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x y r
2
(0,r)
(-r,0)
(r,0)
(0,-r)
So points on this circle must satisfy this equation.
x y 1
2
(0,1)
(-1,0)
(1,0)
(0,-1)
So points on this circle must satisfy this equation.
Let's pick a point on the circle. We'll choose a point where the
x is 1/2. If the x is 1/2, what is the y value?
You can see there
2
2
x y 1
are two y values.
2
They can be found
x
=
1/2
1
2
by putting 1/2 into
y
1
the equation for x
(0,1) 1 3
2
,
4
3
y
2
(-1,0)
(1,0)
1
3
,
(0,-1)
We'll look at a
larger version
of this and
make a right
triangle.
We know all of the sides of this triangle. The bottom leg is just
the x value of the point, the other leg is just the y value and
the hypotenuse is always 1 because it is a radius of the circle.
(0,1)
(-1,0)
1 3
,
2 2
3
2
sin
(1,0)
1
2
(0,-1)
tan
cos
3
2 3
1
2
1
21
1 2
3
2 3
1
2
Notice the sine is just the y value of the unit circle point and the
cosine is just the x value.
2 2
2
2
(-1,0)
(0,1)
sin
1
3
,
2 2
(1,0)
tan
(0,-1)
1
3
2 , 2
cos
2
2
2
2 1
2
We divide the unit circle into various pieces and learn the point
values so we can then from memory find trig functions.
Here is the unit circle divided into 8 pieces. Can you figure
out how many degrees are in each division?
These are
0,1
easy to
2 2
2 2
90
memorize
,
,
2 2 135
2 2
since they
45
all have the
2
sin 225
same value
2
with
45
1,0 180
0 1,0 different
signs
depending
225
on the
2
2
315
2
2
quadrant.
270
2
2
2
2
0,1
2 2
,
2 2
1,0
7
sin
1353
180
5
4225
2
2
2
2
,
2
2
90
3
2
270
2 2
2 , 2
45
4
0 1,0
7
4 315
2
0,1
The circle is 2 all the way around so half way is . The upper
half is divided into 4 pieces so each piece is /4.
Here is the unit circle divided into 12 pieces. Can you figure
out how many degrees are in each division?
You'll need
1 3
1 3
0
,
1
,
to
,
2 2
cos 330 3
2 2
90
2
memorize
120
60
3 1
,
3 1 these too
2 2
150
but you
2 ,2
30
can see
the pattern.
30
1,0 180
0 1,0
210
3 1
330 3 , 1
2 2
240
2 2
270 300
sin 240
3
2
1
3
,
2 2
0,1
1
3
,
2 2
We can again label the points on the circle and the sine is the y
value, the cosine is the x value and the tangent is y over x.
1 3
,
2 2
0,1
3 1
,
2 2
120
1 3
,
2 2
90
60
150
30
30 6
0
1,0 180
3 1
2 ,2
1,0
210
3 1
,
2 2
330
240
1
3
,
2 2
270
300
0,1
3 1
2 , 2
We'll
see
them all
put
together
on the
unit
circle on
the next
screen.
1
3
,
2 2
It is still halfway around the circle and the upper half is divided
into 6 pieces so each piece is /6.
You should
memorize
this. This is
a great
reference
because
you can
figure out
the trig
functions of
all these
angles
quickly.
1
3
,
2
2
, 3
2
2
All the way around is 360 so well need more than that. We
see that it will be the same as sin 60 since they are
coterminal angles. So sin 420 = sin 60.
undef
Let's label
the unit
circle with
values of
the tangent.
(Remember
this is just
y/x)
3
3
3
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
,
2
2
undef
3
3
What is cos ?
3
1
2
What is cos ?
3
1
2
Remember negative
angle means to go
clockwise
, 3
2
2
cos cos
What is sin ?
3
3
2
What is sin ?
3
, 3
2
2
sin sin
What is tan ?
3
What is tan ?
3
, 3
2
2
(1, 0)
(-1, 0)
(0, -1)
(-1, 0)
(1, 0)
(0, -1)