Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA
AGENCIJA ZA STATISTIKU
BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
BHAS
KULTURA I UMJETNOST
CULTURE AND ART
2007.
2000 - 2005.
TB
08
Izdaje i tampa:
Odgovara:
Responsible:
Podatke pripremile:
Data prepared by:
Tehniki urednik:
Editor:
Aziz Vreto
Aziz Vreto
SADRAJ
CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
PREDGOVOR
FOREWORD
METODOLOKA OBJANJENJA
NOTES ON METODOLOGY
RADIO I TV STANICE
RADIO AND TV STATIONS
11
11
11
12
12
13
13
14
14
KINEMATOGRAFIJA
CINEMATOGRAPHY
15
15
POZORITA
THEATRES
16
16
17
18
8.
10..
18
18
19
11.
20
12.
ZAPOSLENI U BIBLIOTEKAMA
EMPLOYEES IN LIBRARIES
21
21
13.
22
14.
22
15.
23
16.
KORIENJE GRAE
USING MATERIALS
23
PREDGOVOR
Zdenko Milinovi
Direktor
Agencije za statistiku BiH
FOREWORD
Zdenko Milinovi
Director of the
Agency for Statistics of BiH
____________________________________
METODOLOKA OBJANJENJA
1. IZVORI PODATAKA
Podaci iz oblasti kulture, umjetnosti i informisanja koji se objavljuju u ovom biltenu su rezultat
agregiranja podataka uporedivih godinjih istarivanja koja provode entitetski zavodi za statistiku.
2. RADIO I TELEVIZIJA
Radio i televizijske stanice su preduzea ili jedinice u sastavu drugih preduzea koje
preko svojih emisionih radio i televizijskih predajnika emituju program namijenjen javnosti.
Lokalne radio i televizijske stanice emituju program namjenjen javnosti ueg podruja.
3.
KINEMATOGRAFIJA
Bioskop je sala ili otvoreni prostor opremljen ureajima za javno prikazivanje filmova.
Bioskopi rade kao stalni bioskopi, ljetne bioskopske bate i pokretni (putujui) bioskopi.
Stalni bioskopi prikazuju filmove u odreenoj stalnoj sali. Ako bioskop ima dvije sale opremljene
za prikazivanje filmova (kinoprojektor, platno i sjedita), svaka sala se smatra posebnim
bioskopom.
Ljetna bioskopska bata se smatra bioskopom ukoliko je opremljena sopstvenim ureajima za
prikazivanje filmova, bilo da je samostalna ili u sastavu stalnog bioskopa.
Pokretnim (putujuim) bioskopom smatra se bioskop koji ide iz mjesta u mjesto i prikazuje
filmove u sali ili na otvorenom prostoru.
Bioskopska predstava je javno prikazivanje filmskog programa (projekcija dugometranog ili
kratkometranog domaeg i stranog filma).
4. POZORITA
Djeije pozorite je kulturno-umjetnika ustanova koja daje predstave za djecu. Moe biti
samostalno ili u sastavu drugog preduzea -ustanove.
Profesionalno pozorite je samostalna kulturno-umjetnika ustanova sa stalnim profesionalnim
umjetnikim ansamblom. Amatersko pozorite je kulturno-umjetnika ustanova u ijem su
ansamblu preteno glumci amateri.
____________________________________
5. BIBLIOTEKE
Biblioteka je sreena zbirka tampanog, pisanog ili drugim sredstvima umnoenog materijala
(knjige, broure) i drugih dokumenata ukljuujui i grafike, audio vizuelne, koji su pristupani
stanovnitvu.
Knjini fond biblioteke obuhvata sve knjige, broure, listove(novine), asopise i rukopise
registrovane u bibliotekama.
Neknjini fond biblioteka obuhvata plakate, letke, mape, slike, muzikalije, djela za slijepe, audio
vizuelni materijal i sl.
Obraeni fond je struno obraena biblioteka graa stavljena na raspolaganje korisnicima.
NOTES ON METHODOLOGY
1. DATA SOURCE
Data published in this bulletin are result of aggregation of data from regular statistical activities
of the entities statistical offices in the fields of culture, art and information.
2. RADIO AND TELEVISION
Radio and television stations are enterprises or units within other enterprises that broadcast
programme intended for public trough their transmitters.
Local radio and television stations broadcast the programme intended to the public in local area.
3. CINEMATOGRAPHY
Cinema is a hall or an open space equipped with devices for public projection of films.
Cinemas work as regular cinemas, open summer cinemas or mobile (travelling) cinemas.
Regular cinemas perform film projections in a regular particular hall. If a cinema has two halls
equipped for film projections (film projector, screen and seats), each hall is considered a separate
cinema.
Open summer cinema is considered a cinema provided it is equipped with its own devices for film
projection, irrespective of being independent or within a regular cinema.
Mobile (travelling) cinema is considered a cinema that travels from place to place and projects
films in a hall or in the open.
____________________________________
Cinema projection is a public projection of film programme (projection of feature or short films,
domestic or foreign).
4. THEATRES
Children's theatre is a cultural art institution which offers performances for children. It can be
independent or in composition of another enterprise - institution.
Professional theatre is an independent cultural art institution with permanent professional art
ensemble.
Amateur theatre is a cultural art institution, which ensemble is mainly comprised of amateur
actors.
5. LIBRARIES
Library is an organized collection of printed, written or in another way reproduced materials
(books, brochures) and other documents, including graphical and audio-visual material, available
to public.
Book fund of a library includes all books, brochures, papers (newspapers), magazines,
irrespective of being independent or in composition of another library or institution, i.e.
enterprise.
Non-book library fund includes placards, flyers, maps, pictures, musical material, editions for the
blinds, audio-visual, etc.
Processed fund is professionally processed library materials available to users.
____________________________________
10
1. RADIO I TV STANICE
RADIO AND TV STATIONS
664
630
631
520
588
569
208
162
183
162
156
161
549
414
459
346
359
355
Ostali
Others
104
103
93
83
97
90
Administrativno osoblje
Administration
Tehniko i drugo
osoblje
Technical and other
staff
1.880
1.577
1.619
1.335
1.490
1.442
Spikeri i lektori
Speakers and lectors
208
199
228
235
247
270
Novinari
Journalists
123
117
112
114
114
119
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Broj stanica
Number of stations
206
176
180
170
203
190
149
92
73
54
87
77
Grafikon / Graph 1
2.000
Broj stanica
Number of stations
1.800
Broj radio predajnika
Number of radio transmitters
1.600
Ukupan broj radnika
Total number of workers
1.400
1.200
Umjetniko osoblje
Art staff
1.000
Novinari
Journalists
800
Spikeri i lektori
Speakers and lectors
600
400
Administrativno osoblje
Administration
200
Ostali
Others
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
____________________________________
11
Kulturno
umjetniki,nauni,dramski
program
Cultural-artistic,scientific,drama
programme
Zabavni program
Entertainment programme
Muziki program
Musical programme
Sportski program
Sport
Komercijalni program
Commercial programme
Ostali
Others
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Informativno dokumentarni
program
Informative-documentary programme
121.127
121.170
146.187
147.157
147.010
146.490
30.516
32.392
31.596
31.301
33.404
34.455
87.766
80.365
85.413
94.536
93.377
87.565
34.805
30.808
30.431
33.769
35.736
35.577
306.888
265.218
274.551
304.749
307.396
328.362
20.295
19.176
22.155
23.360
23.978
24.316
70.343
58.312
63.514
65.669
61.158
63.022
11.933
14.073
11.728
11.019
15.664
15.685
Grafikon / Graph 2
Vrste emitovanog programa
Type of broadcasted programme
Informativno dokumentarni program
Informative-documentary programme
350.000
Kulturno umjetniki,nauni,dramski
program
Cultural-artistic,scientific,drama
programme
Zabavni program
Entertainment programme
300.000
250.000
200.000
Djeiji, omladinski i obrazovni program
Educational and programme for
children and youth
Muziki program
Musical programme
150.000
100.000
Sportski program
Sport
50.000
Komercijalni program
Commercial programme
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Ostali
Others
____________________________________
12
462
457
594
547
610
604
77
83
94
73
64
61
897
703
1.343
907
977
585
Ostali
Others
125
97
228
237
331
198
Administrativni radnici
Administration
Tehniko i drugo
osoblje
Technical and other
staff
1.891
1.590
2.626
2.350
2.648
1.809
Spikeri i lektori
Speakers and lectors
96
96
115
139
173
193
Novinari
Journalists
37
37
33
36
36
37
Broj TV predajnika
Number of TV transmitters
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Broj stanica
Number of stations
184
165
257
313
330
176
146
85
110
273
336
185
Grafikon / Graph 3
3.000
Broj stanica
Number of stations
2.500
Broj TV predajnika
Number of TV transmitters
2.000
1.500
Spikeri i lektori
Speakers and lectors
1.000
Administrativni radnici
Administration
Ostali
Others
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
____________________________________
13
Dokumentarni i nauno
kulturni program
Documentary and scientificcultural programme
Igrani program
Fiction programme
Zabavni program
Entertainment programme
Muziki program
Musical programme
Obrazovni program
Education programme
Program za djecu i
omladinu
Programme for children and
youth
Sportski program
Sport
Komercijalni program
Commercial programme
Ostali
Others
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Informativni program
Informative programme
23.457
27.187
30.643
32.469
34.597
34.704
9.015
10.140
9.865
10.806
10.693
11.245
32.418
36.452
30.516
32.081
33.911
41.538
7.513
10.477
10.294
11.969
13.595
16.379
17.081
15.965
14.082
15.837
15.695
16.016
4.782
6.231
6.624
5.672
6.375
6.478
5.320
6.058
7.138
8.933
8.171
8.887
7.057
7.901
9.466
8.661
10.547
9.827
4.199
4.503
6.527
10.123
8.173
16.161
10.324
9.849
10.220
8.120
8.959
8.005
Grafikon / Graph 4
4.Emitovani program TV stanica u asovima
Broadcasted TV station programme, in hours
45.000
Informativni program
Informative programme
40.000
35.000
Igrani program
Fiction programme
30.000
Zabavni program
Entertainment programme
25.000
Muziki program
Musical programme
20.000
Obrazovni program
Education programme
15.000
10.000
Sportski program
Sport
Komercijalni program
Commercial programme
5.000
Ostali
Others
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
____________________________________
14
2. KINEMATOGRAFIJA
CINEMATOGRAPHY
5.Bioskopi, predstave, posjetioci i zaposleni
Cinemas, projections, attendance and employees
Domaih filmova
Domestic films
Stranih filmova
Foreign films
Ukupno
Total
Domaih filmova
Domestic films
Stranih filmova
Foreign films
Po jednoj predstavi
Per performance
Ukupno
Total
Kino operatori
Cinema operators
Zaposleni
Employees
Ukupno
Total
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Posjetioci
Attendance
Bioskopi
Cinemas
Predstave
Projections
51
51
54
48
53
58
11.345
10.475
11.162
9.614
10.606
10.104
553
510
556
1.966
1.763
2.083
10.792
9.965
10.606
7.648
8.843
8.021
612.040
775.276
694.789
643.009
561.342
383.994
41.074
105.287
59.403
205.618
167.043
117.525
570.966
669.989
635.386
437.391
394.299
266.469
107
152
127
133
102
74
194
201
211
173
211
226
48
53
54
47
55
60
____________________________________
15
3. POZORITA
THEATRES
6.Pozorita, predstave, posjetioci i zaposleni u BiH ( ukupno )
Theatres, performances,attendance and employees in BiH ( total )
Posjetioci
Attendance
Pozorita Predstave
Theatres Performances
Ukupno
Total
Zaposleni
Employees
Po jednoj
predstavi Ukupno Umjetnici Ostali
Others
Total
Artists
Per
performance
Djeija
pozorita
Children`s
theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
3
3
4
4
4
4
393
424
512
491
644
716
57.295
74.801
95.656
99.064
124.223
134.418
316
360
410
420
416
407
52
57
89
90
97
102
25
26
38
41
45
47
27
31
51
49
52
55
Profesionalna
pozorita
Professional
theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
9
9
8
8
9
10
762
740
673
664
1.160
1.135
177.002
160.077
169.539
152.814
504.026
452.252
428
428
492
486
654
602
575
552
499
515
542
579
234
225
207
223
249
263
341
327
292
292
293
316
Amaterska
pozorita
Amateur
theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
7
6
7
5
5
6
156
244
211
128
79
88
39.015
52.077
64.031
32.184
14.801
17.585
449
391
651
500
362
447
137
281
282
220
197
202
113
254
222
200
174
171
24
27
60
20
23
31
Eksperimentalna
pozorita
Experimental
theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1
1
1
1
1
0
22
48
33
12
11
0
1.835
6.405
3.985
2.390
995
0
83
133
121
199
90
0
4
4
4
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
4
4
4
0
____________________________________
16
Predstave
Performances
Posjetioci
Attendance
Predstave
Performances
Posjetioci
Attendance
Predstave
Performances
Posjetioci
Attendance
Premijera
Premiere
Obnovljena predstava
Restaged performance
Raniji repertoar
Past repertoire
Ostalo
Other
Posjetioci
Attendance
Balet
Ballet
Predstave
Performances
Drama
Drama
Djeija
pozorita
Children`s
theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
4
1
136
89
70
62
10.880
7.261
25.772
16.410
26.860
32.083
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
247
269
262
276
396
465
46.415
67.540
69.884
82.654
97.363
102.335
15
7
10
21
9
12
3
0
3
1
2
3
7
14
16
14
18
19
Profesionalna
pozorita
Profession
al theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
538
470
434
457
931
394
144.872
128.773
123.501
118.412
458.880
116.585
12
29
15
17
29
26
4.090
8.881
5.520
10.014
11.327
11.658
36
22
18
22
22
23
6.530
5.337
3.033
4.597
7.143
5.672
107
98
88
97
117
581
21.510
17.086
37.485
19.791
26.676
314.287
51
38
45
32
48
47
1
4
2
2
4
7
48
56
51
45
41
44
Amaterska
pozorita
Amateur
theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
111
197
146
94
37
37
38.465
45.087
46.851
28.444
11.651
12.965
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
27
34
21
23
28
550
6.990
17.180
3.740
3.150
4.620
11
30
13
16
13
11
1
1
3
0
0
0
9
9
12
4
3
7
Eksperime
ntalna
pozorita
Experiment
al theatres
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
13
48
33
9
11
0
1.835
6.405
3.985
1.535
995
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
855
0
0
13
11
9
9
11
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
0
0
____________________________________
17
4. BIBLIOTEKE
LIBRARIES
Biblioteke prema organizacionom sastavu i nainu korienja bibliotekog
materijala
Libraries by organisational structure and mode of library material use
iroj javnosti
broad public
itaonicu
reading-room
pokretne biblioteke
mobile libraries
39
41
44
46
47
47
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Biblioteke koje
imaju
Libraries which have
Ukupno
Total
Biblioteke pristupane
Libraries accessible to
samostalne
independent
Organizacioni sastav
Organisational structure
34
35
37
39
39
40
5
6
7
7
8
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
39
41
44
45
46
46
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
36
37
39
42
45
44
1
1
0
0
0
0
38
40
43
45
46
46
651.854
626.370
634.561
639.835
667.528
709.906
47.955
60.507
45.388
48.814
47.579
50.879
293.385
285.032
264.461
300.626
387.841
452.648
2.681
2.070
1.804
2.007
2.113
433
broj biblioteka
number of libraries
van biblioteke
out of the
library
1.243
1.044
1.472
1.259
1.070
1.326
van biblioteke
out of the
library
u biblioteci
in the library
72.177
67.612
66.952
57.503
55.774
67.690
korisnici
users
u biblioteci
in the library
broj knjiga
number of books
1
1
1
1
1
1
Djeije odjeljenje
Children s section
broj knjiga
number of books
broj biblioteka
number of libraries
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
korisnici
users
Narodna biblioteka
Public libraries
broj biblioteka
number of libraries
33
34
35
38
38
39
238.924
246.642
202.215
259.654
268.209
263.177
*Data tabela se odnosi samo na Republiku Srpsku. Zbog razliitih metodolokih pristupa koji se primjenjuju u
entitetskim zavodima nije mogue agregirati podatke o bibliotekama za BiH.
*Data refer only to Republic of Srpska. It is not possible to aggregate data on libraries on the BiH level, because of the
different methodological approachs of the Entitie's Statistical Offices.
____________________________________
18
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
39
41
44
46
47
47
514.204
534.221
471.732
494.845
530.893
536.413
816.522
870.404
903.487
959.423
1.074.193
1.046.003
19041.0
20568.9
19725.7
21673.5
21124.3
19.810
645
808
883
471
483
782
duina
zapremlj
Ukupno
enih
broj
broj
broj
Total
polica u
naslova
naslova primjeraka
metrima
number
number of number of
taken
of titles
titles
copies
shelves
length in
metres
Knjige i broure
Books and brochures
asopisi
Magazines
Rukopisi
Manuscripts
9.618
15.119
15.600
18.421
14.779
16.909
156.9
238.6
273.5
258.1
213.8
234
2.563
5.449
4.344
3.561
4.216
6.901
23.151
25.050
26.297
26.138
29.170
30.581
470.2
486.2
484.1
405.7
429.9
438
55
75
101
121
122
134
48
62
100
133
137
121
4
5
6
6
5
6
duina
duina
duina
zapremljeni
zapremljenih
broj
broj
zapremljenih
broj
broj
broj
h polica u
polica u
naslova primjeraka
polica u
naslova primjeraka
primjeraka
metrima
number number of metrima taken number of number of metrima taken
number of
taken
titles
copies
copies
of titles
copies
shelves length
shelves length
shelves
in metres
in metres
length in
metres
Listovi ( novine )
Newspapers
*Data tabela se odnosi samo na Republiku Srpsku. Zbog razliitih metodolokih pristupa koji se primjenjuju u entitetskim zavodima nije mogue agregirati
podatke o bibliotekama za BiH.
*Data refer only to Republic of Srpska. It is not possible to aggregate data on libraries on the BiH level, because of the different methodological approachs of the Entitie's
Statistical Offices.
____________________________________
19
mikro
oblici
micro
forms
film i video
vizuelna
snimci
graa
film and
visual
video
material
recordings
zvuni
vizuelna
ostalo
snimci
projekcija
other
audio
visual
projection recordings
2000
39
151
125
1.007
21
68
836
2001
41
155
132
1.353
21
80
843
2002
44
164
136
3.454
105
85
582
2003
46
168
150
9.706
105
101
583
2004
47
207
144
3.665
111
139
576
2005
47
64
201
3.886
108
219
575
*Data tabela se odnosi samo na Republiku Srpsku. Zbog razliitih metodolokih pristupa koji se
primjenjuju u entitetskim zavodima nije mogue agregirati podatke o bibliotekama za BiH.
*Data refer only to Republic of Srpska. It is not possible to aggregate data on libraries on the BiH level,
because of the different methodological approachs of the Entitie's Statistical Offices.
____________________________________
20
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
288
313
303
317
326
330
191
206
195
204
218
222
3
1
2
1
2
1
71
71
70
77
88
91
117
134
123
126
128
130
97
107
108
113
108
108
7
12
12
13
14
11
svega
all
2
0
2
4
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
2
2
2
0
0
2
0
3
ostali
others
ukupno
total
savjetnici
advisers
vii bibliotekari i bibliotekari
senior librarians and
librarians
vii knjiniari i knjiniari
senior assistant librarians
and assistant librarians
svega
all
ostali
others
ukupno
total
savjetnici
advisers
vii bibliotekari i bibliotekari
senior librarians and
librarians
vii knjiniari i knjiniari
senior assistant librarians
and assistant librarians
Zaposleni u bibliotekama
Employees in libraries
5
12
10
9
12
6
3
3
2
2
2
3
Grafikon / Graph 5
Zaposleni u bibliotekama sa punim radnim vremenom
Employees in libraries working full-time
160
savjetnici advisers
140
120
100
80
60
40
ostali others
20
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
*Data tabela se odnosi samo na Republiku Srpsku. Zbog razliitih metodolokih pristupa koji se
primjenjuju u entitetskim zavodima nije mogue agregirati podatke o bibliotekama za BiH.
*Data refer only to Republic of Srpska. It is not possible to aggregate data on libraries on the BiH level,
because of the different methodological approachs of the Entitie's Statistical Offices.
____________________________________
21
2001
2004
98
92
Korisnici
Users
Broj sjedala
Number of
seats
Mjesta za
rad
Working
places
lanovi
Members
2.203
1.968
1.949
1.338
128.001
106.449
Van
U biblioteci biblioteke
In library
Out of
library
137.233
140.516
198.200
403.710
Zaposleni
Employees
390
379
Nacionalna,
visokokolske,
specijalne
National, higher
education, specialised
712
750
4.880
5.268
36
31
Javne
Public
kolske
School libraries
Knjige u
000
Books in
000
Biblioteke
Libraries
Knjige u
000
Books in
000
Biblioteke
Libraries
Knjige u
000
Books in
000
781
624
62
61
970
1.020
614
658
3.129
3.624
*Data tabela se odnosi samo na FBiH. Podaci o bibliotekama se u FBiH prikupljaju trogodinje. Zbog
razliitih metodolokih pristupa koji se primjenjuju u entitetskim zavodima nije mogue agregirati
podatke o bibliotekama. za BiH.
*Data refers only to FBiH. Data on libraries are collecting every third year. It is not possible to aggregate data
on libraries on the BiH level, because of the different methodological approachs of the Entitie's Statistical
Offices.
____________________________________
22
Ukupno
Total
Nacionalna
National
Javne
Public
Visokokolske
Higher
education
Specijalne
Specialised
Ukupno
Total
Knjige i lanci
Books and pamphlets
2004
2001
2004
2001
20.501
1.073.562
1.080.658
556
4.032
7.210
752.019
751.890
12.051
187.086
684
134.457
2004
Novine, asopisi i
rukopisi
Newspapers,
magazines and
manuscripts
2001
2004
41.136
49.178
3.761
271
750.081
749.495
1.938
2.395
191.547
176.182
176.957
10.904
14.590
133.189
106.163
101.267
28.294
31.922
1.032.426 1.031.480
KORITENJE GRAE
USING MATERIALS
Vrste
biblioteka
Type of
libraries
Ukupno
Total
Nacionalna
National
Javne
Public
Visokokolske
Higher
education
Specijalne
Specialised
Knjige i lanci
Books and pamphlets
Novine, asopisi i
rukopisi
Newspapers, magazines
and manuscripts
Neknjina graa
Other library
materials
2001
2004
2001
2004
2001
2004
769.431
1.051.471
98.059
89.118
920
2.103
8.000
10.000
2.040
742
20
632.476
976.038
70.546
62.875
648
1.470
124.155
55.451
18.924
22.565
168
621
4.800
9.982
6.549
2.936
84
12
*Data tabela se odnosi samo na FBiH. Podaci o bibliotekama se u FBiH prikupljaju trogodinje.
Zbog razliitih metodolokih pristupa koji se primjenjuju u entitetskim zavodima nije mogue
agregirati podatke o bibliotekama za BiH.
*Data refers only to FBiH. Data on libraries are collecting every third year. It is not possible to aggregate
data on libraries on the BiH level, because of the different methodological approachs of the Entitie's
____________________________________
23