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Formaldehyde
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Advantage
Disadvant
age
Precautio
n
ALDEHYDE
Formal-corrosive/ Formalsublimate
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Disadvant
age
Lysis of RBC
Causes little cross-linking
Glutaraldehyde
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Solidifies at 17 degrees
Fixes and precipitates nucleoproteins
Precipitates chromosomes and chromatin material; essential constituent in nuclear fixatives
Causes tissue to swell
ACETONE
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Disadvant
age
METALLIC FIXATIVES
Mercuric Chloride
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Disadvant
age
Precaution
Zenkers Fluid
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Advantage
Disadvant
age
Precautio
n
Silver impregnation
Fibrous connective tissue
Transferred directly to 95%
alcohol or absolute alcohol
Poor RBC preservation
Dissolved cytoplasmic granules
Weigerts method of staining
elastic fibers not possible
METALLIC FIXATIVES
Mercuric Chloride
Chromate Fixatives
B-5 Fixative
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Advantage
Chromic Acid
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Preserves carbohydrates
Precipitates proteins
Potassium dichromate
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3% aqueous solution
Precipitates cytoplasmic
structures
Preserves lipids
Preserves mitochondria (pH 4.55.2 - mitochondria; acidic pH
cytoplasm, chromatin body, and
chromosomes)
METALLIC FIXATIVES
Chromate Fixatives
Regards/ Mullers fluid
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Disadvant
age
Lead Fixatives
Orths Fluid
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Acid mucopolysaccharide
Fixes connective tissue mucin
Advantage
Disadvant
age
Dyes the tissue yellow (removed by treatment with another acid dye or lithium carbonate)
Glycogen demonstration
Yellow stain taken in by tissues prevents small fragments being overlooked
Brilliant staining with trichrome method
Suitable for Aniline stain
Precipitates proteins
Lyse RBC
Not suitable for frozen sections
Never be washed in water
Excessive staining of tissues
Highly explosive when dry
Dissolves lipids
Interferes with Azure eosin method of staining
Bouins Solution
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Advantage
Disadvant
age
TRICHLOROACETIC ACID
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Disadvant
age
Advantage
Advantage
ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES
Disadvant
age
Ethyl alcohol
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Disadvant
age
ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES
Carnoys fluid
Advantage
Newcomers fluid
Disadvant
age
Advantage
Disadvant
age
Precaution
Pale yellow powder which dissolves in water to form a strong oxidizing solution
Causes complete denaturation of proteins
Fixes conjugated fats and lipids; stained black
Preserves cytoplasmic structures
Extensively used for neurological tissues
Brilliant nuclear staining with safranin
Fixes materials for ultrathin sectioning in electron microscopy
Precipitates and gels proteins
Uniformly granular nuclei with clear cytoplasm background
Some are better fixed in vapor of osmium tetroxide, thus eliminating washing-out
Forms black precipitate
Inhibits hematoxylin
Black osmic oxide crystals may be dissolved in cold water
Addition of saturated aqueous mercuric chloride solution prevents formation of precipitates
Flemmings Solution
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Disadvant
age
HEAT FIXATION
Advantage
Disadvant
age
Destroys RBC
Dissolves glycogen