CNG NGH SINH

HC HIU KH

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

C s khoa hc
S dng cc vsv hiu kh phn hu cc cht hu
c trong nc thi c y oxy ho tan nhit
, pH thch hp.
S phn ng:
(CHO)nNS + O2 CO2 + H2O + NH4+ + H2S +
T bo vi sinh vt+ ... H

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

C s khoa hc (tt)
Trong iu kin hiu kh NH4+ v H2S cng b
phn hu nh qu trnh Nitrat ha, sunfat ha
bi vi sinh vt t dng:
S phn ng:
NH4+ + 2O2 NO3- + 2H++ H2O +H
H2S + 2O2 SO42- + 2H+ + H

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

C s khoa hc (tt)
C ch qu trnh x l hiu kh gm 3 giai on
[Eckenfelder w.w v Conon D.J, 1961].
z

Giai on 1- Oxy ha ton b cht hu c c

trong nc thi p ng nhu cu nng lng
ca t bo
CxHyOzN + (x + y/4 + z/3 + ) O2 xCO2 + [(y3)/2] H2O + NH3

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

C s khoa hc (tt)
z

Giai on 2 (Qu trnh ng ha)- Tng hp

xy dng t bo
CxHyOzN + NH3 + O2 xCO2 + C5H7NO2

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

C s khoa hc (tt)
z

Giai on 3 (Qu trnh d ha)- H hp ni bo

C5H7NO2 + 5O2 xCO2 + H2O
NH3 + O2 O2 + HNO2 HNO3

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

u im ca cng ngh hiu kh

Qu trnh x l c hiu r hn.

y Hiu qu x l cao v trit hn.
y Khng gy nhim th cp nh pp ho
hc, ho l.
y

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

Nhc im ca cng ngh hiu kh
y
y
y
y
y
y
y

Th tch cng trnh ln, chim nhiu mt bng hn.

Chi ph xy dng cng trnh v u t thit b ln
hn.
Chi ph nng lng cho vn hnh sc kh cao.
Khng c kh nng thu hi nng lng.
Khng chu c nhng thay i t ngt v ti trng
hu c khi nguyn liu khan him.
Sinh ra lng bn cao v km n nh, tn chi ph x
l bn.
X l nc thi c ti trng khng cao nh pp k kh.

CNG NGH SINH HC HIU KH

y
y
y
y
y
y
y

Cc yu t nh hng
Nng bn hot tnh hay ch s bn.
Nng oxy (lng oxy ho tan ra khi b
lng II 2mg/l).
Nng BOD ton phn (Aerotank 1000
mg/l; lc sinh hc 500 mg/l).
Thnh phn nguyn t vi lng.
Thnh phn dinh dng thch hp:
BOD:N:P = 100:5:1 hoc COD:N:P = 200:5:1
Nhit , pH phi thch hp cho VSV
Nng kim loi h kh nng pht trin ca
vsv v kh nng lng bn.

Cc giai on x l nc thi bng

cng ngh hiu kh

Tm lc cc dng cng ngh hiu kh ph bin

Aerotank/bn hot tnh

L qu trnh x l nc thi bng bn hot
tnh.
Bng bn c mu nu, d lng; hnh thnh
ch yu do s gn kt gia vi sinh vt sng
v cht rn l lng.
Bng bn s ln nhanh khi c khuy o
hay thi kh, v s lng xung khi ngng
khuy o hay thi kh.

Ba giai on sinh hc ca Aerotank

Giai on 1:
Bn hot tnh hnh thnh v pht trin. Lc
ny, c cht v cht dinh dng ang rt
phong ph, sinh khi bn cn t.
Vi sinh vt sinh trng nhanh theo cp s
nhn, sinh khi bn tng nhanh.
Tc tiu th oxy tng dn, vo cui giai
on ny c khi gp 3 ln giai on 2. Tc
phn hy cht bn hu c tng dn.

Ba giai on sinh hc ca Aerotank

Giai on 2:
Vi sinh vt pht trin n nh, hot lc
enzym t Max v ko di trong thi gian
tip theo.
Tc phn hy cht hu c t Max, cc
cht hu c b phn hu nhiu nht.
Tc tiu th oxy gn nh khng thay i
sau mt thi gian kh di.

Ba giai on sinh hc ca Aerotank

Giai on 3:
Tc tiu th oxy c chiu hng gim
dn v sau li tng ln.
Tc phn hy cht bn hu c gim dn
v qu trnh Nitrat ha amoniac xy ra.
Sau cng, nhu cu tiu th oxy li gim v
qu trnh lm vic ca Aerotank kt thc.

Cc dng aerotank
Bn hot tnh
Khuy trn hon ton
Dng chy nt (B bn hot tnh cp kh gim dn)
Thi kh nhiu bc (B bn hot tnh np nc thi theo
bc)
Mng oxy ha
B hiu kh gin on - SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor)
Unitank

Lc sinh hc
RBC (Roltating Biological Contactor - a quay sinh hc):
Lc nh git:
Lc sinh hc ngp nc (m c nh, m gin n)

Phn loi b bn hot tnh

B bn hot tnh truyn thng

B bn hot tnh tip xc-n nh
B bn hot tnh thng kh ko di
B bn hot tnh thng kh cao c khuy
o hon chnh.
B bn hot tnh chn lc

B bn hot tnh truyn thng

Hnh ch nht di, hp.
Lng oxy cn dng thay i dc theo chiu di
ca b phn ng sinh ha.
S dng cc thit b thng gi lm thong b
mt lng oxy cung cp ph hp vi nhu cu
s dng dc theo chiu di b.
Dng vo v tun hon bn hot tnh i vo b
1 u v dng thi s i ra u i din.
Ch s th tch bn thng dao ng t 50 150
ml/g, tui ca bn thng t 3 15 ngy.
Nng BOD u vo thng < 400mg/l, hiu
qu lm sch thng t 80 95%.

B bn hot tnh tip xc-n nh

B phn ng c chia thnh 2 vng:
vng tip xc l ni xy ra qu trnh
chuyn ha cc vt cht hu c trong
nc thi u vo
vng n nh l ni bn hot tnh tun
hon t thit b lc c sc kh n
nh vt cht hu c.

B bn hot tnh tip xc-n nh

B bn hot tnh tip xc-n nh

Trong vng tip xc, thi gian tip xc t 20 60 pht
(ph thuc lu lng dng vo).
Dng bn ti sinh thng chim 25 75% dng nc
thi u vo x l.
Th tch vng tip xc l 30 35% tng th tch chung,
vi thi gian lu nc l 4 6 gi ty thuc vo dng
bn hot tnh tun hon.
Th tch vng n nh chim 50 60% tng th tch ca
ton h thng, vi thi gian lu nc thng t 0,5 2
gi.
Hiu qu x l thng t 85 95% kh nng loi b
BOD5 v cc cht rn l lng.

B bn hot tnh thng kh ko di

B bn hot tnh thng kh cao c

khuy o hon chnh.
ng dng x l nc thi c nhim
cng nh nng cc cht l lng cao.
Thi gian lm vic ngn.
Rt ngn thi gian thng kh.
Nc thi, bn hot tnh, oxy ha tan
c khuy trn u tc th qu trnh
oxy ha c ng u, hiu qu cao.

B aerotank thng kh cao c khuy o

hon chnh

B aerotank thng kh cao c khuy o

hon chnh
u im :
Pha long ngay tc khc nng cc
cht nhim bn, k c cc cht c hi.
Khng xy ra hin tng qu ti cc b
mt ni no trong b.
Thch hp cho x l cc loi nc thi c
ti trng cao, ch s th tch bn cao,cn
kh lng.

Bin th ca aerotank thng kh cao c

khuy o hon chnh
S dng oxy tinh khit thay cho kh nn.
B c nhiu ngn kn.
Nc thi vo v dng bn hot tnh tun hon
ch c a vo ngn u tin cng vi oxy.
S dng oxy tinh khit s lm gia tng p sut
oxy tham gia trong mi ngn, v vy s lm tng
t l chuyn ha th tch oxy hn so vi h
thng s dng khng kh th tch b phn
ng sinh ha nh, thi gian lu nc ch cn
khong 2 4 gi.

Aerotank khuy trn hon ton

Dng x l nc thi cng nghip c
nng m c, c bit l cc cht hu
c kh phn hy.
Khuy trn bng cch phn b dng vo
dc mt bn hng b phn ng, dng ra
pha i din.
Mu c pha long ngay tc khc
khng xy ra hin tng qu ti cc b.

Aerotank khuy trn hon ton

Dng chy nt (B bn hot tnh cp

kh gim dn)

Dng chy nt (B bn hot tnh cp

kh gim dn)
u im:
+ Gim c khng kh cp vo, ngha l
gim cng sut ca my thi kh.
+ Khng c hin tng lm thong qu
mc lm ngn cn s sinh trng ca vi
khun kh cc hp cht cha Nito.
+ C th p dng ti trng cao, cht
lng nc ra tt hn.

Thi kh nhiu bc (B bn hot tnh np

nc thi theo bc)

Thi kh nhiu bc (B bn hot tnh np

nc thi theo bc)
Dng nc vo c a vo h thng ny
nhng v tr khc nhau dc theo chiu di b.
Thi gian thng kh ca h thng thng t 4
8 gi (ph thuc lu lng dng chy).
Thi gian lu 4 tng ngn l 4 12 ngy.
Np theo bc c tc dng lm cn bng t trng
BOD theo th tch v lm gim thiu ht oxy
u b v lng oxy cn thit c tri u
theo dc b.
Thng loi b c t 80 95% BOD5 v cc
cht l lng.

Mng oxy ha

B hiu kh gin on - SBR (Sequencing

Batch Reactor)

Unitank

Mng lc

Lc nh git

B sinh hc kt hp vi lc

B sinh hc kt hp mng vi lc
chm trong nc

a quay sinh hc

S ng dng Mng sinh hc

trong cng trnh x l nc thi

S cng ngh x l nc thi ngnh

thuc da

S cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin

m cao su

S cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin

ht iu

S cng ngh x l nc thi ch bin

m phm

S x l nc thi KCN vit nam singapore

S cng ngh x l nc thi KCN Bin

Ho 2

S cng ngh x l nc thi KCN Tn

Thun

S cng ngh x l nc thi KCN M Phc

S cng ngh x l nc thi KCN Linh Trung I

S cng ngh x l nc thi KCN Long Thnh

S cng ngh x l nc thi KCN Linh Trung III

S cng ngh x l nc thi tinh bt m (1)

S cng ngh x l nc thi tinh bt m (2)