More Atom Notes

I can identify atoms as the fundamental particle

making up all of matter.

Parts of the Atom

Protons and Neutrons

make up the nucleus

Atomic Number
Mass number
masses so small - 1.7 X 10-24 g, that special
units were made to measure mass - Atomic
Mass Unit (amu).
1 proton = 1 amu
nucleus is very small, but very dense

Electrons
very small - about 1,800 electrons would make
up the mass of 1 proton
mass of electrons are thought of as zero
atoms with equal amounts of protons (positive)
and electrons (negative) are neutral - no charge
atoms with different amounts of electrons than
protons will have a charge - Ion
atom loses electrons and it is positively charged
atom gains electrons and it is negatively charged
lets check it out on the build an atom program!!!!!!

Isotopes
a single element could have many different
masses
isotope - atoms that have the same number
of protons, but have different numbers of
neutrons
Isotopes will have different mass numbers
which lead to the average Atomic Weight.
Atomic Weight of Helium - 4.0026

Isotopes

Isotopes
every element has only a certain amount of
isotopes found in nature.
some isotopes are unstable - can be
radioactive
radioactive - atoms fall apart and give off
particles and energy in the process
Isotopes always have the same amount of
protons!!
named by the number of neutrons - carbon12, hydrogen-2

Forces in Atoms
Gravitational Force - forces acts between all object at all
times, depends on amount of mass and distance
Electromagnetic Force - protons and electrons are
attracted because they have opposite charges, holds the
electrons around the nucleus
Strong Force - protons push away from each other
because they have the same charge, neutrons and
protons create a strong force to hold nucleus together
Weak Force - radioactive atoms, weak force can change
a neutron into a proton and electron...much too
complicated for now...

Electrons - Energy Levels

There are levels of energy surrounding the
nucleus.
Different amounts of electrons are able to
travel around the nucleus at each level.

2 (maximum at each level)

8
18
32
32
18
8
2