPECTOR PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
POLICE SUPERINTENDENT PROMOTIONAL EXAMINATION
Exemptions:
Bar and PRC board examination passers (RA 1080)
LICENSED CRIMINOLOGISTS (RA 6506)
Honor Graduates (PD 907)
Page 24 of 40

Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less
than one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory
retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or
appointed to any other position.
Pursuant to RA 9708, In addition, the institution of
a criminal action or complaint against a police officer
shall not be a bar to promotion: Provided, however, That
upon finding of probable cause, notwithstanding any
challenge
that
may
be
raised
against
that
finding
thereafter, the concerned police officer shall be ineligible
for promotion: Provided, further, That if the case remains
unresolved after two (2) years from the aforementioned
determination of probable cause, he or she shall be
considered for promotion. In the event he or she is held
guilty of the crime by final judgment, said promotion shall
be recalled without prejudice to the imposition of the
appropriate penalties under applicable laws, rules and
regulations: Provided, furthermore, That if the complaint
filed against the police officer is for a crime including,
but not limited to, a violation of human rights, punishable
by reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, and the court
has determined that the evidence of guilt is strong, said
police officer shall be completely ineligible for promotion
during the pendency of the said criminal case.
ATTRITION (RA 8551)
the downsizing of personnel in the PNP on the basis
provided by law.
MODES OF ATTRITION
1) ATTRITION BY ATTAINMENT OF MAXIMUM TENURE
those who have reached the prescribed maximum tenure
corresponding to their position shall be retired
from the service
Chief
4 years
Deputy Chief
4 years
Director of Staff Services
4 years
Regional Directors
6 years
Provincial/District Directors
9 years
other positions higher than
Provincial Director
6 years
2) ATTRITION BY RELIEF
those who have been relieved for just cause and have
not been given an assignment within TWO (2) YEARS
after such relief shall be retired or separated
3) ATTRITION BY DEMOTION IN POSITION OR RANK
those who are relieved and assigned to a position
lower than what is established for his or her grade
in the PNP staffing pattern and who shall not be
assigned to a position commensurate to his or her
grade within EIGHTEEN (18) MONTHS after such
demotion shall be retired or separated
4) ATTRITION BY NON-PROMOTION
Page 25 of 40

those who have not been promoted for a continuous

period of TEN (10) YEARS shall be retired or
separated

5) ATTRITION BY OTHER MEANS

those who have at least five (5) years of active
service shall be separated based on any of the
following:
a) inefficiency based on poor performance during the
last two (2) successive annual rating periods;
b) inefficiency based on poor performance for three
(3) cumulative annual rating periods;
c) physical and/or mental incapacity to perform
police functions and duties; or
d) failure to pass the required entrance examinations
twice and/or finish the required career courses
except for justifiable reasons
RETIREMENT
the separation of the police personnel from the
service by reason of reaching the age of retirement
provided by law, or upon completion of certain
number of years in active service
A PNP uniformed personnel shall retire to the next
higher rank for purposes of retirement pay.
ACTIVE SERVICE
shall refer to services rendered as an officer and
non-officer, cadet, trainee or draftee in the PNP
KINDS OF RETIREMENT
1) COMPULSORY upon reaching the age FIFTY-SIX (56), the
age of retirement
2) OPTIONAL upon completion of TWENTY (20) YEARS of
active service
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Monthly retirement pay shall be FIFTY PERCENT (50%) of
the base pay in case of twenty years of active service,
increasing by TWO AND ONE-HALF PERCENT (2.5%) for every year
of active service rendered beyond twenty years.
RETIREMENT DUE TO PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY
A PNP uniformed personnel who is permanently and
totally disabled as a result of injuries suffered or
sickness contracted in the performance of his duty shall be
entitled to ONE YEARS SALARY and to a LIFETIME PENSION
equivalent to EIGHTY PERCENT (80%) of his last salary, in
addition to other benefits.
Should such PNP personnel die within FIVE (5) YEARS
from his retirement due to physical disability, his legal
spouse or legitimate children shall be entitled to receive
the pension for the remainder of the five year-period.
Page 26 of 40

ABSENCE WITHOUT OFFICIAL LEAVE (AWOL)

failure to report for duty without official notice
for a period of THIRTY (30) DAYS
MISSING IN ACTION (MIA)
any PNP personnel who, while in the performance of
duty or by reason of his being an officer or member
of the PNP, is officially confirmed missing in
action, kidnapped or captured by lawless elements
shall be entitled to receive or to have credited to
his account the same pay and allowances to which
such officer or uniformed member was entitled at the
time of the incident
CREATION OF WOMENS DESK
provided by RA 8551
womens desk in all police stations shall administer
and attend to cases involving crimes against
chastity,
sexual
harassment,
abuses
committed
against women and children and other similar
offenses
the PNP shall reserve TEN PERCENT (10%) of its
annual recruitment, training and education quota for
women
policewomen shall enjoy the same opportunities in
terms of assignment, promotion and other benefits
and privileges extended to all police officers
PARTICIPATION OF LOCAL
ADMINISTRATION OF PNP

GOVERNMENT

EXECUTIVES

IN

THE

OPERATIONAL SUPERVISION
shall mean the power to direct, superintend and
oversee
the
day-to-day
functions
of
police
investigation of crime, crime prevention activities
and traffic control
shall also include the power to direct the
employment and deployment of units or elements of
the PNP, through the station commander, to ensure
public safety and effective maintenance of peace and
order within the locality
EMPLOYMENT
refers to utilization of units or elements of the
PNP for purposes of protection of lives and
properties, enforcement of laws, maintenance of
peace and order, prevention of crimes, arrest of
criminal offenders and bringing the offenders to
justice and ensuring public safety, particularly in
the suppression of disorders, riots, lawlessness,
violence,
rebellious
and
seditious
conspiracy,
insurgency, subversion or other related activities

DEPLOYMENT
shall mean the orderly and organized physical
movement of elements or units of the PNP within the
Page 27 of 40

province, city
employment

or

municipality

for

purposes

of

POWER OF THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNOR

he has the power to choose his PROVINCIAL DIRECTOR
from a list of three (3) eligibles recommended by
the PNP Regional Director
POWER OF THE CITY AND MUNICIPAL MAYOR
he has the power to choose his CHIEF OF POLICE from
a list of five (5) eligibles recommended by the
provincial police director
he has the authority to recommend to the provincial
director the transfer, reassignment or detail of PNP
members outside of their respective city or town
the
control
and
supervision
of
anti-gambling
operations shall be within the jurisdiction of local
government executives
DISCIPLINARY MECHANISMS OF THE PNP
INTERNAL AFFAIRS SERVICE (IAS)
created by RA 8551
FUNCTIONS OF THE IAS
1) pro-actively conduct inspections and audits on PNP
personnel and units;
2) investigate complaints and gather evidence in support
of an open investigation;
3) conduct summary hearings on PNP members facing
administrative charges;
4) submit a periodic report on the assessment, analysis,
and evaluation of the character and behavior of PNP
personnel and units to the Chief PNP and the
Commission;
5) file appropriate criminal cases against PNP members
before the court as evidence warrants and assists in
the prosecution of the case;
6) provide assistance to the Office of the Ombudsman in
cases involving the personnel of the PNP;
The IAS shall also conduct, motu propio (on its own
initiative), automatic investigation of the following cases:
1) incidents where a police personnel discharges a
firearm;
2) incidents where death, serious physical injury, or any
violation of human rights occurred in the conduct of a
police operation;
3) incidents where evidence was compromised, tampered
with, obliterated, or lost while in the custody of
police personnel;
4) incidents where a suspect in the custody of the police
was seriously injured; and
5) incidents where the established rules of engagement
have been violated.
Page 28 of 40

The IAS shall recommend promotion of the members of the

PNP or the assignment of PNP personnel to any key position.
ORGANIZATION OF IAS
headed by the INSPECTOR GENERAL who is a CIVILIAN
and
appointed
by
the
President
upon
the
recommendation of the Director General (Chief, PNP)
the Inspector General shall be assisted by a Deputy
Inspector General
there shall be national, regional and provincial
offices
the national office shall be headed by the Inspector
General, the regional offices by a Director, and the
provincial offices by a Superintendent
ENTRY QUALIFICATIONS TO IAS
1) entry shall be voluntary
2) PNP personnel with at least five (5) years experience
in law enforcement
3) with no derogatory service record
4) members of the bar may enter the service laterally
CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND INCENTIVES
IAS
personnel
shall
be
granted
occupational
specialty pay which shall not exceed FIFTY PERCENT
(50%) of his base pay
IAS personnel shall also have priorities in the
quota allocation for training and education
DISCIPLINARY RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE IAS
any PNP personnel found guilty of any of the cases
mentioned and any immediate superior found negligent
shall be recommended automatically for dismissal or
demotion
recommendation by the IAS, once final, cannot be
revised, set-aside or unduly delayed without just
cause
decisions rendered by the provincial inspectors
shall be forwarded to the regional office for review
within ten (10) days
decisions of the regional office may be appealed to
the national office
decisions rendered by the national IAS shall be
appealed to the National Appellate Board
PEOPLES LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)
a body created pursuant to RA 6975
one of the disciplinary authorities of the PNP
authorized to handle and investigate citizens
complaint
the central receiving entity for any citizens
complaint against the PNP members
shall
be
created
by
the
sangguniang
panlungssod/bayan in every city and municipality as
may be necessary
Page 29 of 40

there shall be at least one (1) PLEB for every five

hundred (500) city or municipal police personnel
membership in the PLEB is a civic duty

COMPOSITION OF PLEB
PLEB shall be composed of five (5) members who shall
be as follows:
any member of the sangguniang panlungsod/bayan
any barangay chairman of the locality concerned
three other members to be chosen by the local peace
and order council from among the members of the
community
for
the three other members, the following
conditions must be met:
one must be a woman
one must be a lawyer, or a college graduate, or the
principal of an elementary school in the locality
the CHAIRMAN of the PLEB shall be elected from among
its members
the term of office of the members of the PLEB is
THREE (3) YEARS
PROCEDURE IN THE PLEB
the procedure shall be summary in nature, conducted
in accordance with due process but without strict
regard to technical rules of evidence
cases handled by PLEB shall be decided by majority
votes of its members
each case shall be decided within SIXTY (60) DAYS
from the time it has been filed with the PLEB
the decision of the PLEB shall become final and
executory, except for decisions involving demotion
or dismissal from the service
decisions involving demotion or dismissal from the
service may be appealed with the REGIONAL APPELLATE
BOARD within TEN (10) DAYS from receipt of the copy
of the decision
ADMINISTRATIVE DISCIPLINARY MACHINERIES IN THE PNP
A) CITIZENS COMPLAINTS
pertains to any complaint initiated by a private
citizen or his duly authorized representative on
account
of
an
injury,
damage
or
disturbance
sustained due to an irregular or illegal act
committed by a member of the PNP
DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITIES FOR CITIZENS COMPLAINTS
1) CHIEF OF POLICE
where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges,
restriction
to
specified
limits,
suspension
or
forfeiture
of
salary,
or
any
combination thereof, for a period not exceeding
FIFTEEN (15) DAYS
2) CITY/MUNICIPAL MAYORS
Page 30 of 40

where the offense is punishable by withholding of

privileges,
restriction
to
specified
limits,
suspension
or
forfeiture
of
salary,
or
any
combination thereof, for a period not less than
SIXTEEN but not exceeding THIRTY (30) DAYS

3) PEOPLES LAW ENFORCEMENT BOARD (PLEB)

where the offense is punishable by withholding of
privileges,
restriction
to
specified
limits,
suspension
or
forfeiture
of
salary,
or
any
combination thereof, for a period exceeding THIRTY
(30) DAYS, or by DISMISSAL
B) BREACH OF INTERNAL DISCIPLINE
refers to any offense committed by a member of the
PNP involving and affecting order and discipline
within the police organization
MINOR OFFENSE
shall refer to an act or omission not involving
moral
turpitude
but
affecting
the
internal
discipline of the PNP, and shall include but not be
limited to:
a) simple misconduct or negligence
b) insubordination
c) frequent absences or tardiness
d) habitual drunkenness
e) gambling prohibited by law
DISCIPLINARY
DISCIPLINE

AUTHORITIES

FOR

BREACH

OF

INTERNAL

1) CHIEF OF POLICE
may
impose
the
administrative
punishment
of
admonition or reprimand; restriction to specified
limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of
salary or suspension; or any combination of the
foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING FIFTEEN (15)
DAYS
2) PROVINCIAL DIRECTORS
may
impose
the
administrative
punishment
of
admonition or reprimand; restriction to specified
limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of
salary or suspension; or any combination of the
foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING THIRTY (30)
DAYS
3) REGIONAL DIRECTORS
may
impose
the
administrative
punishment
of
admonition or reprimand; restriction to specified
limits; withholding of privileges; forfeiture of
salary or suspension; demotion; or any combination
of the foregoing for a period NOT EXCEEDING SIXTY
(60) DAYS
4) CHIEF OF THE PNP
Page 31 of 40

shall have the power to impose the disciplinary

punishment of dismissal from the service; suspension
or
forfeiture
of
salary;
demotion;
or
any
combination of the foregoing for a period NOT
EXCEEDING ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY (180) DAYS

SUMMARY DISMISSAL POWERS

the NAPOLCOM, PNP Chief and Regional Directors have
summary dismissal powers in any of the following
cases:
1) when the charge is serious and the evidence of
guilt is strong
2) when the respondent is a recidivist or has been
repeatedly charged and there are reasonable
grounds to believe that he is guilty of the
charges; and
3) when the respondent is guilty of a serious offense
involving conduct unbecoming of a police officer
DISCIPLINARY APPELATE BOARDS
formal
administrative
disciplinary
appellate
machinery of the National Police Commission
tasked to hear cases on appeal from the different
disciplinary authorities in the PNP
composed of the following:
1) NATIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
o shall decide cases on appeal from decisions
rendered by the PNP Chief and the National
Internal Affairs Service
o shall be composed of the four (4) regular
commissioners and shall be chaired by the
executive officer
2) REGIONAL APPELLATE BOARD
o shall decide cases on appeal from decisions
rendered by the Regional Director, Provincial
Director, Chief of Police, the city or municipal
mayor and the PLEB
o there shall be at least one (1) regional appellate
board per administrative region
D.

BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION (BFP)

created by virtue of RA 6975
initially composed of the officers and uniformed
members of the fire service of the former Integrated
National Police

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BFP

1)
shall
be
responsible
for
the
prevention
and
suppression of all destructive fires on buildings,
houses
and
other
structures,
forests,
land
transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or
vessels docked at piers or wharves or anchored in
major seaports, petroleum industry installations,
plane crashes and other similar incidents
2)
shall be responsible for the enforcement of the Fire
Code of the Philippines and other similar laws
Page 32 of 40

3)

shall have the power to investigate all causes of

fires, and if necessary, file the proper complaints
with the city or provincial prosecutor who has
jurisdiction over the case

0RGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION

shall be headed by a CHIEF, with the rank of
DIRECTOR, to be assisted by a DEPUTY CHIEF with the
rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
shall be composed of provincial offices, district
offices and city or municipal fire stations
at the provincial level, there shall be an OFFICE OF
THE PROVINCIAL FIRE MARSHALL
in case of large provinces, there shall be DISTRICT
OFFICES to be headed by a DISTRICT FIRE MARSHALL
at the city or municipal level, there shall be a
FIRE STATION each headed by a CITY OR MUNICIPAL FIRE
MARSHALL
RANK CLASSIFICATION
DIRECTOR
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF INSPECTOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR
INSP
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 4
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 3
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 2
SENIOR FIRE OFFICER 1
FIRE OFFICER 3
FIRE OFFICER 2
FIRE OFFICER 1
E.
-

BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY (BJMP)

created by virtue of RA 6975
initially composed by the officers and uniformed
members of the former Jail Management and Penology
Service

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BJMP

shall exercise supervision and control over all city
and municipal jails; however, the provincial jails
shall be supervised and controlled by the provincial
governor within his jurisdiction
ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION
shall be headed by a CHIEF with the rank of
DIRECTOR, to be assisted by a DEPUTY CHIEF with the
rank of CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
shall be composed of city and municipal jails each
headed by a city or municipal jail warden
RANK CLASSIFICATION
Page 33 of 40

DIRECTOR
CHIEF SUPERINTENDENT
SENIOR SUPERINTENDENT
SUPERINTENDENT
CHIEF INSPECTOR
SENIOR INSPECTOR
INSP
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 4
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 3
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 2
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER 1
JAIL OFFICER 3
JAIL OFFICER 2
JAIL OFFICER 1
RA 9263 - Bureau of Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology Professionalization Act of 2004
approved on 10 March 2004
provided for the professionalization of the BFP
and BJMP
RA 9592 amendatory law to RA 9263
approved on 8 May 2009
amended the provision on the
qualification
F.
-

minimum

educational

PHILIPPINE PUBLIC SAFETY COLLEGE (PPSC)

created by virtue of RA 6975

FUNCTION OF THE PPSC

shall be the premier educational institution for the
training, human resource development and continuing
education of all personnel of the PNP, BFP and BJMP
ORGANIZATION AND COMPOSITION
shall be under the direct supervision of a Board of
Trustees composed of the Secretary of the DILG and
the three (3) bureau heads (PNP, BFP and BJMP)
shall consist of the Philippine National Police
Academy, the National Police College, the Philippine
National Training Institute and other training
centers as may be created
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
1)
formulate and implement training programs for the
personnel of the Department;
2)
establish and maintain adequate physical training
facilities;
3)
develop and implement research and development to
support educational training programs;
4)
conduct an assessment of the training needs of the
bureaus;
5)
perform such other related functions as may be
prescribed by the Secretary
G.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE ACADEMY (PNPA)

Page 34 of 40

VI.

created pursuant to Section 13 of Presidential Decree

No 1184
a primary component of the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC)
the premier educational institution for future officers
of the Philippine National Police (PNP), Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP)
upon completion of training, graduates will be
conferred the degree of Bachelor of Science in Public
Safety
(BSPS)
and
appointed
as
Police/Fire/Jail
Inspector
POLICE PLANNING

PLAN
an organized schedule or sequence by methodical
activities intended to attain a goal or objectives for
the accomplishments of mission or assignment
a method or way of doing something in order to attain
objectives and provides answers to the 5Ws and 1H
PLANNING
the determination in advance of how the objectives
of the organization will be attained; involves the
determination of a course of action to take in
performing a particular function or activity
the process of developing methods or procedures, or
an arrangement of parts intended to facilitate the
accomplishment of a definite objective
a management function concerned with visualizing
future situation, making estimates concerning them,
identifying issues, needs and potential danger
points, analyzing and evaluating the alternative
ways and means of reaching desired goals according
to a certain schedule, estimating the necessary
funds and resources to do the work and initiating
action in time to prepare what may be needed to cope
with changing conditions and contingent events
the process of deciding in advance what is to be
done and how it is to be done
POLICE PLANNING
an attempt by police administrators in trying to
allocate anticipated resources to meet anticipated
service demands
the systematic and orderly determination of facts
and events as basis for policy formulation and
decision-making affecting law enforcement management

OPERATIONAL PLANNING
the use of a rational design or pattern for all
departmental undertakings rather than relying on
chance in an operational environment
Page 35 of 40

the preparation and development of procedures and

techniques in accomplishing each of the primary
tasks and functions of an organization

POLICE OPERATIONAL PLANNING

the act of determining policies and guidelines for
police activities and operations and providing
controls and safeguards for such activities and
operations in the department
involves strategies or tactics, procedures, policies
or guidelines
STRATEGY
a broad design or method; or a plan to attain a
stated goal or objectives
TACTICS
are specific design, method or course of action to
attain a particular objective in consonance with
strategy
PROCEDURES
are sequences of activities to reach a point or to
attain what is desired
POLICY
a course of action which could be a program of
actions
adopted
by
an
individual,
group,
organization or government, or the set of principles
on which they are based
GUIDELINES IN PLANNING
1)
WHAT TO DO mission/objective
2)
WHY reason/philosophy
3)
WHEN date/time
4)
WHERE place
5)
WHO people involved
6)
HOW strategy/methods
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PLAN
1)
with clearly defined goals or objectives
2)
simplicity, directness and clarity
3)
flexibility
4)
possibility of attainment
5)
must provide standards of operation
6)
economy in terms of resources needed for implementation
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE PLANS
1)
According to Coverage:
a)
Local Plans within police precincts, substations and stations
b)
Regional Plans
c)
National Plans
2)
According to Time:
a)
Strategic or Long Range Plan
relates to plans which are strategic or long
range in application
b)
Intermediate or Medium Range Plan (MASTER PLANS)
Page 36 of 40

c)
-

relates to plans which determine quantity and

quality efforts and accomplishments
example is the 6 Master Plans of the PNP
Operational or Short Range Plan (OPLANS)
refers to the production of plans which determine
the schedule of special activity and are
applicable from one week or less than a year
duration
plans that address immediate need which are
specific and how it can be accomplished on time
with available allocated resources

TYPES OF PLANS
1) PROCEDURAL PLAN OR POLICY PLANS
deal with procedures that have been outlined and
officially adopted by all members of the unit under
specified circumstances
guidelines for actions to be taken
include all STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)
POLICY
- general plan of action that serves as a guide in the
operation of the organization or unit
- codes of procedures
EXAMPLES OF PROCEDURAL PLANS/POLICY PLANS
a)

FIELD PROCEDURES
procedures intended to be used in all situations
of all kinds shall be outlined as guide to
officers and men in the field, such as:
procedures that relate to reporting, to raids,
arrests, stopping suspicious persons, receiving
complaints, investigation, etc

b)
-

HEADQUARTERS PROCEDURES
include the procedures to be followed in the
headquarters, usually reflected in the duty
manual

c)
-

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES (SOP)

procedures intended for specific
operations to
ensure uniformity of action

2)
-

OPERATIONAL PLANS
often called work plan
the work program of the field units
describe specific actions to be taken
the work to be done is estimated, manpower and
equipment is allocated, proper objectives are defined
and methods of accomplishment are developed
- statistical analysis is widely used
3) TACTICAL PLANS
- plans that concern methods of action to be taken at a
designated location and under specific circumstances

Page 37 of 40

- generally emergency type plans that can be put into

effect on the sudden occurrence of a condition
requiring their use
- planning for emergencies of a specific nature at known
locations
- developed for specific situations as they arise
- examples are: planning for major accidents; calamities
or
disasters;
special
events;
hostage-taking
situations, etc
4) ADMINISTRATIVE or MANAGEMENT PLANS
- those plans that relate to staffing, equipping,
supplying and organizing
- include the structuring of functions, authority and
responsibilities,
the
allocation
of
resources,
personnel management, budgeting and other concerns
administrative in nature
- examples are: assignment and training of personnel;
recruitment; equipment and supply procedures, etc
5) EXTRA-DEPARTMENTAL PLANS
- those which require actions or assistance from persons
or agencies outside of the department
- involve coordination with other agencies
- examples are: exchange of information on wanted
persons, known drug syndicates, known organized crime
groups, stolen vehicles, etc
SYPNOTIC PLANNING
- also called rational-comprehensive approach
- the dominant tradition in planning
- especially appropriate for police agencies as it is
based on the problem-oriented approach of planning
- relies heavily on the problem identification and
analysis phase of the planning process and can assist
police
administrators
in
formulating
goals
and
priorities in terms that are focused on specific
problems and solutions that often confront law
enforcers
- consists of ELEVEN PROGRESSIVE STEPS, and each step is
designed to provide the police manager with a logical
course of action:

1)

PREPARE FOR PLANNING

a)
what actions are necessary?
b)
when must they take place?
c)
who is to be involved in each action and for
how long?
d)
how will the various actions interlock with
one another?

2)

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT SITUATION

a)
evaluate the present situation: what is the
present situation?
Page 38 of 40

b)

compare the present situation to the ideal

situation: what is the ideal situation?

3)

DEVELOP PROJECTIONS
a)
what are the desired outcomes?
b)
what are the desired results?

4)

CONSIDER ALTERNATIVE FUTURE STATE

a)
what will possibly happen in the future?
b)
what are the possible changes that can
happen in the future?

5)

IDENTIFY AND ANALYZE PROBLEMS

a)
what is the problem?
b)
what are the areas that need attention?
c)
what are the causes of the problem?
d)
how serious is the problem?

6)

SET GOALS
a)
what are the objectives?

7)

IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTIONS

a)
what are the possible policies, possible
strategies or possible specific actions
that
are aimed at eliminating the problem?
b)
what are the different possible procedures
to be followed?
8)

SELECT PREFERRED ALTERNATIVES

a)
what are the selected policies, strategies
and specific actions to be followed and
undertaken?
b)
what are the established procedures to be
followed?

9)

PLANS FOR IMPLEMENTATION

a)
how are the policies, strategies and
specific courses of actions going to be
implemented or executed?
b)

who

are the persons

implementation?

responsible

for

the

10)

IMPLEMENT PLANS
actual execution of the plans that fulfill
the objectives or goals

11)

MONITOR AND EVALUATE PROGRESS

the final step of the synoptic planning
important step to determine if the plan was
a success or not
necessary in order to compare the goals with
the results
a)
were the objectives or goals achieved?
b)
were the problems resolved?
c)
what were the strengths and the weaknesses
of the plans?
Page 39 of 40

- end

Last updated:
March 2011

Page 40 of 40