Prerana Kiran

5.2 Notes: Electron Configuration and the Periodic Table

Notes
Periods and Sublevels:
Period #
# elements

Sublevel
Fill order
1s
2s 2p
3s 3p
4s 3d 4p
5s 4d 5p
6s 4f 5d 6p
7s 5f 6d 7p

1
2
2
8
3
8
4
18
5
18
6
32
7
32
Group 1 and 2: S block
Group 13-18: P block
Transition metals: D block
Lanthanide and Actinide: F block

S BLOCK ELEMENTS (1/2)

- Reactive metals, 1 > 2
- hVery easy to lose 1 electron
- Group 1 (ns1), Group 2 (ns2)
- Alkali not found pure in nature b/c
reactive so in compounds
- w/ nonmetals and water to form
H gas and aqueous alakalis
(solutions). Stored in kerosene
- down column = lower melting pt
- alkaline earth metals are harder,
denser, and stronger w/ higher
melting points. Also too reactive
- Hydrogen and Helium exceptions
D BLOCK 3-12
- Group 3: (n-1)d1ns2
- Group 12: (n-1)d10ns2
- Groups 4-11 fill up oddly, but
number of d electrons = number of

Definitions
Periods: rows of a periodic table
Groups: Columns of a periodic table

Alkali metals: group 1

Alkaline Earth metals: group 2
Transition metals: typical metallic
properties in d blck
Main group elements: s group and p
group as a whole
Halogens: group 12 elements

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group
- Less reactive, ie Palladium,
platinum, and gold, rarely comp.
P BLOCK 13-18
- All contain 2 electrons in ns level
- Group 13: ns2np1
- Group 14: ns2np1
- Rest: ns2np1-6
- All nonmetals besides h and he
- 6 metalloids (B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te)
- 8 metals also
- Halogens most reactive nonmetals,
react vigorously w/ most metals and
form salts
- Metals of p block harder and denser
than s block, but less than d block,
usually found as compounds. Stable
in air
F BLACK ELEMENTS
- Fill 4 f orbitals
- Lanthanides shiny metals w/
alkaline earth reactivity
- Actinides first 4 elements natural
Summary: There are four groups based on spdf in the periodic table of elements.
The most reactive are the first and second to last groups. They have special names.