PRESENT PARTICIPLE & PAST PARTICIPLE

I- Present Participle
A- Dng ni cu c cng ch ng
Ex: He run out of the room and slammed the door behind.

He run out of the room, slamming the door behind.

They open the door and brought the chairs in.

Opening the door, they brought the chairs in.

1. Ni 2 cu tr ln c cng S, mt trong hai l hnh ng ph hoc l nguyn nhn ca hnh ng kia
Ex: He hadn't any money and friends in the city, he decided to overnight beside the hotel.

Not having any money and friends, he decided to overnight beside the hotel.
2. Thay mnh vi since, as, because, bng as + V-ing
Ex: Since he didn't know her address, he couldn't write to her.

As not knowing her address, he couldn't write to her.

Ch : Hin ti phn t c th dng dng hon thnh khi nhn mnh hnh ng ny hon thnh ri mi n
hnh ng kia.
Ex: He had eaten breakfast then he rushed out to school.

Having eaten breakfast, he rushed out to school.

B- V-ing ni cu c cng i t quan h (Rt gn mnh )
Thay mnh quan h V-ing khi
+ who, which, that l ch ng
+ ng t trong mnh dng ch ng
Ex: The boy who is sitting next to me is very handsome.

The boy sitting next to me is very handsome.

I was woken up by the sunlight which come through the window of my room.

I was woken up by the sunlight coming thought the window of my room.

C- Hin ti phn t dng nh mt Adj
V-ing + N
sleeping child
sleeping bag
running water
sice exporting country
dsinking water
dancing girl
II- Past participle (PII)
1. Dng nh mt adj b ng
stolen money wounded people
broken heart
punished child
2. Dng ni hai cu tr ln cng S (1 trong 2 cu dng b ng)
Ex: Tom was punished by the teacher so he felt very sad.

Punished by the teacher, Tom felt very sad.

He was exhausted by the work, he threw himself on the bed.

Exhausted by the work, he threw himself on the bed.

3. Rt gn mnh quan h
- i t quan h: who, which, that, that, l ch ng ca mnh quan h
- ng t dng b ng

Thay i t quan h + ng t b ng PII

Ex: The girl who was accompanied by her mother greeted the gueste.

The girl accomepanied by her mother greeted the gueste.

The boy who was given a schoolar ship was my son.

The boy given a schoolar ship was my son.

Having + been PII
Ex: He had been bitten by a dog twice, he didn't dare to come to her house.

Having been bitten by a dog twice, he didn't dare to come to her house.