Running head: FULL TITLE Full Title Author’s Name Name of the University This paper demonstrates how to format a traditional APA-style essay. It includes information on spacing, font, font size, PowerPoints, and paraphrasing, as well as, specific reference types. For more information, please visit the following CWE links: hitps://sites google,com/a/weu.edu/cwe/apa http://community.wgu.edu/clearspacex/thread/5TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 2 1. General Format, 2, In-Text Citations: The Basic 3, In-Text Citations: Quoting and Paraphrasing... 4, Paraphrasing from a Single Source... 5, Paraphrasing from Multiple Sources 6, Block Quotes .. 7. Multiple Sources from one Author — Same Yea 8, Personal Pronouns 9, Annotated Bibliographies... 10. PowerPoint 11. Citing Images 12. Headings... 13. Legal Citing - Link .. 14, Paraphrasing . 15. APA Reference Page Citation Examples ... 16. Sample APA Reference page .. This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 3 Full Title Make sure the cover page contains the tite twice, flush left in the header, proceeded by the words “Running head,” and centered on page one as part of the cover page information. Along with the title, centered on the title page, include your name and the name of the university you attend, Do not include extra information, like the date or course number, unless instructed by your task directions. If you do not need an abstract, the body of your paper will begin on page two. Ifyou need an abstract, consult the following link for further information, Each page of the essay should include a header that contains the paper’s title, flush left, and a page number that appears flush right. Note that the words “Running head” appear only in the header on the cover page. From page two on, in the header, you may include an abbreviated version of your title, fifty characters or less. Just before the introductory paragraph, you must center and repeat the full title. The title should not be bolded or underlined. Your essay should have I-inch margins all around and be double-spaced throughout. The Reference page should be double-spaced, as well, Ensure, furthermore, that you have two spaces after the punctuation separating each sentence, Additionally, Times New Roman and 12 are the preferred font and font size, although you may use a comparable font and a font size that is 10-12 point. Whenever you direetly quote, paraphrase, or summarize from a source, include an in-text citation, In-text citations always follow the same format: (Author, Year). Ifa source has a page number, you will include that, as well: (Author, Year, p.). The punctuation always goes after the citation, Instead of using an ending-sentence This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 4 citation, an author may choose to include the author and year within the sentence: According to the American Heart Association (2012), “Quote” (p. 76). Citations must accompany quoted material, and all quotes must be set up: According to Blank (Year), Blank (Year) notes, Blank (Year) states. If your quote set up includes the author's name, it will look like the following citation: Stevens (1987) states that “Quote.” Stevens (2012) further notes that “Quote.” If your quote set up does not include the author's name, it will look as follows: Some critics note that “Quote” (Longo, 1987, p. 87). Critics have also suggested that “Quote” (Longo, 1987, p. 79). When paraphrasing, the rules are a bit different than when directly quoting. For example, unlike when directly quoting, if the author uses a single source for several sentences, he or she may refrain from placing a citation after each sentence and may cite every three or four lines: When using APA formatting and paraphrasing successively from a single source, an author does not need to place a citation after each sentence. The author may cite, instead, after every three or four lines, as in this example. How an author cites the material will depend upon whether or not he or she includes the source information in the sentence (CWE Mentor, 2012, pp. 4-8). In the previous sentence, the writer did not include the author and year, so the information appeared in a parenthetical citation. Notice, as well, that the author placed the period after the closing parentheses. According to the CWE Mentor (2012), i you include the author and year in the sentence, you do not include citation information at the end of the sentence, unless there is a page number (p. 5). This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 5 Note that the citations in the previous paragraph appear in bold solely for emphasis. In- text citations should never be bolded. If the information paraphrased in a paragraph comes from a variety of sources, you must note that fact at the end of all sentences that contain the paraphrased information: When a source does not have a date, a person must indicate that by including the letters “n.d.” in the in-text citation (CWE Mentor, n.d.). Also, when directly quoting, an author must include the citation information in the sentence or at the end of the sentence (Writing for College, 2010). Paraphrasing, though, is different. Paraphrased information may continue for a few lines, as in this example. ‘The writer paraphrased the ideas in these three sentences from one source, so she placed the citation at the end of the successively paraphrased material (APA Made Easy, 2012). This last paraphrase comes from a different source, so it needs its own citation (Clancey, 2010). Again, note that in-text citations should not be bolded. These citations are bolded solely for emphasis purposes. Note, as well, that quotes longer than 40 words should be blocked, Block quotes should appear a 1/2 inch from the left margin of the page. Unlike a short quotation, a block quote citation will appear after the period. This is an example ofa block quote: I need to ensure that I include the citation information for the quote when blocking the information, If the quote is from a source cited within another source, APA has a rule for that. I should use the words “as cited in.” The citation will look like this. (Beasley as cited in Harmon, 2012) This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 6 In addition to block quotes, I may find that I have multiple sources from one author that were written in the same year. To differentiate between sources, you will need to use lower-case letters in the citation (Author, 2012a, p. 75), (Author, 2012b, p. 87). Should you use personal pronouns in your essay? APA allows authors to use the first person: OWL. Instead of writing, “The authors conducted an experiment at Wellington High School,” you may write, “We conducted an experiment at Wellington High School.” Ensure that it is clear to the reader who “we” represents in the paper. Although you may use them, you should use personal pronouns sparingly, and if you are writ ng a research paper that does not call for personal opinion, there is no reason to include personal pronouns. Before submitting your essay, make sure that you properly cite all information and ideas taken from sources and that you include a Reference page to avoid plagiarism charges. If you use sources, you must have both in-text citations and a Reference page. On the page following your conclusion, type the word “References.” Do not underline or bold this word, and ensure you center it. In addition, make sure that your Reference page is in alphabetical order and that you tab each line that follows the first line of an entry. Examples of journal, book, and website citations appear after the Reference page below. Note that you may not include sources in the Reference page that you do not cite within the body of the paper. In other words, all in-text citations must have a corresponding Reference page citation, and all Reference page citations must have corresponding in-text citations. Finally, if you include an Annotated Bibliography within an essay assignment, you must also include a separate page containing just the This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 7 Reference page citations. For more on Annotated Bibliographies, consult this source: OWL. Please note that although Purdue does not show in-text citations with their annotations, you should include citations for directly quoted and paraphrased information. ‘There is no official template for APA formatting and PowerPoint, but there are some rules you should follow. You do not need headers in a PowerPoint, but you should include a title slide with the title, your name, and the name of the university. APA does not, additionally, dictate a font type and font size for PowerPoint presentations, but choose your font and font size wisely, for readability. Also, when citing, follow the rules established for essays. All slides containing material or ideas from sources must indicate you used sources through the inclusion of in-text citations that follow the rules previously noted. At the end of the presentation, there should be a References slide, and you must cite all images, except for clip art. Please see the following CWE community thread for information on how to Cite Images in APA formatting. Headings and Scriation from the Purdue Online Writing Lab APA Headings Level | Format 1 | Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings 2 |Lefi-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period. Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 8 Analysis (level 1) Location of experiment (level 2) Mode of experimentation (level 2) Paraphrasing Original: King (n.d.) states that “I think that we're all mentally ill; those of us outside the asylums only hide it a little better — and maybe not all that much better, after all. We've all known people who talk to themselves, people who sometimes squinch their faces into horrible grimaces when they believe no one is watching, people who have some hysterical fear — of snakes, the dark, the tight place, the long drop ... and, of course, those final worms and grubs that are waiting so pa ntly underground.” Paraphrase: King (n.d.) suggests that everyone has mental issues. However, people not living in mental institutions conceal this fact better than those living in them, but not a great deal better, ultimately. He further suggests that all of us have been acquainted with individuals who converse with themselves or make hideous facial expressions when they suspect others are not looking, or individuals with irrational fears of everything from serpents to the darkness to death (King, n.d.) Reference Page Citation: King, S. (n.d.) Why we crave horror movies [PDF]. Retrieved from http://drmarkwomack.com/pdfs/horrormovies. pdf For information on legal citing, please visit Westfield This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 9 For more information on APA, please visit the CWE community and the CWE, Website, Reference Page Citation Examples Journals Author A, & Author B. (Year), The tile of the journal article appears after the year, and you should capitalize the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, should there be one. You should capitalize, as well, proper nouns. The same goes for book titles. Malicize the Journal Name, volume number(issue number), page range ‘Smithson, W. (2009). Hactivism: A growing phenomenon, Computer Daily, 7(5), 89- 95, Worms in the modern world. (2012). Nature Digest, 23, 3-17. Author, A., & Author, B. (Year), Article title: Subtitle of article. Journal Title, volume number(issue number), page range. doi:0000000/000000000000 Note that electronic versions of journals and books with no doi may include the words “Retrieved from" and the full url, inst Arnold, A., & Carrington, C. (2011). Welcome to education: A reality check for new college students. Education Today, 76(9), 178-205. Retrieved from hup://www.educationtoday.com Books This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 10 Author A., Author B., & Author C. (Year). Book title: Subtitle of book. Location of Publisher: Publisher. Blackmore, 8. (2011). 4 handbook for writers. New York, NY: University Publishing, Blinkson, W., & Stevenson, R. (Eds.). (2000). Growing up in a Facebook world. New York, NY: University Town Press. Bort, A., Cobb, B., Davidson, , & Williams, D. (2010). Composing in college (2™ ed). Chicago, IL: University City Press. A Note on Citing Websites In cases where the site does not have an author, and the writer needs to cite a page from the site, he or she should start the citation with the page name, as in the third example. Ifthe writer uses several pages from a website, and the site does not have an author, he or she should cite the entire website by using the fourth listed sample citation. Websites Author or Corporation, (Year). Page name. Retrieved from http://www.url.com, Author or Corporation. (Year). Website name. Retrieved from http://www.url.com Page name. (Year). Retrieved from http://www.urleom, Website Name. (Year). Retrieved from http://www.url.com Barnaby, A. (2011). Nursing in the modern world. Retrieved from http://www.url.com This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) aT Be careful with websites: Choosing wise web sources. (n.d,). Retrieved from http://www.url.com Bartrum City Town Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.url.com PDF Files Author (A person or corporation). (Year). Article [PDF]. Retrieved from www.urlpdf Article [PDF]. (Year). Retrieved from www.uLpdf Nemo, W. (nd.). Rick’s role in The Walking Dead [PDF]. Retrieved from www.wd.pdf Use brackets for web sources that are not webpages or websites, like online PowerPoints or online lecture notes. Learning Resources Organization/Rightsholder. (date). Title of course (Module number) [Name of learning Resource]. Retrieved from http://xxxx Pearson. (2011). Language and Communication (Module 2) [Mindedge Learning Resource]. Retrieved from URL Paintings For a painting viewed in person, use the following citation: Author. (Year). Name of Painting [Painting]. City, State: Museum Name. Fora painting viewed on a website, use the following citation: Author. (Year). Name of Painting [Painting]. Retrieved from http://url.com See below for a sample References page. This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) 12 References Arnold, A., & Carrington, C. (2011). Welcome to education: A reality check for new college students. Education Today, 76(9), 178-205. Barnaby, A. (2011). Nursing in the modern world, Retrieved from hitp://www.url.com Bartrum City Town Organization. (n.d.). Retrieved from hitp:/www.urleom Be careful with websites: Choosing wise web sources. (n.d.). Retrieved from http:/iwww.url.com. Blackmore, $. (2011). A handbook for writers. New York, NY: University Publishing. Blinkson, W., & Stevenson, R. (Eds.). (2000). Growing up in a Facebook world. New York, NY: University Town Press. Bort, A., Cobb, B., Davidson, C., & Williams, D. (2010). Composing in college (2™ ed.) Chicago, IL: University City Press. This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013TITLE (50 Characters or Less) This template was updated by Dr. Denise Marie Frusciante, 8/2013 13