Tp ch Khoa hc Trng i hc Cn Th

Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 32 (2014): 65-71

THIT K C IN T MY NN N TRC
PHC V NGHIN CU C TNH TRI XOI
V Minh Tr1
1

Khoa Cng ngh, Trng i hc Cn Th

Thng tin chung:

Ngy nhn: 31/10/2013
Ngy chp nhn: 30/06/2014

Title:
Mechatronic design of
uniaxial compressor using
for testing mangoes firmness
T kha:
My kim tra vt liu, thit b
kim bn nn
Keywords:
Material testing machine,
compressive strength tester

ABSTRACT
Uniaxial presser is generally used to characterize the physical properties
of materials including constructional materials (soil, concrete), and food
(meat, fruits). To design a presser, this research solved two fundamental
problems: a mechanical system design with the appropriate transmission
mechanism and an accurate control system with data acquisition module.
In the mechanical system, a ball-screw structure was used to generate
axial motion transmitted from a stepper motor through a gearbox. The
microcontroller, displacement sensor, and load cell were implemented to
acquire and process data then transmit the data to the graphical user
interface (GUI) and to a computer for storage. The design uniaxial presser
has met certain required specifications with the accuracy of 48 m in
displacement and 1.95 N in force measurement. The operation stability
and reasonable cost of the system showed the feasibility of applying the
system in measuring the mango firmness with destructive measurement
methods.
TM TT
My nn n trc l thit b c dng ph bin tin hnh cc th
nghim nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca vt liu ni chung, bao gm trong
xy dng (t, p-tng) v cc nguyn vt liu trong ngnh thc phm
(tht, tri cy). thit k my nn, ti i vo gii quyt hai vn c
bn l thit k h thng c kh vi c cu truyn ng thch hp v h
thng iu khin, thu thp d liu c chnh xc cao. Trong phn c kh,
h thng truyn ng s dng c cu vt me ai c bi to chuyn ng
tnh tin dc trc, ngun ng lc c cung cp bi ng c bc thng
qua hp gim tc. Chip vi iu khin v h thng cm bin chuyn v, cm
bin lc c dng thu thp v x l s liu, sau truyn v giao din
ngi dng v lu tr trn my tnh. Kt qu my nn t c nhng
thng s k thut nht nh, chnh xc t 48 m i vi o bin dng
v 1,95 N i vi o lc. Kh nng lm vic n nh v gi thnh thp
hon ton ph hp cho vic o c tnh tri xoi thng qua phng php
o ph hy.
s dng rt ph bin phc v cho th nghim
kim tra v nghin cu khoa hc lin quan n vt
liu. C th, bi bo ny gii thiu v vic thit k

1 GII THIU
My o bin dng hay cn gi l my nn n
trc dng kim nh vt liu khng mi, n c
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Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 32 (2014): 65-71

(2007) h thc hin th nghim nn trn 20 tri

xoi sau khi cho th nghim va p. H nhn thy
lc F t l vi bin dng D cho ra dc ca
biu F-D (Hnh 1) v rt ra c sn chc
ca xoi c quan h vi h s F/D v s ngy th
nghim (X).

v ch to m hnh my nn n trc phc v cho

mc ch nghin cu c tnh tri xoi trong ti
nghin cu cp trng Bc u nghin cu
chn ca xoi ct thng phm dng phng php
phn tch khng ph hy.
My nn c dng trong cc th nghim ph
hy kim tra bn, cng ca vt liu ni
chung hay c th hn l sn chc ca xoi trong
bi nghin cu ny. Kt qu ca th nghim nn
c dng i chng vi cc phng php
khng ph hy, t nh gi c hiu qu ca
cc phng php khng ph hy.

C th, h tnh sn chc i vi xoi Nam

Dokmai l:

F / D 27.56 1659e1.4 E 9 X

4.2

v xoi Chok Anan:

F / D 33.10 21813e6.8 E 5 X

Trong th nghim xc nh sn chc tri xoi

ca Bundit Jarimopas v Udomsak Kitthawee

2.5

Hnh 1: Biu p ng lc nn bin dng v m t th nghim nn

sn phm v quy trnh sn xut. N lin quan n
vic thit k cc h thng, thit b v sn phm
nhm t c mt s cn bng ti u gia cc cu
trc c kh c bn v iu khin tng th ca n
(Steinbuch, 2013).
Cc yu cu k thut thit k my o bin dng
Yu cu chung

V vy, nhm gii quyt nhu cu my nn

thc hin th nghim ca ti, mt my nn n
trc c thit k v ch to. Nhn thy hu ht
cc my nn hin c trn th trng l nhng my
vn hnh bng tay hoc bn t ng, khi tin hnh
th nghim i hi ngi thc hin phi tn thi
gian thu thp d liu v tnh ton nn nng sut
hot ng thp, v th my nn n trc ny c
ch to vi tiu ch t c kh nng thu thp, x
l v lu tr d liu t ng v xut bo co theo
nh dng mu.

C kh chnh xc
Lc p theo yu cu
iu khin c vn tc theo thi gian
Thu thp, phn tch, xut bo co theo mu
Phn b yu cu theo khi chc nng

2 NI DUNG NGHIN CU
2.1 Tng quan h thng c in t

Khi c kh chnh xc: phn gii bin

dng 48 m, lc 1,95 N cho tm o 10.000 N, m
bo bn khi chu ti cc i

Theo gio s M. Steinbuch, c in t l s kt

hp hu c ca k thut c kh chnh xc, iu
khin in t v h thng theo quan im thit k
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Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 32 (2014): 65-71

Lc p theo yu cu: c kh nng to lc

nn cc i n 10.000 N

vic la chn ng c c hai gii php l: ng c

bc v ng c servo. Tuy nhin, gii php ng
c servo i hi phi iu khin vng kn ng
thi chi ph cao hn so vi s dng ng c bc
m iu khin vng h. V th, ng c bc c
chn s dng.

iu khin c vn tc: dy vn tc la
chn c trong khong 0,001 6,25 mm/pht
Thu thp, phn tch, xut bo co theo mu
kim nh vt liu trn nh dng Excel
2.2 Thit k h thng
2.2.1 H dn ng c kh

ng c bc c chn y l ng c
bc 4 pha, model 23KM-K032V, phn gii
1,8o/bc, tc ti a khong 300 vng/pht
(NMB Corporation, 1998).
c. Hp gim tc

Phn c kh ca my nn gm mt ng c
bc to lc p cho my, hp gim tc gim
tc ng c v tng m-men xon, c lp c
nh trn khung c kh (Hnh 2).

Hp gim tc c s dng gim tc v

tng mo-men cho trc nn. Hp gim tc c s
dng l loi trc vt bnh vt, hai trc vung gc,
model F2SM-15-10-240, t s truyn 240:1
(NISSEI Corporation, 2004).
d. Tnh lc nn

My nn s dng vt me ai c bi chuyn
i chuyn ng xoay sang chuyn ng tnh tin.
Yu cu trong thit k c kh l la chn v thit
k cc chi tit vi kch thc thch hp to s
hi ha cn xng nhng quan trng l vn phi
m bo sc bn v kh nng chu ti.
a. Chn vt me ai c bi

T cc thng s ca ng c bc, vt me ai
c bi, hp gim tc v tc nn tnh c lc nn
ca my nh sau:

i vi vt me ai c bi model SF1505-4, tra

ti liu k thut c cc thng s:

Trng hp: vn tc nn ca trc l 1,5

mm/pht

Kh nng chu ti tnh cho php: C0 =3110

kgf <=> C0 = 30 478 N

=> Vn tc quay trc nn: ntruc = 1, 5 5 0, 3

vng/pht

Kh nng chu ti khi hot ng: C = 1280

kgf <=> C = 12 544 N

(Bc ren ca vt me ai c bi l l = 5 mm)

Bc vt me ai c bi: 5mm/vng

Vn tc quay ca trc ng c: ndc =

0, 3 240 72 vng/pht

M-men xon trc ng c 0,8 Nm (da theo

biu m-men trong catalog ca ng c)
Cng sut ca ng c :

Pdc

Tdc ndc
9, 55

Trong :
Tdc l m-men xon trn trc ng c
(Nm)
ndc l tc quay ca trc ng c
(vng/pht)

0, 8 72
Pdc
6, 03 W
9, 55

Hnh 2: S nguyn l my nn

(Kt qu ny ph hp vi thng s k thut do

nh sn xut cung cp)

b. Chn ng c
my nn hot ng cn c ng c iu
khin trc vt me ai c bi. Trong iu khin v tr,

Hiu sut truyn ca hp gim tc l

67

h =90%

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Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 32 (2014): 65-71

Cng sut ti trc nn:

Ptruc Pdc 6, 03 0, 9 5, 427 W Mmen xon trc nn:

Ttruc

9, 55 5, 427
0, 3

Khi thc hin th nghim nn, mu vt chu lc

nn ca trc vt v khung gii hn. V th cn tnh
ton sc bn ca kt cu khung gii hn, c th l
tnh vng ca hai thanh dm ngang v lc chu
ko ca hai thanh ng.

172, 7 Nm

Lc nn to ra trn trc nn:

Fa

T 21
l

172, 7 2 0, 9
0, 005

= 0,9 l hiu sut truyn ca vt me

ai c bi
2.2.2 Khung my

i vi hai thanh dm c kch thc bng nhau

nn ch cn tnh ton trn mt i tng. y,
kt qu tnh ton c da trn phn mm
AutoCAD Mechanical.

195 220 N

Trong :
l (m) l bc ren ca vt me ai c bi

Hnh 3: Tnh vng ca thanh dm trn AutoCAD Mechanical

php ca thp C45 (TCVN 8301: 2009)

Da trn kt qu tnh ton ca phn mm khi

gia ti 10 000 N th vng ti a l 29,34 m.
vng rt nh v th hai thanh dm t iu kin
my hot ng tt m khng b nh hng n
kt qu th nghim.

Nh vy, hai thanh ren tha bn khi s dng

ht ti trng ng ca vt me ai c bi (12 544 N
nh trnh by trn).
2.2.3 o lng v b iu khin

Tnh bn ca thanh ren: ng knh ca hai

thanh thanh ren l 24 mm, loi thp C45, tnh c
tit din l:

d2
4

242
4

Hai thng s o c chnh ca my l lc nn

v bin dng v th cn c cc cm bin o
cc i lng ny. My c trang b mt loadcell
(Hnh 4 - a) c kh nng chu ti ti a 200 kg
o lc nn v mt cm bin o chuyn v (Hnh 4 b) c tm o 0 100 mm. Hai cm bin ny c
khuch i tn hiu bi IC INA125, sau tn hiu
c a v ng vo analog ca vi iu khin
PIC16F877A s ha nh b ADC 10 bt c
tch hp sn (ln lt l Amplifier1, Amplifier2, v
MCU trn Hnh 5).

452,16 mm 2 .

Lc ko ti a c tnh t cng thc:

F
A

F A 452,16 60 27129,6 N

Trong = 60 N/mm2 l ng sut ko cho

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Phn A: Khoa hc T nhin, Cng ngh v Mi trng: 32 (2014): 65-71

nhiu chng trnh con thc hin cc chc nng

khc nhau: iu khin v hin th LCD, kim tra
phm n, iu khin ng c bc, c tn hiu
cm bin v x l truyn v my tnh. Bn cnh
, chng trnh cn c thit k bo v my
khi c cc vn qu ti v qu gii hn hnh
trnh ca trc nn. Lu gii thut tng qut nh
Hnh 6.

a)
b)
Hnh 4: Load cell v cm bin chuyn v
B iu khin l phn quan trng nht ca my
nn, gip my hot ng v iu khin qu trnh
tng tc vi ngi dng. B iu khin hot ng
ch yu da trn iu khin ca chip vi iu khin
PIC16F877A, y l chip vi iu khin 8 bt ca
hng Microchip.
S khi ca b iu khin c trnh by
trong Hnh 5: B iu khin nhn lnh t ngi
dng thng qua bn phm (Keypad 4x4) v cc nt
nhn (Push button), hin th trng thi hot ng
ln mn hnh LCD 20x4, xut tn hiu qua b ly
(Driver) iu khin ng c bc (Stepper
motor) v truyn d liu v my tnh theo chun
RS-232 (thng qua vi mch chuyn i MAX232).
Ngoi ra, my cn c bo v gii hn hnh trnh
nh cc cng tc hnh trnh (Limit Switch) c
gn bn trong.

PC

MAX232
POWER
SUPPLY

KEYPAD 4x4

Overtravel
Limit Switch

PUSH BUTTON

MCU
(PIC16F877A)

Stepper motor
Driver

Stepper Motor

LCD 20x4

Amplifier 1

Amplifier 2

Hnh 6: Lu chng trnh chnh

Loadcell

Displacement
Sensor

Phn mm thu thp d liu trn my tnh c

chc nng chnh l nhn d liu lc nn v bin
dng t b iu khin ca my nn truyn v thng
qua chun truyn thng ni tip RS-232.

Hnh 5: S khi b iu khin

Trong qu trnh nhn d liu t b iu khin,

phn mm v li th lc nn v bin dng
ca mu th nghim trn giao din chng trnh
(Hnh 8).

2.2.4 Giao din phn mm

H thng phn mm s dng iu khin my
nn gm 2 b phn: phn mm nhng trn vi iu
khin v phn mm thu thp d liu trn my tnh.

c bit, kt thc qu trnh nn mu, phn mm

cho php xut file bo co kt qu th nghim
lu tr di dng Excel (Hnh 9).

i vi phn mm nhng trn vi iu khin

c vit bng ngn ng C, c chia thnh
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3 KT QU V NH GI
Vi yu cu t ra v da trn thc t v trang
thit b, vt t ch to my, my nn c thit
k v ch to thnh cng. M hnh hon chnh ca
my nn nh Hnh 7. Bng 1 trnh by cc thng s
k thut my sau khi ch to. Hnh 8 trnh by giao
din ca my, giao din cho php gim st trc
tuyn v ghi nhn d liu qu trnh nn mu. Trc
khi thc hin qu trnh nn, ngi dng phi thc
hin kt ni. Qu trnh thu thp ch din ra khi
vng im c d liu, ngha l qu trnh ghi v
hin th trn cc th bn phi bt u khi nt
khi ng qu trnh nn trn mt iu khin my
n. Kt thc qu trnh nn, kt qu xut ra bo
co di dng bng kt qu kim nh c thit
k trc nh trn Hnh 9. Ngoi ra, ngi dng c
th sao chp file lu tr trn cng my, c nh
dng bng tnh excel phc v cho nghin cu, phn
tch, nh gi kt qu kim nh.

Hnh 7: M hnh my nn hon chnh

Bng 1: Thng s k thut ca my nn

Vt liu cu to khung my
Kch thc (di x rng x cao)
in p cung cp
Hnh trnh nn
Kch thc mu ti a (chiu cao/ng knh)
Kh nng gia ti cc i ca my
Tc nn
Gii hn cm bin o bin dng
Gii hn cm bin o lc (ang s dng)
phn gii lc nn
phn gii bin dng

Thp CT3
550 x 470 x 1.340 mm
220 VAC
15 cm
30 cm/9 cm
12 500 N
0,001 6,25 mm/pht
50 mm
2.000 N
1,95 N
48 m

Hnh 8: Giao din phn mm thu thp d liu trn my tnh

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Hnh 9: Kt qu th nghim c lu tr thnh file v xut bn in theo nh dng bng kt qu kim

nh c thit k trc theo qui nh
4 KT LUN V XUT

TI LIU THAM KHO

ti thit k v ch to thnh cng m

hnh my nn n trc. Kt cu c kh vng chc
c tnh ton d bn, t thm m nht nh,
an ton, thun tin trong qu trnh vn hnh, my
hon ton c th nn cc nguyn vt liu khc nhau
m vn m bo chnh xc trong o c.

1. Bundit Jarimopas v Udomsak Kitthawee.

2007. Firmness properties of mangoes.
International Journal of Food Properties,
Vol 10, trang 899 909.
2. ASTM - American Society for Testing and
Materials, 2000. Standard Test Method for
Unconfined Compressive Strength of
Cohesive Soil. USA
3. M. Steinbuch, 2013. Mechatronics The
Science of intelligent machine.
http://www.journals.elsevier.com/mechatro
nics/ truy cp ngy 13/10/2013
4. NSK Ltd., 2007. NSK Ball Screws Catalog.
Japan.
5. NISSEI Corporation, 2004. Gearbox F2SM15-15-240-S90. Japan
6. NMB Corporation, 1998. Precision Step
Motors. USA
7. Department of Mechanical Engineering
The University of UTAH. Ball Screw
Selection and Calculations.
http://www.mech.utah.edu/~me7960/lecture
s.html, truy cp ngy 15/08/2013

B iu khin my hot ng tt m bo cc
thao tc chn ch hot ng, t tc , hin th
thng s ci t v tnh trng hot ng ln giao
din mn hnh LCD v kh nng truyn d liu v
my tnh.
Giao din thu thp d liu trn my tnh ghi li
d liu ca ton b qu trnh nn trn th lc
nn bin dng, cho php nhp thng tin v mu
th nghim (kch thc, m, khi lng ring,
tc nn) t xut ton b d liu ra file bo
co di dng bng tnh (Excel).
Qu trnh vn hnh v th nghim thc t cho
thy kh nng ng dng ca my rt ln. My nn
hon ton kh nng th nghim nn cc mu
c cng ln nh mu t trong kim nh xy
dng, hay trong nhiu lnh vc khc na ch
khng ch dng li mc ch nn th nghim trn
tri xoi.

71