Groups of Elements

(biggest set of notes yet) :0

I can use the periodic table to determine if an element is a nonmetal,
metal or metalloid.
I can describe general properties of the families/groups of elements.
I can describe general trends (mass, size, reactivity) in the periodic table.

Quick review
What do we know so far?
Periods
Groups
Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

remember any of the subcategories?

http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table
another good periodic table

Group 1 - Alkali Metals

metals
1 electron in the outer shell
very reactive
easy to give away 1 outer electron
found in nature combined with other
elements

soft, silvery color, similar in luster,

low density

Group 2 - Alkaline-Earth Metals

metals
2 electrons in the outer shell
very reactive, but less than group 1
more difficult to give away 2 outer
electrons

silvery color, more dense than

group 1

Groups 3-12 - Transition Metals

metals
1 or two electrons in the outer shell
less reactive than group 2
do not give away their outer electrons easily

similar luster, good conductors, high densities

and melting points than groups 1 and 2 (except
mercury)

More Transition Metals

properties can vary a lot
many or silver colored, but there is gold
all solid, but then mercury
some are not reactive like titanium, but then iron is
very reactive

Lanthanides
shiny, reactive

Actinides
all are radioactive or unstable
elements after 94 - Plutonium do not occur in nature

Group 13 - Boron Group

1 metalloid and 5 metals

3 electrons in outer shell
reactive
solids at room temperature
aluminum is most common of the
group and most abundant metal on
Earth - used to be more valuable than
Gold

Group 14 - Carbon Group

1 nonmetal, 2 metalloids, 3 metals

4 electrons in the outer shell
reactivity varies
solids at room temperatures
Carbon is very important in
forming compounds for life proteins, fats, carbohydrates
metalloids used for computer chips
tin coats steel because it isn't
reactive

Group 15 - Nitrogen Group

2 nonmetals, 2 metalloids, 2 metals
5 electrons in the outer shell
reactivity varies
nitrogen not very reactive, but phosphorus is
only found combined with other elements

solids at room temperature - except

nitrogen
Review from previous years - What
percentage of Earth's atmosphere is
made up of nitrogen?

Group 16 - Oxygen Group

3 nonmetals, 1 metalloid, 1 metal
6 electrons in the outer shell
solid at room temperature, except
oxygen
Review from previous years - What
percentage of Earth's atmosphere is
made up of oxygen?
almost all life needs oxygen
sulfur is common and is a yellow solid
sulfuric acid is most common compound used
in chemical industries

Group 17 - Halogens
nonmetals
7 electrons in outer shell
very reactive
only need 1 electron to fill outer shell
never found uncombined in nature
violent reactions with alkali metals to form salts
halogen + metal = salt (sodium chloride)
chemical properties are similar, but physically
very different
poor conductors of electricity
chlorine and iodine are used as disinfectants

Group 18 - Noble Gases

nonmetals
8 electrons in outer shell - 2 in helium
unreactive
have a full set of electrons in outer shell
good for light bulbs
colorless, odorless gases at room temperature
about 1% of atmosphere is argon
make "Neon" lights, not just neon

Hydrogen

grouped with metals, but is a gas - nonmetal

1 electron in the outer shell - only one shell
reactive
colorless, odorless gas at room temperature,
low density, explosive reactions with oxygen
most abundant element in the universe

I can describe general trends (mass, size, reactivity) in the

periodic table.

Reactivity