Periodic Table Notes

I can use the periodic table to determine if an element is a nonmetal, metal or metalloid.
I can use the periodic table to determine an elements atomic number and average atomic
mass.
I can describe general properties of the families/groups of elements.
I can describe general trends (mass, size, reactivity) in the periodic table.

What is the Periodic Table?

1869 - Mendeleev discovers a pattern to the elements
first arranged elements by properties - density, appearance,
melting point, etc.
next arranged elements by increasing atomic mass(weight)

Periodic - happening at regular intervals

elements in the P.T. have properties that repeat every 7
elements

Mendeleev used the pattern to predict elements to be

discovered in the future
1914 - Moseley arranged elements by atomic number
periodic law - repeating chemical and physical
properties of elements change periodically with the
elements' atomic number

Classification of Elements
elements are Metals, Nonmetals, or Metalloids - based
on properties and number of electrons in the outer
energy level
view the different categories on p. 286 or at http://www.
ptable.com/

Metals
most elements are metals
located on P.T. from left side to the zigzag
line

Properties of Metals
atoms of most metals have few electrons in
their outer energy level
solid at room temperature - Mercury is a
liquid
tend to be:
shiny
ductile - made into thin wires
malleable- bendable, shapeable, flattenedAluminum
good conductors of thermal energy - Iron

all metals are good conductors of electrical

current - copper

Nonmetals
located to the right of the zigzag line

Properties of Nonmetals
most nonmetals have almost a complete set of
electrons in their outer energy level
elements in Group 18, Noble Gases, have a
complete set of electrons
more than half of nonmetals are gases at room
temperature
many properties of nonmetals are opposite of
metals
NOT malleable or ductile
most are not shiny
poor conductors of thermal and electrical
energy

Metalloids
also called semiconductors
border the zigzag line on the P.T.

Properties of Metalloids
atoms have about half of a complete set of
electrons in their outer energy level
have some properties of metals and some of
nonmetals
these are specific examples and things will vary
p. 289 Tellurium - shiny, but brittle - smashes into
powder
Boron - hard as a diamond, but brittle, does conduct
well at high temperatures.

Parts of the Periodic Table

Chemical Symbol
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass(Weight)
Periods - rows on the P.T.
physical and chemical properties follow a repeating
pattern as you move across the period
ex: conductivity and reactivity change from left to
right in each period

Groups - columns on the P.T.

elements in each group have similar chemical and
physical properties - also called a family

look at p. 290