Acta Phys. Sin.

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

l p *
1)

2)

2)

1) ( , 710072 )
2) ( , , 710071 )
( 2013 5 6 ; 2013 6 2 )

.
: , ,
. . Hesse
, , l p . cameraman, barbara
mandrill , . , . 0.3 ,
32.23 dB , . . , ,
0.5 , , , 0.7 ,
88%. , l p , ,
.

: , , , Hesse
PACS: 42.30.Wb, 42.30.Va, 07.05.Pj

DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.174212

[14] [15] .

,
.

, [1,2] [3]
[4]
. ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
2006 , Donoho[5] Candes[6]
,

, .
, , /
[79] [1012] [13]

:
.
.
l0 ,
, NP-hard .
, :
[16] (orthogonal
matching pursuit, OMP)[17]
[18] .
,
,
. Candes Donoho l1 l0

[1,2] ,

* (: 51075329) (: 2012GY2-41) (:
NPU-FFR-JCY20130117) (: Z2013029) .
. E-mail: ningfl@nwpu.edu.cn
c 2013

http://wulixb.iphy.ac.cn

Chinese Physical Society

174212-1

Acta Phys. Sin.

.
[19] [20] .
, .Bhaskar
(0 < p < 1) l p
(iteratively reweighted least square, IRLS)
[21] . Chartand IRLS
[22] , l p
l0 l1 .
l p ,
Hesse
. ,
[2325]
.
,
,
,
.
, l p
: 1) l p

, ;
2) Hesse
, ,
, ; 3)
,
, , .
, l p

2 l p
2.1 l p

[5,6] ,
,
.
.
x N1 = [1 , 2 , , N ]

x = a,

(1)

, a N1 K(K N) ,
a x , x .

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

MN (M < N)
, x ,
y = x,

(2)

, y M1 . = , l p

:
min a pp ,
a

s.t. a = y.

(3)

(3)
min f (a),
a

s.t. c(a) = a y = 0,

, f (a) = a pp =

(4)

|a(i)| p , c(a)

i=1

2.2 Hesse

, .
, , ;
Hesse
, . Hesse
,
Bk Hesse ,
,
, . ,
, ,
Hesse ,
, .

,
,
. (4)
c(a) = a y = 0 l p ,
min P(a, mn ) = min{ f (a) + mn ( a y)2 },

(5)

, mn > 0 . (5) a ,
0
an = 2mn (|p||an1 | p2 + 2mn T )1 T y,

(6)

, |p||an1 | p2
, . , ,
|P|diag(|an1 |P2 )[26] |p||an1 | p2 .
,

174212-2

an y2 < e,

(7)

Acta Phys. Sin.

, e 0 .
,
,
. ,
,
P(a, mn ) Hesse , ,
. Hesse

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

u > 0 l1 ,
:

u,
uk > k + ,
k
(14)
uk+1 =
+ 2 ,
u < + ,
k

T c(a), = (1 , 2 , , N )T
. L(a, ) a Hesse

k = (ATk Ak )1 ATk gk .

(ak + k dk ; uk ) (ak ; uk )

a L(a, ) = f (a) + i ci (a)

6k (ak , dk ; uk ),

i=1

(8)

2aa L(a, ) = 2 f (a) + i 2 ci (a).

(9)

(16)

(ak , dk ; uk ) ak dk
, k = mk ;
Bk+1

i=1

Bk+1 = Bk

Bk sk sTk Bk hk hTk
+ T ,
sTk Bk sk
sk hk

(17)

gk = f (a),

sk = ZkT (ak+1 ak ),

Ak = c(a)T = [c1 (a), c2 (a), , cM (a)],

ck = c(a),

(15)

k , k { 0 , 1 , , m , }, mk

= f (a) + c(a)T ,

, k ,
min Ak gk 2

.
(4) L(a, ) = f (a) +

W = 2aa L(a, ).

W L(a, ) Hesse , (9) ,

W , , Hesse
Bk
Hesse , . Bk
Hesse
T
T
1
dk = (Zk B1
k Zk gk + Ak (Ak Ak ) ck ),

(10)

, Zk RN(NM) , N(Ak ) ,
Ak QR

Rk
.
Ak = (Yk Zk )
0

(11)

dK 1 6 ,

(12)

, 0 .
, ,
.
l1 :

u (a) = f (a) + uc(a)1 ,

(13)

yk = ZkT (a L(ak+1 , k+1 ) a L(aK , k+1 )),

(18)

hk = tk yk + (1 tk )Bk sk ,

1,
tk =
0.8sTk Bk sk

T
,
sk Bk sk sTk yk

(19)
sTk yk > 0.2sTk Bk sk ,
(20)
sTk yk < 0.2sTk Bk sk .

(18), (19), (20) Bk+1 .

:
0 a0 N1 1
, e = = 1 105 ,
B0 (NM)(NM) ,
u0 = 15, = 0.6, n = 1,
k = 1;
1 ,
,
,
y;
2 (6)
an , an y2 < e, , a0 = an
Hesse
;
3 (10)
dk , dK 1 6 , , a = ak , 6;

174212-3

Acta Phys. Sin.

4 (14) uk , (16)
k , (17) Bk+1 ;
5 k = k +1, ak+1 = ak + k dk , 3;
6 1
a .
, , .

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

. , 0.3
, cameraman OMP
[22]
, 2 .
(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

3
,
, cameraman
512 512 , 153 512,
256 512, 358 512
, 1 .
0.3, 0.5, 0.7 ,
32.23 dB, 35.88 dB, 37.77 dB. 1
0.3 ,
32.23 dB, .
, .
1 ,
0.3 , ,

1 (a) ; (b) M/N = 0.3; (c)

M/N = 0.5; (d) M/N = 0.7

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

M/N = 0.3, cameraman (a), (b), (c) ; (d), (e), (f) ; (a), (d) ; (b), (e) OMP ; (c), (f), [22]

2 ,

. ,

, ,

: .

174212-4

Acta Phys. Sin.

, ,
, , , .
, ,
,
.

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

, OMP
, 512 512 cameramanbarbara
, 256 512
. 3
.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

M/N = 0.5, cameraman, barbara (a), (d) ; (b), (e) ; (c), (f)OMP

M/N = 0.5 , cameraman,

barbara, OMP

OMP 35.88 dB,

34.45 dB, OMP 1.43 dB.

, OMP barbara
31.86 dB, 31.56 dB,
OMP .

/dB

/s

OMP

OMP

0.4

30.87

30.98

188.55

280.86

0.5

31.86

31.56

191.67

577.20

0.6

33.18

32.31

197.67

991.35

0.7

34.43

33.28

198.72

1749.74

1 2 .
1

cameraman, OMP

/dB

/s

OMP

OMP

0.4

33.00

33.54

196.33

305.27

0.5

35.88

34.45

202.37

629.83

0.6

36.06

35.48

206.68

1141.16

0.7

37.77

36.88

215.54

1805.71

1 2 , 0.4
, OMP
, 36%,
, OMP
, OMP .
0.7 , 88%.
, [22] ,
512 512 barbara mandrill
. 4 .

174212-5

Acta Phys. Sin.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

M/N = 0.5, barbara, mandrill (a), (d) ; (b), (e) ; (c), (f) [22]

0.5 , [22]
barbara 31.86 dB, 30.48 dB,
[22] 1.38 dB.
(e), (f) 30.97 dB, 29.73 dB,
[22] 1.24 dB.
3

3 4 .
3 4 , [22] ,

, .

barbara, [22]
/dB

/s

[22]

[22]

0.4

30.87

29.62

188.56

621.92

0.5

31.86

30.48

191.67

986.14

0.6

33.18

31.76

197.67

1605.40

0.7

34.43

33.64

198.72

2323.62

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

mandrill, [22]
/dB

/s

[22]

[22]

0.4

30.01

29.11

184.02

588.99

0.5

30.97

29.73

186.22

1017.51

0.6

32.21

30.76

192.23

1554.53

0.7

33.72

32.43

220.35

2445.18

Hesse
, ,
l p .
.
0.3 , 32.23 dB
, .
OMP ,

. [22] l p
, ,
[22]
. ,
,
. , ,
,

174212-6

Acta Phys. Sin.

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

. l p
,

,
.

[1] Zhang Q S, Lv X X, Yu Q T, Liu G Y 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2764

[2] Huang L M, Ding Z H, Hong W, Wang C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61
023401 (in Chinese) [, , , 2012 61
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[10] Lustig M, Donoho D, Pauly J M 2007 Magn. Reson. Med. 58 1182
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[13] Bobin J, Starck J L, Ottensamer R 2008 IEEE Sel. Top. Sig. Proc. 2
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[26] Rao B D, Kreutz D K 1999 IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc. 47 187

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Acta Phys. Sin.

Vol. 62, No. 17 (2013) 174212

An algorithm for image reconstruction

based on l p norm
Ning Fang-Li1)

He Bi-Jing2)

Wei Juan2)

1) ( School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian 710072, China )

2) ( State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, School of Telecommunication Engineering, Xidian University, Xian 710071, China )
( Received 6 May 2013; revised manuscript received 2 June 2013 )

Abstract
Image reconstruction is one of the key technologies in the fields of physical imaging, which include optical imaging, photoacoustic
imaging, sonar imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and celestial imaging etc. Compressive sensing theory, the new research spot
in recent years, describes that a small group of non-adaptive linear projections of a sparse or compressible signal contains enough
information for signal reconstruction. Compressive sensing has been applied in many physical imaging systems. In this paper, we
propose a new image reconstruction algorithm based on l p norm compressive sensing by combining the penalty function and revised
Hesse sequence quadratic programming, and using block compressive sensing. Several images, such as cameraman, barbara and
mandrill, are chosen as the images for image reconstruction. First, we take different sampling rates for image reconstruction to
verify the algorithm. When the sampling rate is as low as 0.3, the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed image can reach up to
32.23 dB. Then, when the sampling rate is above 0.5, by comparing with OMP algorithm, reconstructed images can be obtained with a
higher signal-to-noise ratio and a shorter imaging time. Especially, when the sampling rate is 0.7, the imaging time is reduced by 88%.
Finally compared with the existing algorithm based on l p norm compressive sensing, simulation results show that the new algorithm
can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of reconstructed images, and greatly reduce the imaging time.

Keywords: image reconstruction, compressive sensing, penalty function, revised Hesse sequence quadratic programming
PACS: 42.30.Wb, 42.30.Va, 07.05.Pj

DOI: 10.7498/aps.62.174212

* Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51075329), the Shaanxi Science and Technology Research and
Development Project, China (Grant No. 2012GY2-41), NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research, China (Grant No. NPU-FFR-JCY20130117), and
the Graduate Starting Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University, China (Grant No. Z2013029).
Corresponding author. E-mail: ningfl@nwpu.edu.cn

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