Leading the world of filtration

Battling bacteria
Using membranes in
pharma applications

Also:
• What is nanofiltration?
• A look at depth filtration
• Pharma industry overview

October 2008 www.filtsep.com

 Editorial 1
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Adapting the basics

Leading the world of filtration

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 Leading the world of filtration

Using membranes
18-21
as a sterile filter The latest industry news
medium in pharma 4-10
applications

25-27
A closer look at
depth filtration

Contents • Features
Filtration industry overview: World pharmaceutical and
• Editorial 1 biopharmaceutical market 2008 22
Adapting the basics Karen Vacura of McIlvaine Company looks at the 2008 market data
for the pharmaceutical filtration market, including the spread of
• Industry news 4 technologies used in the industry.

• Technology news 10 Filtration overview: A closer look at depth filtration 25

Ken Sutherland looks at the characteristics of depth filtration, at
• Cover story 18 the range of equipment used to implement it, and how it is used.

Membranes and filtration: Membrane filtration in the
biopharm industry
Mandar Dixit of Sartorius Stedim Biotech explains the usage and
importance of membranes as a sterile form of filter media in the
biopharmaceutical industries.
Biopharmaceutical technology: Cell harvesting –
getting cultural 29
The harvesting of mammalian cells is one of the growth areas in
biopharm production. Peter Rose of Alfa Laval looks at the role a
centrifuge plays in the process.

Filtration+Separation October 2008

 Contents 3

29-31

Getting cultural – cell 40-41

Sieving metal
harvesting with a powders
centrifuge
14

42-43 Decontaminating
wastewater

32-35 What is nanofiltration?

sieving, a producer of materials for the chemical and medical industries

Developments in filtration: What is nanofiltration? 32 turned to ultrasonic deblinding.
A relatively new development in membrane processes, this article takes
a look at the rapidly expanding field of nanofiltration, its characteristics Decontaminating wastewater: Improving
and its applications. decontamination in wastewater 42
A Mexican power plant was in need of a system that would effectively
and efficiently treat its secondary wastewater stream. What would be
• Show preview 36 the solution?
WEFTEC 2008: Chicago
Filtration+Separation magazine looks at the forthcoming WEFTEC event
in Chicago, and speaks to some of the exhibitors about their products.
What new products will be launched at the event?
• Diary dates 48
• Applications • Product Finder 44
Sieving metal powders: Using ultrasonic deblinding
to sieve powders 40
Looking to remove contaminants and reduce particle sizes through • Advertisers’ Index 48

Dates to remember
• 30 September – 3 October • 18-22 October
Aquatech, Amsterdam, Netherlands WEFTEC 2008, Chicago, USA

• 7-8 October • 28 October

Filtrex, Cologne, Germany Filter Testing and Standards, Chester, UK

Filtration+Separation November
October 20082006
4 Industry news
Filtration+Separation October 2008

In brief
Sweco has appointed
Dow teams up with
David M. Sorter as the new
company president. Sorter will
lead the industrial businesses
of Sweco and United Wire, as
universities to develop
well as the ES manufacturing
operations.

Sorter joined Sweco in

RO membranes
June 1993 as manager of
University of Texas campus,
manufacturing engineering.
Austin, USA.
His most recent position
was director of global
manufacturing operations.

www.sweco.com

Thermo Fisher Scientific

has acquired AquaSensors,
LLC. AquaSensors will be
integrated into Thermo
Fisher’s Water Analysis
Instruments business (WAI),
part of the Environmental
Instruments division.

AquaSensors will complement

Thermo Fisher’s existing
capabilities in water markets
for laboratory electrodes and
online analysers.

www.aquasensors.com

Impax Group plc, the

specialist environmental
investment company, and
global index company,
FTSE Group have teamed
up to launch the FTSE
Environmental Opportunities
All-Share Index.
This new index, made up
of 450 constituents, will
cover water treatment and
pollution control, waste
technologies, and alternative
energy and energy efficiency.
It is one of a series of
environmental indices
that Impax and FTSE are
currently developing together.
Selected constituents must
demonstrate that a minimum
of 20% of their business
comes from environmental
markets or technologies.
The index will include these
companies and offers a
broader environmental
exposure opportunity to
investors.
www.impax.co.uk
Dow Water Solutions has
agreed to a multi-year joint
development partnership with
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University (Virginia
Tech) and University of Texas
(UT), Austin, USA. Dow will
collaborate with Virginia Tech
and UT on the research and
development of oxidation-
resistant reverse osmosis (RO)
membranes.
MBR-Network draws European
research projects to a conclusion
The two European research
projects ‘Amedeus’ and
‘Eurombra’ of the coalition
‘MBR-Network’ will be
concluded in 2009 after more
than three years of intensive
activity. The most prominent
of these projects, which
are dedicated to progress
and advances of the MBR
technology for municipal
wastewater treatment, will be
This joint partnership will tackle
one of the toughest technical
challenges in the water desalination
industry, developing oxidation-
resistant, or chlorine-resistant,
RO membranes that will simplify
the water treatment process and
convert highly-contaminated
waters into potable water sources.
David Klanecky, global director of
research and development, Dow
Water Solutions, commented:
presented in a two-day workshop
endorsed by the International
Water Association.
Results of fundamental and
applied research, as well as
technological breakthroughs
achieved by the project
partners in the field of the
MBR technology, will be
unveiled during presentations.
A dedicated poster session
“Over the past five years,
we’ve invested significantly in
innovation to provide sustainable
water in a more efficient and
cost-effective manner. This joint
partnership is yet another example
of how we strategically collaborate
and combine our expertise with
that of innovative leaders to drive
growth and bring solutions to our
customers around the world.”
www.dow.com
will also be included in the
workshop programme.
The final MBR-Network
workshop will take place on 31
March-1 April next year, during
international conference and
exhibition Wasser Berlin. Held
in Berlin, Germany, this event
concentrates on water and
wastewater treatment.
www.mbr-network.eu
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Operators of a submerged MBR system could be facing the
following working conditions:
following working conditions on a regular basis:

• No direct contact with sludge

• Direct physical contact with sludge
• Controlled air conditions
• Inhalation of aerosols or toxic fumes
• Clean working environment
• Working inside sludge tanks
• Automatic removal of hair and lint
• Frequent manual removal of hair and lint

No doubts. Norit. Just proof. www.xflow.com

6 Industry news
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Peerless
subsidiaries win
two contracts
Chinese nuclear
for separation
equipment
Peerless Europe Limited and
power plant uses inge
Burgess-Manning Europe Ltd,
both subsidiaries of Peerless Mfg
Co, have been awarded contracts
worth US$8 million to design and
ultrafiltration modules
Inge watertechnologies AG, energy, in addition to the existing day and treated to attain the
supply filtration and separation, has won a contract to equip the eleven power plants currently quality required for cooling water
and industrial silencing Hongyanhe nuclear power plant feeding the grid. purposes in the power plant.
equipment. with ultrafiltration modules.
Inge will supply Hongyanhe with Inge watertechnologies recently
Peerless Europe Ltd was awarded The plant is currently under
its dizzer 5000plus modules, each outfitted Beijing International
a US$2 million contract to construction in the Liaoning
rated for a treatment output of Airport with its ultrafiltration
supply gas/liquid separation province about 100 km from the
up to 5.0 m3/h. It is planned to technology for wastewater
equipment for application in the port of Dalian, China.
install several hundred modules treatment, ensuring this was in
cryogenic liquefaction cycle of an Hongyanhe is one of six plants to be used in combination with place in time for the Beijing
LNG plant in Algeria. Burgess- currently under construction in reverse osmosis for seawater
Manning Europe Ltd was awarded Olympics.
China, aiming to help meet the desalination. Up to 26,000 m3 of
a US$3.6 million contract to country’s surging demand for seawater will be desalinated every www.inge.ag
design and supply separation
systems for a gas pipeline
extension project in Algeria.
Burgess-Manning Europe has also
been awarded a contract valued at
GE busy at Beijing Olympic games
approximately US$2.3 million for
GE’s filtration technology was in use
pressure relief and start-up vent
at the Beijing National Stadium.
valve silencers for a gas to liquids
project in Qatar.
www.peerlessmfg.com

US city
installs second
Siemens
SCADA system
Siemens Water Technologies will
provide Meriden, Connecticut,
USA, with a second Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) system, valued at
US$1.3 million. The city’s latest
system, to be installed as part of
an upgrade at its 11.6 mgd water
pollution control facility, will be
compatible with the SCADA
system supplied by Siemens to GE exceeded its sales goal for the technology for safe drinking water tons/day of treated water, enough
Meriden’s water division facilities Beijing Olympics, after winning and rainwater recycling at the to fill 37 Olympic-sized swimming
back in 2002. Once the new 400 infrastructure projects in National Stadium. pools, and the water will support
SCADA system comes online and around Beijing, estimated industrial operations of the
in early 2010, Siemens says it In addition to providing two
to generate US$700 million in Tangshan Nanbao economic
will allow the city to control and different water treatment
revenues, making the Beijing development zone. GE water
monitor 1,550 process-related technologies to the National
Games the most successful in GE’s filtration technologies were also
database points, and make Stadium, GE has been providing
in place at the Qinghe wastewater
history. GE managed projects in reverse osmosis membrane
informed decisions regarding the recycling project to process
all 37 competition venues and also technologies for the Tangshan
operation of the pollution control 80,000 m3/day of wastewater to be
168 commercial buildings in and Nanpu Wastewater Reclamation recycled for landscaping purposes
facility, therefore improving the
around Beijing. Several projects Project, located east of Beijing in
facility’s effluent. during the Beijing games.
featured technological firsts the North China Plain. The plant
www.water.siemens.com for China, including filtration will produce more than 93,000 www.ge.com
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8 Industry news
Alfa Laval acquires
separation company
Alfa Laval Group has acquired
Hutchison Hayes Separation, a
provider of separation equipment,
parts and services, mainly to the
US energy related industries.
In acquiring Hutchison Hayes, Alfa
Laval Group is adding a new sales
Ahlstrom acquires remaining
share of joint venture in Brazil
São Paolo, Brazil, near to the Jacarei facility now owned by Ahlstrom.
Ahlstrom will acquire the
remaining 40% of the joint
venture formed with Votorantim
Celulose e Papel (VCP) in
September 2007. The production
facility located in Jacarei, Brazil,
manufactures specialty papers,
and Ahlstrom now owns 100% of
the shares. The acquisition is in
line with Ahlstrom’s strategy to
expand its operations in the fast-
growing markets in Brazil, Russia,
channel for centrifugal separation
equipment and service. Hutchison
Hayes will operate as a separate
organisation and be consolidated in
the Alfa Laval Group.
In other company news, Alfa
Laval has received an order for
India and China. The price for
the acquisition is 28 million.
The assets in the joint venture
comprise a paper machine, and
offline coater and extensive
finishing equipment at the
Jacarei plant, close to São
Paolo. The annual net sales are
approximately 100 million.
www.ahlstrom.com
plate heat exchangers from a
company based in Russia.
The order value is worth
approximately SEK50 million and
delivery is scheduled for 2009.
www.alfalaval.com
IWA
announces
Project
Innovation
Award winners
The International Water
Association (IWA) has
announced the winners of the
Project Innovation Award
Programme (PIA) 2008.
Established to recognise
excellence and innovation
in water engineering projects
throughout the world, the
programme’s goal is in keeping
with the IWA’s mission of
“connecting water professionals
worldwide to lead the
development of effective and
sustainable approaches to water
management.”
The awards consist of five
categories, which are applied
research, planning, design,
operations/management, and
small projects.
The winners were presented
with their awards during the
IWA World Water Congress
and Exhibition held in Vienna
in September, and among them
were Brown and Caldwell, in
the applied research category,
for its biosolids treatment
process, and Joe Brown and
Mark Sobsey, University of
North Carolina, were recognised
in the small project category,
for their easy household-scale
filtration for Cambodia.
The awards are sponsored by
Black & Veatch.
www.iwa2008vienna.org
Filtration+Separation October 2008
Financial results
and new company
branding for
Polymer
Polymer Group Inc (PGI) has
announced results from operations
for the second quarter. The
company highlighted that sales
continued to reach record levels
during the quarter, up 7.3% to
US$290.9 million over the second
quarter of 2007 and up 4.9% for the
first six months compared to the
same period of the prior year. Gross
profit improved 6.9% over the first
quarter of 2008 and 3.6% over
the prior year period to US$45.9
million for the quarter. Net income
for the second quarter improved
to US$2.4 million versus the 2007
amount of US$1.2 million.
In other company news, PGI has
launched a new logo and revamped
its website. On of the news features
on the company website is the
Innovation Lab, an interactive tool
for customers to match the best
PGI solution to their needs. The
company is also rebranding itself
as PGI.
www.polymergroupinc.com
Bosch
launches
filtration
business
unit
The Bosch Group has formed
Filtration Americas, a new
regional business unit to be
led by David Sholtis as vice
president and regional business
unit leader. Sholtis comes
to Bosch from Honeywell
International where he served for
13 years.
Sholtis will be responsible for the
filtration business in both North
America and Latin America,
including strategy formulation,
support coordination, and
coordination of the Bosch Group
and MANN+HUMMEL joint
venture – Purolator Filters NA
LLC.
www.bosch.com
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10 Industry news
MANN+HUMMEL establishes new
filtration company in China
MANN+HUMMEL is set to
establish a new company in
China. Located in Jiading, a
district of Shanghai with one
of the largest automotive parts
parks in Asia, the new company
and production facility will
cover an area of 60,000 m2. The
new company, which will mainly
manufacture filter systems and
filters for the automotive OEM
and aftermarket, is expected
to break ground in January
2009 while the production
facility will be in place by
January 2010. It will also be
MANN+HUMMEL’s China
headquarters and the base of its
Asian research and development
centre.
“China has become the second
largest car-producing nation
in the world. As a leader in
the automotive and industrial
filtration industry, we are
committed to serving the local
market with our industry-leading
technology and products,” said
Patrick Cudmore, managing
director of MANN+HUMMEL
China. “We choose Jiading
because it has a strong focus on
the automotive parts industry
and this new company will be
our base for future research
and development as well as for
future business development.”
www.mann-hummel.com
EPA prepares for awards and sets
new standards to reduce emissions
The US Environmental
Protection Agency and the Clean
Air Act Advisory Committee
(CAAAC) are preparing for the
9th Annual Clean Air Excellence
Awards Programme.
Winners will be honoured
for their outstanding
accomplishments in projects
or technologies that reduce air
pollution emissions. Applicants
will be judged in a number
of categories, including clean
air technology, community
development/redevelopment,
education/outreach, regulatory/
Shanghai, China, where
MANN+HUMMEL will set up its
new company.
policy innovations, and
transportation efficiency
innovations.
In addition, winners will be
recognised in two special award
categories. The Gregg Cooke
Visionary Program Award is
given to the air quality project
or program that successfully
blends two or more of the five
existing awards categories. The
Thomas W. Zosel Outstanding
Individual Achievement Award
recognises one individual for his
or her outstanding achievement,
leadership, and commitment to
promote clean air and achieve
better air quality. The awards
will be announced in spring
2009.
In other news, EPA has set strict
new standards for gas-powered
lawn equipment and marine
engines, hoping to reduce the
amount of gas fumes, carbon
monoxide, hydrocarbons and
smog-forming pollutants emitted
from a wide range of engines.
The regulations will take effect
between 2010 and 2011.
www.epa.gov
Filtration+Separation October 2008
Pall acquires
French
biotechnology
company
Pall Corporation has purchased
GeneSystems, a privately held
French biotechnology company
that has developed a cost-
effective molecular diagnostics
platform.
The acquisition of GeneSystems,
with its approach to rapid
microbiological detection
equipment and disposables,
expands Pall’s Total
Fluid ManagementSM
(TFM) capabilities in the
biopharmaceuticals process
monitoring market. The
acquisition also presents Pall
with new opportunities in
environmental, food and beverage
and water markets.
Process monitoring includes
the analytical tests required
during biopharmaceuticals
manufacturing for environmental
monitoring, in-process control
testing and finished product
release testing. These tests often
receive regulatory scrutiny and
support under initiatives such as
Process Analytical Technology
(PAT). Founded in 2000 in Bruz,
France, GeneSystems quickly
gained market recognition for its
quantitative Legionella diagnostic
platform. Since its first product
arrived on the market in 2004,
GeneSystems has developed
systems for the rapid and precise
diagnosis of a range of pathogens,
including food safety testing
focused on E. coli.
Eric Krasnoff, Pall Corporation
chairman and CEO commented:
“We are excited by this
acquisition and the increased
opportunities it presents for our
pharmaceutical, biotechnology,
environmental monitoring,
quality control and diagnostics
programs. Customers seek better
tools for rapid testing and process
monitoring. GeneSystems
expands our ability to provide
Total Fluid Management to
meet customer’s raw materials,
production, testing and
environmental requirements.”
www.pall.com
 A constant flow of fresh ideas.
© 2008 Ahlstrom Corporation

With Ahlstrom's help, water is cleaner, air is clearer, and engines are unpolluted.
Our latest investment is the DISRUPTOR™ nanolumina filter technology, which has
been proven to remove a wide range of contaminants from water. Other technologies
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www.ahlstrom.com Email: filtration@ahlstrom.com

12 Technology news
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Crossflow filtration system

for process development
Sartorius Stedim Biotech has
developed Sartoflow® Alpha
plus, a flexible modular benchtop
crossflow filtration system.
The Sartoflow® Alpha plus
provides semi-automatic micro,
ultra and diafiltration and is
especially suited for process
development, clinical testing and
smaller production processes. The
system can be adapted quickly and
easily to the changing production
demands of downstream processing
due to a choice of options.
According to Sartorius the
consistent modularity and
wide range of accessories such
as conductivity sensors, pH
electrodes, peristaltic pumps
and 21 CFR part 11 compliant
software, means the Sartoflow®
Alpha plus is adaptable to many
processes.
The SIP (steaming-in-place) The Sartoflow® Alpha plus,
module for thermal sterilisation a flexible modular benchtop
gives users the option to run all crossflow filtration system.
crossflow processes aseptically
and for such applications,
heat-resistant Sartocon® filter
cassettes are available along with
custom-built valves and sterile
connectors. This makes in situ
sterilisation of the entire system
possible.
The filter holder takes up to five
Sartocon® slice cassettes, each of
which has a filter surface of 0.1
m2 and hydrodynamic properties
which can be transferred to larger
cassettes in the Sartocon® family.
All available Sartoflow® Alpha
plus modules are designed for a
minimum recirculation volume of
300 ml.
www.sartorius.com

Backwashing filter with valve actuator technology

Cross Manufacturing has
introduced the Cross Phoenix
IQT, an in-line automatic
backwashing filter which
incorporates valve actuation
technologies.
The Cross Phoenix IQT combines
the mechanical benefits of the
Phoenix automatic water filter
with the advantages of the Rotork
IQT intelligent electric valve
actuator, providing self-contained
local and remote electrical control,
indication and diagnostics within
a double-sealed IP68 watertight
submersible enclosure.
The Phoenix IQT features secure,
non-intrusive point and shoot
commissioning and interrogation
The Cross Phoenix IQT combines the mechanical benefits of the Phoenix automatic water filter with the
by means of a hand held setting advantages of the Rotork IQT intelligent electric valve actuator.
tool. A menu display facilitates
filter settings and commissioning minimises the requirement for Profibus, Foundation Fieldbus, It is possible for many existing
and the integral actuator data routine maintenance. DeviceNet, Modbus and Pakscan. Phoenix filter installations to
logger records all settings and any be retrofitted with the IQT
historical data, including torque The filter can be specified for Automatic backwashing is
actuator upgrade. An onsite
profiles. Using the hand held tool, three-phase, single-phase or DC programmed with an adjustable
survey can determine if this is
this data can be downloaded for electrical power supplies to suit pressure differential switch and
an option.
diagnosis on a PC running Rotork’s existing site control systems. Digital achieved with the minimum
IQ Insight software, and therefore bus connectivity options encompass consumption of backwash water. www.crossmanufacturing.com
 Technology news 13
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Further investment in catalytic filters research

MemPro Ceramics Corp has been
awarded a US$500,000 grant from
the National Science Foundation
to continue development of a new
class of catalytic filters for pollution
control.
Initial research began in 1996 at
the University of Akron, Ohio,
USA, however MemPro began
product research in January 2007
and by February 2008 the company
became the university’s exclusive
licensee of the pollution control
technology. The university has
carried out tests and optimisation
of production techniques to make
ceramic nanofibres that hold tiny
particles of catalysts.
Catalysts are used to convert
hazardous gases from engine
exhaust into harmless components
of air – primarily oxygen and
nitrogen. They are also used by
the power generation industry to
reduce pollutants and to satisfy
air quality standards. MemPro
researchers realised that the small
amount of catalyst required in
the ceramic nanofibre format
could lead to lower cost catalytic
converters, potentially replacing
those now used in the automotive
industry. The company is
currently working with small scale
engineers in the outdoor power
equipment industry and large
power plants in the electric power
generation industry, to develop
new products for these industries.
The US$500,000 grant will fund
research costs until June 2010.
Alumina nanofibres holding platinum
www.mempro.com nanoparticles.

Faster flow
rates for sterile Please visit us at:
Aquatech Amsterdam: Stand 3.305 Hall 3
filtration Weftec 2008: Booth 13069 Hall C
Millipore Corp has announced
the expansion of its 33 mm
Sterile Millex family of syringe
filters, which it says includes
the fastest filters on the market.
Sterile syringe filters are used
Tubular Membrane MacroFlow™
universally for sterilising or Radial Cartridge Filter™
clarifying solutions, and are Module™ PTFE Cartridge
frequently used for sterile
cell culture and clinical
pharmaceutical applications.
The 33 mm Millex syringe
filters are available in 0.22
μm (GP) and 0.45 μm (HP)
pore sizes and deliver faster
filtration rates with low
protein-binding properties.
With 20% more surface area
than standard 25 mm devices,
the company says the Sterile
Superior Strength. Superior Filtration. Optimal Performance.
Millex family of filters offer a
higher process volume of 200 At Porex Filtration, we’ve found a multitude of answers to the
ml and a greater burst strength
(150 psig), allowing for high difficult challenges of solid/liquid separations. Using patented
operating pressure. Researchers and patent-pending technologies like the abrasion-resistant
often face filters bursting or
clogging, however without this Tubular Membrane Module, the backwashable Radial Cartridge
risk, researchers do not need to Filter and the easily-installed Macroflow PTFE Cartridge, our
use multiple filters per sample
structural filtration media is not only superior in design but also
or worry about incomplete
filtration. easily suits your application with a wide range of pore sizes
In addition to improving and filter configurations.
filtration throughput, the new
Millex filters also increase For more information go to www.porexfiltration.com or
experimental reproducibility. email us at info@porexfiltration.com.
Because 33 mm filters have a low
hold-up volume (less than 100
μL), there is minimal sample loss 500 Bohannon Rd., Fairburn, GA 30213 USA | T. +1 770.515.7700 | F. +1 770.515.7799
during filtration. PFD-042-080808-01

www.millipore.com
14 Technology news
New York Blood
Centre chooses Pall
filtration technology
Technology from Pall Life
Sciences will support New York
Blood Centre’s (NYBC) transition
to a new filtration system which
aims to improve efficiency when
removing white blood cells from
donated blood.
The Pall, Leukotrap® RC system
with RC2D filter, incorporates
leukoreduction, a process that
provides a blood product with
fewer white blood cells. NYBC
determined that Pall’s new in-
line filtration process will help
Filter tackles longwall contamination in mines
Schroeder Industries has
introduced the LW60 filter for
longwall contamination control.
Developed to overcome problems
caused by higher pump flows and
extend the pilot element’s service
life, the LW60 is beneficial for the
large longwall systems.
The LW60 consists of a single
filter housing aligned horizontally
with the fluid supply. By allowing
the centre effectively deliver
leukoreduced red blood cells
to meet increased hospital
demand. Blood collected by the
Pall Leukotrap RC System with
RC2D Filter can be stored up
to 72 hours at 1°C-6°C before
filtration, permitting greater
flexibility for staff scheduling. The
Pall RC2D filter design increases
the filtration surface area by
50% over single-sided filters. It
provides consistent performance
across a broad range of processing
The LW60 filter for longwall
contamination control filtration.
straight-through flow, Schroeder
says the design maximises efficiency
and minimises pressure drop, and
can clear any vertical restrictions
commonly associated in mines.
This filter features
ExcellementMD™, a new
propriety synthetic media designed
specifically for the mining industry,
and is offered in Beta200 >3 μm,
5 μm, 10 μm, and 15 μm absolute
conditions, resulting in lower
white blood cell residuals with
greater consistency and reduced
filter plugging. “The Pall RC2D
Filter is integral to the blood
collection system,” said Allan
Ross, president, medical business,
Pall Life Sciences. “We developed
this system to help our customers
collect, process and deliver the
highest quality blood products
utilising the safest, quickest and
most efficient processes.”
www.pall.com
efficiency options. This level of
filtration is required to protect
the valves at the shields and is
not achievable using alternative
wire mesh elements because of
their lack of absolute ratings. The
filter is supplied with 2 inch BSPP
ports, easily adaptable to Super
Stecko fittings commonly used
underground.
www.schroederindustries.com
Filtration+Separation October 2008
Controlling
dust on cullet
returns
Donaldson has launched
Donaldson Torit, a dust collector
that can be inserted into existing
systems. Traditionally, two design
approaches have been commonly
used for dust collection in glass
plants, namely centralised and
decentralised. Centralised systems
usually have several hoods and
duct runs connected to a single
dust collector. Though they offer a
flexible installation process, there
is a risk of complete system failure
if the dust collection system is not
regularly maintained.
Decentralised systems involve
point-of-use dust collectors,
allowing discharge of nuisance
dust material back into
the system. While there is
significantly less ductwork to
maintain, there are more dust
collectors and dust discharge
systems to service.
Donaldson Torit have followed
distributed approach, by directly
integrating the dust collector into
an existing batch house or cullet
tunnel. Dust collection is then
decentralised, with the advantage
of less ductwork, while dust
discharge is centralised for more
efficient handling.
The first key to this approach
is the company’s Dalamatic
DLMV dust collector, which is
a collector without a housing of
its own. The components – filter
media, cleaning mechanism and
a fan – can be integrated, either
horizontally or vertically, within
the existing process equipment or
hoods.
With the Donaldson Torit
decentralised approach, dust
collectors can be shut down
individually for service, meaning
production is not interrupted.
Space is often an issue in glass
plants and finding enough vertical
space for a traditional style bag
collectors can be challenging.
The Dalamatic DLMV is a bag-
style collector that functions
horizontal, vertical or at an angle,
demanding less space and able to
fit into odd places.
www.donaldson.com

Filtration+Separation October 2008
Filter for analysing and
controlling emissions
Munktell has introduced the
Glass and Quartz filter range ideal
for use in air pollution control,
exhaust emission testing, analysis
of acidic gases, and the retention
of particulate dusts.
Manufactured from borosilicate
glass and bound by synthetic
binders, glass fibre filters can
provide high efficiency rates
down to submicronic levels
combined with high direct
holding capacity and effective air
permeability. This filter media is
compatible with a large number
of inorganic and organic solutions
and is physically and biologically
Filtering process
water at a lower cost
Industrial Purification
Systems (IPS), has introduced
CrossFlowMF1.0, a new
technology which the
company says bridges the gap
between water filter systems
and advanced membrane
technology, or ultrafiltration,
but at a lower cost. IPS says
the CrossFlowMF1.0 has been
developed to filter below 1.0
micron reliably, achieving down
to 0.45 micron to ensure cleaner
process water, therefore helping
a business reduce its carbon
footprint.
This filter system utilises a
patented vortex bed stabiliser
which maintains flat bed
filtration with high surface
turbulence. This ensures that no
bio-fouling can be seeded whilst
holding filtered contamination
Compact liquid dosing system
Bronkhorst has introduced a
series of fully integrated liquid
dosing systems, covering a flow
range from a few nanolitres to
1000 kg/h. Factory assembled
and tested, the company says the
systems are delivered are easy-
to-use, and compact systems,
capable of accuracy and virtually
pulsation-free flow patterns.
Technology news 15
inert. Micro-glass fibre filters with
binders, can resist temperatures
up to 180°C and, according
to distributors Anachem, the
cylindrical glass fibre thimbles
are the perfect solution when
condensation, water or oils have
to be separated from compressed
air, gases or exhaust air for
analytical or technical purposes.
The filters are available as
circular filters, sheets, reels or
thimbles in a variety of sizes. The
Glass and Quartz filter range is
now available in the UK and
Ireland from Anachem.
Bacteria are
tough customers.
www.anachem.co.uk
We are tougher.
in suspension above the media
bed. IPS claims this also
provides lower pressure drops, Probiotic starter cultures, vaccines, hormones,
longer filtration and shorter enzymes – without industrially cultivated bacteria,
backwash cycles making direct proper health care for the world‘s increasing
savings on operational costs. population would be impossible.
The high interstitial void
volume of the media allows for So, to help these tiny soldiers fight the battle against
greater dirt holding capacity and disease, our steam-sterilizable separators are
contamination interaction for especially gentle on them during separation. The
the Zeta potential of the media result is efficiency, optimum separation, high yields,
to remove the finer particulates
high concentrations and economy.
down to 0.45 micron.
By reducing the load on the
filter the cycle between cleaning Take the Best – Separate the Rest
is increased and the amount of
times the process has to stop for
the membranes to be cleaned
is reduced. The company also
adds, that the need for chemical
filtration is decreased, reducing
the impact on the environment.
www.industrial-purification.co.uk
Each liquid dosing system consists
of a mass flowmeter from either
Bronkhorst’s thermal mass Liqui-
flow or Coriolis-type Cori-flow
series, with onboard controlling
function, a liquid filter of the Mechanical Separation
correct mesh type and size, and a
Westfalia Separator Industry GmbH
check valve to avoid backflow.
Werner-Habig-Straße 1 · 59302 Oelde (Germany)
www.bronkhorst.co.uk
3.1.002
Phone +49 2522 77-0 · Fax +49 2522 77-2828
ws.industry@geagroup.com · www.westfalia-separator.com
16 Technology news
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Vent filter for laboratory

and research applications
Meissner has expanded its family
Meissner has expanded its
of Ultradyne® 50 PTFE vent
family of Ultradyne® 50 PTFE
filters with the addition of the vent filters.
Steridyne® 50 filter. This 50 mm,
PVDF, 0.2 μm-rated vent filter has
a stepped hose barb inlet/outlet
and is suited for low volume
venting, gas and solvent filtration.
Although solely designed to be
used as a vent filter, it can also
be used to filter up to one litre of
solvent or solvent-based liquids,
and when pre-wet with alcohol,
it can be used to filter aqueous
liquids.
Steridyne® 50 filters are designed
for use in laboratory and
research applications and can
be gamma irradiated. Meissner
says the Steridyne® 50 filters
are ideal for venting TepoFlex™
biocontainers.
www.meissner.com

Centrifuge for laboratories using Dow

tubes and plates
Eppendorf has introduced
the Centrifuge 5430, which
spins at up to 30,130 x g and
accommodates virtually any
tube or plate in eight different
rotors.
According to Eppendorf, the
Centrifuge 5430 is the world’s
first microcentrifuge offering the
option to use a swing-bucket
rotor for spinning MTP and PCR
plates.
The company says the aerosol-
tight standard rotor improves
safety, while rotor options cover
tubes from 0.2 ml up to 50
ml, including CryoTubes® and
Falcon® tubes, microtest plates,
deepwell plates (200 or 500
μl) and slides, and a kit rotor
for open spin columns. The
Centrifuge 5430 is most ideal
for laboratories using both tubes
and plates.
www.eppendorf.com
ultrafiltration
membranes
approved
The Centrifuge Dow Water Solutions has
5430 from announced the approval of its
Eppendorf.
ultrafiltration membrane modules
for drinking water applications.
The modules are now certified
as an alternative filtration
technology for treating drinking
water and can be used as the
core of a filtration system for
converting surface waters into
safe drinking water.
Dow UF has been tested and
certified under the California
Surface Water Treatment Rule,
as well as the federal Long Term
1 and Long Term 2 Enhanced
Surface Water Treatment Rules.
Testing demonstrated the
effectiveness of modules in
removing harmful pathogens
from water and the operational
integrity of the modules.
www.dow.com
 Technology news 17
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Solid phase extraction range expanded

Agilent Technologies has
announced the availability of
Agilent SampliQ SPE, a solid The SampliQ SPE product line, which
phase extraction (SPE) product expands the previous AccuBONDII
line for the purification of extracts SPE line.
that improves the accuracy and
reproducibility of analytical
results. A new line of polymer
SPE products complement the
silica and other sorbents such as
carbon and Florisil PR.
The SampliQ SPE product
line expands upon the previous
AccuBONDII SPE product line.
Formats ranging from the most
popular cartridge sizes to 96-well
plates are available to meet a range
of solid phase extraction needs.
According to Agilent,
solid phase extraction is a
cornerstone technique in the
analytical workflow of complex
samples because it reduces
the number and amount of
potential interferences that
can jeopardise a separation, pharmaceutical, environmental, the growing importance of to help with food safety
detection and quantification. and forensic industries use food safety presents a need for analysis.
Researchers in the food safety, solid phase extractions and effective solid phase extraction www.agilent.com
18 Feature
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Membranes and filtration:

Membrane
filtration in the
biopharm industry
andar Dixit of Sartorius Stedim explains the usage and
M importance of membranes as a sterile form of filter media
in the biopharmaceutical industries, with an overview of the
general process and a look at recent developments in this
sector of the filtration industry.

Introduction
Normal flow or dead-end filters using
micro-porous membranes of synthetic
polymers are used extensively in a wide
variety of biopharmaceutical liquid filtration
applications. A typical bioprocess consists
of various unit operations beginning with
media preparation and sterile media addition
into a bioreactor or a fermenter followed by
several stages of clarification of cell harvest
post-fermentation, followed by three to
four stages of purification using a series of
chromatography columns and ultrafiltration/
diafiltration (UF/DF) steps for concentration
and buffer exchange, prior to formulation,
fill and finish. The processing steps prior
to the first chromatography column in the
purification suite are generally referred
to as “upstream” processes, whereas the
unit operations thereafter are termed as
“downstream” processes. See Figure 1 for a
generic block diagram of the process for better
appreciation of the various stages in upstream
and downstream processing.
Media filtration typically involves membranes
with retention ratings ranging from 0.45-μm
for prefilters and 0.2-μm and 0.1-μm as final
filters. The membrane filters are also used in
cell harvest clarification post-cellulosic DE
clarification filters. The primary goal of these
filters is to reduce bioburden in the filtrate,
thereby reducing the chance of bacterial
contamination in the product. In downstream
processing, sterilising grade 0.2-μm rated
membrane filters are commonly used for
reducing bioburden as well as maintaining
sterility of pooled downstream purified
intermediates. A sterilising grade 0.2/0.22-μm
rated filter is also used to sterilise the final
purified bulk drug substance into vials.
For a filter to qualify as sterilising grade, it
needs to provide a “sterile” filtrate when
challenged with Brevundimonas Diminuta
bacteria at a minimum challenge level of 1
x107 CFU/cm2 of filter area. This Bacterial
Challenge Testing (BCT) has to be performed
in strict accordance with ASTM F838-05
standard. Most major filter manufactures
perform this testing in-house and correlate
the BCT to a non-destructive Integrity Test
with limit values of diffusive flow and bubble
point reported, within which the membrane
filter can be construed as “integral” for
bacterial retention. These Integrity Test values
are reported in the validation literature of
the filter manufacturer and the customers
routinely use these non-destructive Integrity

Figure 1: Typical bioprocess block diagram showing various stages of upstream and downstream processes.

Filtration+Separation October 2008
The goal of membrane filtration is to reduce the potential of bacterial contamination of the product as well as provide
a method for cold sterilisation.
Tests to ensure filter integrity pre- and post-
use. Automated Integrity Testers are used to
carry out diffusive flow and bubble point tests.
Membrane filtration is also routinely used in
traditional pharmaceutical applications such as
blood fractionation, processing of sera and Large
Volume Parenterals (LVP). The goal here is
the same as in biopharmaceutical processes, i.e.
reduce the potential of bacterial contamination
of the product as well as provide a method for
cold sterilisation. A right choice of the prefilter
and final membrane filter combination strikes an
optimum balance between flow rates, filtration
time and overall filtration costs.
Important membrane filter
characteristics
Since the primary goal for membrane filtration
is to reduce bacterial contamination in the
filtrate and provide “sterile” filtrate for 0.2-μm
rated filters; they are evaluated based on the
following criteria:
• Effective retention of bacteria
to significantly reduce bacterial
contamination risk;
• High total throughput performance
resulting in the low filtration area and
hence reduced filtration costs;
• Acceptable flow rate range to ensure that
the entire batch is filtered in a reasonable
time-frame;
• Low degree of absorption/adsorption of
target protein, especially as one moves
Feature 19
M I C R O F I LT R AT I O N
U LT R A F I LT R AT I O N
N A N O F I LT R AT I O N
Have a bath with a friend
M
AMSTERDA ct
30 Sep - 3 O
STAND 07.313
CHICAGO
18 - 22 Oct
8
STAND 2220
downstream and the concentration of
target protein increases.
Typical comparison charts of various
membrane materials in terms of flow rate,
total throughput and adsorption/yield loss are
seen in Figures 2, 3 and 4, which highlight
significant differences between various
membranes in performance including the same
membrane material composites (PESU and
PVDF) from different manufacturers.
A variety of tests are usually conducted with
the fluid of interest on a bench scale using
small-scale 47 mm disc filters to determine
what type and grade of membrane filters
work well for flow rate and throughput 7>D"8:Aœ
performance. If the flow rate and throughput hjWbZg\ZYBZbWgVcZBdYjaZ
[dgW^dad\^XValVhiZlViZgigZVibZci
for the membrane filters yield reasonable sizes
for the full-scale, only a membrane filter is
specified in the process. If the throughput
is not high enough from different grades of
membrane composites selected; a range of
prefilters are tested for throughputs as well as
their ability to protect the final filter If the
final filter throughput is also in an acceptable
range; such a combination is recommended
for further larger scale testing. The flat disc Wiesbaden / Germany
trials only provide an indication of filter Phone + 49 611 962 6001
train performance. It is absolutely essential
to verify the filter train selection by running Raleigh, NC / USA
trials on a larger scale using pleated capsules. Phone + 1 919 341 5936
Sometimes, a confirmation filterability trial is
Xiamen China
also conducted using all the filters in a train
Phone: + 86 592 6775500
at the full, process scale. Such a test provides
a definitive assurance of sizing of each filter in
the train. WWW.MICRODYN-NADIR.COM
20 Feature
Figure 2: Flow rate comparison for various membranes per 10” element at 15 psig ΔP.
Figure 3: Total throughput comparison per 10” element at 15 psig ΔP constant pressure.
Figure 4: IgG unspecific adsorption comparison (mg./10” element).
Most of the membrane filters are offered in a
variety of sizes beginning with 150 cm2 effective
filtration area (EFA) through 18,000 cm2 EFA.
Availability of such a wide range of pleated
devices is critical, especially with the recent
move to completely disposable bag plus filter
assemblies becoming quite common in small-to-
medium scale applications. The filter capsules
are designed such that they can be sterilised
using Gamma Irradiation. These capsules are
assembled with tubing on to the inlet ports of
the bags with the filter capsule attached and
the entire assembly is then subjected to Gamma
Irradiation. This “sterilised” assembly is then
Filtration+Separation October 2008
ready-to-use by the customer. It is critical to
choose a membrane as well as all other filter
capsule components that are compatible with
Gamma Irradiation.
Types of membrane filters
A variety of polymers are used by different
manufacturers for casting membranes. Cellulose
Acetate, Polyethersulfone (PES/PESU),
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) and Nylon
are some of the common polymers used in
manufacturing pleated membrane filters for
liquid service. These membranes are typically
100-150-μm thick and consist of a highly
porous structure with a narrow particle size
distribution. The retention of particles and
microorganisms is mainly achieved on the
“surface” of the filter matrix by sieve retention.
Particles and microorganisms larger than the
actual pore size of the membrane are effectively
removed. Membrane filters are predominantly
used in the final filtration step because they
ensure the most reliable retention of particles
and specific microorganisms, sacrificing
throughput capability for most applications.
The main advantage of these filters is their high
degree of bacterial retention. There are also
more open (> 0.2 μm) membranes available,
which are used as an in-built prefilter layer,
providing enhanced throughput performance.
Many of the commercially available membrane
filter devices are generally pleated from two
heterogeneous membrane layers. The upstream
membrane layer is coarser for larger particulate
removal, whereas the downstream membrane
is finer to reduce colloidal content and
bioburden. Such 0.45- μm rated membrane
Prefilters are usually used as chromatography
column protection filters or as a bioburden
reduction step in downstream processing.
Many manufacturers also pleat together the
micro-glass fibre fleece as the upstream layer
in combination with a membrane as the
downstream layer. The Micro-GF provides
depth filtration as well as high clarification
capabilities, while the membrane provides
finer particulate removal and higher bacterial
retention. Such micro-glass(GF)/membrane
combination filters are popular in serum-
containing media filtration, small-scale cell
harvest and diagnostic solutions.
Chemical compatibility of membranes is
another important aspect that needs to be
considered for some applications. Most of the
biologic solutions are aqueous-based and are at
near-neutral pH conditions. However, caustics
as well as acid solutions are routinely used
during Cleaning-in-Place (CIP) processes.
The filters thus get exposed to a very wide pH
range from 1 to 14. Polypropylene works best
for such applications, which is why it is widely
used for manufacturing all accessories of the
cartridge or capsule filters including core,
cage, adapters and support and drainage layers.
In terms of membrane materials themselves,

Filtration+Separation October 2008
except PES which is good over the entire
pH range, all other liquid-service membranes
have pH limitation. As an example, cellulose
acetate can be used in the pH range of 4-8,
while PVDF is not recommended for solutions
with very high pH values.
Sterilisation is also commonly performed in
biotech applications with saturated steam
with temperatures reaching as high as 134
°C for 30 minutes minimum. Complete filter
cartridge construction (outer cage, inner core,
and adapter) needs to withstand these harsh
process conditions for short time intervals.
Once again, polypropylene is an optimal
choice for the materials of construction. Filter
manufacturers also have to test a filter’s ability
to withstand multiple steaming cycles.
There are also new, innovative application
specific approaches in membrane filtration
like the Sartopore® 2 XLG 0.8/0.2 and
Sartopore® 2 XLI 0.35/0.2 PES filters from
Sartorius Stedim Biotech. Both of these
filters have different prefilter membrane
retention ratings designed for specific
particle size distribution characteristics in
fluids commonly encountered in biotech
as well as pharmaceutical industries. The
Prefilter layers in XLG and XLI are effective
in different applications, achieving very
high throughputs combined with optimised
pleat pack construction, resulting in 30%
higher effective filtration area per 10”
element. The 0.2-μm final filter layer
is the same as the current Sartopore 2
0.45/0.2 combination, providing highly
reliable bacterial retention. This new
development promises a quantum leap
in membrane filtration compared to the
current commercially available double layer
membrane filters. These filters have reduced
total membrane filters surface area by more
than half in some large-scale applications
while eliminating the need for prefilters.
Summary
Dead-end nembrane filtration has wide use
in bioprocessing and they are primarily relied
upon for reducing bacterial contamination as
well as ensuring sterility of the process fluids.
An optimally designed membrane filter has
to provide excellent balance in all of the
following criteria:
• Highest total throughput performance,
directly resulting in lower filtration costs;
• High Flow rate;
• High degree of bacterial retention;
• Low unspecific adsorption of target protein.
A wide range of membrane materials are
available from all the major suppliers.
Some of the widely used polymers are:
Cellulose Acetate, PES, PVDF and Nylon.
Feature 21
Most of these filters have heterogeneous
double layer construction with an in-built
more open membrane prefilter layer. Each
membrane material has its strengths and is
selected appropriately for a certain stage in a
bioprocess.
Membrane filtration is absolutely necessary
in many biopharmaceutical applications for
bioburden reduction as well as a method
for cold sterilisation. Some of the latest
developments in membrane filters include
application-specific filter composites
manufactured out of asymmetric PES
membranes exhibiting very high flow rates
and total throughputs, coupled with optimised
pleat pack designs. •
Contact:
Mandar Dixit is the Product Manager for
Sterilising Grade Filters at Sartorius Stedim
North America Inc. located in Edgewood, NY.
He has over 14 years of experience in filtration
and separation technologies. He currently
supports the North American Biopharmaceutical
market for Filtration Technologies with special
focus on Sterilising Grade Filters and Prefilters.
He is a member of PDA and ISPE. Mr. Dixit
has co-authored papers in trade journals on
Prefiltration as well as Filter Optimisation and
Scale-up studies. He received his Bachelor’s
Degree in Chemical Engineering from IIT-
Bombay in India and his Master’s Degree in
Chemical Engineering from Louisiana State
University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
22 Feature
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Filtration industry overview:

World pharma and
biotechnology
market 2008 his article addresses the markets, technologies and processes
T surrounding filtration methods in these two important
industries, focusing on fluid and water filtration.
Cleanliness and avoidance of contamination
are critically important factors in the
pharmaceutical and biotech industries because
many of the products are eventually consumed
by humans.
The US EPA recognises four distinct
subcategories within the pharmaceutical
manufacturing industry: Subcategory A
(Fermentation); Subcategory B (Extraction);
Subcategory C (Chemical Synthesis); and
Subcategory D (Mixing, Compounding,
and Formulating). By the nature of the
manufacturing operations, it is to be expected
that the majority of the pollutants discharged
are non-toxic in the amounts discharged.
For Subcategory D operations, the use of
food grade (or FDA approved) materials is
emphasised, which implies limited toxicity of
the potential waste products. However, the
industry is still required to meet conventional
wastewater treatment limits, which may have
little relationship to the chemistry of its
individual wastewater components.
not contain pyrogens. Because of its low ion
content, WFI must be made isotonic before
injection. Isotonic solutions are those that
have the same salt concentration as blood.
Sterile water for injection meets all of the
above requirements but must also be free of
any microbial agent or any chemical additive
and must be produced so that it is sterile.
In order to achieve the various levels of
required cleanliness, different technologies
are used. Reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration,
microfiltration, cartridges, and macro filtration
processes such as filter presses, sedimentation
and centrifugation are all utilised. The market
size and brief summary of each method will be
described.
Reverse Osmosis/ Ultrafiltration/
Microfiltration
Reverse Osmosis, Ultrafiltration, and
Microfiltration (RO, UF, and MF)
technologies are cross flow membrane systems
used in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology
industry to purify the water used in the
processes and also wastewater, either for
discharge to waterways or for reclamation.
One of the largest uses of crossflow membrane
technology in this segment is in process
separations. Purification of water for injection
into patients (WFI) is another major
application. The complete range of RO, UF,
and MF systems are employed.
Microfiltration (MF) is a membrane filtration
process allowing molecules of the size of
salts, sugars, and proteins to pass through the
membrane pores, while molecules of the size
of bacteria are rejected. MF is commonly used
to sterilise liquid reagents such as cell culture
media. Microfiltration can also be used as
pretreatment to reverse osmosis.
The MF equipment and membrane markets
hold the largest market share of the three
processes, at over $300 million and $123
million respectively for 2008.

Filtration applications include water for

injection (WFI), container washing,
processing including drying and separation
to formulate tablets or broth, and wastewater
treatment.
There are several levels of severity in the
water requirements for pharmaceutical and
biotech applications. First, there is purified
water in its general form. It must meet
requirements for chemical and bacteriological
purity, but is not intended for parenteral
use. Water for injection (WFI) has to meet
more stringent requirements. It must meet
all of the above requirements but does not
necessarily need to be sterile, however, it must Figure 1: The 2008 market share for reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and microfiltration.

Filtration+Separation October 2008
Figure 2: The 2008 market share for each type of cartridge filter.
Figure 3: The 2008 market share of macro filtration products.
Figure 4: The market share for sedimentation and centrifugation.
Reverse osmosis produces the finest level
of filtration of all the membrane processes.
Application of RO most often is to provide
water which is almost free of solids, salts,
organics and colloids to subsequent final
polishing processes, such as ion exchange.
The reverse osmosis equipment market for
2008 is close to $135 million, with the RO
membrane market at almost $73 million.
The ultrafiltration process typically rejects
organics over 1,000 molecular weight (MW)
while passing ions and small organics. In
the pharmaceutical industry, it is being
used as a final filter in some pharmaceutical
water purification systems. In 2008, the
ultrafiltration equipment market is $241
million, and the membrane market is over
$105 million.
Feature 23
RO, MF and UF will see continued growth
at about 9 percent per year for the next few
years.
Figure 1 shows the market share of each
process for 2008.
Cartridge filters
Cartridge filtration is the technology
most in use in the pharmaceutical and
biotechnology industries, holding a total
market size of over $2 billion for these
industries.
Cartridge filters are normally used for fluid
polishing, with particle size to be separated
smaller than about 50 microns. Surface
filtration takes place in pleated filters
while depth filtration is the mechanism
in string wound, resin impregnated and
molded cartridges. Depth filters have
traditionally had a lower cost than surface
filters. Cartridge filters are typically installed
prior to the RO units. Cartridge filter types
include membrane, nonwoven, carbon,
string wound and metal.
Membrane cartridge filters are ideal for the
critical filtration needed in pharmaceutical
and biotech manufacturing, hence having
the largest market share at over $1 billion
for 2008. Membrane filter materials include
nylon, polypropylene, and PTFE.
Cartridge filtration is the
widest used technology in the
pharmaceutical and biotech
industries, followed by reverse
osmosis, ultrafiltration and
microfiltration systems.
The next largest market segment is for
nonwoven cartridges, at $769 million.
Nonwoven cartridges are used as a support
layer for membranes, as well as on their own
for less critical filtration applications.
Carbon filters, used to achieve organic
purity, hold a market share of $137 million.
Metal and string wound segments are
smaller, at $77 million and almost $48
million respectively.
Figure 2 shows the market share by cartridge
type for 2008.
Macro filtration
Macro filtration, also known as liquid
filtration, is characterised by particle
removal between l and 100 micrometers in
diameter. This segment includes leaf filters,
bag filters and filter presses.
A filter press is used for solid-liquid
separation of pharmaceutical solutions.
The solution to be filtered is made to pass
through a thin membrane until the solid
material is split from the liquid.
24 Feature
Figure 5: 2008 market shares by filtration type.
These specialised equipments are also
used to remove suspended particles from a
solution and process water and wastewater
treatment.
Automatic pressure filters are designed for
foods, pharmaceuticals and solvent-wetted
products. Some features allow double-sided
filtration for multiple cake washing and
cake drying options. Automatic pressure
filters can be seen in penicillin production
to help increase recovery of the penicillin-
active ingredient. The process involves
making a fermentation, which contains
the penicillin, and solid mycelia waste.
The solids and the liquids are separated,
and the liquid is extracted with solvents to
remove the penicillin. The manufacturer can
separate the solids and liquids in rotary drum
vacuum filters, and dispose of the mycelia
in the wastewater, but the vacuum filters
can produce a fairly wet cake containing
a significant amount of penicillin, which
is lost. Replacing the vacuum filters with
automatic pressure filters will give it a drier
filter cake and clearer filtrate, as well as lower
penicillin loss.
Leaf filters employ a nest of filter discs
spaced on a common shaft and fully enclosed
within a pressure-resistant casing. Overall
configuration may be vertical or horizontal.
The filter nest is normally static for filtration,
the suspension being passed through the nest
under positive or negative (vacuum) pressure.
Filtrate is withdrawn separately, with solids
remaining on the filter disks as cake. Leaf
design varies widely, from simple to complex
mesh forms, with or without filter cloths
fitted, and for use with or without precoat.
A precoat is normally employed where fine
filtering is required. Particular advantages of
vertical leaf filters are good cake consistency
with freedom from cracking or channeling
because the filter cake is not affected by
pressure variations.
Bag filters are widely used for the capture of
solids and purification of liquids. The solid
retaining capacity gives them advantages over
cartridges. A wide variety of media can be
selected for bag filter applications including
rayon viscose, polypropylene, polyester and
nylon. Bag filter vessels can be furnished in a
variety of corrosion resistant alloys as well as
carbon, steel and FRP.
Cartridge filtration is the
technology most in use in Disposable process equipment – a
the pharmaceutical and growing trend
biotechnology industries, holding
Disposable process equipment is a fast
a total market size of over $2 growing industry trend, as drug manufacturers
billion for these industries. adopt single-use systems to reduce cleaning,
Leaf, tubular and belt filtration holds a large
market share of the macro filtration systems for
the pharmaceutical and biotech industries. New
equipment for these devices is near $108 million,
with the media used at almost $44 million. The
next largest segment in 2008 is bag filters, at $52
million for new equipment and $53 million for
the bags. The 2008 market for macro filtration
products is shown in Figure 3.
Sedimentation and centrifugation
Separators used in the production and
processing of, for example, human blood,
vaccines, bacteria, algae and pigments, must
meet stringent requirements. In certain
situations, the process must run under sterile
conditions, be fully automated and ensure
economy and efficiency.
Designs include a suspended bowl concept,
completely segregated process and drive areas,
and fully automatic operation to provide the
sterile treatment of the product with highest
possible efficiency.
Filtration+Separation October 2008
The pharmaceutical industry is one of the
smaller segments, but it is the highest growth
segment. This is in part due to the critical role
that disk separators play in the production
of biotechnology products. The total world
market in the pharmaceutical/ biotech
industry for sedimentation & centrifugation
products in 2008 is $325 million.
Figure 4 shows the disk separators market for
2008 is the largest segment, at $115 million,
followed by basket centrifuges at almost $108
million.
Ultrapure Water Systems
New applications, new technology and new
ways to operate are providing dynamic change
to the ultrapure water industry. Power plants
were early users of the technology. The
semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries
have been the biggest recent investors.
The pharmaceutical purchases of ultrapure
water systems (UPW) continue to grow at
a steady rate of 6 percent to 7 percent per
year and will exceed $267 million worldwide
in 2008 and $345 million per year by 2012.
Within this sector, biotech is growing much
faster than the total pharmaceutical UPW
market, with strong growth especially in
India.
A summary of the market shares by technology
are illustrated in Figure 5. Cartridge
filtration is the widest used technology in
the pharmaceutical and biotech industries,
followed by RO/UF/MF systems.
sterilisation and their associated validation costs.
According to single use system manufacturer
Pall, disposables are in use over 90 percent of
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies’
manufacturing processes. Pall states that the
systems reduce possibilities for FDA non-
compliance, and also enable faster, more cost
effective product changeovers.
However, some drug makers who haven’t
made the switch to disposables are concerned
about the plastic materials leaching into
product or contaminating solvent, and want
to avoid getting locked into one source of the
materials. To address these concerns, single
use manufacturers have created The Bio-
Process Systems Alliance (BPSA), an industry
organisation to promote single-use technology
worldwide through education, industry guides,
and support of standards development. •
Contact:
Karen Vacura
Email: kvacura@mcilvainecompany.com
McIlvaine Company
 Feature 25
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Filtration overview:
A closer look at
depth filtration
en Sutherland looks at the characteristics of depth filtration, at
K the range of equipment used to implement it, and at how it is
used, with a special look at biotechnological applications.

Depth filtration, as its name implies, involves

the separation of a suspended particle or liquid Moving bed filters are also coming
droplet from its carrying fluid within the depth into use for the treatment of hot,
dust-laden exhaust gases.
(thickness) of the filter medium. Elsevier’s
Handbook of Filter Media1 describes four
different mechanisms of filtration:
• surface straining;
• depth straining;
• depth filtration; and
• cake filtration (which is a development of
surface filtration);
according to the way in which the suspended
material is trapped by the filter medium. (To
these there should now, of course, be added
cross-flow filtration, in which the separating
medium endeavours to hold no suspended
material at all.)
In surface straining any particle that is larger in
size than the pores of the medium deposits on
the surface, and stays there until it is removed.
Particles that are smaller in size than the pores
pass quickly through the medium. This is the
main operating mechanism for bar screens, and
plain woven monofilament plastic or wire mesh.
Depth straining is also entirely governed by
particle size or shape. For filter media that
are relatively thick by comparison with their
pore diameters, particles will travel along
the pore until they reach a point where the
pore narrows down to a size too small for the
particle to go any further, so that it becomes
trapped. Strictly speaking, depth straining is
to be differentiated from depth filtration, which
also occurs somewhere along the length of
a pore. Now, however, the particle becomes
trapped in the depth of the medium, even
though it is smaller in diameter, and possibly
much smaller, than the pore at that point.
Such behaviour involves a complex mixture of
physical mechanisms.
26 Feature
Deep bed filters are used in the polishing of waste waters before discharge, both in municipal treatment works, and on industrial sites.
Particles are first brought into contact with the
pore wall (or very close to it), by inertial or
hydraulic forces, or by Brownian (molecular)
motion. They then become attached to the
pore wall, or to another particle already held,
by means of van der Waals and other surface
forces. The magnitude and efficacy of these
forces may be affected by changes in factors
such as the concentration and species of ions in
an aqueous solution, or the humidity of a gas.
This mechanism is important for most media,
but especially for high efficiency air filters and
in deep bed (sand) filters.
The process that is to be cake filtration begins
with the formation of a layer of particles on the
surface of the filter medium, with larger pores
bridged by a group of smaller particles. On this
layer, a cake of particles accumulates to act as
the filter medium for subsequent filtration.
These definitions emphasise that the
mechanisms of filtration may result in the
trapping of far smaller particles than might
be expected from the size of the pores in
the medium. The actual mechanism or
combination of mechanisms pertaining in
any specific instance is dependent on the
characteristics both of the medium and of the
suspension being filtered.
If the filter medium is thick, with respect
to the diameters of the fibres or particles of
which it is comprised, then the separation
of the suspended particles from the fluid
will occur by both depth straining and
depth filtration, and it will not be possible
to distinguish between them. Accordingly,
the term “depth filtration” is applied to the
combined mechanism, and is the sense in
which it is used in this article.
Clarification
There are two prime purposes for filtration:
either to recover the solids suspended in
the fluid being filtered, in as concentrated a
form as possible, or to remove any suspended
solid from a fluid, as completely as possible
(although it is frequently desirable to
combine both purposes). The recovery process
usually deals with fairly concentrated feed
suspensions, and proceeds by means of cake
filtration. The clarification process, on the
other hand, usually involves the removal of
contaminants from the feed liquid, with the
suspended solids in fairly low concentrations.
It is clarification that is the main function of
depth filtration, for which its mechanism is
well suited, with its ability to remove particles
considerably smaller than the average pore
diameter in the filter medium. An important
feature of clarification filters is their ability to
hold a significant quantity of trapped solids
before they become blocked and must be
cleaned or replaced. With the very common
flat sheet filter media this aim is achieved by
pleating the sheet, or arranging in some other
way, that the largest possible area of medium
can be packed into the volume of the filter
housing.
Depth filters, by contrast, achieve their dirt-
holding capability by means of the thickness of
their media, frequently with pore sizes that are
graded to be smaller in the direction of fluid
flow, so that coarser particles are trapped first.
This is achieved in two very different types
of depth filter: the deep bed (or sand) filter,
and the thick medium filter. Any clarification
filter (other than the self-cleaning types)
will eventually become full of trapped solid,
Filtration+Separation October 2008
at which point the filter must be cleaned, by
backwashing or chemically – or replaced.
Depth filtration equipment
There are the two types of depth filter just
mentioned, which are very different in
construction, and hence in application, and in
means of cleaning.
Deep bed filter
The deep bed filter, as its name implies,
involves filtration vertically through a packed
bed of granular or fibrous material, whose
height is considerably greater than even
the thickest of continuous filter media. It is
typified by the conventional sand filter, which
clarifies water by depth filtration mechanisms
as it flows through a bed of graded sand that
may be up to one metre in depth.
Many different granular and crushed materials
have been used to form the deep beds
employed in the large gravity and pressure
filters common to the water purification and
sewage treatment industries. In addition to
sand, which is the classic and most common
material, others used include garnet, ilmenite,
alumina, magnetite, anthracite and quartz;
coke and pumice have also been used but,
because of their porosity, they are troublesome
to clean and consequently give rise to the
danger of uncontrolled breeding of bacteria.
Conventionally, there are two main types that
operate with gravity flow downwards through a
0.6-1.0m deep bed – the “slow” and “rapid” sand
filters. Slow sand filters operate with a velocity of
0.1-0.2m/h down through the bed. They actually
function largely by straining through a biological
layer that forms on the surface of the bed. They
 Feature 27
Filtration+Separation October 2008

are cleaned occasionally by the reasonably

complete removal of this layer, without
disturbing the rest of the bed.
Rapid sand filters utilise a velocity of 5-15m/h
and function by depth filtration within the
bed. They are cleaned frequently by cessation
of process flow, followed by a reverse upward
flow of wash water at such a rate that the bed
expands and releases the trapped dirt particles;
this cleaning flow may be augmented by some
form of agitation, such as injecting compressed
air below the bed or hydraulic jets impinging
on the surface. This cleaning process has
an important secondary effect, which is to
reclassify the granules of the bed based on
the combined influence of their size and their
density, so that the washed bed is graded from
finest at the top to coarsest at the bottom.
A variety of other types of filter has been
developed from the rapid sand filter,
including pressurised versions, and the use of In biochemical manufacturing processes, larger fragments are removed by centrifugation. There is a vital
upward flow so that the incoming raw water clarification task to be performed, on extremely costly suspensions. Depth filters are proving adept at this.
encounters the coarsest granules first and the
finest last. These beds are also washed by an places the finer, denser particles on top of the filtration plants in the removal of such
expanding upward flow, with the dirty effluent coarser, less dense particles. pathogens as Cryptosporidia and Giardia from
withdrawn separately. water intended for drinking.
The most modern version of the rapid sand
Multi-layer filters with conventional filter is that which uses a moving bed of sand, The deep bed filter is mainly used for large flows
downward filtration achieve the same results whereby both filtration and cleaning proceed of contaminated water, but moving bed filters
by means of beds comprising two or more continuously and simultaneously. Recent are also coming into use for the treatment of hot,
materials of different densities so that the evidence (from the US EPA) suggests that dust-laden exhaust gases, for which purpose they
hydraulic classification resulting from cleaning such filters can be as effective as membrane are a strong competitor to ceramic candle filters.

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28 Feature
In the case of deep bed filters, the application is almost all in the clarification of drinking and process water.
Thick media filters
The alternative form of depth filter is
predominately composed of a replacement filter
cartridge, in a generally cylindrical shape (to
fit in to a cylindrical containment vessel). This
cartridge may either be an actual, self-supporting
cylinder of thick porous material, or a similar
shape created by the laying down of a thick
layer of porous material on a cylindrical core, or
the quite different format created by clamping
together a set of lenticular discs, each made from
two circular layers of thick material, bonded
together at their outside edge.
The substance from which such cartridges
may be made includes a very wide range of
materials, both natural and synthetic. These
may be natural or artificial fibres or filaments,
self-bonded as in a felt, thermally bonded as
in a nonwoven fleece, or resin bonded into
a moulded cylinder. The basic fibre may be
metallic, glass or ceramic as well as organic, and
all of these materials may be used as granules
before thermal bonding (sintering) or resin
bonding. Increasingly the important modern
varieties of nonwoven materials made from
extruded thermoplastics are being applied
directly from the extrusion process onto a take-
up core, to make a layer of any desired thickness.
The cartridge may also be made from a
continuous multi-filament yarn wound at
an angle around a core, to give a spirally
wound medium. Alternatively, thick sheets of
material, woven, nonwoven or bonded, may
be cut, wrapped around a core and joined at
the long edge.
However the depth filter medium is made,
there is considerable scope for building in
to the resultant filter element the required
filtration efficiency, flow resistance and dirt-
holding capacity, by the proper choice of basic
fibre or granule size and shape.
Applications
As has already been implied, the job of the
depth filter is very largely that of the removal
of small quantities of unwanted suspended
material from a fluid flow – where that fluid
may be the product of a process, or a feed
to a process, or a waste stream that must be
cleaned before it may be discharged into the
environment. It is rare that the separated
solid is anything other than a waste material
(whose quantity has hopefully been minimised
before arrival at the depth filter), so that any
cleaning process for the filter element will
be designed to restore its original filtration
characteristics as far as possible, rather than to
retrieve the accumulated solids.
In the case of the deep bed filters, the
application is almost all in the clarification
of drinking and process water, where they are
very widely used, and in the polishing of waste
waters before discharge, both in municipal
treatment works, and on industrial sites. The
potentially important use for cleaning hot
exhaust gases is well worthy of note, but is
nowhere at the scale of deep bed use for water.
Thick media filters are used in almost every
industrial process, mainly, but by no means
entirely, in the cleaning of liquids. They are
used for maintaining the integrity of hydraulic
and pneumatic systems, and for cleaning
machine tool coolant. In a vastly numerous
range of individual applications, thick media
filters provide the required liquid clarity as
feed to membrane processes, as products in
the food and beverage, and fine chemicals and
toiletries sectors.
Biotechnology
In the majority of biochemical manufacturing
processes, a fermentation process either
produces a valuable product secreted from the
Filtration+Separation October 2008
cell during the reaction, or retained in the cell
after the reaction. When the larger fragments
are removed, usually by centrifugation, before
or after the cell wall is broken, there is a vital
clarification task to be performed, on extremely
costly suspensions. Depth filters are proving
adept at this task2,3, enabling the fermentation
products to be prepared quickly, cleanly and
with high production rates. They are also
important in the provision of the various feed
media for bioreactors, the range of depth filters
used as prefilters being very wide.
An important development in this sector is
the move towards single-use filters, to avoid
any risk of cross-contamination. This greatly
helps with process validation costs, as it
ensures that sterile filters are used every time.
The economics of biotechnology are such that
the costs of using disposable filters are small
compared with the process savings. •
Contact:
Ken Sutherland
Tel: +44 (0)1737 218868
Email: ken.suth@ntlworld.com
Ken Sutherland has managed Northdoe
Limited, his process engineering and marketing
consultancy, for over 30 years. Northdoe is
largely concerned with filtration and related
separation processes. He has written numerous
articles for Filtration+Separation and four books
on separation processes, most recently an A to
Z of Filtration and the fifth edition of the Filters
& Filtration Handbook, both for Elsevier.
References
1. Derek B Purchas & Ken Sutherland (2002),
Handbook of Filter Media, Elsevier Advanced
Technology, 2nd Edition.
2. Mahesh Prashad & Klaus Tarrach (2006),
Filtration+Separation, 43, September, 28-30.
3. Mandar Dixit & Ulrich Bräutigam (2007),
Filtration+Separation, 44, July/August, 24-6.
 Feature 29
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Biopharmaceutical technology:
Cell harvesting –
getting cultural
eter Rose of Alfa Laval takes a look at one of the growth areas
P of biopharmaceutical filtration and separation: the harvesting
of mammalian cells to produce new drugs and medicines. The
article examines the origines of the technology used in this
sector of the industry, and considers recent developments.
We – mammals that is – are composed of cells. filtration and filtration through absolute pore Naturally, it is not quite as simple as
The reflection that faces you in a mirror may size membranes. Of the different techniques, it appears. Mammalian cells are very
look solid enough but what you are really seeing centrifugation is the one most commonly scaled fragile organisms so, although a disc stack
are approximately 10 trillion cells split into up from laboratory to factory production levels. centrifuge makes the job of separation
about 200 different types. These cell groups are relatively easy, the trick is to do so
Centrifugation uses the density difference
quite specialised: livers are made of liver cells, with minimal damage to the product.
between solids and the surrounding fluid and
muscles of specialist muscle cells and so on. Acceleration of the protein rich feed
accelerates the settling that would normally
Growing and harvesting mammalian cells occur during sedimentation. Most industrial material takes a fraction of a second. But
outside of the body and in the laboratory or applications use disk stack centrifuges to remove although speed is of the essence, it must not
factory to produce new drugs and medicines is cells and cell debris from the nutrient broth. be at expense of destroying the highly shear-
one of the most exciting arms of the modern Disk stack centrifuges offer continuous operation, sensitive cell wall membrane which would
life science industry. Yet, far-fetched as it may making their throughput consistent with the release undesirable, intracellular proteins
seem, these enormous advances in medical desire to limit the time for harvest operations. into the broth – a process known as lysis.
science can be traced back to a chicken
which was dissected some time late in the
19th Century; 1885 to be precise. That was
when Wilhelm Roux managed to maintain the
medullary plate of the said embryonic chicken
in a warm saline solution for a number of days
and thus first established the principle of tissue
culture.
His work was taken on several stages further
by scientists at John Hopkins Medical School
and Yale University during the first decade
of the 20th Century. In the 1940s and 1950s
viruses grown in cell cultures were used in the
manufacture of vaccines. The polio vaccines
that finally eliminated the threat of the disease
were grown in cell cultures from monkey
kidneys.
These days, of course, drug production based on
cell culture is one of the fastest-growing areas
of biotechnology. Its rapid success owes much
to the parallel development of technologies
for the three key stages in cell culture growth:
fermentation, harvesting and purification.
Harvesting is performed by separating the cell
culture from the growing medium and several
techniques are used to perform this delicate
operation; centrifugation, microfiltration, depth Alfa Laval’s Culterfuge 100 cell separation system.
30 Feature
Filtration+Separation October 2008

By preventing additional lysis during

acceleration it is possible to increase the
separator’s capacity while still achieving
the required separation result. Downstream
purification of target proteins is also simplified
and can be carried out using more compact
equipment, thus generating significant savings in
the process. The challenge, then, is to achieve
maximum separation efficiency with minimal
product disruption.
Just as cell culture has developed from relatively
humble origins so has the equipment used to
harvest it. In fact, from the earliest stages of
cell culture science when Alfa Laval worked
with industry leaders in the development of
large scale cell culture fermentations, it soon
became obvious that cell culture characteristics
called for extremely gentle separator designs.
What they turned to was the hollow spindle
which owed its origins to concepts originally
developed for the dairy industry where the
gentle touch was used to prevent fat particles
in milk from shearing apart during acceleration.
Decades later, the same technology is a corner
stone in modern cell culture processing.
Like many innovations, the initial impetus had
little to do with the eventual outcome. When
Alfa Laval engineers originally decided to study During the development of large scale cell culture fermentations, it soon became obvious that cell culture
characteristics called for extremely gentle separator designs
the feasibility of a separator which provided
liquid discharge under pressure, it was beer, not that Alfa Laval then produced a number of of the overall design, the entire free space in the
milk, which they had in mind. The target was the new separators for display at the 1933 bowl was filled with liquid.
to purify beer by separating it without air ingress Deutche Landwirt-schaftlische Gesellschaft
and under sufficient pressure to prevent the loss exhibition in Berlin. This first hermetic Besides achieving the main objective – cream
of carbon dioxide. separator radically changed dairy and brewery and skim milk free from foam – the hermetic
technology from that point onwards. separator provided several other advantages;
The only rational way in which to achieve the most important of which was its clean
a closed system was to feed the liquid to the As befitted a radically different piece of skimming capability which was better than
bowl from underneath, through a tubular bowl equipment, the hollow spindle hermetic any other separator. Two factors contributed
spindle, and discharge it at the bowl neck. separator looked totally different to earlier to this improved level of performance. Firstly,
An experimental machine for clarifying beer centrifuges. The frame was designed so that the milk was accelerated very gently in the
was built but also tested on milk as it was felt the inlets for whole milk at the bottom of the long hollow spindle, minimising the splitting
that the machine might solve the milk froth machine were readily accessible. of fat globules. Secondly, the Alfa-discs were
problem: Which it did. given a smaller inner radius, increasing the
Neither the traditional two-piece bowl spindle
nor the newer Baltic type spindle could be separation area available in a given bowl
The milk process then seemed to be the more
used. Consequently, the hermetic separator volume.
commercially viable. The engineers modified
the original machine to provide two outlets so had to incorporate an entirely new spindle The same hollow spindle hermetic design
that it could also be used as a cream separator. design. The solution was to adapt the spindle is central to Culturefuge which was the
Trials in a Swedish dairy proved so successful from the largest Alfa Laval yeast separator at world’s first fully hermetic purpose-built cell
the time, the OVK 5. culture centrifuge, developed principally for
At the top end of the spindle, just beneath the applications involving mammalian cell cultures
bowl, the flexible top bearing – a radial ball and precipitated protein. Its use was intended
bearing – supported the weight of the bowl, to provide the gentlest acceleration possible
and at the bottom end, a spherical ball bearing in a centrifugal disc stack separator designed
allowed for the precision movement of the specifically for cell culture harvesting.
spindle. Whole milk was fed under pressure
through the spindle into the bottom of the The smooth acceleration imposes minimal shear
bowl. The seal between the stationary inlet strains on the cells. As importantly, the hollow
pipe and the rotating spindle consisted of a spindle creates a truly hermetic design that
U-shaped rubber gasket reinforced with fabric. completely eliminates air-liquid interfaces within
Milk entered the bowl via the central chamber the centrifuge and thus also eliminates the
at its bottom, from where it was distributed in foaming, a major cause of protein degradation.
the disc stack in the usual way. As a bonus, the design also allows centrate
Since it did not have a hole through its centre discharge at small radius which reduces both
its diameter was considerably reduced when power consumption and keeps temperature pick
The Culterfuge cell harvesting module. compared to machines with top feed. As a result up to a minimum during separation.

Filtration+Separation October 2008
In a mathematical model for feed zone
breakage of shear sensitive particles in
centrifugal separators, the breakage was found
to be independent of flow-rate. A study by
Boychyn et al. simulated the flow-field in the
acceleration zone of a traditional centrifuge,
using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In
this study two cases were compared, one classic
with air present in the feed zone, and one
gently liquid filled, i.e. with no air present.
This modelling technique confirmed that,
during acceleration with air present, the
maximum energy dissipation rate is up to two
times higher than in air free acceleration.
Higher energy dissipation leads to a
considerably higher particle breakage in
the protein precipitate suspension and
consequently less successful clarification. A
later study by Boychyn, used a similar CFD
tool to model the acceleration forces in the
acceleration zone of a multi-chamber bowl. In
this study, the group was able to make accurate
predictions of centrifuge performance.
Finally, there is a comparative study by the
same research group on Cell Culture processed
in two small production/pilot scale disc stack
centrifuges. One separator had a classic non-
filled acceleration zone and the other a hollow
spindle hermetic inlet for gently accelerating
the feed. In every other important aspect
(equivalent area, rpm etc), the machines were
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identical. The group found a hollow spindle
type centrifuge provided a 2.5-fold increase
in throughput for the same clarification
performance when compared to the other
separator.
The modern Culturefuge system
Translated into a modern cell culture
harvesting system such as the Culturefuge, this
hollow spindle technology made it possible
to provide a method of continuous cell
harvesting, under hermetic conditions. The
skid-mounted Culturefuge consists of a disk-
stack, high-speed separator with piping for
service liquids and process liquids. It includes
an integrated electrical system with starter,
PLC control and pneumatic unit. A motor
with an integrated VFD is standard. As an
option the system can also include a steam-
sterilisable pump for transport of the solids
phase. Culturefuge’s design is in accordance
with most major Pressure Vessel specifications
including ASME and PED.
All product contact parts are made of high-
grade stainless steel. Various grades of surface
finish are available 1.2 μm Ra, 0.8 μm Ra
or 0.5 μm Ra with electro-polish. The skid-
mounted modular design can be delivered
for open operation, contained running,
steam sterilisable aseptic operation or steam
decontamination-only operation.
Feature 31
How it works
Feed material enters the Culturefuge 100
through a hollow spindle feed inlet and
accelerates gradually as it moves upwards,
thereby minimising the shear forces on
the liquids and preventing cell lysis. To
prevent the risk of it mixing with air, the
feed zone is completely filled with rotating
liquid. The provision of this completely
hermetic outlet eliminates the possibility of
materials coming into contact with the air
or the external environment; thus avoiding
foaming and denaturisation of the product.
During normal production the operating
water keeps the sliding bowl bottom closed
against the bowl hood. During discharge
the sliding bowl bottom drops for a short
time (less than a second) and the solids are
ejected through the discharge ports. The high
velocity of the ejected solids is reduced in the
cyclone.
Harvesting cells to develop new vaccines and
medicines has moved from the realm of science
fiction to fact, partly thanks to a slice of chicken
and a separator that started life skimming milk
from cream, and now helps harvest the most
precious commodity of all, good health. •
Contact:
Peter Rose, Alfa Laval
Email: peter.rose@alfalaval.com
www.alfalaval.com
32 Feature
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Developments in filtration:
What is
nanofiltration?
relatively recent development in membrane processes, Ken
A Sutherland looks at the rapidly expanding field of nanofiltration,
its characteristics and its applications.

The background to nanofiltration materials that are dissolved in a liquid, and sulphate. Robert Peterson, in his Foreword
not with distinct particles suspended in the to Elsevier’s Nanofiltration – principles and
The burst of filtration and filtration-related
liquid. The separation between solute and applications(1), describes reverse osmosis
activity that followed the development
solvent occurs by diffusion of the molecules (especially in the water treatment business)
of the phase-inversion process for the
of the solvent through the mass of the as the main course, the steak perhaps, of a
manufacture of polymeric membranes, in
membrane material, driven mainly by a high meal, whereas nanofiltration “is like the wine
the early 1960s, led to the establishment
transmembrane pressure, and not through menu ... an opportunity for creativity and
of three membrane separation processes:
any physical hole (pore) in the membrane. exploration”.
reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration and, more
Some of the solute molecules may also
recently, microfiltration. These processes How nanofiltration has developed
diffuse through the membrane, either by
took the separation spectrum from the
the process designer’s intent, or because the
traditional cut point limit of standard The preceding paragraphs have described
solute has a finite (although very small)
filtration of around 0.01 mm (10 μm) to the the origins and nature of the generally
diffusion coefficient in the membrane
very finest distinct solids, a few nanometres accepted process called nanofiltration,
material.
in size, and enabled the separation of which is a liquid-phase separation removing
large molecules from solution. The actual The key difference between nanofiltration dissolved solids, carried out by means
size ranges vary somewhat from source to and reverse osmosis is that the latter retains of membranes, with a relatively high
source, but there is general agreement that monovalent salts (such as sodium chloride), transmembrane pressure. However, the
microfiltration covers the range 10 μm down whereas nanofiltration allows them to pass, progress of much of the filtration business is
to 0.1 μm, while ultrafiltration covered 0.1 and then retains divalent salts such as sodium being driven by demands for finer and finer
μm down to 0.005 μm (5 nm) in terms of
discrete particles or Molecular Weight Cut-
Off (MWCO) figures of 300,000 down to
around 300 Daltons for dissolved materials.
Reverse osmosis, of course, was designed
to retain the very small sodium chloride
molecule, which meant passing nothing else
but water.
These intended size ranges actually still left
a gap in their coverage at the lower end of
that for ultrafiltration (at around 100 to 300
Daltons). Membrane development was fairly
rapid during the 1970s and 1980s, leading to
a “loose RO” membrane process, which was
given the name “nanofiltration” at the end of
the 1980s.
In this sense, then, nanofiltration is a
fairly recent development in the range
of membrane separation processes, which
takes in the upper end (in separation size
terms) of reverse osmosis, and the lower
end of ultrafiltration, covering MWCO The paper pulp industry is striving to reduce the amount of water it uses, mainly by “closing the water cycle” – a
values of 100 to 1000 Daltons. It deals with system in which the purification properties of NF have a major role.
 Feature 33
Filtration+Separation October 2008

E N V I R O N M E N T CA PITA L
2 >5
DECEMBER LYON EUREXPO
FRANCE
23rd Edition

An SEM view of Ahlstrom’s Disruptor nanofiltration membrane. Contact:

Promosalons (UK) Ltd
cutpoints, in both liquid and gas filtration, and these demands Tel: 020 8216 3100
are now being met by the use of correspondingly finer fibres to Email: enquiries@promosalons.co.uk
make the filter media. Increasingly, these fibres have diameters of
significantly less than one micrometre, and are therefore measured
in nanometres, and are becoming commonly known as nanofibres.
These are used to make composite filter media, with a web of
nanofibres supported on a coarser substrate.
The very fine filtration that can be achieved with these nanoweb
media is taking the separation process that is effectively
microfiltration to much lower cutpoints. The materials are also
being referred to as membranes, even though they are very
different in format from the semipermeable plastic sheet still
most commonly thought of when membranes are mentioned. It
is worthy of note that, at the 10th World Filtration Congress (in
2007), out of a total of almost 250 separate papers and 85 poster
presentations, there were 12 that featured nanofiltration, and 14
concerning nanofibres as filter media.
Whilst it is hoped that the two systems – nanofiltration and filtration
with nanofibres – are sufficiently different so as to avoid their
confusion, both are covered in the rest of this article.
It is worth noting that the term “nanotechnology” is now very
widely used, referring to a whole range of scientific, engineering
and manufacturing activities involving very small things.
Unfortunately the term has entered the public consciousness
with a component of “fear of the unknown” attached to it. The key global
This does not concern nanofiltration, since the media involved meeting for envi-
in it are mostly continuous and indistinguishable from RO or ronment professionals,
UF membranes. It does concern nanofibre production and use, Pollutec Lyon provides a
however, and the makers and users of nanofibres will have to take stage for the full range of
care not to magnify the concern. pollution prevention and
treatment technologies and,
Nanofiltration more generally, for the protection
of the environment and the promo-
The membrane separation process known as nanofiltration is tion of sustainable development. For
essentially a liquid phase one, because it separates a range of 4 days the 23rd show will bring
inorganic and organic substances from solution in a liquid – mainly, together 2,500 exhibitors displaying
but by no means entirely, water. This is done by diffusion through a a unique array of innovative
membrane, under pressure differentials that are considerable less than equipment, technologies and service
those for reverse osmosis, but still significantly greater than those across a range of sectors and 70,000
for ultrafiltration. It was the development of a thin film composite manufacturers, local authority
membrane that gave the real impetus to nanofiltration as a recognised officials and specifiers in search of
solutions.
process, and its remarkable growth since then is largely because of
its unique ability to separate and fractionate ionic and relatively low In association with

molecular weight organic species.

Fachmesse für Umweltkonzepte
und erneuerbare Energien www.pollutec.com
The membranes are key to the performance of nanofiltration systems.
They are produced in plate and frame form, spiral wound, tubular,
34 Feature
Nanofiltration membranes are also used for the removal of natural organic matter from water, especially tastes, odours and colours, and in the removal of trace herbicides
from large water flows.
capillary and hollow fibre formats, from
a range of materials, including cellulose
derivatives and synthetic polymers, from
inorganic materials, ceramics especially, and
from organic/inorganic hybrids.
Recent developments of membranes for NF
have greatly extended their capabilities in
very high or low pH environments, and in
their application to non-aqueous liquids.
The plastic media are highly cross-linked,
to give long-term stability and a practical
lifetime in more aggressive environments. NF
membranes tend to have a slightly charged
surface, with a negative charge at neutral pH.
This surface charge plays an important role in
the transportation mechanism and separation
properties of the membrane.
As with any other membrane process,
nanofiltration is susceptible to fouling, and
so nanofiltration systems must be designed
to minimise its likelihood – with proper
pretreatment, with the right membrane
material, with adequate cross-flow velocities
to scour the membrane surface clear of
accumulated slime, and by use of rotating or
vibrating membrane holders.
Applications
Industrial applications of nanofiltration are
quite common in the food and dairy sector,
in chemical processing, in the pulp and paper
industry, and in textiles, although the chief
application continues to be in the treatment
of fresh, process and waste waters.
In the treatment of water, NF finds use in
the polishing at the end of conventional
processes. It cannot be used for water
desalination, but it is an effective means
of water softening, as the main hardness
chemicals are divalent. At first sight, NF
would not seem to have much place in MBR
processes, because the higher transmembrane
pressure differentials needed for NF are not
available in most bioreactor systems, but
there are some specialised uses for MBRs in
which NF is finding a place. Smith’s review(2)
covers the whole field of nanotechnology
well, including reference to Argonide’s
NanoCeram fibres of 2 nm alumina, used
for the filtration of 99.9999% of bacteria,
viruses and protozoan cysts (now available as
Ahlstrom’s Disruptor technology).
NF membranes are also used for the removal of
natural organic matter from water, especially
tastes, odours and colours, and in the removal
of trace herbicides from large water flows.
They can also be used for the removal of
residual quantities of disinfectants in drinking
water.
Food industry applications are quite
numerous. In the dairy sector, NF is used
to concentrate whey, and permeates from
other whey treatments, and in the recycle of
clean-in-place solutions. In the processing
of sugar, dextrose syrup and thin sugar
juice are concentrated by NF, while ion
exchange brines are demineralised. NF is
used for degumming of solutions in the
edible oil processing sector, for continuous
cheese production, and in the production of
alternative sweeteners.
There are probably as many different
applications in the whole chemical sector
(including petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals)
as in the rest of industry put together. Many
more are still at the conceptual stage than are
in plant use, but NF is a valuable contributor
to the totality of the chemicals industry. The
production of salt from natural brines uses NF
as a purification process, while most chemical
processes produce quite vicious wastes, from
which valuable chemicals can usually be
recovered by processes including NF. The
high value of many of the products of the
pharmaceutical and biotechnical sectors allows
the use of NF in their purification processes.
The paper pulp industry uses a very great
quantity of water in its production processes, a
Filtration+Separation October 2008
quantity that the industry is striving to reduce,
mainly by “closing the water cycle” – a system
in which the purification properties of NF
have a major role.
All of these specifically mentioned
applications have been water-based, but
nanofiltration is not restricted to the
treatment of aqueous suspensions. Indeed
one of the largest NF plants was installed at
a petroleum refinery for the dewaxing of oils.
Boam and Nozari, in their review(3) of organic
solvent nanofiltration, point out that many
organic system separation processes are quite
highly energy intensive, and that, by contrast,
OSN can be quite an energy saving alternative
(for example, by comparison with distillation).
In aqueous systems, nanofiltration uses
hydrophilic polymeric materials, such as
polyether-sulphone, polyamides and cellulose
derivatives. These materials, in contact
with organic solvents, quickly lose their
stability. Special membranes have therefore
been developed to provide the same kind of
performance as in aqueous systems, and they
are now used for solvent exchange, solvent
recovery and separation, for catalyst recovery
and for heavy metal removal.
Nanofibre media
The synthetic materials, both organic and
inorganic, that are nowadays being spun from
the molten state into ever finer fibres, are no
different from the materials that have been
used for decades for this purpose (except for
the ever widening range of thermoplastic
polymers that are available). What has
changed has been the equipment downstream
of the spinaret, which enables a wide range of
fibre diameters to be produced. Starting over
40 years ago with spun bonded media, whose
fibre diameter was 10 μm or more, the list runs
through flash spun and melt blown (at just
over 1 μm), to electrospun materials, which
are approaching 100 nm in fibre diameter
capability.

Filtration+Separation October 2008
Industrial applications of nanofiltration are quite common in the food and dairy sector.
Each of these materials can be produced as
a random array of fibres as a web, which, in
itself, makes a very good filter medium, so
long as it is adequately supported on a stronger
substrate. Tucker gives a good review(4) of
these materials in introducing du Pont’s new
HMT media for liquid or gas filtration. United
Air Specialists has developed nanofibres for
SHAPE THE FUTURE
Filtration Innovation
We have learned that no two filter manufacturers
are the same. However, one thing they all share
is a need for flexible, forward thinking suppliers
who can deliver value for money, quality
components. We now offer an increased
portfolio of filtration products and services.
You can take advantage of our ability to form
mesh into tubes, conical shapes and pleating
meshes, in addition to mini mesh coils to
decrease your costs. You can gain immediate
cost savings when switching to our Experf
range of meshes, compared like for like against
perforated metals. Expect nothing less than
premium quality, bespoke products and
unrivalled customer care.
PO Box 14, Longhill Industrial Estate (North), Hartlepool. TS25 1PR.
Telephone: 01429 867 388 Fax: 01429 866 795 Email: sales@exmesh.co.uk
Web: www.expandedmetalcompany.co.uk
dust removal, as has Donaldson with its Ultra-
Web media.
The fine spinning techniques have proved
amenable to the production of carbon and
ceramic fibres, and are obviously going
to result in a major segment of the filter
media business, especially for air filtration.
Because these media are capable of removing
Feature 35
contaminants to below 0.1 μm, they are going
to be counted as membranes – and certainly
known as nanomembranes. •
Contact:
Ken Sutherland
Tel: +44 (0)1737 218868
Email: ken.suth@ntlworld.com
Ken Sutherland has managed Northdoe
Limited, his process engineering and marketing
consultancy, for over 30 years. Northdoe is
largely concerned with filtration and related
separation processes. He has written numerous
articles for Filtration & Separation and for FIA,
and four books on separation processes, most
recently an A to Z of Filtration and the fifth
edition of the Filters & Filtration Handbook, both
for Elsevier.
References
1. A I Schäfer, A G Fane, & T D Waite
(Eds) (2005), Nanofiltration – Principles and
Applications, Elsevier Advanced Technology
2. A Smith (2006), “Nanotech – the way
forward for clean water?”, Filtration+Separation
43, No 8, 32-3
3. A Boam & A Nozari (2006), “OSN – a
lower energy alternative”, Filtration+Separation
43, No 3, 46-8
4. T Norton (2007), “Hybrid membrane
technology: A new nanofibre media platform”,
Filtration+Separation 44, No 2, 28-30
36 Events
Show preview:
WEFTEC 2008
eld in Chicago, USA from 18-22 October, the WEFTEC event is
H the largest water quality event in the world. Filtration+Separation
spoke to the organisers and exhibitors to find out what to expect
from the 81st technical exhibition and conference.
The conference
WEF’s 81st annual technical exhibition and
conference offers the best water quality
training and education available, and
unparalleled access to the latest in water
quality developments, research, regulations,
solutions, and cutting-edge technologies.
Designed to address a diverse and
comprehensive array of contemporary
water and wastewater issues, this year’s
technical program of 115 technical
sessions, 31 workshops and 10 facility
tours are categorised into more than 20
technical education focus areas ranging from
collection systems and leading-edge research
to sustainable water resources management
and water reclamation and reuse. To keep
attendees up-to-date on the most pressing
water quality challenges and solutions, the
program also includes several “hot topic”
workshops and “featured” technical sessions
throughout the five-day event.
The exhibition
In 2007, WEFTEC drew almost 20,000 attendees
and showcased 1,017 exhibiting companies. 88%
of WEFTEC attendees are the buyers and final
decision makers and 55% plan to buy one or
more products displayed in the next 12 months.
Attendees spend an average of 9.4 hours visiting
the exhibits. Filtration+Separation spoke to some
of the exhibitors at the event to see what they
have planned.
Alfa Laval – Stand 29017, Hall B
What is driving the water marketplace?
Today’s industry is extremely environmentally-
conscious. Reducing the amount of energy
used during wastewater and biosolids
treatment processes has become a critical
issue. Customers are looking for higher
efficiency solutions that offer better
performance, while reducing their overall
environmental footprint.
Filtration+Separation October 2008
What new developments are you working on?
Alfa Laval’s product technology solutions have
become significantly more power efficient,
offering the industry high efficiency solutions,
while reducing overall power consumption.
Alfa Laval’s technology solutions offer more
throughput and better performance with less
impact on the environment.
What products and services are you
showcasing at WEFTEC?
Alfa Laval Spiral Heat Exchanger is for
heating of sewage sludge in digesters. Its
counter-current flow gives the most efficient
heat transfer and makes the unit compact.
ALSYS is a plug-and-play centrifuge solution
for reducing sludge volumes at municipal, ITT Goulds Pumps will exhibit its new line of double-
industrial and potable water treatment suction, base-mounted pumps.
plants. Its compact layout reduces floor space
Alfa Laval is a market leader and will continue
requirements and ensures easy maintenance.
to develop innovative product solutions that
ALDRUM is an efficient, cost effective address the industry’s demands and needs.
method of thickening sludge. Its design What are you looking forward to at WEFTEC?
enables an extremely gentle sludge handling,
resulting in an extremely high recovery for We are looking forward to promoting our
most sludge types. message: A Global Call for Water Recovery
and reinforce the benefits of our product
OCTOPUS is our autopilot for decanter technology solutions to the end user and the
centrifuges in sludge dewatering. We will market. We want to continue to set the bar
also highlight our Parts and Service offerings, as the market leader in the biosolids handling
including equipment audits and upgrades to process marketplace.
training classes and around the clock service
Amiad – Stand 28163, Hall B
support, also known as Nonstop Performance.
What is driving the water marketplace?
What applications are these suitable for?
We are seeing a tremendous amount of interest
Biosolids handling and treatment.
in membrane technologies, which require
What makes these products more suited to pre-filtration. Our automatic self-cleaning
applications than past products? screen and microfibre thread filters are playing
key roles in pre-filtration before membranes
Our solutions are more efficient and require less around the world.
energy. In response to the global energy-related
issues, we have invested in Research and Another trend we are seeing is increasing
awareness of what we’re calling a system’s
Development to develop innovative, power-
“environmental footprint.” That takes into
conscious solutions for the industry. We are
account carbon footprint – basically, the
committed to contributing to a better future.
energy demand of the system – water footprint,
What does the future hold for Alfa Laval? chemical use, and even its physical footprint,
 Events 37
Filtration+Separation October 2008

which impacts the amount of structural resources

needed to house and maintain the system. We’re
focusing on technologies that demand little
power, require less water for back-wash, reduce
or eliminate the need for chemicals and cartridge
disposal, and fit in compact spaces.
The two trends tie together where we examine
environmental footprint. Pre-filtration
equipment with a smaller environmental
footprint can help membrane technology be
more efficient and more cost-effective, as well
as more environmentally friendly.
What new developments are you working on?
Our Automatic Microfibre (AMF) filtration
systems are especially exciting right now. We’re
seeing interest in them to pre-treat water for
RO systems as well as for fine filtration – down
to 2 microns – before injecting produced water
into buried deposits such as oil production wells
and brine disposal wells.
What products are you showcasing?
We will have an Automatic Microfibre (AMF)
filtration system in our booth, as well as Alfa Laval will showcase ALSYS, a centrifuge solution for reducing sludge volumes at municipal, industrial and
examples of our automatic self-cleaning ABF potable water treatment plants.
and EBS screen filtration systems.
These are very exciting times for all of us in The 3408A features internally self-flushing
What applications are these suitable for? the filtration and separation industry. Amiad is mechanical seals for maximum lubrication,
Amiad filters have been used for decades in a prepared to grow and innovate, helping water debris removal and heat dissipation. Up to 25%
wide variety of applications, from filtration of treatment professionals deliver clean water of the total pump flow continuously flushes
irrigation water to filtration for drinking water, with clean technology. the seal faces. The internally flushed seals also
wastewater treatment, and treating industrial allow for a shorter shaft reducing deflection
What are you looking forward to at WEFTEC?
water – both before and after use. thereby extending seal life. Closed-end steel
It’s always exciting to see the new innovations baseplates with full seam welds are used for
What makes these products more suited to
applications than past products? across the industry, to run into old friends strength. An open top allows easy grouting.
and colleagues, and to gain some insight on The pump bearings and mechanical seals can
We have continually improved our automatic how we can work to provide tools that fit into be serviced without disturbing the upper casing
self-cleaning screen filters in terms of efficiency, today’s systems – and tomorrow’s. half, piping connections or electrical motor
effectiveness and capacity. For instance, our connections. An ANSI-OSHA-compliant
largest EBS system has a filtration area of ITT – Stand 24121, Hall B coupling guard shields the flexible coupler.
6200 square inches and can accommodate a
maximum flow rate of 23,350 gpm. We are also What products are you showcasing? Microdyn-Nadir – Stand 22208, Hall B
seeing more use of our systems in oil and gas ITT Goulds Pumps has introduced a new What is driving the water and
production – which requires specific materials line of double-suction, base-mounted pumps filtration marketplace currently?
and customised control/electrical designs. for municipal and industrial water service.
The new Model 3408A pumps are available As the population continues to grow, less
As far as our AMF systems go, they have allowed
in 2’’ through 10’’ sizes, up to 300 HP. people have access to quality drinking
us to offer automatic self-cleaning filtration down
Capacities range to 6500 GPM with heads water. People are becoming more aware
to 2 microns – a tremendous accomplishment.
to 400 feet. These pumps are cast iron, of environmental problems, with many
The automatic self-cleaning functionality means
bronze-fitted construction with a maximum governments worldwide starting programs
that there is very minimal maintenance required,
to strengthen the efforts in drinking water
and no replacement or disposal of consumables working pressure of 175 psig.
treatment and waste water treatment.
such as cartridges, bags or filter aids.
What makes these products more suited to Membrane technology requiring low energy
What does the future hold for you? applications than past products? demand, is one of the key technologies in

Coming soon.......
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Leading the world of Filtration+Separation
38 Events
Microdyn-Nadir will present BIO-CEL, a module based
on a self supporting flat membrane.
that market. With these new technologies the
bacteria and viruses found in water can be
treated to a high and consistent quality.
What new developments are you working on?
To address the future potential for submerged
modules, we have developed the BIO-
CEL Module. This is the first module in
the world combining the advantages of all
existing submerged modules, without their
disadvantages. BIO-CEL is a module based on
a self supporting flat membrane, providing an
extremely high packing density, but with open
channels for a perfect hydraulic behavior and
back washable like a hollow fibre module.
This Module can be delivered in different sizes
up to 400m² per module. It is easy to handle
and install due to our unique cassette system.
What applications is this suitable for?
The module is developed for membrane
bioreactors. It can be used for municipal or
industrial waste water.
What makes these products innovative?
Installation and the maintenance of the new
BIO-CEL module is much easier. For the first
time the aeration and the frame support are
independent of the membrane unit. This is
an important advantage, especially for larger
treatment plants, in that it makes exchanging
portions of the membranes simple to perform.
The modules are rapidly being implemented
worldwide. The unique advantage of the new
module is the continuation of an open plate
system to avoid braiding and sludge deposition.
it is also possible to back flush the module,
maintaining high throughput.
What does the future hold for your company?
Looking to the future, we will continue to
focus on membranes and modules for liquid
separations in the area of Micro, Ultra and
Nanofiltration. Our goal is to become one of the
leading membrane and module suppliers in our
segment. We want to support our clients in being
successful and we hope that the improvement
our existing product portfolio and development
of new products will help make that happen. In
the last two years we have invested more than
4 million to develop new products and build
up new production equipment.
What are you looking forward to at WEFTEC?
We always expect to be challenged at the
WEFTEC with difficult questions from
attendees and from competitors. Our newest
MBR will have a large effect on the show and
we look forward to the responses generated.
Porex – Stand 13069, Hall C
What is driving the water marketplace?
EPA and other standards continue to get more
restrictive resulting in previously unfiltered
materials now having to be filtered, or having
to improve contamination removal from
current discharges. These are generally higher
solids applications for which there is no simple
answer. Increasing costs of fuel, labour and
materials pushes the need for cost management
which result in the need for new technologies
to offer a practical way to reduce these
costs. Also, the “green” movement is forcing
industries to begin looking at ways of reducing
waste, further promoting reusable technologies.
What new developments are you working on?
While sintered porous plastic is not new to
the market, utilising it in industrial filter
configurations and as tubular membrane is
somewhat unique. The three product lines
will continue to be expanded into a variety of
additional configurations to address the broad
range of application requirements. Additional
materials of construction and membranes
will be developed to expand beyond current
temperature and chemical limitations as well
creating ultrafiltration membranes.
What products are you showcasing?
Porex will be exhibiting three product lines,
the Tubular Membrane, the Radial Cartridge
Filter and the MacroFlow PTFE Filter
cartridge. All the products are based upon
Porex’s core technology of sintered porous
plastic. We will highlight the newest addition
to the Tubular Membrane line which is a 37
tube stainless steel module.
What applications are these suitable for?
All of our technologies are suited to high solids
applications due in large part to the ability
to backwash or backpulse the media during
operation. Focusing in microfiltration, these
products address a broad range of industrial
and process water and wastewater applications
including pre-treatment for difficult water
sources, cooling water and wide range of
manufacturing waste process streams. In
addition, the technologies are used in a range
of manufacturing applications in chemical,
pharmaceutical and food & beverage markets.
What makes these products more suited to
applications than past products?
Filtration+Separation October 2008
Each product being exhibited offers a unique
innovation for the targeted application. The
Radial Cartridge is a backwashable/cleanable
media in the range of 5 – 50 micron, bringing
backwash technology down from the typical
25 – 50 micron low end range. The Tubular
Membrane is also able to be backwashed/
backpulsed during operation, making it relatively
unique among tubular membranes. The
MacroFlow PTFE product is a unique skived
PTFE membrane in the range of 1 – 10 micron,
which is above most conventional expanded
PTFE membranes.
What does the future hold for Porex?
The Filtration group has had good growth
rates since its inception in 2005 and this is
forecasted to continue for the next few years.
This will continue to fund our expansion and
continues development of unique technologies
based around sintered porous plastic.
What are you looking forward to at WEFTEC?
Porex continues to develop and expand
the product lines for key applications, and
WEFTEC provides for an ideal opportunity
to present these products to the industry.
In addition, Porex Filtration is just starting
to expand its market into Europe and Asia
and since WEFTEC draws a global audience,
this provides a good forum for developing
distribution and OEM partnerships.
SPX Corporation – Stand 28211, Hall B
What is driving the water marketplace?
Infrastructure expansion, replacement of
equipment and new water quality regulations.
What new developments are you working on?
Enhanced products to provide higher levels of
treatment more economically.
What products are you showcasing?
SPX/Marley Biomedia Treatment products.
What applications are these suitable for?
Wastewater treatment including nutrient
removal.
What makes these products more suited to
applications than past products?
SPX/Marley has developed Biomedia with
innovative design features which provide
enhanced BOD and nutrient removal with
reduced plugging of the media.
What does the future hold for SPX?
Sales for the SPX/Marley Biomedia continues
to grow as we address the need for products
to meet higher water quality standards in an
economical manner.
What are you looking forward to at
WEFTEC?
Seeing our many satisfied customers and
meeting potential new clients as well. •
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nanofiber technology breathes new life into filtration media design. Use it as a high-
performance coating or stand-alone substrate. NANOWEB’s large number of microscopic pores deliver
superior fine-particle filtration with appreciably increased efficiency. Its innovative design and enhanced
pulse cleanability provide up to 5 times longer filter life. And the durable NANOWEB layer can
add up to 10 times more dust-holding capacity than standard cellulose materials, while again
greatly increasing filtration efficiency. That’s why NANOWEB raises the bar on applications
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40 Application
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Sieving metal powders:

Using ultrasonic
deblinding to
sieve powders
oth an international producer of materials for the chemistry and
B metallurgy industry and a titanium and alloy powders supplier for the
medical industry were in need of a system to sieve metal powders.
Looking to remove contaminants and reduce particle sizes through
sieving, they turned to filtration and separation specialists Russell
Finex for the ultrasonic deblinding equipment to do this.
Treibacher Industrie AG, an international frame, reducing sieving efficiency and
producer of materials for the chemistry damaging the equipment.
and metallurgy industry, produces
ingredients such as Tungsten, Tantal, Continual development
Niobium, Titanium and mixed carbides, Ti- Looking to find a solution to this, in 1989
carbonitrides and special carbides for high Treibacher installed filtration and separation
wear-resistant tools and parts. Used across specialists, Russell Finex’s, ultrasonic deblinding
the world, these ingredients are needed for a technology on its sieving machines, and was one
diverse range of products such as car paint, of the first companies to do so. Since then, this
dental fillings, steel and casting products, technology has proved indispensable in allowing
hard metals, functional ceramics, coatings, Treibacher to manufacture its specialised metal
catalysts and detergents. powders. The company has upgraded Russell
With so many ingredients being manufactured Finex’s ultrasonic equipment each time it has
on a high scale, Treibacher is committed to undergone considerable developments. One such Russell Finex Vibrasonic® Deblinding System.
attaining the highest quality standards. With development was the Vibrasonic® Deblinding
ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 accreditation, System, ultrasonic vibration technology which
Treibacher aims to maintain the quality of its ensures the sieve mesh stays free of clogging,
products, environment and staff. even at the finest sizes. The result is consistently
high throughput, enabling for finer and more
Sieving fine powders precise sieving than many other deblinding
methods currently available.
In order to ensure high product quality,
Treibacher try to use the best processing Treibacher has also successfully used Russell
methods available. One quality assurance Finex sieves and separators for its high
step is sieving its powders. This enables valued powders as they achieve the same
the company to remove contaminants and level of quality. Russell machines and the
supply particle sizes as specified by its end Vibrasonic® Deblinding System can also adapt
customers. However, as is common with to different products, and therefore companies
many fine powders, Treibacher noticed using a range of products range are able to
that sieving at fine mesh sizes posed a use the technology. The latest Vibrasonic®
challenge to supplying high volumes at 2000 Deblinding System, allows for the
repeatable qualities. Due to the nature and settings of the ultrasonics and base machine
characteristics of the particulates of many to be adjusted, and tuning the system can The Finex Separator™ with Vibrasonic® Deblinding
powders, particles can often clog the mesh accommodate the characteristics of particular System.

Filtration+Separation October 2008
powders. With this feature Treibacher can
maintain product quality for very fine particle
sizes, essential for sieving materials such as
nitrides used as coatings for cutting tools and
medical technologies.
Treibacher have recently invested in the
expansion of its production line manufacturing
Tungsten Carbide, and operations manager
Jürgen Eckhart, wanted to ensure the company
selected Finex SeparatorsTM and Vibrasonic®
Deblinding Systems to help meet its new
requirements.
In addition to providing technology to sieve
metal powders, Russell Finex products have
helped fine raw powder producers optimise
particle size distribution, throughput and
material recoverability.
Producing fine grade powders
As an aging population requires more hip,
knee and teeth replacements, suppliers to
the growing medical implant industry are
noticing an increased demand for fine grade
titanium. Whereas powders in the range
of 150 μm/100 mesh are suitable for many
industries, the medical field requires even
finer material, and many suppliers, such as
Reading Alloys, a provider of high purity
titanium and specialty alloy powders, is
responding to demand.
“Medical customers such as plasma spray
coaters increasingly require unique particle
size distributions (PSD) below 75 μm/
above 200 mesh because they are looking
to produce very fine coatings to help join
bone to the implant surface,” explained Dr.
Colin McCracken, development manager of
powder products at Reading Alloys. “This is
often the case for fine grade powders where
laser PSD measurement is preferred.”
According to Dr. McCracken, different
coating process equipment and process
routes require, exceptionally narrow PSD
for fine powder to correctly bond with the
implant surface. Medical coating users often
choose five or more PSD specifications
depending on the medical device treated.
To satisfy this need, Reading Alloys sought
to ramp up its capacity to produce titanium
and alloy powders from 300 μm/50 mesh to
45 μm/325 mesh. However, the company
noticed its existing vibratory screeners
were experiencing problems attaining
the necessary particle size distributions,
throughput, and material recoverability.
Achieving particle size
“It was difficult to prevent the screeners from
blinding, especially at the finer mesh sizes,”
said Charles Motchenbacher, technology
manager for Reading Alloys. “We tried
using a ball deck to agitate the bottom
of the screens, but this contaminated the
The Russell Vibrasonic® Deblinding System being used at the Reading Alloy plant, with one of the company’s
existing screener.
undersized powder, so it could not be used.”
Screening multiple times lengthened the
company’s manufacturing process, which
hindered its high production, 24 hour/ seven
days a week operation.
In search of a solution, Reading Alloys
decided to install an ultrasonic screening
deblinding system from Russell Finex
of Pineville, North Carolina, USA.
The Vibrasonic 2000® system has been
designed to enhance screening efficiency
and is ATEX certified to operate within
areas designated as zone 20, 21, 22, 0, 1
and 2. The system uses a combination of
ultrasonics and conventional vibration and
can be retrofitted onto any new or existing
vibrating separator or screener.
By using an acoustically developed
transducer, an ultrasonic frequency is
applied directly to the screener mesh to
break down surface tension, effectively
rendering the stainless steel wires friction
free. This eliminates mesh blinding and
enables accurate separation down to 20μm
on even difficult powders, while maintaining
product consistency. Downtime is also
reduced and screen life prolonged as the
machine does not have to be stopped for
operators to manually clean and handle the
mesh.
“The Vibrasonic system has helped
eliminate blinding at the fine mesh sizes/
narrow particle size distributions required
by the medical market, all the way to 45
μm/325 mesh,” said Motchenbacher. “It
has enhanced our material throughput to
the point where we can meet specified
Application 41
requirements in virtually a single
screening pass, while improving material
recoverability.”
Motchenbacher highlights the ultrasonic
screener deblinding system’s ease of
operation and its ability to provide precise
control over the production process. “By
attuning the system’s controls to meet
the different setups of our material and
equipment, this has enabled us to match
speed and feeding parameters to our
processes,” commented Motchenbacher. “As
a result, we have optimised production.”
“With the Vibrasonic system, we have been
able to work with medical customers to
achieve their specifications for fine powders
and tight particle size distributions,” added
Dr. McCracken. “Any manufacturing process
requiring precise, efficient screening below
150 μm or above 100 mesh should consider
such a system.”
After inventing ultrasonic deblinding
of meshes over 30 years ago, Russell
Finex’s Vibrasonic technology is now
used in the processing of metal powders,
pharmaceuticals, food, chemical powders,
toner powders, electrostatic powder paints,
ceramics and in a variety of industries. •
Contact:
Russell Finex Ltd
Russell House
Browells Lane
Feltham
Middlesex, UK
TW13 7EW
E-mail: sales@russellfinex.com
www.russellfinex.com
42 Application
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Decontaminating wastewater:
Improving
decontamination
in wastewater
Mexican power plant was in need of a system that could
A effectively and efficiently treat its secondary wastewater stream.
The plant turned to a manufacturer of water purification and
chemical recovery equipment for a new system which could find
a more economical and efficient method of tertiary treatment,
primary demineralisation, and polishing.
Recovery of wastewater for industrial use presents required frequent cleanings and the EDI a high density media, significantly finer than
many challenges for the design and operation system was not consistently producing water of the fine media used in most designs which has
of water treatment equipment. Wastewater sufficient quality. After extensive evaluation, an effective size of about 0.35 mm.
has high levels of dissolved solids, and higher the system supplied by manufacturer of water
Since the lower layer removes the residual
metals content than in natural water sources purification and chemical recovery equipment
quantity of suspended solids not retained in the
and potentially high levels of organic matter, Eco-Tec consisted of the following elements:
upper layer, it effectively defines the filtration
both natural and manmade. At a power plant in
• Pretreatment using a single high efficiency efficiency. While the higher service flow and
Mexico, the wastewater treatment system was
micro media filter; finer media result in larger initial pressure
fed with secondary water used in the production
of boiler water makeup water. This is a gas-fired drops across the filter, the pressure drops are
• Upgraded RO;
combined cycle plant with a generating capacity manageable. Due to the higher flow rate, the
of 600 MW and has been in operation since • Compressed short bed IX demineraliser. diameter of the filter vessel required to treat a
2002. The plant obtains its water from municipal given flow of water can be reduced. The single
Pretreatment micro media vessel is 5.5 ft in diameter and has
primary treatment lagoons/settling ponds. The
main source of water entering the lagoons is Secondary water sources cannot be used a design service flow rate of 15 gal/min/ft2.
municipal sewage. directly as feed to RO systems because they To maximise the cleaning efficiency of the
contain high levels of suspended solids, backwash, the micro media filter operates with
Secondary treatment of the water is provided organics, colloids and biological material a simultaneous air scour/backwash cleaning
at the power plant itself. The sewage treatment even after clarification. A tertiary treatment cycle. Water is drained to the top of the media.
plant uses a biological treatment process to process is required to prevent fouling of Air and water are then passed simultaneously
first oxidise organic matter and NH3 in an the RO membranes. The original system up through the media bed. The water flow
aerobic step and then remove nitrates, formed consisted of two trains of two-stage media expands the media and allows the air to agitate
by NH3 oxidation, by bacterial action under filters. Performance of this filtration system the media much more violently and uniformly
anaerobic conditions. This eliminates biological was poor and showed frequent spikes in the than with water alone. The vessel is then
contaminants and reduces other contaminants solids content of the filtrate. Cartridge filters refilled with water, the air is turned off and a
in the water. The water is then treated with following the media filters, were overtaxed, water backwash flushes dirt from the filter in
lime, which raises the pH of the water, which and solids leaked through to the RO having an the usual manner.
causes the precipitation of dissolved minerals adverse effect on performance, and increased
such as calcium and magnesium and reduces the need for membrane cleaning. Comparing performance
the overall dissolved solids content.
The two-train system of primary and secondary A performance comparison was carried out
The water treatment plant originally consisted media filters was been replaced with a single between the existing sand filter trains and a
of sand filtration, cartridge filtration, two-pass micro media’ dual-media filter, which differs pilot-scale micro media filter (6 inch diameter
reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodeionisation from typical dual media designs. While the column). The feed to the system was the
(EDI). The plant needed additional capacity top media layer consists of coarse anthracite same as that to the sand filters, the feed
and was also experiencing operational similar to that used in many conventional dual stream being split after the point of coagulant
difficulties. RO units fouled rapidly and media filters, the lower ‘micro media’ layer is addition.

Filtration+Separation October 2008
Effluent turbidities over a short period and the
inconsistent performance of the sand filters
was apparent. The initial point of upset for the
sand filters coincided roughly with the time
when one filter was brought back into service
after being backwashed. It is also important to
note that the coagulant dosage was not at the
point required for optimal performance, and
this is most probably the reason for the filtrate
turbidities never falling below 0.2 NTU.
Reverse osmosis
The existing RO system was configured into two
trains, each including three stages and producing
14.2 m3/h. A sample of permeate from the
RO taken just prior to the upgrade indicated a
conductivity of 392 μS/cm. At the time of the
analysis the RO membranes were approximately
three years old. The poor permeate quality was
attributed in part to leaky seals between the
membrane elements and membrane degradation
due to fouling of the membrane.
The upgrade involved replacing the existing
membranes with higher surface area membrane
elements. The permeate flow rate per train was
increased to 28.4 m3/h per train. The original
membrane configuration used membrane
elements with a 7% lower surface area and a
flux rate of 7.5 gal/ft2/day, whereas the upgraded
system operates at a flux of 14 gal/ft2/day. Despite
the increase in fluxes the membranes have
experienced less fouling since commissioning
and the upgraded system produced permeate
with a conductivity ranging from 30-70 μS/cm.
Compressed short bed ion exchange
The original system utilised EDI stacks,
typically used to treat double pass RO
permeate. The plant decided to replace the
EDI cells and expand capacity using a packed
bed ion exhange (IX) system. The technical
considerations for this decision were the
rapid start-up after shut down provided by
the packed bed system, elimination of the
second pass RO requirement, and operating/
maintaining a single type of polishing system.
Standard onsite mixed bed systems have a long
and proven history of successful performance.
Relative to newer EDI and packed bed
technologies, operation and regeneration can
be much more complicated, particularly when
resins age. Many of these problems are related to
resin separation and uniform re-mixing before
and after regeneration.1 Another disadvantage
of mixed bed technology is the high regenerant
consumption and wastewater production.
Packed resin bed technology reduces these
problems by using separate beds of cation
and anion resin that are counter-currently
regenerated. Separating the resins eliminates
the separation and mixing problem. Counter-
current regeneration minimises regenerant
consumption and produces high quality
water by ensuring the highest degree of resin
The previous two stage media filter trains.
regeneration at the bottom of the column. The
cleanest resin is the last to contact the product
water ensuring the lowest contaminant levels.
A further refinement to this technology is the
compressed short bed system,2 with a short
bed height of 3 inch or 6 inch. Other features
include a much smaller resin bead and complete
elimination of internal freeboard. The smaller
bead size greatly improves the kinetics of the
exchange process, which allows operation at
higher flo w rates and reduces the depth of the
active exchange zone. Eliminating freeboard
and operating the resin in a slightly compressed
state ensures that flow is uniformly distributed
and that the resin position is maintained during
regeneration in order to obtain full benefit
of the counter-current operation. One of the
main concerns when using packed bed systems
is resin fouling. Since resin is not backwashed
during regeneration, any accumulated dirt will
not be removed, hence the need for highly
efficient pretreatment. With this in mind,
treatment of RO permeate by packed bed
systems is an ideal application.
When using separate beds of cation and anion
resin the limiting factor with regards to product
water quality is generally sodium leakage from
the cation bed or from residual caustic left
on the anion resin after regeneration. This
becomes problematic when trying to produce
high quality water (<0.1 μmho/cm) and with
higher feed TDS (>25 mg/L).
Given the feed composition and product water
quality target a cation/anion bed combination is
not sufficient even with a compressed short bed
system, a third polishing bed of cation resin is
added to remove low levels of sodium. This low
level allows the use of a bed only three inches
deep, operated at an even higher flux with very
infrequent regeneration. A single train skid-
mounted compressed bed system with cation/
anion/polishing cation beds was supplied.
Application 43
Upgrade successful
Altogether, an upgraded and expanded water
treatment plant was supplied to treat a secondary
wastewater stream. A high purity product
water with a conductivity <= 0.6 μmho/cm was
produced and supplied as boiler make-up water.
Tertiary treatment is provided by a high efficiency
media filter replacing existing sand filters and was
found to be more economic than ultrafiltration.
This filter typically produced filtrate with a
turbidity 0.1 NTU and SDI values of <3. Primary
demineralisation is provided by a single pass RO
system using low fouling composite membranes.
Permeate quality ranges from 30 – 75 μmho/
cm when treating feed water with a TDS of
700 – 1,000 mg/L. Polishing is provided by a
compressed short bed IX system, which replaced
existing EDI cells. The new system is able to
operate on a feed with a much higher TDS
eliminating the need for second pass RO. The
problem of slow EDI start-up after shut down was
also addressed. All performance objectives were
achieved and the system has now been in service
for over a year without any problems. •
Contact:
Michael Sheedy
Vice President - Technology Development
Eco-Tec Inc.
Tel: +1 905 427 0077
E-mail: msheedy@eco-tec.com
www.eco-tec.com
References
1. Smith, J.H, Renouf, P.W. and Crossen,
M. – 50 Years in Separate Beds, Technical
Paper presented at the International Water
Conference 1984.
2. Sheedy, M. and Kutzora, P. – The Use of
Short Bed Ion Exchange Technology for the
Product of High Purity Water at WE Energies
PPPP, Technical Paper presented at the
International Water Conference 2004.
44 Product finder
Product Finder
ACTIVATED CARBON
Blücher GmbH
Mettmanner Str. 25
D-40699 Erkrath
Tel.: + 49 211 92 44 0
Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
Email: info@bluecher.com
Website: www.bluecher.com
Carbon Filter Technology Ltd
Gairie Works
Kirriemuir, Angus
Scotland, DD8 4BL
Tel: +44 (0)1575 570218
Fax:: +44 (0)575 574333
Email: sales@carbfilt.co.uk
Website: www.carbfilt.co.uk
Charcoal Cloth International
Rainton Bridge Industrial Estate
Houghton-Le-Spring
Tyne & Wear, DH4 5PP, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 191 584 6962
Fax: +44 (0) 191 584 6793
Email: cci@calgoncarbon-eu.com
Website: www.chemvironcarbon.
com
Lydall Filtration/Separation,
Inc.
Headquarters
P.O. Box 1960
Rochester
NH 03866-1960, USA
Tel: +1 603 332 4600
Fax: +1 603 332 3734
Europe
Saint Rivalain
56310 Melrand, France
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90
Email: info@lydall.com
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
Molecular Products Inc.
PO Box 640
Lafayette Colorado
80026, USA
Tel: +1 303 666 4400
Fax: +1 303 665 0563
Email: salesusa@molprod.com
Website: www.molecularproducts.
com/?userlocation=usa
Molecular Products Ltd.
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Tel: +44 (0) 1371 830676
Email: sales@molprod.com
Molecular Products Asia Ltd.
Tel: +852 2819 5238
Email: sales@molprod.com
ACTIVATED CARBON
FILTERS
Purification Products
Reliance Works, Saltaire Road
Shipley, West Yorkshire
BD18 3HL, UK
Tel: +44 1274 530 155
Fax: +44 1274 580 453
Email: sales@purification.co.uk
Website: www.purification.co.uk
Activated carbon filter media.
Other active powders can be
incorporated. Custom medias
manufactured.
If you would like to feature in
Product Finder
contact:
Sally Pye
Tel: +44 (0) 1865 843081
E-mail: s.pye@elsevier.com
The cost per category is £290/$460/440 for 12 months
Elsevier Ltd, PO Box 150, Kidlington,
Oxford, OX5 1AS, UK.
Filtration+Separation October 2008
AIR FILTERS Germany Fax: + 1 845 226 8565 Tel: +49 (0)681 5001 460
Tel: +49 8321 802 200 Email: infousa@bopp.com Fax:: +49 (0)681 5001 499
Freudenberg Vliesstoffe KG Fax: +49 8321 802 220 Website: www.bopp.com Email: filtration@itn-nanovation.com
Filter Division Email: info@bhs-sonthofen.de Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Weinheim, D-69465, Germany World-leading wire mesh producer/
Tel: +49 6201 80 6264 manufacturer offers the largest
Fax: +49 6201 88 6299 BELT (DEWATERING specifications & alloys available CERAMIC
Email: PRESSING & DRYING) including fabricated components. MEMBRANES
filter-service@freudenberg-nw.com DFARS / ISO 9001:2000
Website: www.viledon-filter.com Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Ltd Novasep Process
10/11 Brindley Court G. Bopp & Co., AG Novasep Process
Lymedale Business Park Site Saint Maurice de Beynost
Zurich, Switzerland
AIR MEDIA FILTER Newcastle-under-Lyme Tel: +41 (0) 44 377 66 66 5 Chemin du Pilon
Staffordshire Email: info@bopp.com Miribel Cedex
Hollingsworth & Vose F-01708, France
ST5 9QH
Corporate Headquarters Tel: +33 (4)72 01 2727
Tel. +44 (0) 1782 578650 Paul GmbH & Co
112 Washington Street Fax: +33 (4)78 55 38 33
Fax. +44 (0) 1782 260534 Metallgewebe-u. Filterfabriken
East Walpole Email: novasep-process@novasep.com
Email: enquiries@as-h.com Industriegebiet West
MA 02032, USA Website: www.novasep.com
www.ashbrooksimonhartley.co.uk D-36396 Steinau, Germany
Tel: +1 508 850 2000
Fax: +1 508 668 3557 Tel: +49 666 397 80
Euroby Limited Tami Industries
Email: info@hovo.com Fax: +49 666 397 8190
F - 26110, Les Laurons, Nyons
Website: www.hollingsworth-vose. Columbia House Email: info@paco-online.com
France
com Columbia Drive, Worthing Website: www.paco-online.com
Tel: +33 475 264 769
Sussex, BN13 3HD Fax: +33 475 264 787
Filtration Applications:
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Tel: +44 1903 694400 CENTRIFUGES (FGD) Email:
Fax: +44 1903 694477 tami-info@tami-industries.com
Europe: + 49 6467 801 4125 Andritz Ltd Website: www.tami-industries.com
Email: sales@euroby.com
(Engine Filtration) Speedwell Road
Brussels: + 32 2 725 6260 Website: www.itn-nanovation.com Parkhouse East
Americas: +1 508 850 Newcastle-Under-Lyme COMPRESSED AIR
Veolia Water Solutions & Staffordshire, ST5 7RG FILTERS
Lydall Filtration/Separation, Technologies Tel: +44 1782 565656
Inc. Whittle Road, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent, Fax: +44 1782 566130 Airfilter Engineering (M) Sdn
Headquarters Staffordshire, ST3 7QD, UK Email: welcome@andritzltd.com Bhd
P.O. Box 1960 Tel: +44 (0) 1782 599000 Website: www.andritz.com No. 20, Jalan Anggerik Mokara
Rochester Fax: +44 (0) 1782 599001 31/47
NH 03866-1960, USA Email: enquiries@veoliawaterst. Euroby Limited Section 31, Kota Kemuning
Tel: +1 603 332 4600 co.uk Columbia House 40460 Shah Alam, Selangor
Fax: +1 603 332 3734 Website: www.veoliawaterst.co.uk Columbia Drive, Worthing Malaysia
Sussex, BN13 3HD Tel: +603 5122 4975
Europe Fax+: +603 5121 2069
BOLTING CLOTH Tel: +44 1903 694400
Email: enquiries@airfilterengineer
Saint Rivalain Fax: +44 1903 694477
56310 Melrand, France Saati S.p.A. Email: sales@euroby.com ing.com
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00 Via Milano14 Website: www.itn-nanovation.com Website: www.airfilterengineering.
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90 22070 Appiano Gentile (Como) com
Email: info@lydall.com Italy Gruppo Pieralisi
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com Tel: +39 031 9711 1 Via Don Battistoni Europe
Fax: +39 031 933392 I-60035 Jesi, Ancona, Italy (Marketing & Distribution Center)
Email: info.it@saatitech.com Tel: +39 0731 2311 AFE Airfilter Europe GmbH
AUTOMATIC FILTER Website: www.saati.com Fax: +39 0731 231 239 Lueddigstrasse 8,
D-53332 Bornheim,
MEDIA FOLDING/ Email: info@pieralisi.com
Germany.
Website: www.pieralisi.com
SPACER INSERTION CABIN AIR / GAS MASK Tel: +49 (0) 2227 921 0130
MACHINE FILTER PRODUCTION Fax: +49 (0) 2227 921 0132
LINES CENTRIFUGES Email: sales@airfilter-europe.com
A2Z Filtration Specialities (CHEMICALS & vertrieb@airfilter-europe.com
Pvt. Ltd. A2Z Filtration Specialities PHARMACEUTICALS) Website: www.airfilter-europe.com
(Designers & Engineers) Pvt. Ltd.
Design Centre & Manufacturing (Designers & Engineers) Euroby Limited COMPRESSED AIR
Facility Design Centre & Manufacturing Columbia House
D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33, Facility Columbia Drive, Worthing FILTERS + DRYERS
Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33, Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
HI-Line Industries Ltd
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700, Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA 5 Crown Industrial Estate
+ 91 (124) 221 2841 Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700, Fax: +44 1903 694477
Oxford Street
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388, + 91 (124) 221 2841 Email: sales@euroby.com
Burton-on-Trent
+91 (124) 221 2840, Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388, Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Staffordshire, England
+91 (11) 4166 0134 +91 (124) 221 2840, DE14 3PG
E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com +91 (11) 4166 0134
a2zfiltration@vsnl.net E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com CENTRIFUGES Tel: +44 (0)1283 533377
info@a2zfiltration.com a2zfiltration@vsnl.net (STARCH & FOOD Fax: +44 (0)1283 533367
Email: enquiries@hilineindustries.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com info@a2zfiltration.com PROCESSING) Website: www.hilineindustries.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com
Contact Persons: Mr. Digvijai Singh Contact Persons: Mr. Digvijai Singh Euroby Limited
and Mr. Anoop Singh. and Mr. Anoop Singh. Columbia House CONSULTANTS FOR
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
FILTRATION
For manufacture of Hepa Filters A2Z has introduced an automated
line that is flexible, fit to purpose Tel: +44 1903 694400 Bokela GmbH,
with aluminium spacer formation Fax: +44 1903 694477
and insertion to required sizes and cost effective for filter Gottesauer Strasse 28
manufacturers. Email: sales@euroby.com Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
depending on customers Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Tel: +49 721 9 64 56 0
specifications.
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10
CANDLE FILTERS CERAMIC FILTERS Email: bokela@bokela.com
BELT FILTERS Website: www.bokela.com
G. Bopp USA Inc
One Commerce Court, Suite 1 ItN Nanovation AG
BHS-Sonthofen GmbH Wappingers Falls, Untertürkheimer Straße 25
Hans-Boeckler Strasse 7 NY12590, USA 66117 Saarbrücken
Sonthofen, D-87527 Tel: +1 845 226 3839 Germany
Advertisers’ Guide to Filtration & Separation Finder
By listing your Company in Product Finder you will benefit from many new leads.
The new format permits buyers of filters and ancillary products to make direct
contact with your sales force.
Please note that if a suitable heading is not listed we will create a new one specifically
for you.
Reader Guide to Filtration & Separation Finder
Designed as a directory the companies and their products listed here are amongst the
world’s leading manufacturers and suppliers.
To obtain further information simply call, fax, e-mail or visit their website.
 Product finder 45
Filtration+Separation October 2008

DECANTERS
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Gruppo Pieralisi
1 Via Don Battistoni
I-60035, Jesi, Ancona, Italy
Tel: +39 0731 2311
Fax: +39 0731 231 239
Email: info@pieralisi.com
Website: www.pieralisi.com
DEWATERING
EQUIPMENT/FILTERS
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Gruppo Pieralisi
1 Via Don Battistoni
I-60035 Jesi, Ancona Italy
Tel: +39 0731 2311
Fax: +39 0731 231 239
Email: info@pieralisi.com
Website: www.pieralisi.com
Veolia Water Solutions
& Technologies
Whittle Road, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent,
Staffordshire, ST3 7QD, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1782 599000
Fax: +44 (0) 1782 599001
Email:
enquiries@veoliawaterst.co.uk
Website: www.veoliawaterst.co.uk
DISC FILTERS
Veolia Water Solutions &
Technologies
Whittle Road, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent,
Staffordshire, ST3 7QD, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1782 599000
Fax: +44 (0) 1782 599001
Email:
enquiries@veoliawaterst.co.uk
Website: www.veoliawaterst.co.uk
DROPLET
GENERATORS
PALAS GmbH
Greschbachstr 3b
Karlsruhe, D-76229
Germany
Tel: +49 721 962 130
Fax: +49 721 962 1333
Email: mail@palas.de
Website: www.palas.de
DRYING AND DRYERS
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
DUST GENERATORS
PALAS GmbH
Greschbachstr 3b
Karlsruhe , D-76229, Germany
Tel: +49 721 962130
Fax: +49 721 962133
Email: mail@palas.de
Website: www.palas.de
FABRICS, WOVEN
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
Fax: +39 031 933392
Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Website: www.saati.com
FILTER BAGS &
SLEEVES
BWF Tec GmbH & Co. KG
BWF Envirotec
Bahnhofstrasse 20
D-89362 Offingen, Germany
Tel: +49 8224 71 0
Fax: +49 8224 71 21 44
Email: BWF-Envirotec@bwf-group.
de
Website: www.bwf-group.de
BWF Envirotec provides filter bags,
filter elements and filter pockets
made of synthetic fibres and scrims
for industrial flue gas cleaning,
product recovery, separation of
solids from liquids
Khosla Profil Pvt Ltd
2 Laxmi Towers, 8th Floor, B Wing
Bandra-Kurla Complex
Mumbai 400051
India
Tel +91 22 3061 3061
Tel + 91 22 3061 3062
Email: kppfilters@puritytex.com/
purity@vsnl.com
Website: www.puritytex.com
ICT FILTRACIÓN, S.L.
Psje. Pare Claret, 15 - 25
08390 MONTGAT (Barcelona)
Tel + 34 902 999 433
Fax + 34 934 642 763
Email: ict@ictfiltracion.com
Web: www.ictfiltracion.com
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
Fax: +39 031 933392
Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Website: www.saati.com
FILTER CLOTHS,
MONOFILAMENT
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
Fax: +39 031 933392
Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Website: www.saati.com
FILTER COMPONENTS
& END CAPS
A2Z Filtration Specialities
Pvt. Ltd.
(Designers & Engineers)
Design Centre & Manufacturing
Facility
D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33,
Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700,
+ 91 (124) 221 2841
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388,
+91 (124) 221 2840,
+91 (11) 4166 0134
E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com
a2zfiltration@vsnl.net
info@a2zfiltration.com
Website: www.a2zfiltration.com
Contact Persons: Mr. Digvijai Singh
and Mr. Anoop Singh.
A2Z offers over 700 part numbers of
pressed sheet metal and machined
parts, aluminium cast caps Nylon6
glass filled components.
The Expanded Metal
Company
Longhill Industrial Estate
Hartlepool, TS25 1PR, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1429 867388
Fax: +44 (0)1429 866795
Email: sales@exmesh.co.uk
Website:
www.expandedmetalcompany.co.uk
FILTER EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANACE &
SERVICING
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
FILTER MEDIA
A Kayser GmbH u. Co. KG
Textile Filtermedien
Baustraße, 38
D-37574, Einbeck
Tel: +49 (0)55 61 79020
Fax: +49 (0)55 61 7902/2870
Email: info@kayser-textil.com
Website: www.kayser-textil.de
Blücher GmbH
Mettmanner Str. 25
D-40699 Erkrath
Tel.: + 49 211 92 44 0
Fax: + 49 211 92 44 211
Email: info@bluecher.com
Website: www.bluecher.com
Based on spherical adsorbers.
FINSA – Filtros Industriales,
S.L.
Joan Monpeo 144
08223 Terrassa (Barcelona)
SPAIN
Tel + 34 93 786 18 61
Fax + 34 93 785 83 59
Email: finsa@finsaspain.com
Website: www.finsaspain.com
Haver & Boecker
Wire Weaving Division
Ennigerloher St. 64
Oelde, D-59302
Germany
Tel: +49 2522 300
Fax: +49 2522 304 04
Email: dw@haverboecker.com
Website: www.weavingideas.com
Hollingsworth & Vose
Company
Corporate Headquarters
112 Washington Street
East Walpole,
MA 02032, USA
Tel: +1 508 850 2000
Fax: +1 508 668 3557
Email: info@hovo.com
Website:
www.hollingsworth-vose.com
Filtration Applications:
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Europe: +49 646 78010 (Engine
Filtratration)
Europe: +32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850 2000
ICT FILTRACIÓN, S.L.
Psje. Pare Claret, 15 - 25
08390 MONTGAT (Barcelona)
Tel + 34 902 999 433
Fax + 34 934 642 763
Email: ict@ictfiltracion.com
Web: www.ictfiltracion.com
Khosla Profil Pvt Ltd
2 Laxmi Towers, 8th Floor, B Wing
Bandra-Kurla Complex
Mumbai 400051
India
Tel +91 22 3061 3061
Tel + 91 22 3061 3062
Email: kppfilters@puritytex.com/
purity@vsnl.com
Website: www.puritytex.com
Lydall Filtration/Separation,
Inc.
Headquarters
P.O. Box 1960
Rochester
NH 03866-1960, USA
Tel: +1 603 332 4600
Fax: +1 603 332 3734
Europe
Saint Rivalain
56310 Melrand, France
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90
Email: info@lydall.com
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711 Presswell FiIters Pvt Ltd
Fax: +39 031 933392 146-147, Macche Industrial Estate
Email: info.it@saatitech.com Macche
Website: www.saati.com Belgaum 590014
India
Tel: +91 (0) 831 241 1054/5/6
FILTER MEDIA, Fax: +91 (0) 831 241 1057
NONWOVENS Email: presswell@sify.com
Hollingsworth & Vose
Corporate Headquarters
Veolia Water Solutions &
112 Washington Street
East Walpole
Technologies
Whittle Road, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent,
MA 02032, USA
Staffordshire, ST3 7QD, UK
Tel: +1 508 850 2000
Fax: +1 508 668 3557
Tel: +44 (0) 1782 599000
Fax: +44 (0) 1782 599001
Email: info@hovo.com
Email:
Website: www.hollingsworth-vose.
enquiries@veoliawaterst.co.uk
com
Website: www.veoliawaterst.co.uk
Filtration Applications:
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Europe: + 49 6467 801 4125 FILTER PLEATING
(Engine Filtration) MACHINES
Brussels: + 32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850 A2Z Filtration Specialities
Pvt. Ltd.
Lydall Filtration/Separation, (Designers & Engineers)
Inc. Design Centre & Manufacturing
Headquarters
Facility
P.O. Box 1960 D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33,
Rochester Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA
NH 03866-1960, USA Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700,
Tel: +1 603 332 4600 + 91 (124) 221 2841
Fax: +1 603 332 3734 Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388,
+91 (124) 221 2840,
Europe +91 (11) 4166 0134
Saint Rivalain E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com
56310 Melrand, France a2zfiltration@vsnl.net
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90 Contact Persons: Mr. Digvijai Singh
Email: info@lydall.com and Mr. Anoop Singh.
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
A variety of pleating equipment
FILTER PAPER including Blade, Rotary, Star
Pleaters and special configuration
Hollingsworth & Vose
pleating equipment
Corporate Headquarters
112 Washington Street
East Walpole JCEM GmbH, headquarters
MA 02032, USA engineering & manufacturing
Tel: +1 508 850 2000 Industrie Allmend 27 / CH – 4629
Fulenbach
Fax: +1 508 668 3557
Email: info@hovo.com t: + 41 62 926 44 80 /
Website: www.hollingsworth-vose. f: + 41 62 926 44 81
Email: info@jcem.ch
com
www.jcem.ch
Filtration Applications: Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic-
Christakos
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Sales & Marketing Manager
Europe: + 49 6467 801 4125
Email: vesna@jcem.ch
(Engine Filtration)
Brussels: + 32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850 JCEM usa
exclusive distribution
11201 ampere court / louisville, ky
FILTER PAPER AND 40299
PULP TESTING T: + 1 502 261 8222 / f: + 1 502
EQUIPMENT 261 8225
Email: info@jcemusa.com
A2Z Filtration Specialities Pvt www.jcemusa.com
Ltd (Designers & Engineers) Contact Person: Chris Lyons
Corporate Office : Sales Technician
11, Poorvi Marg, Email: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Vasant Vihar
New Delhi - 110 057, India Karl Rabofsky GmbH
Tel: +91 (11) 4166 0133 Motzener Str 10a, Berlin,
Fax: +91 (11) 4166 0134 D-12277, Germany
Email: corporate@a2zfiltration.com Tel: +49 30 713 0260
Website : www.a2zfiltration.com Fax: +49 30 713 02613
Email: rabofsky@rabofsky.de
Design Centre & Manufacturing Website: www.rabofsky.de
Facility
D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33, Karl Rabofsky American
Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA
Corp.
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700, 20 Hampden Drive, S. Easton,
+ 91 (124) 221 2841
MA 02375, USA
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388,
Tel: +1 508 238 34 44
+91 (124) 221 2840,
Fax: +1 508 238 01 44
+91 (11) 4166 0134
Email: rabofsky@rabofsky-america.
E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com com
a2zfiltration@vsnl.net
Contact persons : Mr. Digvijai FILTER PRESSES
Singh and Mr. Anoop Singh
Andritz Ltd
Speedwell Road
A large variety of test equipment
used by the paper and Parkhouse East
Newcastle-Under-Lyme
pulp industry, and also filter
Staffordshire, ST5 7RG
manufacturers is available.
Tel: +44 1782 565656
Fax: +44 1782 566130
FILTER PLATES Email: welcome@andritzltd.com
Website: www.andritz.com
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Arai Machinery Corporation
Columbia Drive, Worthing 2-7-19 Okata
Sussex, BN13 3HD Atsugi-shi
Tel: +44 1903 694400 Kanagawa-ken
Fax: +44 1903 694477 243-0021
Japan
Email: sales@euroby.com Tel: +81 (0) 46 227 0461
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com Fax: +81 (0) 46 227 0463
Email: arai@arai-machinery.co.jp
Web: http:// www.arai-machinery.co.jp
46 Product finder
Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Ltd
10/11 Brindley Court
Lymedale Business Park
Newcastle-under-Lyme
Staffordshire
ST5 9QH
Tel. +44 (0) 1782 578650
Fax. +44 (0) 1782 260534
Email: enquiries@as-h.com
www.ashbrooksimonhartley.co.uk
Diemme SpA
Via Bedazzo 19, 48022,
Lugo (RA), Italy
Tel: +39 0545 20611
Fax: +39 0545 30358
Email: filterdiv@diemme-spa.com
Website: www.diemme-spa.com/
filtration
Dinshaw Filtration Systems
Pvt Ltd
265, M.S. Road,
Grant Road Corner
Near Royal Cinema
Mumbai 400 008
India
Tel: 0091 22 23864782/3/9
Fax: 0091 22 23 807 439
Email: info@dinshaw.com
dinshaw@bom3.vsnl.net.in
Website: www.dinshaw.com/net
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
ICT FILTRACIÓN, S.L.
Psje. Pare Claret, 15 - 25
08390 MONTGAT (Barcelona)
Tel + 34 902 999 433
Fax + 34 934 642 763
Email: ict@ictfiltracion.com
Web: www.ictfiltracion.com
'Progress' Berdichev
Machine Building Plant', JSC
5 Leontovicha Street,
Kiev, 01030
Ukraine
Tel: +38 044 490 3888
Fax: +38 044 490 3899
Email: katie@progress.ua
Website: www.progress.ua
Veolia Water Solutions &
Technologies
Whittle Road, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent,
Staffordshire, ST3 7QD, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1782 599000
Fax: +44 (0) 1782 599001
Email: enquiries@veoliawaterst.
co.uk
Website: www.veoliawaterst.co.uk
FILTER PRESSES
(SERVICES AND
SPARES)
Andritz Ltd
Speedwell Road
Parkhouse East
Newcastle-Under-Lyme
Staffordshire, ST5 7RG
Tel: +44 1782 565656
Fax: +44 1782 566130
Email: welcome@andritzltd.com
Website: www.andritz.com
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
FILTER TESTING
EQUIPMENT
PALAS GmbH
Greschbachstr 3b
Karlsruhe, D 76229
Germany
Tel: +49 721 962130
Fax: +49 721 962133
Email: mail@palas.de
Website: www.palas.de
GLASS FIBRE MEDIA
Lydall Filtration/Separation,
Inc.
Headquarters
P.O. Box 1960
Rochester
NH 03866-1960, USA
Tel: +1 603 332 4600
Fax: +1 603 332 3734
Europe
Saint Rivalain
56310 Melrand, France
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90
Email: info@lydall.com
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
LIQUID FILTER MEDIA
Hollingsworth & Vose
Corporate Headquarters
112 Washington Street
East Walpole
MA 02032, USA
Tel: +1 508 850 2000
Fax: +1 508 668 3557
Email: info@hovo.com
Website: www.hollingsworth-vose.
com
Filtration Applications:
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Europe: + 49 6467 801 4125
(Engine Filtration)
Brussels: + 32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850
Lydall Filtration/Separation,
Inc.
Headquarters
P.O. Box 1960
Rochester
NH 03866-1960, USA
Tel: +1 603 332 4600
Fax: +1 603 332 3734
Europe
Saint Rivalain
56310 Melrand, France
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90
Email: info@lydall.com
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
MAGNETIC
EQUIPMENT
Goudsmit Magnetic Systems
BV
PO box 18, Petunialaan 19,
5580 AA Waalre, Netherlands,
Tel: +31 (0) 40 2213283
Fax: +31 (0) 40 2217325
Email: info@goudsmit-magnetics.nl
Website:
www.goudsmit-magnetics.nl
MEDIA, PAPER -
TREATED
Hollingsworth & Vose
Company
Corporate Headquarters
112 Washington Street
East Walpole,
MA 02032, USA
Tel: +1 508 850 2000
Fax: +1 508 668 3557
Email: info@hovo.com
Website:
www.hollingsworth-vose.com
Filtration Applications:
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Europe: +49 646 78010 (Engine
Filtratration)
Europe: +32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850 2000
Lydall Filtration/Separation,
Inc.
Headquarters
P.O. Box 1960
Rochester
NH 03866-1960, USA
Tel: +1 603 332 4600
Fax: +1 603 332 3734
Europe
Saint Rivalain
56310 Melrand, France
Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90
Email: info@lydall.com
Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
Filtration+Separation October 2008
MEMBRANES +91 (124) 221 2840, Lydall Filtration/Separation,
+91 (11) 4166 0134 Inc.
Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S. E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com Headquarters
Stavangervej 10 a2zfiltration@vsnl.net P.O. Box 1960
Nakskov 4900, Denmark Rochester
Tel +45 70 204 900 Contact persons : Mr. Digvijai Singh NH 03866-1960, USA
Fax +45 70 204 910 and Mr. Anoop Singh Tel: +1 603 332 4600
Email: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval. Fax: +1 603 332 3734
com Manufacturers should be aware of
Website: www.alfalaval.com the advantages of using expanded Europe
metal as opposed to perforated Saint Rivalain
Donaldson Advanced sheet due to rising steel costs. 56310 Melrand, France
Filtration Tel; +33 2 97 28 53 00
7 The Parks
Newton Le Willows
MICROFILTRATION Fax: +33 2 97 39 58 90
Email: info@lydall.com
WA12 0JQ Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S. Website: www.lydallfiltration.com
England Stravangervej 10
Tel: +44 (0) 1942 711 711 Nakskov, DK-4900, Denmark PGI Nordlys SAS
Fax: +44 (0) 1942 711 571 Tel: +45 70 204 900 ZI de la Blanche Maison
Email: advanced-filtration@emea. Fax: +45 70 204 910 Avenues des Nations Unies
donaldson.com Email: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval. BP 109 - 59270
Website: www.donaldson.com com Bailleul, France
Website: www.alfalaval.com Tel: +33 (0) 3 28 43 74 74
Euroby Limited Arai Machinery Corporation Fax: +33 (0) 3 28 43 74 72
Columbia House 2-7-19 Okata Email: bdesurmont@pginw.com
Columbia Drive, Worthing Atsugi-shi Website: www.pgi-industrial-europe.
Sussex, BN13 3HD Kanagawa-ken com
Tel: +44 1903 694400 243-0021
Fax: +44 1903 694477 Japan
Email: sales@euroby.com Tel: +81 (0) 46 227 0461 OIL / WATER
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com Fax: +81 (0) 46 227 0463 SEPARATORS
Email: arai@arai-machinery.co.jp
Novasep Process Web: Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Novasep Process http:// www.arai-machinery.co.jp
Site Saint Maurice de Beynost Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
5 Chemin du Pilon Bokela GmbH
Miribel Cedex Tel: +44 1903 694400
Gottesauer Strasse 28
F-01708, France Fax: +44 1903 694477
Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
Tel: +33 (4)72 01 2727 Email: sales@euroby.com
Tel: +49 721 964 56 0
Fax: +33 (4)78 55 38 33 Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10 Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Email: novasep-process@novasep.
Email: bokela@bokela.com
com Website: www.bokela.com Saati S.p.A.
Website: www.novasep.com Via Milano14
Tecan Ltd. 22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Tecan Way Italy
MEMBRANE PRESSES Granby Industrial Estate Tel: +39 031 9711
Weymouth Fax: +39 031 933392
Euroby Limited Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Columbia House Dorset
DT4 9TU, UK Website: www.saati.com
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD Tel: +44 (0)1305 765432
Tel: +44 1903 694400 Fax: +44 (0)1305 780194 PAPER MEDIA,
Fax: +44 1903 694477 Email: d.worsdell@tecan.co.uk
Email: sales@euroby.com Website: www.tecan.co.uk TREATED
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com Hollingsworth & Vose
MINIATURE PUMPS Corporate Headquarters
112 Washington Street
MESH, SYNTHETIC Gardner Denver Thomas East Walpole
Netten GmbH MA 02032, USA
Siemensstrasse 4 Tel: +1 508 850 2000
149 Avenue de Bretagne
59000 Lille Puchheim, D-82178 Fax: +1 508 668 3557
Germany Email: info@hovo.com
France
Tel: +33 3 20 08 05 99 Tel: +49 89 809 00 0 Website:
www.hollingsworth-vose.com
Fax: + 33 3 20 08 05 71 Fax: +49 89 808 36 8
Filtration Applications:
Email: emmanuel.denjean@netten.fr Email: info.puc@rtpumps.com
Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Website: www.netten.fr Website: www.rtpumps.com/puc
Europe: + 49 6467 801 4125
Specialists in extruded plastic
(Engine Filtration)
meshes
NANOFILTRATION Brussels: + 32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850
Saati S.p.A. Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S.
Via Milano14 Stravangervej 10
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como) Nakskov, DK-4900, Denmark PARTICLE SIZING
Italy Tel: +45 70 204 900 EQUIPMENT
Tel: +39 031 9711 Fax: +45 70 204 910
Fax: +39 031 933392 Email: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval. PALAS GmbH,
Email: info.it@saatitech.com com Greschbachstr 3b
Website: www.saati.com Website: www.alfalaval.com Karlsruhe, D-76229
Germany
METAL CLOTH Novasep Process Tel: +49 721 962130
Novasep Process Fax: +49 721 9621333
Paul GmbH & Co Site Saint Maurice de Beynost Email: mail@palas.de
Metallgewebe-u. Filterfabriken 5 Chemin du Pilon Website: www.palas.de
Industriegebiet West Miribel Cedex
D-36396 Steinau, Germany F-01708, France
Tel: +49 666 397 80 Tel: +33 (4)72 01 2727 PLEATED CARTRIDGES
Fax: +49 666 397 8190 Fax: +33 (4)78 55 38 33 Saati S.p.A.
Email: info@paco-online.com Email: novasep-process@novasep. Via Milano14
Website: www.paco-online.com com 22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Website: www.novasep.com Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
METAL EXPANDER Fax: +39 031 933392
LINE FROM DECOILER NONWOVEN MEDIA Email: info.it@saatitech.com
TO RECOILER Website: www.saati.com
Hollingsworth & Vose
Corporate Headquarters
A2Z Filtration Specialities Pvt 112 Washington Street
Ltd (Designers & Engineers) East Walpole PLEATING MACHINERY
Corporate Office : MA 02032, USA
11, Poorvi Marg, Tel: +1 508 850 2000 JCEM GmbH, headquarters
Vasant Vihar Fax: +1 508 668 3557 engineering & manufacturing
New Delhi - 110 057, India Industrie Allmend 27 / CH – 4629
Email: info@hovo.com
Tel: +91 (11) 4166 0133
Website: www.hollingsworth-vose. Fulenbach
Fax: +91 (11) 4166 0134 t: + 41 62 926 44 80 /
com
Email: corporate@a2zfiltration.com f: + 41 62 926 44 81
Website : www.a2zfiltration.com Email: info@jcem.ch
Filtration Applications:
www.jcem.ch
Design Centre & Manufacturing Asia: +86 512 6283 8918
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic-
Facility Europe: + 49 6467 801 4125
Christakos
D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33, (Engine Filtration)
Sales & Marketing Manager
Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA Brussels: + 32 2 725 6260
Americas: +1 508 850 Email: vesna@jcem.ch
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700,
+ 91 (124) 221 2841
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388,
 Product finder 47
Filtration+Separation October 2008

JCEM usa
exclusive distribution
11201 ampere court / louisville, ky
40299
T: + 1 502 261 8222 / f: + 1 502
261 8225
Email: info@jcemusa.com
www.jcemusa.com
Contact Person: Chris Lyons
Sales Technician
Email: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Karl Rabofsky GmbH
Motzener Str 10a, Berlin,
D-12277, Germany
Tel: +49 30 713 0260
Fax: +49 30 713 02613
Email: rabofsky@rabofsky.de
Website: www.rabofsky.de
Karl Rabofsky American
Corp.
20 Hampden Drive, S. Easton,
MA 02375, USA
Tel: +1 508 238 34 44
Fax: +1 508 238 01 44
Email: rabofsky@rabofsky-america.
com
PRESSURE FILTERS
Bokela GmbH
Gottesauer Strasse 28
Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
Tel: +49 721 964 56 0
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10
Email: bokela@bokela.com
Website: www.bokela.com
PRESSURE PLATE
FILTERS
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
REVERSE OSMOSIS
Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S.
Stravangervej 10
Nakskov, DK-4900, Denmark
Tel: +45 70 204 900
Fax: +45 70 204 910
Email: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.
com
Website: www.alfalaval.com
ROTARY, BLADE
PLEATERS AND OTHER
SPM’s
A2Z Filtration Specialities
Pvt. Ltd.
(Designers & Engineers)
Design Centre & Manufacturing
Facility
D-1, Infocity, Phase -II, Sector - 33,
Gurgaon 122 001 INDIA
Tel: +91 (124) 478 8700,
+ 91 (124) 221 2841
Fax: +91 (124) 400 1388,
+91 (124) 221 2840,
+91 (11) 4166 0134
E-Mail: marketing@a2zfiltration.com
a2zfiltration@vsnl.net
Contact Persons: Mr. Digvijai Singh
and Mr. Anoop Singh.
A2Z specializes in all styles of
Pleaters – Blade, Geared and
Rotary Pleaters with Pleat Lock,
Dimple, Zigzag and Conventional
Design.
JCEM GmbH, headquarters
engineering & manufacturing
Industrie Allmend 27 / CH – 4629
Fulenbach
t: + 41 62 926 44 80 /
f: + 41 62 926 44 81
Email: info@jcem.ch
www.jcem.ch
Contact Person: Vesna Mladenovic-
Christakos
Sales & Marketing Manager
Email: vesna@jcem.ch
JCEM usa
exclusive distribution
11201 ampere court / louisville, ky
40299
T: + 1 502 261 8222 / f: + 1 502
261 8225
Email: info@jcemusa.com
www.jcemusa.com
Contact Person: Chris Lyons
Sales Technician
Email: chris.lyons@jcemusa.com
Karl Rabofsky GmbH
Motzener Str 10a, Berlin,
D-12277, Germany
Tel: +49 30 713 0260
Fax: +49 30 713 02613
Email: rabofsky@rabofsky.de
Website: www.rabofsky.de
Karl Rabofsky American
Corp.
20 Hampden Drive, S. Easton,
MA 02375, USA
Tel: +1 508 238 34 44
Fax: +1 508 238 01 44
Email: rabofsky@rabofsky-america.
com
ROTARY PRESSURE
FILTERS
BHS-Sonthofen GmbH
Hans-Boeckler Strasse 7
Sonthofen D-87527, Germany
Tel: +49 8321 802 200
Fax: +49 8321 802 220
Email: info@bhs-sonthofen.de
Bokela GmbH,
Gottesauer Strasse 28
Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
Tel: +49 721 9 64 56 0
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10
Email: bokela@bokela.com
Website: www.bokela.com
ROTARY VACUUM
FILTERS
Bokela GmbH,
Gottesauer Strasse 28
Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
Tel: +49 721 9 64 56 0
Fax: +49 721 9 64 56 10
Email: bokela@bokela.com
Website: www.bokela.com
SCREENS
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
Fax: +39 031 933392
Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Website: www.saati.com
SEALS, GASKETS AND
"O" RINGS
Dichtomatik Ltd
Donington House, Riverside Road
Pride Park, Derby
DE24 8HX
Tel: +44 (0)1332 524401
Fax: +44 (0)1332 524425
Email: mail@dichtomatik.co.uk
Website: www.dichtomatik.co.uk
Specialist sealing solutions for all
filtration applications
SEPARATION &
VIBRATORY SCREENS
G. Bopp USA Inc
One Commerce Court, Suite 1
Wappingers Falls,
NY12590, USA
Tel: +1 845 226 3839
Fax: + 1 845 226 8565
Email: gbaker@bopp.com
Website: www.bopp.com
The Art of Swiss Precision
150 years weaving expertise,
including fabricated components,
sintered mesh and precious alloys.
G. Bopp & Co., AG
Zurich, Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0) 44 377 66 66
Email: info@bopp.com
Paul GmbH & Co
Metallgewebe-u. Filterfabriken
Industriegebiet West
D-36396 Steinau, Germany
Tel: +49 666 397 80
Fax: +49 666 397 8190
Email: info@paco-online.com
Website: www.paco-online.com
SEPARATION &
VIBRATORY SCREENS
Paul GmbH & Co
Metallgewebe-u. Filterfabriken
Industriegebiet West
D-36396 Steinau, Germany
Tel: +49 666 397 80
Fax: +49 666 397 8190
Email: info@paco-online.com
Website: www.paco-online.com
SEPARATORS
CENTRIFUGAL
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
SEPARATORS LIQUID
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
SIEVES
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
Fax: +39 031 933392
Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Website: www.saati.com
SINTERED WIRE MESH
G. Bopp USA Inc
One Commerce Court, Suite 1
Wappingers Falls,
NY12590, USA
Tel: +1 845 226 3839
Fax: + 1 845 226 8565
Email: infousa@bopp.com
Website: www.bopp.com
World-leading wire mesh producer/
manufacturer offers the largest
specifications & alloys available
including fabricated components.
DFARS / ISO 9001:2000
G. Bopp & Co., AG
Zurich, Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0) 44 377 66 66
Email: info@bopp.com
Haver & Boecker
Wire Weaving Division
Ennigerloher St. 64
Oelde, D-59302
Germany
Tel: +49 2522 300
Fax: +49 2522 304 04
Email: dw@haverboecker.com
Website: www.weavingideas.com
SLUDGE DEWATERING
Andritz Ltd
Speedwell Road
Parkhouse East
Newcastle-Under-Lyme
Staffordshire, ST5 7RG
Tel: +44 1782 565656
Fax: +44 1782 566130
Email: welcome@andritzltd.com
Website: www.andritz.com
Ashbrook Simon-Hartley Ltd
10/11 Brindley Court
Lymedale Business Park
Newcastle-under-Lyme
Staffordshire
ST5 9QH
Tel. +44 (0) 1782 578650
Fax. +44 (0) 1782 260534
Email: enquiries@as-h.com
www.ashbrooksimonhartley.co.uk
Diemme SpA
Via Bedazzo 19, 48022,
Lugo (RA), Italy
Tel: +39 0545 20611
Fax: +39 0545 30358
Email: filterdiv@diemme-spa.com
Website: www.diemme-spa.com/
filtration
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
Veolia Water Solutions &
Technologies
Whittle Road, Meir, Stoke-on-Trent,
Staffordshire, ST3 7QD, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1782 599000
Fax: +44 (0) 1782 599001
Email:
enquiries@veoliawaterst.co.uk
Website: www.veoliawaterst.co.uk
SLUDGE THICKENERS
Euroby Limited
Columbia House
Columbia Drive, Worthing
Sussex, BN13 3HD
Tel: +44 1903 694400
Fax: +44 1903 694477
Email: sales@euroby.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
STAINERS
Oxford Filtration Ltd.
Unit 15, Bridgewater Way,
Windsor, Berks SL4 1RD
Tel: +44 (0)1628 440906
Fax: +44 (0) 1628 476667
Email: info@oxfordfiltration.com
Web: www.oxfordfiltration.com
Manufacturer and Supplier of
Simplex, Duplex Strainers and
Self Clean filters for virtually
any fluid duty.
ULTRAFILTRATION
Alfa Laval Nakskov A.S.
Stravangervej 10
Nakskov DK-4900 Denmark
Tel: +45 70 204 900
Fax: +45 70 204 910
Email: nakskov.alfalaval@alfalaval.
com
Website: www.alfalaval.com
ItN Nanovation AG
Untertürkheimer Straße 25
66117 Saarbrücken
Germany
Tel: +49 (0)681 5001 460
Fax:: +49 (0)681 5001 499
Email: filtration@itn-nanovation.com
Website: www.itn-nanovation.com
WEDGE PROFILE
SCREEN & FILTRATION
Hyuksan Profile Co., Ltd.
PLANT: 5B-1L Incheon Seo-Bu
Industrial Complex, 681 Kyung-Seo
Dong, Seo-Gu, Incheon, Korea
Tel: 82-32-561-6437,
Fax: 82-32-561-4824
Marketing Office : 16FL.,
Renaissance Tower, 989-1 Juan6
Dong, Nam-Gu, Incheon, Korea
Tel : 82-32-420-0561,
Fax : 82-32-420-0564
Website: www.hyuksan.co.kr
E-mail: hyuksan@paran.com
WEDGE WIRE
SCREENS & TUBES
Arai Machinery Corporation
2-7-19 Okata
Atsugi-shi
Kanagawa-ken
243-0021
Japan
Tel: +81 (0) 46 227 0461
Fax: +81 (0) 46 227 0463
Email: arai@arai-machinery.co.jp
Web:
http:// www.arai-machinery.co.jp
Progress Eco S.A.
28-142 Tuczepy,
Dobrów 7, Poland
Tel.: +48 15 864 62 70
Fax: +48 15 864 62 78
Email: biuro@progress-screens.com
Website: www.progress-screens.
com
Trislot
Roterijstraat 134
Waregem,
B-8790,
Belgium
Tel: +32 56 62 72 22
Fax: +32 56 62 72 62
Email: info@trislot.be
Website: www.trislot.be
WIRE MESH
Fratelli Mariani S.p.A.
Via Cadorna,34
20032 CORMANO (MI)
Italy
Tel.: +39 02 6103441
Fax: +39 02 61034499
E Mail: info@fratellimariani.it
Website: www.fratellimariani.it
The Expanded Metal
Company
Longhill Industrial Estate
Hartlepool, TS25 1PR, UK
Tel: +44 (0)1429 867388
Fax: +44 (0)1429 866795
Email: sales@exmesh.co.uk
Website:
www.expandedmetalcompany.co.uk
WIRE, WOVEN
Haver & Boecker
Wire Weaving Division
Ennigerloher St. 64
Oelde, D-59302
Germany
Tel: +49 2522 300
Fax: +49 2522 304 04
Email: dw@haverboecker.com
Website: www.weavingideas.com
WOVEN FILTRATION
FABRICS
Saati S.p.A.
Via Milano14
22070 Appiano Gentile (Como)
Italy
Tel: +39 031 9711
Fax: +39 031 933392
Email: info.it@saatitech.com
Website: www.saati.com
WOVEN WIRE CLOTH
G. Bopp USA Inc
One Commerce Court, Suite 1
Wappingers Falls,
NY12590, USA
Tel: +1 845 226 3839
Fax: + 1 845 226 8565
Email: infousa@bopp.com
Website: www.bopp.com
World-leading wire mesh producer/
manufacturer offers the largest
specifications & alloys available
including fabricated components.
DFARS / ISO 9001:2000
G. Bopp & Co., AG
Zurich, Switzerland
Tel: +41 (0) 44 377 66 66
Email: info@bopp.com
Paul GmbH & Co
Metallgewebe-u. Filterfabriken
Industriegebiet West
D-36396 Steinau, Germany
Tel: +49 666 397 80
Fax: +49 666 397 8190
Email: info@paco-online.com
Website: www.paco-online.com
48 Advertisers’ index
Filtration+Separation October 2008

Advertisers’ Index
Advertiser Page

Ahlstrom 11
Bekaert Fibre Technologies 9
BWF Envirotech 31
Expanded Metal Company Ltd 35
Gaudfrin S.A. IBC
Leading the world of filtration
Groupe Novasep SAS 17
Hollingsworth & Vose 39
IFTS
JCEM Gmbh
31
IFC
Visit our
Lydall Filtration/Separation Inc. 7
McIlvaine Company
Microdyn-Nadir GmbH
21
19 website at
Pieralisi Group 27
Pollutec 33
Porex Filtration
SpinTek Filtration Inc
13
35
www.filtsep.com
The Hilliard Corporation OBC
Westfalia Separator Industry AG 15
X-Flow BV 5

2008 diary dates

7-8 October Tel: +44 1924 257891 28-30 October Fax: +90 212 324 3757
E-mail: rachelwilliamson@aquaenviro. E-mail: demir@artkim.com.tr
Pittsburgh, USA co.uk Raleigh, North Carolina, USA www.turkchem.net
22nd International Activated Carbon www.aqua-enviro.net New Energy Technologies and
Conference 3-5 November
18-22 October Sustainability 2008
Contact: Professional Analytical and Contact: Association of the Nonwoven Shanghai Everbright Convention and
Consulting Services Chicago, USA Fabrics Industry
Tel: +1 724 457 6576 Exhibition Centre, Shanghai, China.
WEFTEC 2008 Tel: +1 919 233 1210
Fax: +1724 457 1214 E-mail: info@inda.org Bag Filter Shanghai 2008
E-mail: barb@pacslabs.com Contact: WEF www.inda.org
www.pacslabs.com Tel: +1 703 684 2552 Contact: Dust Control Committee (under
Fax: +1 703 684 2492 China Occupational Safety and Health
28 October Association)
7-8 October E-mail: csc@wef.org
www.weftec.com Chester, England www.bagfilter.net
Cologne, Germany
Filtrex 2008 20-22 October Filter Testing and Standards 10-12 November
Contact: The Filtration Society
Contact: Edana Toulouse, France Tel: +44 1392 874398 Manchester, England
Tel: +32 2 734 93 10 www.filtsoc.com
Fax: +32 2 733 35 18 Conference on Membranes in 13th European Biosolids and Organic
E-mail: info@edana.org Resources Conference and Exhibition
www.edana.org Drinking Water Production and 29-30 October
Wastewater Treatment Tel: +44 1924 257891
Aachen, Germany Fax: +44 1924 257455
8-10 October Contact: European Desalination Society E-mail: franceseldon@aquaenviro.co.uk
12th Aachener Membran Kolloquium
Las Vegas, USA Tel: +39 0862 319954 www.european-biosolids.com
Fax: +39 0862 3475 213 (AMK)
WaterSmart Innovations Conference E-mail: balaban@desline.com Contact: RWTH Aachen University 12-14 November
and Exposition www.desline.com Tel: +49 241 809 8110
Contact: SNWA Fax: +49 241 809 2252 Beijing, China
Tel: +1 702 862 3777 22-24 October E-mail: amk@avt.rwth-aachen.de
www.watersmartinnovations.com www.amk.rwth-aachen.de China-Pharm
Suntec Singapore Contact: Messe Dusseldorf
15 October ProcessCEM Asia 2008
30 October- 2 November Tel: +86 10 66155603
Fax: +86 10 66167891
Royal Academy of Engineering, Contact: Lee Yingqi Istanbul Expo centre E-mail: chinapharm@ccpie.org
London Tel: +65 6393 0212 TURKCHEM 2008 www.chinapharmex.com/English
Fax: +65 6296 2670
Bioresources to Land: Managing the E-mail: leeyingqi@mpinetwork.com Contact: Artkim Fuarcilik Ltd.
Nutrient Cycle www.processcemasia.com Tel: +90 212 324 0000

If you are organising an event concerning filtration, separation or related disciplines,

and would like to be included in this list, please send details to:
The Editor, Filtration+Separation, Elsevier Ltd,
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