Midas Phan Tich Cau1

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu
BO CO NGHIN CU KHOA HC SINH VIN

KHOA CNG TRNH
Tn ti:
NGHIN CU NG DNG CHNG TRNH MIDAS/CIVIL

TRONG PHN TCH KT CU V CU
Sinh vin thc hin:

L c Hin
Bi Vn Sng
Trn Quang Thc
o Quang Huy
Lp T ng ho thit k Cu ng kho 42.
Gio vin hng dn:
PGS.TS L c Chnh
KS Nguyn Trng Ngha
B mn T ng ho thit k Cu ng
L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42
MC LC
PHN I T VN ............................................................................. 3
PHN II: NI DUNG TI .................................................................... 5
Chng 1: Tng quan v Midas/Civil ...........................................................................6
Chng 2: Phng php Phn t hu hn v ng dng trong Midas/Civil...................12
1. Ni dung c bn ca phng php PTHH. ..........................................................12
1.1 M hnh ha ri rc kt cu. .............................................................................13
1.2 Chuyn v nt v lc nt. ...................................................................................13
1.3 Phng trnh c bn ca ca phng php phn t hu hn i vi vt rn.....15
1.4 Cc bc tnh ton kt cu bng phng php PTHH......................................15
2. Cc loi phn t chnh trong Midas/Civil. ..........................................................16
3. Phn tch kt cu . ...............................................................................................27
Chng 3: Nghin cu chng trnh Midas/Civil......................................................44
1. Nghin cu d liu u vo, u ra. ........................................................................44
1.1 S liu u vo..................................................................................................44
1.2 S liu u ra. ...................................................................................................46
1.3 Cc dng file khc.............................................................................................47
2. M hnh ho kt cu................................................................................................47
2.1 H ta . .........................................................................................................47
2.2 S tnh..........................................................................................................48
2.3 M hnh ha mt ct..........................................................................................52
2.4 M hnh ha vt liu..........................................................................................54
2.5 M hnh ha iu kin bin ...............................................................................57
2.6 Ti trng v h s ti trng. ..............................................................................59
2.7 M hnh ha t hp ti trng.............................................................................66
3. Phn tch kt cu v nh gi kt qu ......................................................................68
3.1 Phn tch tnh....................................................................................................69
3.2 Phn tch ng ..................................................................................................69
3.3 Phn tch phi tuyn............................................................................................69
3.4 Phn tch P-Delta..............................................................................................69
3.5 Phn tch cc giai on thi cng .......................................................................69
3.6 Xem v nh gi kt qu ...................................................................................73
Chng 4: Tnh bi ton cu b tng d ng lc thi cng theo phng php c hng
cn bng .....................................................................................................................75
1. Gii thiu bi ton...............................................................................................75
2. Chun b s liu ..................................................................................................75
3. Nhp s liu ........................................................................................................76
3.1 Pht sinh phn t nt ........................................................................................76
3.2 nh ngha mt ct v gn mt ct ....................................................................78
3.3 nh ngha vt liu............................................................................................84
3.4 iu kin bin ...................................................................................................84
3.5 Chia cc giai on thi cng...............................................................................86
3.6 Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng, nhm ti trng............................................89
3.7 Nhp ti trng v xem kt qu ...........................................................................90
PHN III: KT LUN V KIN NGH............................................... 107

TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................... 108
PHN I
T VN
Phn tch kt cu ni chung v kt cu cu ni ring trong thit k cng trnh l cng

vic rt quan trng. Phn tch kt cu quyt nh ti an ton trong khai thc s dng v
tnh kinh t ca cng trnh. Kt qu t c ca phn tch l cc gi tr ni lc v chuyn
v ca kt cu di tc dng ca cc ti trng, t hp ti trng, l s liu u vo cho bi
ton thit k kt cu. Ni dung phn tch kt cu cu bao gm vic m hnh ha kt cu
v tin hnh cc phn tch nh:
- Phn tch tnh.
-
Phn tch ng.
Phn tch phi tuyn.
Phn tch P-delta.
Phn tch cc giai on thi cng.
.v..v..
y l nhng qu trnh phn tch, tnh ton ht sc phc tp v tn rt nhiu thi gian.
c nhng gi thit c a ra nhm gim bt tnh phc tp ca bi ton nhng vic
ny dn n sai s ln, khng phn nh ht s lm vic thc t ca kt cu. Do , khi
thit k ngi ta thng thit k vi h s an ton ln dn ti lng ph.
Ngy nay, vi s tr gip ca my tnh m c bit l vic ng dng cc sn phm
phn mm chuyn dng th cng vic m hnh ha v phn tch kt cu tr nn nhanh
chng v tng i chnh xc.
Hin c mt s phn mm phn tch kt cu ni ting nh Sap2000, RM2000,
Midas/Civil... Vi Sap2000 l phn mm rt quen thuc vi k s cng trnh, tuy nhin
Sap2000 cha ti u ha cho cng vic phn tch thit k cu. RM2000 th li qu t v
vy sinh vin t c c hi c tip xc v tm hiu. Gn y b mn THTKC c phi
hp vi cng ty CIP Hanoi v cng ty MidasIT trong phn phi v chuyn giao o to
s dng phn mm Midas/Civil, phn mm phn tch v thit k kt cu c thit k
ring cho kt cu dn dng, c bit l kt cu cu ln. i vi sinh vin cng nh cc k
s va ra trng phn mm ny cn rt mi v h cha bit nhiu v kh nng tnh ton
ca n, bn cnh ti liu ting Vit gii thiu Midas/Civil cha c nhiu nn hn ch
kh nng t tm hiu ca sinh vin. Nhn r vn va nu ti i su vo tm hiu ng
dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu cu vi mc tiu xy dng mt ti

liu y h tr mi ngi bc u tip cn vi Midas/Civil, mt phn mm mnh c
v tnh ton cng nh giao din ngi dng.
Vic nh gi kt qu ca cc chng tnh phn tch kt cu ni chung cng nh
Midas/Civil ni ring i hi ngi k s phi thc s am hiu v kt cu v qu trnh m
hnh ha kt cu. V chng trnh tnh ch l cng c phc v cho vic tnh ton, kt qu
phn tch ng hay sai ph thuc s liu u vo trong qu trnh m hnh ha. lm
c iu ti ginh phn ln thi gian vo vic tm hiu phng php Phn t hu
hn v ng dng ca phng php ny trong Midas/Civil.
ti c chia thnh 3 phn chnh:
Phn 1: Cc ni dung c bn trong phn tch kt cu:
-
Phng php Phn t hu hn.
Phn tch P-Delta.
Phn tch tnh.
Phn tch ng...

Phn 2: Hng dn s dng phn mm Midas/Civil
Gii thiu c th cch m hnh ha, tnh ton, phn tch v x l kt qu trong
Midas/Civil. Gii thiu nhng tnh nng ni bt ca chng trnh so vi cc chng trnh
khc hin c ti Vit Nam.
Phn 3: V d chi tit ng dng Midas/Civil tnh bi ton cu b tng d ng lc thi
cng theo phng php c hng cn bng ( X l cc s liu nhp, Gii bi ton, X l
cc kt qu tnh ton ). Thng qua v d ny cc sinh vin hon ton c th d dng nm
bt nhng kin thc c bn ca Midas/Civil vo vic tnh cc kt cu ni chung .
PHN II: NI DUNG TI
Chng 1: Tng quan v Midas/Civil

Chng trnh phn tch v thit k kt cu MIDAS/Civil l mt phn ca b sn
phm MIDAS c xy dng t nm 1989, do MIDAS IT Co., Ltd pht trin. Phin bn
ti ny tm hiu v s dng l MIDAS/Civil 6.3.0.
MIDAS l mt nhm cc sn phm phn mm phc v cho vic thit k kt cu. MIDAS
bao gm cc sn phm sau :
MIDAS/Civil General Civil structure design system : Chng trnh phn tch v thit k
kt cu c ti u ring cho nhng kt cu dn dng, c bit trong thit k cu.
MIDAS/Gen General Building structure design system : Chng trnh phc v cho vic
thit k kt cu, c bit l thit k kt cu nh.
MIDAS/BDS Building structure Design System : Chng trnh phn tch v thit k kt
cu kin trc.
MIDAS/SDS Slab & basemat Design System : Chng trnh dmh cho vic phn tch v
thit k bn & basemat.
MIDAS/Set-Building Structural Engineer's Tools: Tp hp nhng chng trnh ring l
xc tin thit k cc n v kt cu.
MIDAS/FEmodeler finite element MESH generator: Chng trnh t ng pht sinh ra
li phn t hu hn.
MIDAS/ADS Shear wall type Apartment Design System : Chng trnh phn tch v thit
k cho kt cu tng chn, cng trnh ngm.
MIDAS/Civil l mt sn phm phn mm phn tch cu chuyn dng. Chng
trnh h tr cho vic phn tch cc bi ton cu nh : Cu treo dy vng, dy vng, cu b
tng d ng lc khu ln thi cng theo phng php c hng cn bng, gio di
ng, c y...
MIDAS/Civil c pht trin da trn Visual C, Fortran mt ngn ng lp trnh
hng i tng mnh trong mi trng Windows. Chng trnh ni bt v mt tc
m hnh ha v tnh ton, rt d ging s dng bi giao din thn thin vi ngi s dng.
Trong qu trnh pht trin MIDAS/Civil tng chc nng c kim tra v so snh kt
qu vi l thuyt cng nh vi mt s chng trnh khc.
c im ni bt ca Midas/Civil so vi cc chng trnh khc:

- Kh nng m hnh ha: Chng trnh h tr nhiu m hnh kt cu, c bit l kt cu
cu, cung cp nhiu loi mt ct khc nhau. Kh nng m t c vt liu ng hng,
trc hng, d hng, hay vt liu phi tuyn.
V ti trng chng trnh h tr rt y v a dng v th loi nh: tnh ti vi cc loi
lc, nhit , gi ln, d ng lc... hot ti vi nhiu loi xe tiu chun k thut, xe do
ngi dng nh ngha... ti trng ng vi cc phng php tnh ton tin tin.
Chng trnh c nhiu cng c trc quan h tr vic m hnh ha mt cch trc tip.
Ngoi ra, ngi s dng c th m hnh kt cu hoc mt ct thng qua AutoCad.
- Giao din v tc tnh ton: Chng trnh hot ng trong mi trng Windows, giao
din thn thin, kh nng tnh ton mnh. Tc tnh ton ca chng trnh ph thuc vo
khi lng tnh ton nhng so vi mt s phn mm tnh ton kt cu khc nh Sap2000
th tc tnh ton nhanh hn. Kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh l y v tin cy.
- Kh nng nhp v xut d liu: D liu u vo c th c nhp trc tip hoc import
t cc file ca cc chng trnh khc, kt qu tnh c th xut ra mn hnh ha, vn bn
hay my in, hn na c th xut kt qu dng tp tin cho cc chng trnh thit k sau tnh
ton.
- Kh nng phn tch cho bi ton cu: y l mt tnh nng mnh ca chng trnh.
Midas/Civil cung cp nhiu phng php phn tch kt cu cu hin i, c bit l phn
tch phi tuyn v phn tch cc giai on thi cng. Kt qu ca qu trnh phn tch l ng
tin cy, ph hp vi cc giai on t tnh ton thit k n thi cng v qu trnh khai thc
s dng.
- Tnh ph bin ca chng trnh: Do nhiu u im trn c bit l tin cy ca kt qu
tnh v tnh tng thch ca chng trnh cho nn chng trnh c s dng trong nhiu
d n ln. Hin c hn 4000 d n s dng MIDAS/Civil, tin cy v hiu qu n em
li c cng nhn trn th gii .
Giao din c bn ca Midas/Civil
H thng menu ca MIDAS/Civil bao gm tt c cc chc nng, qu trnh vo ra d liu,
phn tch.. c thit k sao cho thi gian di chuyn chut l nh nht.
MIDAS/Civil h tr rt nhiu kh nng nhp liu:
- Thng qua h thng Menu trc quan.
- Thng qua giao din dng lnh.
- Thng qua cc bng d liu tng thch Excel.
- Kh nng ko th d dng.
- Chc nng Undo/Redo khng hn ch.

- c bit chc nng phn tch ca chng trnh ny rt mnh, n c kh nng tnh ton v
phn tch theo cc giai on thi cng.
Hnh 1.1 Giao din chnh ca Midas/Civil
Cc h thng menu c bn trong Midas/Civil

- Menu Model (M hnh)
Hnh 1.2 Menu Model
+ Structure Type: Nhp kiu kt cu v d liu c bn cho phn tch


+ Structure Wizard: M hnh ha theo cc mu kt cu c sn
+ User Coordinate System: nh ngha h ta ngi dng (User Coordinate System)
+ Grids: Khai bo cc h thng li ta
+ Nodes: Cc thuc tnh ca nt cng nh cc cng c m hnh nt
+ Elements: Cc thuc tnh ca phn t cng nh cc cng c m hnh phn t
+ Properties: Thuc tnh ca kt cu: Vt liu, mt ct...
+ Boundaries: Khai bo cc iu kin bin.
+ Masses: Khai bo khi lng.
+ Named Plane: Gn tn cho mt phng.
+ Group: nh ngha cc nhm kt cu, iu kin bin, nhm ti trng....
+ Check Structure Data: Kim tra d liu kt cu nhp.
- Menu Results (Kt qu)
Hnh 1.3 Menu kt qu.

- Menu Load (Ti trng).
Hnh 1.4 Menu ti trng
10

- Menu Analysis (Phn tch).
Hnh 1.5 Menu phn tch.
11
Chng 2: Phng php Phn t hu hn v ng dng

trong Midas/Civil
Phng php phn t hu hn c coi l phng php c hiu qu nht hin nay gii
cc bi ton c hc trong mi trng lin tc ni chung v trong phn tch kt cu cng
trnh ni ring. MIDAS/Civil l mt chng trnh phn tch v thit k kt cu da trn
nn tng l phng php phn t hu hn. Trong chng ny s trnh by nhng khi
nim c bn nht v phng php phn t hu hn (PTHH) v vic ng dng phng
php ny trong MIDAS/Civil.
1. Ni dung c bn ca phng php PTHH.

Ni dung c bn ca phng php phn t hu hn l: tnh ton mt kt cu vi cu
to bt k, chia kt cu thnh mt s hu hn cc phn t ring l v ni vi nhau bi mt
s hu hn cc im nt ring l.
S bin dng tng th ca kt cu c th hin thng qua s bin dng ca li nt
hay tp hp cc chuyn v ca tng nt ring bit. Tnh lin tc ca cc cu kin v s lin
kt gia cc cu kin vi nhau c th hin qua s lin kt gia cc phn t thng qua
cc nt. Lin kt gia kt cu v nn c th hin bi iu kin bin ca cc nt hay
t do ca nt. Cc tc ng ln kt cu tt c ln kt cu u c quy i v cc nt.
Vic chia li phn t v nt, m t lin kt, cc iu kin bin cn tng thch vi kt
cu thc t, nu m bo c iu ny th m hnh phn t hu hn s lm vic ging
hay gn ging vi kt cu thc t. Vic tnh ton m hnh PTHH l trc ht phn tch
trng thi lm vic tng th ca kt cu t theo iu kin lin kt tm c trng thi
lm vic ca tng phn t hu hn.
Trng thi lm vic ca tng phn t c ph thuc vo quan h ng sut v bin
dng ca phn t cng l quan h gia ni lc v chuyn v nt ca phn t. Quan h
biu hin cng ca phn t, m vi nhng mu phn t ta c th xc nh nh gii
cc bi ton c hc.
Trng thi lm vic ca kt cu c th hin thng qua s lm vic ca cc nt. Cc
nt ny lin h vi nhau thng qua cc phn t ni gia chng, v vy t iu kin ni tip
gia cc phn t v cng ca tng phn t c th xc nh c quan h gia cc nt .
l quan h gia chuyn v nt v ni lc tc dng t phn t ln nt. T iu kin cn
bng ni lc ti cc nt, ta thit lp c h phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia cc
12

chuyn v nt vi cc lc tc dng ti nt. Trong h phng trnh biu din quan h s c
nhng thnh phn bit nh lc nt hay chuyn v nt, t ta c th tm ra nhng
thnh phn cn li cha bit .
1.1 M hnh ha ri rc kt cu.
tng ca phng php PTHH trong tnh ton kt cu l coi vt th lin tc nh l
t hp ca nhiu phn t lin kt vi nhau bi mt s hu hn cc im, gi l cc nt.
Cc phn t c hnh thnh ny gi l cc phn t hu hn.
Quan nim ny ch l gn ng, bi v khi thay th kt cu thc (h lin tc) bng mt
s hu hn cc phn t trn ngi ta coi rng nng lng bn trong m hnh thay th
phi bng nng lng ca kt cu thc.
i vi cc h thanh th cc kt (gin, khung) phng cng nh khng gian u do mt
s hu hn cc dm v thanh hp thnh. Do ngi ta ly phn t thanh lm phn t m
hnh cho kt cu . im lin kt gia cc PTHH gi l nt.
Vi kt cu tm, v v cc vt th khi th khng trc quan nh h thanh. Ngi ta
thng dng cc loi phn t sau:
- Kt cu tm phng : phn t hnh tam gic, phn t hnh ch nht, phn t hnh t gic.
- Kt cu v: ngoi cc phn t hnh tam gic, hnh ch nht, hnh t gic, ngi ta cn
s dng phn t cong hnh tam gic, hnh ch nht, hnh t gic.
- Vi vt th khi: phn t hnh t din, phn t hnh lp phng, phn t hnh lc din.
- Vt th i xng trc: phn t hnh vnh khn.
Hnh 2.1 S ri rc ha kt cu theo phng php PTHH.
1.2 Chuyn v nt v lc nt.

Khi kt cu chu lc, kt cu s bin dng, cc phn t cng sinh ra bin dng, do d
cng sinh ra chuyn v. Chuyn v ca cc nt c gi l chuyn v nt.
Do s lng nt trn kt cu l hu hn m s lng chuyn v nt l hu hn, nn
trng thi bin dng v trng thi ni lc ca kt cu c th biu din bng mt s hu hn
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cc chuyn v nt v cc lc nt. Hay ni mt cch khc phng php PTHH ly mt h
hu hn cc t do thay cho kt cu.
m t mi quan h gia chuyn v (hoc ng sut) ti cc nt v chuyn v (hoc ng
sut) ti mt im trong kt cu, ngi ta s dng mt hm xp x, gi l hm chuyn v
(hoc hm ng sut). Nhng hm ny phi tha mn lin tc trn bin cc phn t tip xc
vi nhau. Phng php PTHH, cng gi thit rng: Ngoi lc truyn ln kt cu thng qua
nt vic ny thun tin cho vic xt cn bng gia ni lc v ngoi lc ti cc nt. Khi
trong phn t c ti trng phn b hoc tp trung khng t ti nt, th cn da vo
phng php nng lng hoc cc cng thc c hc kt cu xc nh lc tng ng
ti nt. Ta bit rng khi chu lc v bin dng, kt cu phi trng thi cn bng. Trong
phng php PTHH iu c m bo bng cc cn bng ti nt.
Gi {Fi} l vct cc thnh phn lc ti nt i ca ca phn t cha nt th i, ti nt ny
phi tha mn iu kin cn bng ca nt i:
{F } =
i
{Pi }
Trong :
-
{F } biu th ly tng i vi tt c cc phn t bao quanh nt i v cha nt i.

i
Quan h gia cc lc nt v cc chuyn v nt trong mt phn t c th biu din bng

biu thc sau y:
{F}e=[K]{d}e
Trong :
{F}e l vc t lc nt ca phn t, cha tt c cc thnh phn lc nt trong mt phn t.
{d }e l vc t chuyn v nt ca phn t, cha tt c cc thnh phn chuyn v nt trong
mt phn t.
[K] l ma trn cng ca phn t, ph thuc vo c trng hnh hc v c hc ca phn
t v ca vt liu. Ma trn [K] c th c thit lp trn c s nguyn l cc tiu th nng
hoc theo l thuyt ca Kirchhoff hoc ca Mindlin-Reissner.
Trong phng php PTHH gi thit rng: cc chuyn v ti nt trong mt phn t s
xc nh trng thi bin dng ca phn t , tc l c th dng cc chuyn v nt biu
th trng thi bin dng ca kt cu. Mt khc, khi kt cu chu tc dng ca ngoi lc (lc
v momen un). Phng php PTHH gi thit rng cc ngoi lc ny c truyn qua
nt.
Nh vy, ni lc trong PTHH c th biu th bng lc v mmen tp trung nt,
14

gi l lc nt. Nh vy, nu bit c gi tr cc lc nt th c th tnh c s phn b
ca ni lc trong PTHH .
1.3 Phng trnh c bn ca ca phng php phn t hu hn i vi vt rn.
Khi s dng phng php phn t hu hn ngi ta chng minh c s ging nhau
ch yu ca tt c cc bi ton trong c hc vt rn khi thit lp nhng cng thc trong
phm vi ca cc phn t hu hn. Nhng c trng ca phn t c trong biu thc
l ma trn cng phn t
[K ] = [B] [D ][B ]dV

T
v ma trn khi lng phn t:
[M ] = r [N ]T [N ]dV
Nhng biu thc ny sau xut hin trong ba lp bi ton chnh i vi vt rn
lin quan ti thc t xy dng, l:
Bi ton tr ring
[K ]{u} = {F } (1)
([K ] - w 2 [M ]){u} = 0
Bi ton truyn sng
[K ]{u} + [M ] u = F (t )
Bi ton cn bng tnh
(2)
(3)
[D] l ma trn n hi ca kt cu.

[B] l ma trn biu th mi quan h gia bin dng v chuyn v trong kt cu.
[N] l ma trn cc hm dng.
r l khi lng ring ca phn t.

{u} vct chuyn v nt.
{F} vct ngoi lc nt.
w tn s dao ng ring.
Cc phng trnh trn l nhng phng trnh c bn ca phng php phn t hu
hn i vi vt rn. Phng trnh (1) l phng trnh tng thch c th gii i vi lc
{F} bit tm ra chuyn v {u}, phng trnh (2) l phng trnh dng tm ra
chuyn v {u} v tn s dao ng ring w ca h n hi, phng trnh (3) dng xc
nh quy lut truyn sng.
Ngoi nhng phng trnh c bn trn cn c cc phng trnh v cc bi ton phi
tuyn, bi ton v dao ng cng bc
1.4 Cc bc tnh ton kt cu bng phng php PTHH
- Chia li phn t hu hn.
15

- Chn hm chuyn v.
- Tnh ton ma trn cng phn t (v cc ma trn khc nu c lin quan) trong h ta
a phng.
- Thit lp ma trn cng ca ton b kt cu (v cc ma trn khc nu c lin quan).
- Thit lp ma vct trng nt.
- Thit lp phng trnh cn bng.
- X l cc iu kin bin.
- Gii h phng trnh.
- Tnh ton ni lc, chuyn v trong cc phn t.
2. Cc loi phn t chnh trong Midas/Civil.

MIDAS/Civil cung cp cho chng ta mt th vin phn t hu hn gm c nhng loi
phn t chnh sau:
2.1. Phn t gin (Truss Element).

Phn t gin l phn t thng ba chiu hai im nt, c mt kch thc ln hn nhiu
so vi hai kch thc cn li, kch thc chnh l trc chu ko nn. Phn t ny thng
s dng trong nhng m hnh gin hoc m hnh thanh ging cho. Phn t gin chu bin
dng dc trc.
Bc t do v h ta (ESC) ca phn t
Ch c trc X-ECS c ngha quan trng v mt kt cu cho cc phn t duy tr
cng thuc trc , v d nh phn t gin v phn t ch chu ko hoc chu nn. Tuy
nhin trc Y v Z cn phi c hng mt ct ngang ca phn t c hin th mt cch
trc quan.
16

MIDAS/Civil s dng quy c gc Beta ch ra hng ca mt ct ngang. Gc ny
ph thuc vo tng quan gia ECS v GCS, trc X bt u t nt 1 cho ti nt 2. Trc Z
c nh ngha l trc song song vi mt ct ngang, trc Y thuc mt ct ngang, c
phng vung gc vi trc X, chiu xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi.
Nu trc X trong ECS cho phn t ny song song vi trc Z ca GCS, gc Beta c
nh ngha nh mt gc c to thnh t trc X ca GCS v trc Z ca ECS. Trc x ca
ECS tr thnh trc quay cho vic nh r gc s dng quy tc bn tay phi. Nu trc X
khng song song vi trc Z ca GCS, gc Beta c nh ngha l gc phi t trc Z ti
mt phng XZ
(a) Trng hp X-ECS song song vi trc Z-GCS
(b) Trng hp trc X-ECS khng song song vi trc Z-GCS

Hnh 2.2 Xc nh gc Beta
17
Hnh 2.3 ECS ca phn t gin v quy c chiu ca lc
2.2 Phn t ch chu ko(Tension-only Element)

Phn t ch chu ko c nh ngha l phn t thng 3 chiu v 2 nt. Phn t ny
thng s dng cho nhng m hnh dy treo, ch chu bin dng ko dc trc.
Gm 2 loi sau:
Truss: phn t ch truyn lc ko dc trc.
Hook: Phn t ch chu ko v ni lc s khc khng khi chuyn v tng i gia N1
v N2 ln hn khng.
Hnh 2.4 Gin ca phn t ch chu ko

Bc t do v h ta phn t c nh ngha ging nh ca phn t gin.
2.3. Phn t cp (Cable Element)
18

L phn t ch chu ko c 2 im nt v 3 chiu, ch c kh nng truyn c lc ko,
c tnh n vng ca dy cp. Phn t cp phn nh s thay i khng n nh ca
cng vi ni lc ko.
Hnh 2.5 Gin ca phn t cable

Phn t cp ny s c thay i thnh phn t gin nu l phn tch tuyn tnh hnh hc
v mt phn t dy n hi nu l phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc. Khi tnh ton cng ca
cp th ta phi quy i cng ca cp v cng ca mt thanh gin tng ng.
2.4 Phn t ch chu nn(Compression-only Element)
Phn t ch chu nn c nh ngha l phn t 3 chiu c 2 nt. Thng thng n
c s dng trong iu kin bin . Phn t ny ch chu nn dc.
Gm nhng loi sau:
Gin: phn t ch truyn lc nn dc trc.
Gap: Phn t lm vic khi chuyn v tng i gia N1 v N2 nh hn khng.
Hnh2.6 S ca phn t ch chu nn

2.5. Phn t dm (Beam Element)
19

Phn t dm c nh ngha bng 2 im nt c mt ct thay i hoc khng i. Cng
thc tnh ton c tm da trn l thuyt dm ca Timoshenko. Tnh ton cng ca
dm do bin dng ko, nn, trt, un xon.
Trng hp phn t dm c mt ct thay i, MIDAS/Civil thay i tuyn tnh mt ct
ngang, din tch c hiu ca vng trt, cng chng xon dc theo chiu di phn t.
i vi m men qun tnh trc, bn c th chn s thay i dng tuyn tnh, bc hai hoc
bc ba.
Mi nt c ba chuyn v v ba gc xoay, t do khng ph thuc vo ECS hay GCS
2.6. Phn t ng sut phng (Plane Stress Element)
Phn t ng sut phng l phn t c dng hnh tam gic hoc ch nht. Nhng phn
t ny c s dng trong m hnh dm tng chu ti trng khc nhau trong mt phng
v lin kt gi khc nhau.
Khi thnh lp cng thc tnh ton cho phn t ng sut phng ngi ta gi thit:
khng c cc thnh phn ng sut tn ti theo phng vung gc vi mt phng. Bin
dng v ng sut quan h vi nhau theo cng thc ca nh lut Hook thng qua h s
Poission.
t do v h ta ca phn t:
Phn t ch gi li chuyn v v t do trong mt phng XY ca ECS. ECS s dng
3 trc X,Y,Z trong h ta Decac v xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Cc phng ca
ECS c xc nh v m t nh hnh di.
Trong trng hp phn t t gic, phng ngn ci biu th l trc Z -ECS. Phng
quay (N1->N2->N3->N4) c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Trc Z ca ECS bt
u t trng tm ca b mt phn t v vung gc vi mt phn t. ng ni trung im
ca 2 cnh N1N4 v N2N3 c nh ngha l phng ca trc X ECS. Phng vung
gc vi trc X trong mt phng phn t l phng ca trc Y, chiu xc nh theo quy tc
bn tay phi.
i vi phn t tam gic, ng song song vi phng t N1 ti N2 bt u t trng
tm ca phn t l trc X-ECS, Y v Z-ECS c xc nh nh phn t t gic.
20
(a) ECS cho phn t t gic
(b) ECS cho phn t tam gic

Hnh 2.7 Ta ECS trong phn t ng sut phng
2.7. Phn t bin dng phng hai chiu (Two-Dimensional Plane Strain Element).
Phn t phng hai chiu l loi phn t thch hp cho nhng cu trc dng bng c mt
ct ngang khng i v d nh p chn nc v hm. Phn t ny khng th phi hp vi
nhng loi phn t khc. N ch p dng cho phn tch tnh.
Nhng phn t ny c a ra xem xt trong mt phng X-Z. dy phn t t ng
chia cho n v dy, nh trn hnh v bn di.
Cng thc tnh ton cho phn t c da vo bi ton bin dng phng trong l thuyt
n hi. Gi thit: Bin dng theo phng vung gc vi mt phng khng tn ti. Cc
21

thnh phn ng sut theo phng vung gc vi mt phng c th c xc nh thng
qua h s Poisson.
Hnh 2.8 B dy ca phn t bin dng phng 2 chiu

Bc t do v ECS ca phn t:
H ta ECS cho phn t phng hai chiu c s dng khi chng trnh tnh
ton ma trn cng phn t. Hnh v hin th cho cc thnh phn ng sut cng c v
trong trong h ta ECS .
Bc t do thc s ch tn ti trong mt phng X-Z trong GCS. ECS s dng X, Y v Z
trong h ta Decac theo quy tc bn tay phi. Phng ca cc trc ECS c nh
ngha v m t trong hnh di.
Trong trng hp phn t t gic, phng ca ngn tay phi biu th trc Z-ECS.
Phng quay (N1->N2->N3->N4) xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Trc Z ca ECS bt
ca 2 cnh N1N4 v N2N3 c nh ngha l phng ca trc X ECS. Phng vung
gc vi trc x trong mt phng phng phn t l phng ca trc y, chiu xc nh theo
quy tc bn tay phi.
tm ca phn t l trc X-ECS, Y v Z-ECS c xc nh nh phn t t gic
22
(a) Phn t t gic
(b) Phn t tam gic

Hnh 2.9 S xp xp h ta ECS v lc nt trong phn t phng
23

2.8. Phn t hai chiu i xng trc (Two-Dimensional Axisymmetric Element).
Phn t hai chiu i xng trc ph hp cho nhng m hnh kt cu vi dng hnh hc c
bn knh i xng, vt liu i xng, ti trng i xng. C th p dng cho cc ng dn,
cc bnh hnh tr.
Phn t ny khng th kt hp vi nhng loi phn t khc. N ch thch hp phn tch
tuyn tnh tnh i vi nhng c trng ca phn t. Trc ZGCS l trc quay, cc phn
t phi c t trong mt phng chung X-Z. Bng mc nh, chiu dy ca phn t s t
ng c xc nh trc ti mt n v (1.0 radian), minh ha trn hnh v:
Hnh 2.10 n v dy ca phn t i xng trc

Bc t do v h ta phn t: Ging phn t bin dng phng hai chiu.
2.9. Phn t tm (Plate Element)
Phn t tm un thng hay c s dng l phn t tam gic hoc t gic. Phn t
ny c kh nng tnh ton trong mt phng cho cc trng hp nh: ko/nn, bin dng
trt trong mt phng hoc theo phng vung gc vi mt phng v un theo phng
vung gc vi mt phng.
cng theo phng vung gc vi vi mt phng tm s dng trong Midas/Civil
gm hai loi : DKT/DKQ (Discrete Kirchhoff element) v DKMT/DKMQ (Discrete
Kirchhoff-Mindlin element). DKT v DKQ c pht trin trn c s ca l thuyt tm
mng, l thuyt Kirchhoff Plate, gc li DKMT v DKMQ pht trin trn c s l thuyt
tm dy, l thuyt Mindlin-Reissner Plate.
24

Ngi dng c th nhp vo nhng dy ring bit cho qu trnh tnh trong mt
phng v cng ngoi mt phng. Thng thng, chiu dy trn danh ngha cho cng
trong mt phng c s dng cho vic tnh trng lng bn thn v khi lng. Ngc
li dy cho tnh cng ngoi c s dng.
Bc t do v h ta phn t:
Chuyn v ca phn t tn ti trong trong cc mt phngX-Z v Y-Z ca ECS v gc
quay ca phn t tn ti quanh trc X v Y ca ECS.
H ta ECS cho phn t tm c s dng khi chng trnh tnh ton ma trn
cng phn t. Hnh v hin th cho cc thnh phn ng sut cng c v trong trong h
ta ECS.
Trong trng hp phn t t gic, phng ca ngn tay phi biu th trc Z-ECS.
Phng quay (N1->N2->N3->N4) xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Trc Z ca ECS bt
ca 2 cnh N1N4 v N2N3 c nh ngha l phng ca trc X-ECS. Phng vung
gc vi trc x trong mt phng phng phn t l phng ca trc y, chiu xc nh theo
quy tc bn tay phi .
tm ca phn t l trc X-ECS, Yv Z-ECS c xc nh nh phn t t gic .
(a) ECS cho phn t t gic.
25
(b) ECS cho phn t t gic.

Hnh 2.11 ECS ca cc phn t tm.
2.10 Phn t khi(Solid Element).
Cc phn t khi hay c s dng nht trong khng gian l phn t c 4, 6 hoc 8
nt. Thng thng loi phn t ny c s dng cho m hnh cu trc khi, v dy. Mt
phn t khi c th l t din, hnh nm hoc hnh su mt. Mi nt c gi li 3 chuyn
v tnh tin.
Bc t do, h ta phn t v cc loi phn t:
H ta phn t cho tm c s dng khi chng trnh tnh ton ma trn cng
phn t. Hnh v hin th cho cc thnh phn ng sut cng c v trong trong h ta
ECS.
Mi nt c ba bc t do, phn t tn ti chuyn v theo ba phng ca GCS l trc X, Y,
Z.
ECS s dng 3 trc X, Y, Z trong h ta Decac, s dng quy tc bn tay phi xc
nh. Gc ti v tr tm phn t v cc phng ca ECS cng ging nh ca phn t tm
v phng.
C 3 loi phn t: 8 nt, 6 nt, 4 nt. S khc nhau v to hnh c m t nh trong
hnh di. Cc nt ny c nh s lin tip theo bc, bt u t nt N1 cho ti nt cui.
26
Hnh 2.12 Nhng loi phn t khi ba chiu v nh s nt .
3. Phn tch kt cu .
Khi kt cu chu tc dng ca ngoi lc. S phn ng tng ng ca kt cu c th th
hin bng phi tuyn vt liu mt vng no . Tuy nhin trong hu ht cc phn tch kt
cu cho vic thit k, ng x ca vt liu trong kt cu c gi thit l tuyn tnh, cc
thnh phn ng sut c nm trong vng gii hn cho php. Theo vt liu phi tuyn t
khi c xt dn trong tnh ton.
MIDAS/Civil a ra nhng cng thc da trn s phn tch tuyn tnh. Nhng n
cng c kh nng a ra nhng phn tch phi tuyn, P-Delta v phn tch chuyn v ln
27

Phn tch kt cu trong MIDAS/Civil bao gm nhng phn tch tuyn tnh c bn v phn
tch phi tuyn. Di y l mt vi phn tch ni bt :
Phn tch tnh (Linear Static Analysis).
Phn tch ng sut nhit (Thermal Stress Analysis).
Phn tch tuyn tnh ng (Linear Dynamic Analysis).
+ Phn tch tr ring (Eigenvalue Analysis).
+ Phn tch ph phn ng (Response Spectrum Analysis).
+ Phn tch lch s thi gian (Time History Analysis).
Phn tch n nh tuyn tnh (Linear Buckling Analysis).
Phn tch phi tuyn (Nonlinear Static Analysis ).
+ Phn tch P-Delta (P-Delta Analysis ).
+ Phn tch chuyn v ln (Large Displacement Analysis).
+ Phn tch phi tuyn vi phn t phi tuyn (Nonlinear Analysis with Nonlinear
Elements).
Cc la chn phn tch khc (Other analysis options) .
+ Phn tch cc giai on xy dng (Construction Sequence Analysis).
+ Phn tch ti trng di ng cho cu (Moving Load Analysis for bridges) .
+ Phn tch do gi ln khng u (Bridge Analysis automatically reflecting Support
Settlements).
+ Phn tch cu lin hp (Composite Steel Bridge Analysis Considering Section
Properties of Preand Post-Combined Sections).
MIDAS/Civil cho php nhiu chc nng phn tch cng mt lc. Tuy nhin, phn
tch ph phn ng v phn tch lch s thi gian khng th cng nhau.
Tm hiu mt s phn tch chnh trong MIDAS/Civil:
3.1. Phn tch tnh ( Linear Static Analysis).
Cng thc c bn c s dng trong MIDAS/Civil cho phn tch tuyn tnh tnh nh sau:
[K]{ U} = {P}
Trong :
[K]: Ma trn cng.
{U}: Vc t chuyn v.
{P}: Vc t ti trng.
MIDAS/Civil khng gii hn cc trng hp ti trng v t hp ti trng trong phn tch
tnh.
3.2. Phn tch tr ring (Eigenvalue Analysis).
28

Cc m hnh v chu k dao ng t do c xc nh bi cng thc di y:
[K]{Fn}= n2[M]{ Fn }
Trong :
[K] : Ma trn cng.
[M] : Ma trn khi lng.
n2: ng cho ca cc tn s dao ng (n-th mode eigenvalue).
{ }n : Vc t tr ring( n-th mode eigenvector ).
Kt qu ca phn tch ny bao gm cc dng dao ng (mode shapes), vi tn s dao
ng, chu k dao ng v nhng h s th hin tm quan trng ca dao ng. Chng c
xc nh bi ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng ca kt cu. Cc dng dao ng ny
ph thuc vo s bc t do ca cc nt trong h .
Chu k dao ng l thi gian nh ra kt cu hon thnh mt chu k vn ng (tr v
hnh dng trc gn nht). Tip theo ta m t phng thc thu c chu k t nhin
ca 1 h thng SDOF (single degree of freedom): sc cn v lc bao trm ca h thng
SDOF bng khng. Chng ta c th t c bc th hai bng biu thc vi phn <Eq. 1>
miu t dao ng t do <Eq.1>
m + c + ku = p(t)
m + k =0
u: l chuyn v ca dao ng, nu ta tha nhn rng u = Acost,
Trong A l bin dao ng (l chuyn v ban u). T chng ta c th vit li
<Eq.1> nh sau:
(-m2+k)Acost=0 <Eq.2>
tha mn biu thc trn th cc thnh phn trong <Eq. 2>, phi bng khng. Do ta
uc <Eq. 3>
w2 =
k
k
w
1
;w =
;f =
;T =
m
m
2p
f
Vi 2, , f v T ln lt l tr ring, tn s gc t nhin, tn s v chu k t nhin.
29
Hnh 3.1: Hnh dng v chu k t nhin tng ng ca dm mt tha
H s biu th s nh hng ca hnh dng mu ti dao ng c biu th bi cng

thc sau:
Gm =
M j
M j
i
i
im
2
im
Trong :
m : h s
m : th t mu
Mi : Khi lng tp trung ti v tr i
im : h s hnh dng ca khi lng ti v tr i(nh hng ca hnh dng )
Trong hu ht cc thit k v ng t, n c quy nh bi tng nh hng ca khi
lng trong 1 phn tch phi ln hn 90% ca tng khi lng ton b. iu ny m bo
kh nng chu lc ti hn trong thit k.
[ M j ]
=
Gm
im
2
i im
M j
<Eq. 5>
30

trong :
Mm: Khi lng c hiu
Nu trong s cc t do ca khi lng c nh sn tr nn b p buc, khi
lng s c bao gm trong tng khi lng nhng b loi tr t kt qu mang li t
khi lng, mang li s kim ch trn cc vc t tng ng. Nu so snh trng lng c
hiu vi khi lng tng, t do lin quan ti cc thnh phn khi lng khng phi l
p buc. Cho mt v d khi chuyn v ngang bc t do ca mt cng trnh hm l hn ch,
n khng cn thit a ra xem xt thnh phn khi lng ngang ti sn tng ng.
Trong phn tch ng kt cu t chnh xc cao, qu trnh phn tch phi phn nh
chnh xc khi lng v cng, l nhn t quan trng xc nh tr ring. Trong
mi trng hp, nhng phn t hu hn c th c tnh sn nhng thnh phn v
cng. Tuy nhin trong trng hp khi lng bn phi tnh ton c lng chnh xc.
Khi lng y lin quan ti trng lng bn thn ca cc thnh phn kt cu n tng
i nh so vi tng khi lng, n ht sc quan trng trong vic phn tch tnh ton tr
ring cho tt c cc khi lng thnh phn ca kt cu.
Thng thng cc thnh phn khi lng c ch ra bi 3 chuyn v khi lng v 3
moment qun tnh quay khi lng vi 6 bc t do cho mi nt. M men qun tnh
quay khng c nh hng trc tip ti s phn ng ng ca kt cu. Ch c gia tc l l
do gy chuyn v l tiu biu ng dng vo trong ng t. Khi hnh dng kt cu l bt
k, trng tm ca khi lng khng trng vi trng tm ca cng kt cu th ta phi
dng m men quay gin tip bng cch quy i hnh dng. Cc thnh phn ca khi lng
tnh ton s c tnh ton theo cc cng thc sau (Xem hnh 16):
Chuyn v khi lng(Translational mass).
dm
M men qun tnh quay(Rotational mass moment of inertia).
r2 dm
Vi r l khong cch t trng tm quy i ca tng khi lng n trng tm khi
lng ca tng phn.
n v cho khi lng v mmen qun tnh c nh ngha bi n v phn chia cho
khi lng bi gia tc trong trng hp s dng h n vi MKS hoc ca Anh, khi
lng trong h n v SI cng s dng tng t nh trong h n v MSK.
MIDAS/Civil l mt cng c s dng kh hiu qu trong phn tch ton b khi lng. D
liu c th nhp vo t menu chnh nh sau: Model>Masses>Nodal Masses, Floor,
Diaphragm Masses or Loads to Masses.
31

MIDAS/Civil s dng phng thc lp cho li gii ca bi ton tr ring. N rt hiu qu
cho cho vic phn tch nhng kt cu ln.
Hnh 3.2 Tnh ton cho d liu khi lng

3.3. Phn tch ph phn ng(Response Spectrum Analysis).
Cng thc m t s cn bng ca kt cu nn c s dng trong phn tch ph phn
ng c th c biu din nh sau:
[M](t) + [C](t) + Ku(t) = -[M]wg(t)
Trong :
[M] :Ma trn khi lng.
32

[C] : Ma trn cn.
[K] : Ma trn cng ca kt cu .
wg( t) : vc t gia tc nn.
V u(t), (t) v (t) l cc vc t chuyn v, vn tc v gia tc.
Phn tch ph phn ng ng tha nhn rng s phn ng ca h thng nhiu t do
(multi-degree-of-freedom(MDOF) system) tng ng vi nhiu h thng n t do
(single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) Systems). Ph phn ng nh ngha ra nhng con s
ti a ca tng ng vi s phn ng v khng n nh vi nhng chu k ca dao ng t
nhin ca dao ng, n c chun bng 1 h thng nhng con s thng nht trong
sut tin trnh. Chuyn v, vn tc, gia tc l nhng con s c bn ca ph. Phn tch ph
phn ng thng s dng trong thit k ng t. Vic thit k ng t c quy nh
trong tiu chun thit k.
D on con s thit k phn ng ti a, con s ln nht cho mi phn ng t c
trc tin v sau t hp li bng 1 phng thc thch hp. i vi vic thit k ng
t, chuyn v v lc qun tnh tng ng vi t do cho cch thc m-th c biu din
nh sau:
dxm = mxmSdm, Fxm = mxmSamWx
Trong :
m : L nhn t xt n m-th
xm : L vc t tnh n m-th ti v tr x
Wx : Khi lng ti v tr x
Trong 1 phng thc nh sn, s liu ph tng ng cho vic tnh ton chu k t nhin
t c thng qua d liu ph bng php ni suy tuyn tnh. V vy quy nh d liu v
chu k ph t nhin phi c ly nhiu hn sao cho trn phn ng cong thay i
(hnh v 3.3). Phm vi ca chu k t nhin cho d liu ca ph phi c m rng thch
ng tn ti bao gm con s ln nht v nh nht t vic phn tch tr ring. Vic tnh ton
ng t cho nhiu ta nh v cy cu vi vic dng gin tip d liu ph th phi nhn
vi nhng h s trung gian ca h s ng, h s nn, h s vng, h s tm quan trng,
MIDAS/Civil c th pht sinh ra vic thit k ph vi vic s dng nhng tham s v
ng t, phn tch ph phn ng c ch ra trong mt phng chung X-Y v trong trc
thng ng Z. Bn phi la chn phng thc thch hp cho vic t hp cc cho kt qu
tr v ca phn tch. V d nh phng thc :
- Complete Quadratic Combination (CQC)
- Absolute Sum (ABS)
33
Hnh 3.3 ng cong Response spectrum v cch ni suy tuyn tnh d liu ph
3.4. Phn tch lch s thi gian(Time History Analysis).
Biu thc biu th cn bng ng cho phng php phn tch theo lch s thi gian c
vit nh sau:
[M](t) + [C](t) + Ku(t) = -p(t)
Trong :
[M] : Ma trn khi lng
[C] : Ma trn cn
[K] : Ma trn cng
p(t) : Vc t ti trng ng
V u(t), u (t) and u (t) l cc vc t chuyn v, vn tc v gia tc
Phn tch lch s thi gian tm ra li gii cho nhng phng trnh cn bng ng khi m
kt cu chu ti trng ng. N tnh ton ra mt lot cc phn ng ca kt cu (chuyn v,
lc) trong mt chu k thi gian c s trn nhng b phn ng tiu biu ca kt cu
di tc dng ca ti trng.
MIDAS/Civil s dng phng thc chng cht (Modal Superposition Method) cho vic
phn tch theo lch s thi gian. Chuyn v ca kt cu t c t s chng cht tuyn
tnh ca cc m hnh chuyn v. y l phng thc c nh ra trn c s thnh lp ma
trn cn l t hp tuyn tnh ca ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng, c th hin
bng cc phng trnh di y:
34
Trong :
w Di = w i 1 - x i2
, : L nhng h s thc nghim.
i : h s cn for i-th mode.
i: Tn s xut hin t nhin for i-th mode.
i: h s hnh th i.
Khi phng php phn tch ny c a ra, chuyn v ca kt cu c xc nh bng
s tng kt kt qu ca mi m hnh v li gii tng ng cho m hnh nh trong cng
thc <Eq. 4>. S ng n ca phng php ph thuc vo nhng con s m phng
thc s dng. Modal Superposition Method rt c hiu qu v nh mt h qu, c s
dng rng ri cho phn tch tuyn tnh ng nhng kt cu ln. Tuy nhin phn tch ny
khng th dng cho phn tch phi tuyn hoc cho nhng trng hp sc cn tng trng
khng l t hp tuyn tnh ca ma trn khi lng v ma trn cng.
Sau y l nt chnh chun b cho vic nhp d liu khi s dng Modal Superposition
Method:
- Total analysis time (or Iteration number).
- Time step.
- Modal damping ratios (or Rayleigh coefficients).
35

y l con s c trng cho thuc tnh cn ca mt kt cu, n lin quan ti c kin trc
tng th hoc ring l.
- Dynamic loads.
Ti trng ng tc ng trc tip vo nt hoc mng ca kt cu c din t nh l
hm ca thi gian. S thay i ti trng phi c th hin l hm cng bc. Ti trng
ti mt thi im s c ni suy tuyn tnh.
Hnh 3.4 ch ra mt h thng c l tng ha minh ha cho s chuyn ng ca
1 h thng kt cu SDOF. Trng thi cn bng ca chuyn ng c a ra bng mt
lc tc ng trn h thng SDOF nh sau:
fI(t) + fD(t) + fE(t) = f(t)
fI(t) :l lc qun tnh, n c chiu ngc vi chiu vn tc ca kt cu.
Lc cn c chiu ngc vi chiu ca gia tc v c ln l: mu (t). fE(t)n chnh l lc
n hi. L lc lm cho kt cu khi phc li hnh dng ban u khi b bin dng. Lc c
chiu ngc vi chiu ca chuyn v c ln l ku(t). fD(t), n chnh l lc cn, n l lc
lm tiu hao chuyn ng ca kt cu. lm bin dao ng gim dn. Lc cn ny c th
xy ra bn trong do s mi xt. Chiu ca n ngc vi chiu vn tc v c ln:
cu (t).
(a) M hnh l tng ha
(b) Trng thi cn bng
Hnh 3.4 S chuyn ng ca h thng SDOF
3.5 Phn tch phi tuyn (Nonlinear Analysis).

3.5.1 Miu t chung v phng php phn tch phi tuyn (Overview of Nonlinear
Analysis).
Khi phn tch kt cu n hi tuyn tnh, ta gi thit rng mi quan h gia ng sut v
bin dng l tuyn tnh v cng cng tha vt liu l tuyn tnh khi chu lc, bin dng
nh.
36

Gi thit v tuyn tnh l hp l trong hu ht cc kt cu. Tuy nhin phn tch phi tuyn
l cn thit khi ng sut vt qu quy nh v bin dng trong kt cu. c bit trong kt
cu h dy : cu treo v cu dy vng . Phn tch phi tuyn c th c phn ra lm 3 loi
hnh chnh:
1.Phi tuyn vt liu: Khi lc tc dng ln kt cu l ln lm cho ng sut trong ln, mi
quan h gia ng sut v bin dng l khng tuyn tnh. Mi quan h ny ch ra hnh
di. S bin thin ny ty thuc vo phng thc cht ti v c tnh ca vt liu.
Hnh 3.5 Mi quan h gia ng sut v bin dng s dng trong phn tch phi tuyn vt liu
2. Phi tuyn hnh hc

Phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc c s dng khi kt cu b bin dng ln v dng hnh hc
b thay i. Lc v chuyn v khng cn quan h tuyn tnh. Phi tuyn hnh hc c th
tn ti trong phi tuyn vt liu. Kt cu cp v cu treo c phn tch cho phi tuyn hnh
hc. Phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc phi c a ra nu b thay i ng k v hnh dng
di tc dng ca ti trng v hoc thm vo ti trng nh m men.
(a) cng kt cu thay i khi chuyn v ln.
(b) Thm ti trng thng ng lm kt cu tng chuyn v.

Hnh 3.6 H thng kt cu s dng phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc.
37

3. Phi tuyn bin
Mi quan h gia ti trng v chuyn v c th tm thy trong kt cu ti nhng ni m
iu kin bin thay i vi bin dng ca n di tc dng ca ngoi lc. V d nh ti
ch tip xc gia bin kt cu v nn.
3.5.2 Phng php phn tch phi tuyn chuyn v ln (Large Displacement Nonlinear
Analysis)
Theo cng thc ca l thuyt n hi. Chuyn v nh c s dng trong phn tch
tuyn tnh c a ra bi cng thc di y vi gi nh l gc quay nh:
1
e ij = (u i , j + u j ,i )
2
ij l thnh phn bin dng gcui,j l nhng o hm bc nht ca hnh chiu
chuyn v theo phng j i vi phng i . Khi bin dng ln xy ra trong kt cu. S
bin dng ca kt cu khng th c th hin bng nhiu on nh. Bin dng ln c th
c phn chia thnh nhiu nhng thnh phn quay v khng quay c th hin biu
thc di y di y . F, R v U l ten x bin dng, ten x gc quay v ten x chuyn
v. U th hin s bin dng ca kt cu thc.
F=RU, =f(U)
Sc cng chnh xc c th c tnh ton t biu thc trn sau khi loi b i thnh
phn xoay. Khi ln ca gc quay ln th tnh ng n ca mi lin h bin dng
chuyn v khng c nh thi im u. iu c ngha l nn a vo phi tuyn hnh
hc bi v s thay i ca bin dng theo chuyn v tnh ton t phng php phn tch
phi tuyn.
Hnh 3.7 :Phi tuyn hnh hc cho chuyn v ln .
38

MIDAS/Civil s dng phng php Co-rotational cho phn tch phi tuyn. Phng php
xem xt phn tch hnh hc bng cch s dng h ta Co-rotational. C s v thut ton
phn tch ca n c trnh by nh sau: y l phng thc tnh phi tuyn hnh hc
bng cch s dng trong h ta Co-ratotional, trong di chuyn cng vi quay ca phn
t b bin dng. Mi quan h gia bin dng v chuyn v trong h ta Co-ratotional c
th biu din nh mt biu thc ma trn sau = Bu v ma trn quan h gia bin dng
v chuyn v s dng trong phn tch tuyn tnh c th c ng dng vo. iu c
ngha l trng thi bn n nh v kh nng hi t ca phn t trong phn tch tuyn tnh
c duy tr v n cn lm c s a vo phn tch phi tuyn. Duy tr nhiu nt c
trng thun li nht trong phn tch cho phn tch phi tuyn.
Chuyn v u ^ trong h ta Co-rotational c tnh ton bng biu thc sau
u={e1,e2,e3,e1,e2,e3},v vi phn ca chuyn v u l linearized v c mi lin h
u=Tu trong trng hp bi ton tuyn tnh n hi trong h ta Co-rotational ni
lc ca phn t pint c tnh t biu thc :
^ int
= B T d Vo
dv
Trong : ^ l ng sut nn trong h ta Co-rotational v s gia c biu din

bng cng thc di y:
^
dp int = ( K + K s )d u
Trong biu thc trn, K l dng ma trn cng. Tip theo, biu thc ca trng thi
cn bng phi tuyn c th t c bng cch s dng mi quan h cn bng gia ni lc
v ngoi lc, p ext-p ent =0.
^
( K + K s ) u = p ext
Phng thc Newton-Raphson v Arc-length c s dng cho vic tm li gii cho
biu thc ca trng thi cn bng phi tuyn. Phng thc Newton-Raphson l phng
thc ti trng n c s dng cho nhng phn tch c trng. Nhng bi ton nh
Snapthrough hoc Snap-back, phng thc Arc-length c s dng.
MIDAS/Civil cho php s dng phn t gin, dm, bn cho phn tch phi tuyn hnh
hc. Nu nhng phn t khc c s dng, cng ca n c th c tnh ton n
nhng khng theo phi tuyn hnh hc.
3.5.3 Phng php phn tch P-Delta( P-Delta Analysis).
39

Phn tch P-Delta trong MIDAS/Civil l 1 loi phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc, n c
dng phn tch nhng kt cu khi m xut hin ng thi ti trng theo phng ngang
v mmen quay cng xut hin ng thi i vi phn t dm hoc tng. S nh hng
ca phn tch ny l rt ln i vi cc cng trnh xy dng cao ni m trc quay ca lc
v lc trn cao, n l nguyn nhn gy ra nhng chuyn dch bn trn.
Hu ht nhng thit k theo ACI 318 v AISC-LRFD u ch ra hiu qu ca phn tch
Pdelta trong phn tch kt cu n bao gm vic tnh ton cho nhiu lc trong thc t.
c trng ca phn tch P-Delta trong MIDAS/Civil c da trn khi nim chung ca
phng php phn tch bng s thng qua phn tch n nh. Phn tch tuyn tnh tnh
c thi hnh trc ht cho nhng iu kin v lc v sau dng ma trn cng mi l
cng thc c s da trn s tc ng ca lc hoc ng sut t c t phn tch ln th
nht. Theo cch dng hnh hc ca ma trn cng c chnh s v lp i lp li
nhiu ln v s dng cho vic phn tch tnh cui cng v cho ti khi hi t c tha
mn. T tng ca vic phn tch P-Delta s dng trong MIDAS/Civil c ch ra nh
sau:
Hnh 3.8 Biu pht trin ca phn tch P-Delta trong MIDAS/Civil
40

Khi c 1 lc ngang tc ng ln nh ct, kt qu s tr v mmen v 1 chuyn dch.
Nu ta thm vo 1 lc ko nhm gim bt thnh phn lc i nhng cn phi xt rng
nu thm lc nn vo s lm tng thnh phn lc ln. Tuy nhin, lc ko trn ct ng
vai tr l thnh phn lm gim tc ng ca lc ngang, tng cng cho ct theo phng
ngang. Trong khi li c nh hng ngc li.
Hnh 3.9 Column behaviors due to P-Delta effects

Nu kt qu P-Delta l ng nt t, mmen ca ct do ring lc ngang gy ra s bin
thin t M=0 n M=VL ti chn ct. Khi ta thm lc ko hoc lc nn n s ln lt gy
ra gim hoc tng momen P-Delta. iu ny tng ng vi vic tng hoc gim thnh
phn cng ca ct theo phng ngang.
Do , chuyn v theo phng ngang y c th hin trc ca lc theo phong ngang.
=V/K, K =Ko +Kg
41

-Ko y tng ng vi cng ca ct theo phng ngang
-Kg th hin kt qu ca s thay i (tng/gim) cng theo phng ca lc.
Phn tch P-Delta c th tm tt nh sau:
+ Bc phn tch th nht.
1 = V/KO
+ Bc phn tch th hai.
2 = f(P,1), = 1 + 2
+ Bc phn tch th 3.
3 = f(P,2), = 1 + 2 + 3
+ Bc phn tch th 4.
4 = f(P,3), = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
....
+ Bc phn tch th n.
n = f(P,n-1), = 1 + 2 + 3 +... + n
Sau khi t c 1 t bc phn tch th nht, dng ma trn cng i vi trc ca
lc s c tm ra, ma trn ny s c lm c s c thm vo t nhng ma trn
mi. Ma trn mi ny by gi s c s dng tnh ton 2 mang li t vic s dng
P-Delta, v iu kin hi t s c kim tra. iu kin hi t ny dc nh ngha trong
P-Delta Analysis Control trong c s vng lp v chuyn v ti hn. Nhng bc
nhy trn c lp cho ti khi hi t c tha mn.
Ngi ta nhn thy rng phng php phn tch P-Delta trong MIDAS/Civil a ra kt
qu rt chnh xc khi chuyn v theo phng ngang tng i nh (trong gii hn n hi)
Trng thi cn bng tnh trong phn tch P-Delta s dng trong c th biu din bng biu
thc sau:
[KG ]{ u }+ [K]{ u }= { P }
Trong :
[K] :ma trn cng ca m hnh bin dng trc
[KG]: Dng ma trn s tr v t nhng lc v ng sut trong mi bc nhy ca
vng lp.
{P} : Vc t ti trng tnh
{u} : vc t chuyn v
Phn tch P-Delta trong MIDAS/Civil c lit k nh sau:
- Nhng dng ma trn cng phn nh hiu qu ca P-Delta ch c th c tnh ton
cho phn t gin dm v tng.
42

- Bin dng ngang(bin dng un v bin dng ct)ca cc phn t dm ch c tnh ton
cho Large-Stress Effect(ng sut ln) theo phng ca lc.
- Phn tch P-Delta c hiu lc trong gii hn n hi.
Ni chung, phng php phn tch P-Delta c ngh a ra ng dng cho giai on
thit k cui cng ca kt cu. N l mt qu trnh i hi nhiu thi gian v c th p
dng my tnh vo qu trnh tnh ton.
43
Chng 3: Nghin cu chng trnh Midas/Civil
1. Nghin cu d liu u vo, u ra.

1.1 S liu u vo
a. File ca chng trnh Midas/Civil.
Gm cc File:
*.mcb: file c bn dng m ho.
*.mct: file c bn dng text. File ny rt cn thit v c th thao tc thit k thng qua
Text Editor m hnh ha kt cu theo cu trc ca Midas.
Cu trc ca file *.mct:
File *.mct l mt file text c cu trc do Midas/Civil nh ngha nhm gip ngi dng c
thm mt cch thao tc vi d liu thng qua trnh son tho Midas/Text Editor hoc bt
c chng trnh no khc. c th lm vic c hiu qu v nhanh chng vi file *.MCT
ta phi hiu r cu trc ca n.
Trong file *.mct d liu ca d n c lu theo mt cu trc rt r rng v c ghi ch
y (Bt u ghi ch bi du ;). Ni dung thng tin c lu trong cc khi d liu,
Tn cc khi bt u bng du *, cc trng c ngn cch bng du ,, cc bn ghi
c lu trn cc dng khc nhau. V d:
*NODE ; Nodes
; iNO, X, Y, Z
1000,
0,
1001,
0.5,
1002,
1,
1003,
3,
1004,
5,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0
0
0
0
0
Di y l mt s khi d liu trong file *.mct

*VERSION - Phin bn ca chng trnh.
*UNIT - n v s dng trong d n.
*PROJINFO - Thng tin v d n
*NODE
- Lu tr d liu v nt
; iNO, X, Y, Z
44

; iNO: Tn nt, X: Ta X, Y: Ta Y, Z: Ta Z
*ELEMENT
- Lu tr d liu v phn t
; iEL, TYPE, iMAT, iPRO, iN1, iN2, iN3 ; Frame
Element
; iEL: Tn phn t, TYPE: Loi phn t, iMAT: M vt liu, iPRO: M mt ct,

iN1: Tn nt 1, iN2: Tn nt 2, iN3: Tn nt 3
*MATERIAL
- Lu tr d liu v vt liu.
; iMAT, TYPE, MNAME, SPHEAT, HEATCO, PLAST, TUNIT, bMASS,

ELAST, POISN, THERMAL, DEN, MASS
; STEEL, CONC, USER
; iMAT: M vt liu, TYPE: Loi vt liu, MNAME: Tn vt liu, SPHEAT: Nhit dung
ring, HEATCO: dn nhit, PLAST, TUNIT, bMASS, ELAST: M un n hi,
POISN: H s poisson, THERMAL: H s dn n nhit, DEN: Mt khi lng,
MASS: Ti trng bn thn.
*SECTION
;
- Lu tr d liu v mt ct.
iSEC,
TYPE,
SNAME,
OFFSET,
SHAPE,
[DATA]
{,
CCSHAPE}
; DB/USER
DB/USER: Ngi dng t nh ngha
; iSEC: M mt ct, TYPE: Loi mt ct, SNAME: Tn mt ct, OFFSET: Ni ghp,
SHAPE: Hnh dng, [DATA]: s liu mt ct.
*TDN-PROPERTY
- Thuc tnh ca cp d ng lc
; NAME, TYPE, MATL, AREA, DIA, RC, FF, WF, US, YS, LT, ASB,
ASE, bBONDED
; NAME: Tn, TYPE: Loi, MATL: M vt liu, AREA: Din tch mt ct, DIA: Din
tch ng ghen, RC: H s hi phc, FF: H s ma st cong, WF: H s ma st, US: Gii
hn bn, YS: Gii hn chy, LT, ASB, ASE, bBONDED
*TDN-PROFILE ;
NAME=NAME,
INPUT
V tr ca cp d ng lc
TDN-PROPERTY,
ELEM_LIST,
BEGIN,
END,
CURVE,
; line 1
; NAME: Tn, TDN-PROPERTY: Tn thuc tnh, ELEM_LIST: Danh sch phn t,

BEGIN: im bt u, END: im kt thc, CURVE, INPUT
*GROUP
- Cc nhm kt cu
; NAME, NODE_LIST, ELEM_LIST

; NAME: Tn, NODE_LIST: Danh sch nt, ELEM_LIST: Danh sch phn t
*BNDR-GROUP
- Cc nhm ti trng
; NAME: Tn nhm
45

*STLDCASE
- Cc trng hp ti trng
; LCNAME, LCTYPE, DESC

; LCNAME: Tn, LCTYPE: Loi, DESC: M t
*CONSTRAINT
- Cc nhm iu kin bin
; NODE_LIST, CONST(Dx,Dy,Dz,Rx,Ry,Rz), GROUP

; NODE_LIST: Danh sch nt, CONST(Dx,Dy,Dz,Rx,Ry,Rz): Loi lin kt, GROUP:
Nhm
*CONLOAD
- Ti trng nt.
; NODE_LIST, FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, MZ, GROUP

; NODE_LIST: Danh sch nt, FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, MZ, GROUP: Nhm
*ELTEMPER
- Ti trng nhit phn t.
*BSTEMPER
- Ti trng nhit dm.
*STAGE
- Cc giai on thi cng.
*ENDDATA Kt thc file MCT.

b. Cc loi File chuyn i ca chng trnh khc.
*.dxf: file m hnh dng text ca AutoCAD DXF
*.s90: file d liu dng text ca SAP90.
*.s2k file d liu dng text ca SAP2000.
*.std: file d liu dng text ca STAAD
*.gti: file d liu dng text ca GT STRUDL
1.2 S liu u ra.
Cc file phn tch: C tn m rng: ca1, ca2 ca6, anl, out.
fn.ca1 File nh phn c to ra trong qu trnh phn tch tnh, ng.
fn.ca2 File kt qu sau mi ln phn tch time history v phn tch nh hng ca nhit
hydrat ha.
fn.ca3 File lu tt c d liu thu c t phn tch ti trng di ng, ng nh hng,
mt nh hng v h tr hon thnh cc phn tch.
fn.ca4 File cha tt c d liu sinh ra trong qu trnh phn tch phi tuyn hnh hc
(geometric nonlinear analysis).
fn.ca5 File lu tt c d liu thu c t qu trnh phn tch pushover.
fn.ca6 File lu tt c d liu thu c t qu trnh phn tch cc giai on xy dng.
46

fn.anl Text File bao gm cc kt qu phn tch kt cu (phn lc gi, chuyn v, lc phn
t, ng sut, vv) c ty chn bi ngi dng.
File ny c ch cho vic kim tra li kt qu tnh ton vit bo co kt qu.
fn.out Cha tt c cc thng bo xut hin trong qu trnh tnh ton.
Cc file ho: C tn m rng: color, emf, bmp, mgf
Cc file chuyn i ca chng trnh khc:
*.dxf: file m hnh dng text ca AutoCAD DXF
1.3 Cc dng file khc
C tn m rng bak, bom, sgs, spd, thd, bog.
fn.bak file backup ca Midas
fn.bom file dng text cha thng tin v vt liu, mt ct.
fn.sgs File kt qu theo ng t trong MIDAS/Civil, To ra khi Tools>Seismic Data
Generator.
fn.spd file dng Text c to ra khi thc hin phn tch ph phn ng.
fn.thd file dng Text c to ra khi thc hin Load>Time History Analysis Data >Time
Forcing Functions
fn.bog File c to ra khi thc hin Batch OutputGeneration dialog box
2. M hnh ho kt cu.
2.1 H ta .
MIDAS/Civil a ra nhng h ta sau:
H ta tng th: Global Coordinate System (GCS)
H ta tng th l h ta vung gc trong khng gian ba chiu. Cc trc ta
vung gc vi nhau v hp thnh mt tam din thun. Chiu ca chng c xc nh
theo qui tc bn tay phi. Cc trc ta tng ng: X, Y, Z. Hng mc nh ca h trc
ta lun c chiu dng ca trc Z hng thng ng t di ln. Cc h trc ta
a phng cho nt, cho phn t v ti trng gia tc nn u c nh ngha tng ng
vi hng thng ng ny.
H ta phn t: Element Coordinate System (ECS)
H ta phn t ECS s dng ch nh x-y-z lm tn cc trc nh quy c trong h ta
Decac v chiu cng c xc nh theo quy tc bn tay phi. Kt qu tr v l tt c
cc lc v ng sut ca phn t v phn ln d liu nhp vo u c kt hp vi phn
t v c th hin trong h ta phn t.
47

H ta nt: Node local Coordinate System (NCS)
H ta nt (NCS) c s dng nh ngha d liu vo kt hp vi cc iu kin
bin v d nh bin c nh, bin n hi v bin chuyn v (ln), mt iu ng ch l
h ta khng c dng kt hp vi GCS. Ngoi ra NCS c s dng a ra cc
phn ng trong 1 h ta bt k. H ta nt NCS s dng ch nh x-y-z lm tn
cc trc nh quy c trong h ta Decac v chiu cng c xc nh theo quy tc bn
tay phi.
Hnh 2.1 H ta chung v ta nt
2.2 S tnh
-
M hnh kt cu cc dng cu
Cc b phn ca kt cu s c m t bng cc phn t thanh (Frame) cng vi cc cch

thc lin kt.
* Phn t thanh
Trong trng hp n gin ta c th lp mt m hnh 2 chiu (s phng) vi cc
phn t thanh dc dng m t kt cu pha trn v phn ng xe chy, cc thnh phn
t thng ng dng m t cc tr cu v m cu. i vi nhng kt cu cu cong th
cc phn t thanh khng cn th hin trong s phng n. Cc phn t theo phong
ngang c th oc s dng m hnh ha cc x m tr, cc dm ngang v cc b phn
khc. S sau th hin mt v d s cu h khung cong lin tc.
48
Hnh 2.2 S hnh chiu
Cn nhp cc c trng mt ct ph hp m t c trng chung v cng ca cc kt

cu nhp v m tr. Cc phn t thanh s nm v tr dc trc trung ha cu cc b phn
thc ca kt cu m chng i din.
Kt qu phn tch kt cu cu s cho bit cc ni lc ca cc phn t thanh chng ta c
th dng khi thit k cc mt ct cc b phn cu ni lc v chuyn v do hot ti gy ra s
ch c tnh ton cho cc phn t thanh no m k s thit k ch nh.
* Cc lin kt gi cu
Cc lin kt gi cu c th c m hnh ha bng cc s khc nhau nh gi n hi
hoc gi cng hoc lin kt phn t n hi. Tc dng ca hot ti s ch c tnh ton
i vi cc gi n hi hoc gi cng no m k s thit k ch nh.
* Gi cu v khe bin dng.
Vic chn s t cc gi v cc khe bin dng cho kt cu nhp cu cn phi c
nghin cu cn thn c xt tnh lin tc ca chuyn v thng v chuyn v quay. Tnh lin
tc ca cc phn t s c m t thng qua t do v s dch chuyn ca cc gi hoc
ca cc khe bin dng. miu t tnh khng lin tc ca cc phn t th cn tch ri
mi quan h gia chng, ngha l gii phng lin kt tng h gia cc nt lin kt.
Cc chuyn v thng theo phng ngang, phng ng v chuyn v quay do xon c th
c do quan h vi nhau, nhng chuyn v theo chiu dc v chuyn v xoay do un trong
cng mt mt phng c th l khng c quan h vi nhau. Tuy nhin ty thuc vo cu to
c th ca tng gi cu v cc nt m chng ta s chn p dng cc iu kin rng buc
v cc t do mt cch ph hp.
*Cc kiu phn t khc.
Trong Midas cn xt n kiu phn t Shell, Plane, Solid... Cc kiu phn t ny thng t
c s dng lp cc s tnh kt cu cu chu hot ti xe. Nu mun s dng cc
49

kiu phn t ny, chng ta phi tnh ton mt cch cn thn v nn lu rng hot ti xe
c xp trn tim ca cc ln xe.
Midas/Civil h tr rt nhiu phng n m hnh ha s tnh ca mt cng trnh.
Ngi dng c th m hnh ha th cng tng nt, tng phn t mt cch chnh xc v
nhanh chng.
Pht sinh phn t trong Midas
Chng trnh h tr rt nhiu phng thc pht sinh phn t v nt.
To nt, phn t
Xa
Dch chuyn
Xoay
i xng
Tch phn t
Ghp phn t
nh li s phn t, nt
S nt, phn t bt u.
To phn t cong
V d pht sinh phn t cong:

Chn
Model > Elements > Create Line Elements on Curve
Cung to bi tm v 2
im
ng trn to bi tm v 2
im
Ellipse to bi tm v 2 im
ng trn to bi
3 im
ng cong to bi 4 im
Parabolic to bi 3 im
Hnh 2.3 Pht sinh phn t cong
50

Ngoi ra Midas/Civil h tr tnh nng wizard cho cc s tnh. Di y l mt s dng
kt cu m Midas/Civil h tr wizard
Vm
Khung
Gin
Tm
Hnh 2.4 Cc dng kt cu
s dng wizard chn: Modeling>Model>Structure wizard

V d s dng wizard m hnh
ha kt cu vm (Arch)1. Chn
Modeling>Model>Structure
wizard> Arch
1. Nhp cc thng s cn thit.
Khi nhp xong chng trnh
s dng cho ta m hnh ca
kt cu.
2. Chn vt liu, mt ct, ti
trng tc dng.
3. Yu cu chng trnh tnh
ton.
51

Kt qu:
2.3 M hnh ha mt ct.

MIDAS/Civil cung cp nhiu mt ct theo cc tiu chun k thut c sn trong c s d
liu, ngoi ra MIDAS/Civil cho php ngi dng t nh ngha.
Cc tnh nng to mt ct m Midas/Civil h tr:
C s d liu mt ct (Gm cc tiu chun AISC2K, AISC, CISC02, BS, DIN)
Nhp d liu mt ct t 1 file Midas c nh ngha.
C th nh ngha hu nh cc loi mt ct.
y cc loi mt dm thp (I, T, Channel, Angle, Pipe)
Mt ct lin hp b tng v thp thp (SRC)
Mt ct thay i.
Mt ct dm t hp.
C th tnh ton trc tip cc c trng hnh hc ca mt ct.
C th v mt ct bt k thng qua chng trnh SPC.
*Trnh t m hnh ha mt ct:
1. Mt ct trong Midas/Civil c xy dng trong menu
Model>Properties>Section
2. Chn Add, gi s ta xy dng mt ct hp => chn PSC
52
3. Nhp cc thng s theo hng dn. Khi nhp xong chng trnh s cho ta hnh minh
ha v cc thng s hnh hc.
53

4. Gn mt ct vo kt cu.
- Chn cc phn t cn gn mt ct
- a mt ct cn gn vo phn t s dng tnh nng ko v th (Drag and Drop)
2.4 M hnh ha vt liu
Vt liu c a vo m hnh phn tch kt cu thng qua c c trng vt liu:
Thnh phn cng
c trng vt liu
K hiu
Dc trc v un
M un n hi
E1
Xon v ct
H s Poisson hoc
Nu,G12
mun n hi trt
Ti trng do nhit
H s gin n nhit
A1
Ti trng bn thn
Trng lng ring
Ma trn khi lng phn
Khi lng ring
t
Trong mt s bi ton, cc i lng khng cn thit s c gn bng 0.
Midas/Civil h tr m hnh ha nhiu loi vt liu:
Vt liu c sn trong c s d liu theo cc tiu chun k thut
(ASTM, CSA, BS, DIN, EN, JIS, GB, JGJ, JTJ, KS )
Vt liu ph thuc thi gian.
Nhp d liu t file c nh ngha
Vt liu do ngi dng t nh ngha
c bit Midas phn tch rt tt vt liu ph thuc thi gian
54
- Vt liu ph thuc thi gian cho tnh ton co ngt t bin: Theo cc tiu chun
ACI, PCA, CEB-FIP
- Vt liu ph thuc thi gian cho tnh ton s bin i ca m un n hi. Theo
cc tiu chun: ACI, CEB-FIP
55
*Trnh t m hnh ha vt liu:

1. Vt liu trong Midas/Civil c xy dng trong menu
Model>Properties>Material
2. Chn Add, Chn cc mc vt liu c sn hoc chn user defined nhp.

3. Nhp cc thng s.
4. Gn vt liu cho kt cu
- Chn phn t cn gn vt liu
56

- a vt liu cn gn vo phn t s dng tnh nng ko v th.
2.5 M hnh ha iu kin bin
iu kin bin c th hin thng qua bc t do ca nt.
Cc thnh phn chuyn v (ng v gc) ca nt c
gi l cc t do (TD) ca nt. Mt nt c 3 thnh
phn chuyn v ng k hiu l Dx, Dy, Dz v 3 thnh
phn chuyn v gc Rx, Ry, Rz. Mt thnh phn chuyn v c th c 2 trng thi: C th
chuyn v hay b khng ch khng chuyn v.
iu kin bin ca mt nt l s khng ch mt hay nhiu thnh phn chuyn v ca
nt . Lin kt l xo l cc lin kt n hi khi c chuyn v n s sinh ra cc phn lc
tng ng, cc l xo c t ti im nt ca kt cu. Mt lin kt n hi cng c 6
thnh phn cng tng ng vi 6 bc t do ca nt.
Chuyn v cng bc c p dng cho trng hp khi ti trng ngoi l cc chuyn v
cng bc ti cc lin kt hay cc nt bt k trong kt cu. Lin kt c th l lin kt cng
(Ngm, khp, gi ta...) hay lin kt l xo. Cc gi tr ca chuyn v cng bc c ch
nh trc tip theo h ta a phng hoc tng th ca mt nt.
p t chuyn v cng bc cho mt hay nhiu thnh phn chuyn v no ca nt,
th cc phn chuyn v tng ng phi c p t iu kin bin chng chuyn v.
Ngm
Gi c nh
Gi di ng ngang
Gi di ng ng
U1
U1
R1
U1
R1
R1
U2
U2
R2
U2
R1
R1
U2
U2
U3
U3
U3
R3
R3
Ngm trt ngang
R2
U3
R3
R3
R3
Trong nhng trng hp n gin, ch cn s dng s phng m hnh kt cu cu.

i vi cu cong, h gin khng gian, cu dy, mng dm... cn s dng m hnh khng
gian m t.
C th s dng Restraints hoc Sprng m t gi cu. Ti cc v tr gi, khe co gin cn
quan tm n tnh lin tc ca mi thnh phn chuyn v. Thnh phn lin tc i hi
t do tng ng phi c ni lin. m t c th s dng 2 cch sau:
+ Ni mi phn t vo mt nt ring bit ti cng mt v tr v s dng Constrains
ni lin cc t do ca cc nt cn thit.
57

+ Ni cc phn t vo cng mt nt v s dng Releases tho b cc t do khng
lin tc.
Hai hnh thc trn l tng ng trong cc bi ton tnh, nhng trong bi ton ng nn
s dng hnh thc th nht.
Cc loi iu kin bin c nh ngha trong Midas/Civil
Support: Gi.
Point Spring Supports: Gi n hi.
Surface Spring Supports c dng khi kt cu lin kt vi t nn.
Elastic Link Lin kt n hi, dng lin kt cc phn t. V d lin kt tr cu v dm,
gi v dm.
Trnh t m hnh ha lin kt gi cho kt cu cu:
1. Chn
Model > Boundaries > Loi iu
kin bin. V d chn Supports

2. Chn nt hoc phn t cn gn iu kin bin.
3. Chn cc iu kin cho gi. Gi s ta chn gi
c nh => khai bo nh hnh v.
4. Chn Apply t iu kin bin.
Tng t ta c th khai bo iu kin bin l gi

58

n hi. Ta ch cn nhp cng ca gi theo
cc phng.
2.6 Ti trng v h s ti trng.

a. Ti trng.
Cc loi ti trng phc v cho vic phn tch trong Midas/Civil bao gm cc loi: Tnh ti,
ti trng di ng, ti trng ng.
a.1. Ti trng tnh (Static loads) c s dng thc hin phn tch tnh.
Trng hp ti trng tnh c cc loi tc ng sau:
- Cc ngoi lc:
+ Trng lng bn thn.
+ Lc tp trung.
+ Lc phn b (phn b u, phn b hnh thang, phn b bt k).
+ M men tp trung.
+ M men phn b.
- Tc ng gi ln: l chuyn v cng bc p dng cho nt c lin kt gi tng ng.
Mi nt c th c 6 thnh phn chuyn v cng bc tng ng vi 6 t do ca nt.
Trong bi ton phng X-Z, ngm c th c 3 thnh phn chuyn v cng bc: UX, UZ,
RY; gi c nh: UX, UZ ; gi di ng ngang: UZ.
- Nhit thay i: Nhit thay i tc dng ln phn t gy ra cc tc dng: ti trc
trung ha gy ra co gin dc trc, t22 gradient nhit theo trc 2 gy un quan trc 3,
t33 gradient nhit theo trc 3. Cc gi tr trn c th khng i trn mi phn t hoc
c th c ni suy t cc gi tr ti nt khi thay i.
Sau y l mt s loi tnh ti Midas/Civil h tr:
59

Self Weight: Ti trng bn thn.
Nodal Loads: Ti trng tp trung
Element Beam Loads: Ti trng tp trung hoc phn b trn dm.
Prestress Beam Loads: Ti trng ng sut trc trong phn t dm.
Tendon Prestress Loads: Ti trng cp d ng lc
Temperature Gradient: Gradient nhit gia ni nh v y ca phn t dm hoc
phn t tm
Define Construction Stage: nh ngha m hnh xy dng cho tng giai on thi
cng.
a.2. Ti trng di ng (Moving Loads): S dng cho phn tch kt cu lin quan n s
di chuyn ca tnh ti.
Cc hot ti cn c t ln cc ln xe nm trn phn ng xe chy. Cc ln xe c
phn chia theo phng ngang ng xe chy v phi c nh ngha trn cc phn t
Frame i din cho mt cu. S lng ln v lch ca chng c th thay i dc theo
chiu di cu trong m t cc giao ct, hp v tch ln.
ng xe chy: L mt chui cc phn t Frame chy dc theo chiu di phn ng xe
chy. Cc phn t ny gi l cc phn t ln, chng i din cho phn mt cu do vy cn
c c trng hnh hc y m t ton b mt ct ngang cu. Cc phn t ln cn c
c im:
+ t ti v tr trc trung ha ca mt cu.
+ Song song vi hng xe chy (hoc gn nh song song)
+ To thnh mt chui lin tc, tc 2 phn t k nhau c gn chung mt nt
hoc 2 nt c cng v tr. Nu khng lion tc th khong h gia cc phn t cn phi nh
c bit l theo hng xe chy.
Ln xe (Traffic Lane)
c t trn mt tp hp cc phn t ln lin tc. V tr ngang ca 1 ng tim ln c
ch ra bi lch tm so vi phn t ln ti mi phn t. Hng ca ln oc xc nh bi
th t ca dy phn t ln.
Trong MIDAS/Civil, mt ln xe c c trng bng lch tm ca ln xe. lch tm
c nh ngha l khong cch gia ng tm ca ln v phn t ln theo phng
vung gc (trc y). Cc k hiu c nh r trn c s ca k hiu ca mmen xon
quanh trc x t khong cch thng gc vi phng ng ca ti trng. lch tm A(+)
60

c cho l theo chiu dng ca m men xon. Nhng lch tm ny c th c nh
ngha tch bit nhau cho mi phn t ln.
Hnh v: Biu th mi lin h gia phn t ln, ng xe chy, lch tm

Mt nh hng (Traffic Surface Lane).
L b mt ln c s dng d nh ngha mt loi ti trng xe di chuyn trong khung
cng hoc bn mt cu. N bao gm b mt ca phn t ln v ng ni nt ln.
61
Hnh: B mt phn t ln v ng ni nt trong b mt ln

Khi nhp vo cc ln hoc b mt cc ln, MIDAS/Civil pht sinh ra cc ng nh
hng hoc mt nh hng cho 5 tiu ch thit k di y:
1. ng nh hng hay mt nh hng cho 6 bc t do ca tt c cc nt trong GCS.
2. ng nh hng hay mt nh hng ca 6 bc t do mi gi trong GCS
3. ng nh hng hay mt nh hng cho lc dc trc ca tt c phn t gin trong
ECS
4. ng nh hng hay mt nh hng cho 6 thnh phn ca cc lc thnh phn
trong tt c cc phn t dm (hoc phn t dm c mt ct thay i) trong ECS cui
nt v im (5 im).
5. ng nh hng hay mt nh hng cho 8 thnh phn ca lc thnh phn trn n
v chiu di cu tt c cc phn t tm trong ECS.
Ti trng xe ti:
Xe ti chnh l cc hot ti tc dng di ng trn ln xe, c hai loi xe n l xe tiu chun
c a vo th vin xe ca chng trnh v xe do ngi dng t nh ngha.
Hng tc dng: Tt c cc loi xe u tc dng ln kt cu bng trng lng theo
hng Z.
S tc dng ca xe: Mi xe n bao gm cc lc tp trung v cc on lc phn
b. Cc lc ny tc dng dc theo ng tim ca ln xe. Mi lc s c ly gi tr t 0
n tr s ln nht (tr s c nh ngha) sao cho lm tng s bt li i vi i lng
tnh ton. Do vy gi tr max lun dng v gi tr min s lun m.
62

Cu to xe n tng qut: Xe bao gm n trc vi cc khong cch gia chng
c chn ty . Gia 2 trc xe k nhau, trc trc th nht v sau trc cui cng c th
c cc lc phn b u. Khong cch gia mt i trc bt k trong s cc i trc c th
thay i trong mt phm vi yu cu. Ngoi ra cn c cc lc tp trung ng c v tr c
lp vi n trc chnh to ra s bt li. Do s tc dng ca xe lun lun lm tng s bt
li, nn s tc dng ca xe di hn s bao hm ccs xe ngn c cu to ging vi mt phn
ca xe di.
Ch : h s ng hay cn gi l h s xung kch IM (Dynamic Load Allowance) cn phi

c ch trong qu trnh nhp s liu, l phn trm thm vo tc ng ca cc trc xe,
cc ti trng ln (lc phn b) khng b nh hng bi IM. V d: Nu IM=25, tt c cc
ti trng trc xe c nhn thm 1.25
Theo tiu chun Vit Nam 22TCN18-79 cn c cc on ti trng:
H10-X60, ngi i b 300Kg/m2
H13-X60, ngi i b 300Kg/m2
H30-XB80, ngi i b 300Kg/m2
Nhm xe: trong qu trnh thit k, thng quan tm n gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht do
nhiu loi xe gy ra. V vy, nhm xe (Vehicle Class) c nh ngha bao gm nhiu xe
n c th cng tc dng trn mt ln to ra gi tr tnh ton bt li nht. Cn ch gi
tr ni lc hay chuyn v bt li nht di tc dng ca nhm xe l do ch mt xe bt li
63

nht trong nhm gy ra. Nu ch quan tm n tc dng ca mt xe n th c th nh
ngha nhm xe ch c mt xe . Trong tnh ton, do tng xe n c th bt li nht i
vi mt mt ct hay mt thnh phn ni lc no nhng cha chc bt li vi cc mt
ct hay thnh phn ni lc khc, v th nn s dng nhm xe khi cc xe cng chy trn
mt ln.
Trng hp ti trng di ng:
Cng vic cui cng trong bi ton cu l xp cc nhm xe ln cc ln xe nh ngha
to ra cc trng hp ti trng di ng. Mi trng hp ti trng di ng bao gm mt tp
cc php gn. Mi php gn ch ra nhm xe c xp ln cc ln xe nh th no, yu cu
cc s liu sau:
+ Tn mt nhm xe c xp: class
+ H s t l p dng cho nhm xe: sf (mc nh sf=1)
+ Danh sch cc ln xe: lanes (mc nh l tt c)
+ S ln nh nht, v ln nht m nhm xe cn xp ln cc ln: lmin (mc nh
lmin=0), lmax (mc nh lmax= tng s ln).
+ Cc h s ln xe: rf1, rf2...
Khi tnh ton, chng trnh s tm cc php gn tt c cc hon v cc nhm xe xp ln
cc ln vi iu kin l mi ln tnh mt ln ch chu ti a mt nhm xe. Kt qu tnh
ton l cc gin tr bt li nht (ln nht v nh nht) s c tm ra mt hon v no .
thng thng hon v tao ra gi tr bt li nht khng gin nhau vi nhng thnh phn tnh
ton khc nhau.
MIDAS/Civil h tr m hnh ha cc ti trng di ng theo cc tiu chun k thut.
Tiu chun
AASHTO Standard
Cc on xe tiu chun
H15-44, HS15-44, H15-44L,
HS15-44L, H20-44, HS20-44,
H20-44L, HS20-44L, AML
AASHTO LRFD
H15-44, HS15-44, H15-44L,

HS15-44L H20-44, HS20-44,
H20-44L, HS20-44L, AML
Caltrans Standard
P5, P7, P9, P11, P13
KS Standard Load
DB-24, DB-18, DB-13.5, DL-24,
(Specification for Roadway
DL-18,
Bridges)
DL-13.5
64

KS Standard Train Loads
L-25, L-22, L-18, L-15,S-25, S-22,

S-18, S-15, EL-25, EL-22, EL-18
& HL
t ti trc tip theo ngi dng nh ngha hoc ly t C s d liu ca chng

trnh
a.3. Ti trng ng (Dynamic Loads): Dng thc hin phn tch ph phn lc hoc
phn tch theo thi gian.
Response Spectrum Function: Hm ph phn lc.
Ground Acceleration: ng t
Dynamic Nodal Loads: Ti trng nt ng
Time Varying Static Loads: Ti trng khng n nh theo thi gian
b. H s ti trng
Trong tnh ton ngi ta phi xt n tc dng ca nhiu ti trng mt lc do phi xt
n cc t hp ti trng tng ng vi cc ti trng c h s ti trng ring. H s ti
trng c th ln hn1 hay nh hn 1 ty thuc ti trng gy ra nguy him cho cng
trnh hay khng.
65

2.7 M hnh ha t hp ti trng.
Trong thc t phn tch ni lc ca kt cu, thng xuyn gp phi yu cu vic tm cc v
tr chu lc bt li nht gy ra bi mt hay nhiu t hp ti trng no . Ni lc trng
ng vi t hp cc ti trng ny l c s s dng trong thit k.
Trng hp ti trng: L tp hp cc lc ti trng tc dng ln kt cu trong mt phng
n t ti trng. Cc phng n ti xc nh theo s lm vic ca kt cu, trong mt s
trng hp ti c th c nhiu ti trng tham gia lm vic. V d: Ti trng do trng lng
bn thn (tnh ti), ti trng ng, ti trng gi, ti trng xe chy...
T hp ti trng: L s kt hp cc trng hp ti trng c th xy ra ng thi. t hp ti
trng nhm tm ra mt t hp ni lc nghuy him nht ti mt v tr no trong kt cu.
Nu kt cu c phn tch trong min n hi c th s dng nguyn l cng tc dng th
t hp ti trng cng chnh l t hp ni lc. Ty theo phng php t hp ti m ta s thu
c cc kt qu khc nhau.
T hp ti trng c p dng tm biu bao ni lc. Khi tin hnh cc t hp acanf
ch n iu kin xy ra ng thi ca cc trng hp ti, trnh nhm ln cng chng
nhiu ti trng ln cng mt v tr.
T hp ti trng ph thuc vo cc tiu chun k thut v theo yu cu ca ngi dng,
khai bo t hp ti trng chn
Results > Combinations.
Bc t hp ti trng ch c thc hin khi nh ngha cc trng hp ti, nhng n

cng c th khai bo trc khi cc d liu ti trn cho tng trng hp c khai bo.
Midas/Civil c 4 phng php t hp ti trng c nhp trong phn Type l Add,
Envelope, ABS, SRSS:
- Phng php cng tc dng Add:
66

Kt qu ni lc ca tt c cc trng hp ti oc nhn vi h s ca chng v cng i
s li vi nhau. Kiu t hp ny thng p dng cho ti trng tnh.
T hp tuyn tnh:
L1 + L2 +... + M1 + M2 +... + S1 + S2 +...+ (R1 + R2 +...) + T + LCB1 + LCB2 +... +
ENV1 + ENV2 +...
- Phng php biu bo Envelope:
Ni lc ti cc mt ct tng phn on phn t v phn lc nt ti hai u c tnh bng
gi tr ln nht (max) v nh nht (min) ca mt trong s tt c cc trng hp ti trong t
hp vi h s nhn ca n. Gi tr ln nht v nh nht vn c th mang du dng hoc
m. Kiu t hp ny c th p dng cho cc loi ti trng tnh, ti trng di ng, khi cn
tm cc gi tr ni lc nguy him (Max v min). Phm vi p dng cho cc phn t thanh.
CBmax: Max (L1, L2,..., M1, M2,..., S1, S2,...,R1, R2,..., T, LCB1, LCB2,..., ENV1,
ENV2,...)
CBmin: Min (L1, L2,..., M1, M2,..., S1, S2,...,R1, R2,..., T, LCB1, LCB2,..., ENV1,
ENV2,...)
CBall: Max (|L1|, |L2|,..., |M1|, |M2|,..., |S1|, |S2|,..., |R1|, |R2|,..., |T|, |LCB1|, |LCB2|,...,
|ENV1|, |ENV2|,...)
- Phng php tr tuyt i ABS:
Gi tr tuyt i ca kt qu phn tch tng trng hp ti c cng li vi nhau, cc gi
tr dng v m s c t ng tnh.
|L1| + |L2| +... + |M1| + |M2| +... + |S1| + |S2| +...+ (|R1| + |R2| +...) + |T| + |LCB1| +
|LCB2| +... + |ENV1| + |ENV2| +...
- Phng php bnh phng cc tiu SRSS:
Gi tr ca t hp l cn bc hai ca tng cc bnh phng ca cc trng hp ti, lai t
hp ny s cho 2 gi tr dng v m i vi mi phn n phn t hay ti cc nt.
[L1 2 + L22 +... + M12 + M22 +... + S1 2 + S2 2 +...+(R1 2 + R22 +...) + T2 + LCB1 2 + LCB22
+... + ENV12 + ENV2 2 +...]

Gii thch cc k hiu:
L: Tnh ti h s
M: Ti trng di ng h s
S: Ti trng gi ln h s
R: Kt qu phn tch ng ph phn ng h s
T: Kt qu phn tch lch s thi gian h s
67

LCB: Kt qu phn tch t hp ti trng xc nh trc h s
ENV: Kt qu phn tch iu kin bao xc nh trc h s
3. Phn tch kt cu v nh gi kt qu
Trnh t ca bi ton phn tch kt cu
Phn tch tnh

Phn tch ti trng di ng
Phn tch tnh ti
Thit k, nh ngha kt cu theo tiu chun
Phn tch ng
Phn tch tr ring
Phn tch ng t
Phn tch gi
Dng m hnh phn tch. iu kin bin

nh ngha hnh hc ban u
Phn tch cc giai on thi cng
Phn tch tnh
Phn tch ng
Phn tch n nh
nh ngha cc giai on thi cng
Phn tch ti trng di ng
Phn tch ng t
Kim tra li thay
nh ngha ti trng thi cng
(Phn tch ng nh hng)
Phn tch ti trng gi
th cp
Thc hin phn tch cc giai
Phn tch ti trng khng i
(Phn tch tr ring)
Phn tch tr ring
on thi cng
(Nhit , Gi ln & Dung sai
Kim tra gi trong
cho mt n nh ca
(Phn tch cc qu trnh tho d)
Ch to / xy lp)
ng hm
dm & ct
Kt qu l cc thnh phn ni lc, chuyn v & phn lc
Cc bc phn tch kt cu cu
Bc 1: Xy dng s tnh
- La chn n v tnh ton
- M hnh ha hnh hc
- Vt liu
- Mt ct ca cc phn t
- iu kin bin
Bc 2: Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng tnh
Bc 3: nh ngha cc ln xe - lane
Bc 4: nh ngha cc loi hot ti xe - vehicle
Bc 5: nh ngha cc nhm hot ti xe vehicle class
Bc 6: nh ngha cc trng hp hot ti xe chy moving load case
Bc 7: T hp ti trng
68

Bc 8: Ch nh cc p ng cn tnh ton
Bc 9: Chy chng trnh
Bc 10: Xem v nh gi kt qu tnh
3.1 Phn tch tnh
Vic phn tch tnh hc ca mt kt cu chnh l vic gii h cc phng trnh sau:
[K][U]=[R]
trong
[K]: Ma trn cng
[U]: Ma trn chuyn v
[R]: Ma trn ti trng tnh tc dng ti nt
Vy kt qu ca phn tch tnh s cho ta ni lc v chuyn v ca kt cu.
3.2 Phn tch ng
- Phn tch dao ng t do ca kt cu (Tm chu k dao ng ring)
- Phn tch theo ph ng t.
- Phn tch ti trng tc dng theo lch s thi gian.
3.3 Phn tch phi tuyn
ng dng trong phn tch kt cu h dy: Cu treo dy vng, dy vng...
3.4 Phn tch P-Delta
i vi nhiu kt cu m cc thanh c mnh ln, khi chu lc nn hay un nn, tng
thanh s xut hin hiu ng un dc (hiu ng P-Delta) lm tng thm vng ca thanh.
c bit n c th gy ra hin tng mt n nh cc b trong thanh hoc mt n nh
tng th cho kt cu. Phn tch P-Delta nhm tm ra lc nn ti hn ca kt cu.
3.5 Phn tch cc giai on thi cng
MIDAS/Civil cho php chng ta ch r nhng giai on thi cng v s hp thnh ca
chng mt cch chi tit bng s lp ghp cc trnh t ca vic thi cng.
Chc nng m hnh cc giai on thi cng
MIDAS/Civil chia cc giai on thnh 3 loi: Base Stage, Construction Stage v Postconstruction Stage. ngha ca chng nh sau:
Base Stage
y l phn tch mc nh ca chng trnh trong trng hp cc giai on thi cng
khng c nh ngha. Nu cc giai on thi cng c nh ngha y (nhm kt cu,
69

nhm iu kin bin v nhm ti trng) th chng trnh s khng phn tch giai on
Base Stage.
Construction Stage
Cc giai on thi cng thc t thi cng do ngi dng nh ngha.
Post construction Stage
Giai on cui cng ca cc giai on thi cng, rt quan trng trong vic phn tch v mi
trng, ti trng di ng...
Cc giai on thi cng (Construction Stages) gm c cc nhm kt cu, cc nhm iu
kin bin v cc nhm ti trng c kch hot hoc khng kch hot theo la chn ca
ngi s dng.
3.5.1 Cch thit lp cc giai on thi cng
nh ngha cc giai on thi cng trong Midas/Civil ta lm theo cch sau:
1. Chun b kt cu c m hnh ha. Prepare a structural model except for the
boundary and load conditions.
2. nh ngha nhm kt cu (Structure Groups) trong
Model>Group>Define
Structure Group, sau gn cc phn t, nt cho tng nhm kt cu

3. nh ngha nhm iu kin bin (Boundary Groups) trong
Model>Group>Define
Boundary Group.
4. nh ngha nhm ti trng (Load Groups) trong
Model>Group>Define Load
Group.
5. Xy dng cc giai on thi cng (Construction Stages) bng cch chn
trong
Load>Construction Stage Analysis Data>Define Construction Stage.
6. Ch r khong thi gian thi cng (Duration), thi gian cc bc tnh ton.
70
7. T Group List ca th Element, chn cc nhm phn t thm vo hoc loi b trong
cc giai on thng qua kch hot v khng kch hot. Age l ngy m nhm phn t c
kch hot
8. T Group List ca th Boundary, chn cc nhm iu kin bin thm vo hoc loi b
trong cc giai on thng qua kch hot v khng kch hot.
9. T Group List ca th Load, chn cc nhm ti trng thm vo hoc loi b trong cc
giai on thng qua kch hot v khng kch hot. Active Day v Inactive Day l s ngy
m ti trng tc dng hoc d b tng nhm ti trng.
10. Lm nh trn mt giai on thi cng c to ra.
3.5.2 c tnh ca vt liu ph thuc thi gian
nh ngha vt liu ph thuc thi gian ca b tng ta tin hnh theo cc th tc sau:
1. nh ngha thuc tnh co ngt t bin ca b tng, trong
Model>Properties>Time
Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage). MIDAS/Civil c sn cc tiu chun ACI v

CEB-FIP cho vic nh ngha thuc tnh co ngt t bin ca b tng, cho php ngi dng
nhp trc tip v kim tra d liu.
2. nh ngha tnh cht c bn ca vt liu chu nn:
Model>Properties>Time
Dependent Material (Comp. Strength).

Ngi dng c th nhp theo cc tiu chun c sn.
3. Lin kt ca vt liu ph thuc thi gian ti cc vt liu lin quan c nh ngha.
Model>Properties>Time Dependent Material Link.
71

Khi 2 loi vt liu c lin kt thuc tnh vt liu ph thuc thi gian s c s dng
cho phn tch cc giai on thi cng, cn vt liu thng s c dng cho cc phn tch
chung.
3.5.3 Ti trng d ng lc.
MIDAS/Civil cho php phn tch hiu ng ng sut trc ca cp d ng lc s dng
trong kt cu. N cn tnh ton trc tip c s mt mt ng sut do nhiu nguyn nhn
nh ma st gia cp v v, tt neo, s co ngn n hi, do co ngt t bin ca b tng v
s chng ng sut ca cp d ng lc trong cc giai on thi cng v giai on s dng.
Di y l cch nhp ng sut trc cho kt cu
1. Khai bo thuc tnh ca cp d ng lc trong
Model>Properties>Material.
MIDAS/Civil khng tnh ton cp d ng lc ging nh mt phn t.

2. Nhp cc thng s cho cp d ng lc nh: din tch mt ct, h s trng ng sut,
ng knh ng ghen, cng cp... trong
Load>Prestress Loads >Tendon
Property.
3. Khi bo hnh hc cho cp
Load>Prestress Loads>Tendon Profile.
Midas/Civil h tr nhp cp d ng lc bng cch b tr cp trong kt cu theo h trc ta
cp, thng qua cc im xc nh trn cp c nhp vo theo 2 mt phng xy v xz.
Cc im ny c th nm trn ng cong hoc ng thng v c gii hn bi cc
phn t.
4. Khai bo qu trnh cng cp:
Load>Prestress Loads>Tendon Prestress Loads.
Ti trng d ng lc. C th lc cng v phng php cng ko c gii thiu trong

chng 4.
3.5.4 Tnh ton mt mt ng sut.
MIDAS/Civil da theo s mt mt sc ko sau phn tch ng sut trc ca
kt cu b tng.
Mt mt xy ra ngay sau khi cng cp (Mt mt ngn hn)
1. Mt mt do tt neo.
2. Mt mt do ma st gia cp d ng lc v ng cp
3. Do co ngt, t bin, co ngn n hi ca b tng.
Mt mt di hn trong giai on s dng
1. T bin ca b tng.
72

2. Co ngt.
3. Mt mt do t trng ca cp d ng lc.
3.5.5 Tnh ton co ngt t bin.
MIDAS/Civil cho php chng ta xc nh c h s t bin hoc co ngt c tnh bi
cc hm gii thiu trong CEB-FIP, ACI... hoc chng ta c th xc nh trc tip cc gi
tr t cc th nghim. D liu thuc tnh do ngi dng nh ngha c th nhp vo qua cc
mu nhp h s t bin, hm t bin hoc c trng t bin.
-
Cch tnh ton t bin trong Midas
S pht trin cng chu nn ca b tng
3.6 Xem v nh gi kt qu
Vic nh gi kt qu ca cc chng trnh phn tch kt cu cu i hi ngi k s phi
thc s am hiu v kt cu cu v qu trnh m hnh ha kt cu. V chng trnh tnh ch
l cng c phc v cho vic tnh ton. Kt qu phn tch ng hay sai ph thuc s liu
u vo trong qu trnh m hnh ha.
Kt qu ni lc ca phn t thanh dm c th l phn lc nt 2 u phn t hoc ni lc,
hai kt qu ny v c bn l khc nhau. s dng cho cc mc ch tnh ton thit k
ngi ta thng dng ni lc.
Phn lc nt: L thnh phn phn lc lin kt tc dng ln 2 u ca phn t.
Ni lc: L thnh phn ng lc bn trong phn t ti tng mt ct. Tng qut cho thanh
dm trong khng gian ti mt mt ct ca phn t c 6 thnh phn ni lc k kiu nh
sau:
Fx: Lc dc
Fy: Lc ct trong mt phng XY
Fz: Lc ct trong mt phng XZ
Mx: M men xon
My: M men un trong mt phng XZ
Mz: M men un trong mt phng XY
Qui c du ca cc thnh phn ni lc:
Lc dc: Dng khi phn t chu ko c chiu hng ra ngoi mt ct.
M men xon: Dng khi quay ngc chiu kim ng h nhn t ngoi vo mt
ct.
Lc ct: Dng theo chiu qua ca lc dc mt gc 90o ngc chiu kim ng h
trong mt phng ang xt.
73

Qui c v biu m men: V theo th chu ko hoc v theo th chu nn (mc nh v
theo th chu ko). Ngi dng c th t thng s ny.
ng nh hng:
Sau khi nh ngha cc ln v chy chng trnh, cc ng nh hng sau s c tnh
ton ng vi mi ln xe:
+ Ni lc ti cc im tnh ton ca cc phn t Frame
+ Chuyn v nt
+ Phn lc
+ Lc n hi ti cc gi n hi
ng bao ni lc: ng bao l mt t hp cc kt qu ca cc trng hp ti trng
tnh, trng hp ti trng di ng, cc trng hp ti trng ng v cc ng bao khc.
Mi ng bao to ra mt cp gi tr: Mt ln nht v mt nh nht, hai gi tr c th
bng nhau ty thuc vo loi ng bao.
C 4 loi ng bao:
+ Kiu cng: Gi tr max, min ca ng bao l t hp tuyn tnh cc gi tr max, min
tng ng ca cc trng hp ti trng.
+ Kiu tr tuyt i: Gi tr max ca ng bao bng cn bc hai ca tng cc bnh
phng gi tr tuyt i ln hn trong hai gi tr max v min ca tng trng hp ti
trng, gi tr min ca ng bao bng max.
+ Kiu bao: Gi tr max, min ca ng bao l gi tr ln nht, nh nht ca cc gi tr
max, min tng ng ca cc trng hp ti trng. y l kiu ong bao thng dng.
Kt qu phn tch cn c: ng sut, chuyn v, dao ng ring...
74
Chng 4: Tnh bi ton cu b tng d ng lc thi cng theo

phng php c hng cn bng
1. Gii thiu bi ton

Bi ton v d c m hnh ha theo bn v cu Ci Mn bc qua sng Vm C Ty
thuc x Vnh Thun huyn Vnh Hng tnh Long An, trn tuyn ng Vnh Hng Tn
Hng.
S tnh:
64
4.3
11
152
Don vi: m
Vt liu:
Dm: B tng ct thp mc 500
Tr: B tng ct thp mc 400
Cp d ng lc.
Mt ct:
Gm cc mt ct K0 gn tr, K9 gn gi, mt ct gi tr, mt ct tr, cc mt ct khc l
mt ct thay i. Dm c cu to l dm hp, tr l tr c.
Ti trng:
-
Ti trng bn thn.
Ti trng gi ln
Ti trng xe c
Ti trng d ng lc
Ti trng nhit
Ti trng di ng
2. Chun b s liu
t tn phn t, nt:
- Nt:
Na tri: 1000 1031
75

Na phi: 2000 2031
Tr P1: 3000 3006
Tr P1: 4000 4006
-Phn t:
Na tri: 1001 1031
Na phi: 2001 2031
Tr P1: 3001 3006
Tr P2: 4001 4006
iu kin bin: Gm cc gi nh hnh v, ring phn c trn gio ti 2 gi iu kin
bin cn c m hnh nh sau:
Cc nhm kt cu:
Nhm 1: Tr P1, P2
Nhm 2: on dm c trn gio ti tr P1 v P2, on dm ti 2 m trn gio.
Nhm 3: on dm c hng K1 trn tr P1 v P2.
....
Nhm 10: on dm c hng K8 trn tr P1 v P2.
Nhm 11: on dm hp long nhp bn tri.
Nhm 12: on dm hp long nhp bn phi.
Nhm 13: on dm hp long gia cu.
3. Nhp s liu
3.1 Pht sinh phn t nt
-
t tn nt v tn phn t khi u. Vic t ny ht sc quan trng v gip chng ta
d ging qun l v nhp liu hn.

76

Model > Nodes > Start Number
Chia kt cu thnh nhiu phn t, nn chia theo cc giai on thi cng. Vi cu ny ta
c th chia nh sau:
Nhp tri: 2x0.5+6x2+3.5+8x3+2+1.5
Nhp gia: 1.5+2+8x3+3.5+2+3.5+8x3+2+1.5
Nhp phi: 1.5+2+8x3+3.5+6x2+2x0.5
Tr: 5x(-2)+(-1)
Ta nt u tin ca tr l (44,0,-4.3)
- To nt u tin nhp bn tri ti gc ta (0,0,0).

Model > Nodes > Create Nodes
Coordinate (x, y, z) ( 0, 0, 0 )
- Dng Extrude to cc phn t thanh theo 1 ng thng.

Model > Elements > Extrude
Extrude Type>Node Line Element
Element Type>Beam ; Material>1: M500
Section>2: MCK0 ; Generation Type>Translate
Translation>Unequal Distance ; Axis>x
Distances ( 2@0.5, 6@2, 3.5, 8@3, 2, 2@1.5, 4, 2, 8@3, 3.5, 1 )
77
S dng phng thc i xng m hnh ha phn cn li:

Mode>Copy ; Reflection>y-z plane x : (152)
Reverse Element Local (on)
Lm tng t vi tr ta c kt qu m hnh kt cu:
3.2 nh ngha mt ct v gn mt ct
-
Da vo bn v nh ngha cc loi mt ct ngang c trong kt cu. nh ngha cc
mt ct chn:
Model > Properties > Section. Chn Add thm cc mt ct v khai bo theo
hng dn.
Mt ct tr:
Chn th DB/User
Name (MCTru)
Section Shape>Solid Track ; User>H (3), B(5)
78
Cch nh ngha mt ct cho nhp chnh:

Mt ct K0 (gn tr)
Chn th PSC
Name (MCK0)
Section Type>1 Cell
Joint On/Off>JO2 (on), JI2 (on), JI4 (on)
Offset>Center-Top
Outer
HO1 (0.25) ; HO2 (0.313) ; HO2-2 (0) ; HO3 (3.237)
BO1 (1.85) ; BO1-2 (1) ; BO2 (0) ; BO3 (2.5)
Inner
HI1 (0.25) ; HI2 (0.313) ; HI2-2 (0); HI3 (2.137)
HI4 (0.3) ; HI4-2 (0); HI5 (0.8)
BI1 (2) ; BI1-2 (1)
BI3 (2) ; BI3-2 (1.7)
79
Mt ct K9 (Gn m)
Chn th PSC
Name (MCK9)
Section Type>1 Cell
Joint On/Off>JO2 (on), JI2 (on), JI4 (on)
Offset>Center-Top
Outer
HO1 (0.25) ; HO2 (0.313) ; HO2-2 (0) ; HO3 (1.437)
BO1 (1.85) ; BO1-2 (1) ; BO2 (0) ; BO3 (2.5)
Inner
HI1 (0.25) ; HI2 (0.313) ; HI2-2 (0); HI3 (0.887)
HI4 (0.3) ; HI4-2 (0); HI5 (0.25)
BI1 (2) ; BI1-2 (1)
BI3 (2) ; BI3-2 (1.7)
80
Khai bo cc mt ct thay i: Span1st, Span2st, Span2nd, Span3st

Chn th Tapered
Name (Span1st); Section Type>PSC-1 Cell; Size-I> (MCK9); Size-J> (MCK0);
y Axis Variation>Linear ; z Axis Variation>Linear; Offset>Center-Top
Name (Span2st ); Section Type>PSC-1 Cell; Size-I> (MCK0); Size-J> (MCK9)
Name (Span2nd ); Section Type>PSC-1 Cell; Size-I> (MCK9); Size-J> (MCK0)
Name (Span3st); Section Type>PSC-1 Cell; Size-I> (MCK0); Size-J> (MCK9)
81
Khi c cc mt ct ta tin hnh gn mt ct cho kt cu. Rt n gin v Midas/Civil h

tr chc nng ko th. Chn cc phn t cn gn mt ct, dng chut ko mt ct cn gn
vo vng Model View.
Sau khi gn ht cc mt ct ta chn

Model > Properties > Tapered Section Group hiu chnh li mt ct thay i,
nguyn nhn hiu chnh l do mt ct thay i cha bit khai bo im bt u v im
kt thc.
82
Nhp thng s danh sch phn t (Gm nhng phn t no), mt ct thay i theo ng
gp khc hay ng cong. Nhp xong chn Add. Sau khi nhp chn
View > Remove
Hidden Lines ta s kim tra c hnh dng phi cnh ca kt cu:
83
3.3 nh ngha vt liu

nh ngha cc loi vt liu ta chn:
Model > Properties > Material Chn Add
thm cc loi vt liu, khai bo theo hng dn.

C th s dng nhng vt liu c sn trong chng trnh theo cc qui trnh nh AASHTO
hoc t nh ngha mt kiu vt liu bng cch nhp vo cc thng s.
Name> M400; Type>User Defined; Modulus of Elasticity (2.944e7); Thermal Coefficient (1.08e-5);
Poissons Ratio (0.2)
Name> M500; Type>User Defined; Modulus of Elasticity (3.1799e7); Thermal Coefficient (1.08e-5);
Name> Tendon; Type>User Defined; Modulus of Elasticity (1.9500); Thermal Coefficient (1.08e-5);
V d b tng tr M400 v cp d ng lc nh ngha theo ngi dng.
Sau khi c cc loi vt liu tng t nh i vi mt ct ta gn vt liu bng cch ko

v th.
3.4 iu kin bin
-
vic tnh ton c chnh xc ta nh ngha cc nhm iu kin bin:
84

Model > Group > Define Boundary Group.
Cc nhm gm:
BG1: Tr
BG2: Trn tr
BG3: M
BG4: gio
Ti tr lin kt vi dm bng lin kt n hi (Elastic Link), ti m cng lin kt vi
cc gi bng lin kt n hi. Trong qu trnh c dm, on u m c c trn

gio sau mi hp long vi dm c hng. V gio cng c lin kt vi gi c
nh bng lin kt n hi.
Gn iu kin bin:
85

Chn
Model > Boundaries > Supports
- Chn nhm iu kin bin.

- Chn nt cn gn iu kin bin.
- Ti tr l lin kt ngm ta chn D-all v RAll. Thuc nhm iu kin bin BG1.
- Ti m l nhm BG3, gi di ng.
-Ti gio pha m l nhm BG4, gi c
nh.
-Ti ni lin kt tr v dm l BG2.
Sau mi ln chn ta nhn Apply.
3.5 Chia cc giai on thi cng

Da theo qu trnh thi cng trong thc t ta chia kt cu thnh cc giai on thi cng:
CS1: Thi cng tr P1, P2
CS2: c t K0 ti tr P1 v P2 trn gio, c dm ti 2 m trn gio.
CS3: c t K1 trn tr P1, P2
....
CS10: c t K8 trn tr P1, P2
CS11: Hp long nhp bn tri
CS12: Hp long nhp bn phi
CS13: Hp long nhp bn gia
CS14: Tnh ti giai on II v khai thc 30 nm (Co ngt T bin)
86
nh ngha nhm cc giai on thi cng chn:

Model > Group > Define Structure Group
trn chng ta mi ch nh ngha cc giai on thi cng, cha bit qu trnh thi cng
din ra nh th no? V th ta cn tin hnh gn kt cu cho cc giai on thi cng. Gn
kt cu cho cc nhm ti trng bng cch chn nhm nt v phn t cng mt nhm bng
cng c Selection, ko v th giai on thi cng cn gn Tree Menu ti ca s Model.
S lng nt v phn t s c thng bo trong cc giai on thit k.
C th kt hp s dng file MCT nhp nhanh hn.
Khai bo cc giai on thi cng.
Giai on 1: Thi gian 30 ngy
Giai on 2: Thi gian 45 ngy
Giai on 3 => 13: Thi gian 14 ngy
Giai on khai thc 14 : Thi gian 10000 ngy
Load > Construction Stage Analysis Data > Define Construction Stage > Add
87
Nhp tn, thi gian thi cng, bc phn tch, kch hot nhng phn t no, gi no c
kch hot, d b... Nhp cho tt c cc giai on ta c:
88

3.6 Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng, nhm ti trng
Khai bo cc trng hp ti trng gip chng ta d qun l vic nhp ti trng cng nh
d ging s l kt qu tnh ton.
Cc trng hp ti trng gm
- Giai on thi cng: Ti trng bn thn(SW), Ti trng b tng t (WC), Ti trng xe
c (FT), Ti trng DL (PS).
- Giai on khai thc: Tnh ti giai on II (GII), Gi ln (SE), Nhit (GE), Co ngt t
bin (CS).
khai bo chn:
Load > Static Load Cases
Nhp tn ti trng, loi ti trng, v m t.
c th nhp ti trng mt cch chnh xc ta tin hnh nh ngha cc nhm ti trng bao
gm:
PSP1K1 to PSP1K9, PSP2K1 to PSP2K9,: Ti trng d ng lc.
FTP1K1 to FTP1K9, FTP2K1 to FTP2K9: Ti trng xe c tng giai on.
WCP1K1 to WCP1K9, WCP2K1 to WCP2K9: Ti trng b tng t tng giai on.
FSM1, FSM2: t trn gio m 1,2.
PierTableP1, PierTableP2: t K0 trn P1, P2.
89

khai bo chn:
Model > Group > Define Load Group
3.7 Nhp ti trng v xem kt qu

a. Ti trng b tng t v ti trng xe c
Nhp cho tng giai on thi cng. Ti trng b tng t v xe c ch xut hin giai
on CS2 tr i.
Bng s liu:
Ti trng b tng t:
Element
Section (m2)
Length (m)
Volume
Weight
(m3)
(KN)
Moment
101
5.5841
5.6404
16.836609
387.24
580.86
102
5.6404
5.7782
17.1279045
393.94
590.91
103
5.7782
5.9989
17.66568
406.31
609.47
104
5.9989
6.3022
18.4516605
424.39
636.58
105
6.3022
6.6883
19.485846
448.17
672.26
106
6.6883
7.1572
20.7682365
477.67
716.50
107
7.1572
7.7087
22.298832
512.87
769.31
108
7.7087
8.3430
24.077631
553.79
830.68
109
8.3430
9.0601
26.104635
600.41
900.61
110
9.0601
9.5841
27.9661695
643.22
964.83
Ti trng xe c:
90

Weight
(KN)
Moment
800
1100
Chn giai on thi cng, chn nt cn nhp ti trng:
nhp ti trng chn:
Load > Nodal Loads. Chn loi ti trng, nhm ti trng, nt
t ti trng, cc gi tr ca ti trng.
Tin hnh nhp theo tng giai ong v tng nt, tng loi ti trng.
b. Ti trng bn thn.
Chn
Load > Self Weight.
91
Nhp tn ti trng, nhm ti trng. X, Y, Z l h s, v d ti trng bn thn hng xung

di => Z=-1, chn Add.
c. Ti trng nhit v gradient nhit .
Gm 2 loi, nhit bin i u v nhit gradient
Nhit thi cng: Ttc=25 oC
Cao nht khu vc: 47oC
Thp nht khu vc: 5 oC
Chnh nhit (+): T+c=22oC
Chnh nhit (-): T-c=20oC
Gradient nhit
T- T1
T+
T2
T3
0.1m
A=0.3m
Hdam
0.2m
Thng s
T1
+23
-7
T2
+6
-1
92

T3
+3
Khai bo trong Midas/Civil:

-
Nhit bin i u chn:

Load > Temperature Loads > Element Temperatures.
Nhit gradient chn:
Load > Temperature Loads > Beam Section
Temperature
Nhp xong cc ti trng c bn trn chng ta c th tin hnh tnh ton kim tra vic
nhp. tnh ton nhn F5.
Sau khi tnh ton xem biu chn:
Results > Forces > Beam Diagrams
Tin hnh la chn cc kt qu mun th hin ri chn Apply ta c kt qu. V d kt

qu biu moment ca kt cu trong giai on CS5.
93
d. Cp d ng lc
-
Khai bo tn ca phn t cp:

Load > Prestress Loads > Tendon Property >Add.
Thm cc loi b cp theo bng s liu sau.

Cp 25T13
Cp 19T13
ng knh trong 100mm
ng knh trong 90mm
ng knh ngoi 107mm
ng knh ngoi 97mm
H s ma st gia cp v ng:
0.2
0.2
H s ma st cong:
0.001 o/m
0.001 o/m
Tt neo max
6mm
6mm
Lc ko kch cho b cp
3444kN
2618kN
Gii hn bn
1860000
1860000
Gii hn chy
1670000
1670000
Loi ng ghen:
Tendon Name ( 19T23 ) ; Tendon Type>Internal

Material>3: tendon
Total Tendon Area (0.00187549)
Duct Diameter (0.097) ;
Curvature Friction Factor (0.2) ; Wobble Friction Factor (0.001)
Ultimate Strength (1860000) ; Yield Strength (1670000)
Load Type>Post-Tension
Anchorage Slip>Begin (0.006) ; End (0.006)
Tendon Name (25T23 ) ; Tendon Type>Internal
Material>3: tendon
Total Tendon Area (0.00246775)
Duct Diameter (0.107) ;
94

Curvature Friction Factor (0.2) ; Wobble Friction Factor (0.001)
Ultimate Strength (1860000) ; Yield Strength (1670000)
Load Type>Post-Tension
Anchorage Slip>Begin (0.006) ; End (0.006)
-Khai bo hnh hc ca cp
Load > Prestress Loads > Tendon Profile > Add. Da vo bn v nhp d liu hnh
hc ca cp. Cn lu khi nhp s im trn mt phng xz bng s im trn mt phng
xy.
Bng s liu hnh hc cp rt ra t bn v:
Tn
TC1
TC2
4.119
2.56
5.15
6.45
-4.119
-5.15
-6.45
4.119
5.15
6.45
-4.119
-5.15
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
2.56
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
1.94
15
15
15
15
4.119
-0.125
5.15
6.45
-4.119
-5.15
-6.45
4.119
5.15
6.45
-4.119
-5.15
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
15
15
15
15
95

TC3
TC4
TC5
TC6
TC7
TC8
TC9
TC10
-6.45
7.394
8.229
9.45
-7.394
-8.229
-9.45
10.394
11.229
12.45
-10.394
-11.229
-12.45
13.348
15.45
1.94
2.79
2.732
2.56
2.56
2.732
2.79
1.71
1.768
1.94
1.71
1.768
1.94
2.874
2.56
-13.348
-15.45
2.874
2.56
15
16.348
18.45
1.626
1.94
15
-16.348
-18.45
1.626
1.94
15
17.458
18.345
21.45
-17.458
-18.345
-21.45
20.458
21.345
24.45
-20.458
-21.345
-24.45
22.684
23.623
27.45
-22.684
-23.623
-27.45
26.184
27.123
30.95
-26.184
-27.123
3.09
3.024
2.56
3.09
3.024
2.56
1.41
1.476
1.94
1.41
1.476
1.94
3.24
3.166
2.56
3.24
3.166
2.56
1.26
1.334
1.94
1.26
1.334
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
-6.45
7.119
8.15
9.45
-7.119
-8.15
-9.45
10.119
11.15
12.45
-10.119
-11.15
-12.45
13.119
14.15
15.45
-13.119
-14.15
-15.45
16.119
17.15
18.45
-16.119
-17.15
-18.45
19.119
20.15
21.45
-19.119
-20.15
-21.45
22.119
23.15
24.45
-22.119
-23.15
-24.45
25.119
26.15
27.45
-25.119
-26.15
-27.45
28.619
29.65
30.95
-28.619
-29.65
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
96

TC10R
-30.95
25.237
26.176
30.95
-25.237
-26.176
-30.95
1.94
3.39
3.316
2.56
3.39
3.316
2.56
15
15
15
-30.95
28.619
29.65
30.95
-28.619
-29.65
-30.95
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
-0.125
-0.16
-0.25
15
15
15
Nhp cc b cp theo cc trng trn form
Sau khi cng cp ta c th xem chng trnh th hin:
97
Khai bo t hp ti trng d ng lc cho cc giai on thi cng.
Gn ti trng
Load > Prestress Loads > Tendon Prestress
Loads
Nhp theo tng nhm cp DL. Chn cch ko
cp theolc, lc cng l 3444 kN.
Cp 1 cng u cp (Begin), cp 2 cng cui
cp(End).
Cc cp cn li cng c 2 u (Both).
Chn Add khai bo, kt thc chn close.
- Tip theo gn cc ti trng d ng lc vo cc
giai on thi cng (CS)
Gn xong tin hnh tnh ton v chng ta c cc

kt qu
Mt mt ng sut cho tng cp theo cc giai on.
Results > Tendon Time-dependent Loss Graph.
98
Tnh gin di ca cp.

- Kt qu l gin di ca phn t v cp theo tng giai on.
Results > Result Tables > Tendon > Tendon Elongation
Ta cp
Results > Result Tables > Tendon > Tendon Coordinates
99
e. Co ngt t bin.
- Khai bo vt liu cho tnh ton co ngt, t bin
Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Creep/Shrinkage) > Add.
Name (M400) ; Code>CEB-FIP
Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days (35000)
Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40 ~ 99) (70)
Notational size of member (1)
Type of cement>Normal or rapid hardening cement (N, R)
Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage (3)
Name (M500) ; Code>CEB-FIP
Compressive strength of concrete at the age of 28 days (40000)
Relative Humidity of ambient environment (40 ~ 99) (70)
Notational size of member (1)
Type of cement>Normal or rapid hardening cement (N, R)
Age of concrete at the beginning of shrinkage (3)
100

- Khai bo vt liu cho tnh ton s bin i ca modun n hi (Comp. Strength) theo
thi gian.
Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material (Comp. Strength) > Add
Name (M400) ; Type>Code
Development of Strength>Code>CEB-FIP
Concrete Compressive Strength at 28 Days (S28) (35000)
Cement Type(a) (N, R : 0.25)
Name (M500) ; Type>Code

Development of Strength>Code>CEB-FIP
Concrete Compressive Strength at 28 Days (S28) (40000)
Cement Type(a) (N, R : 0.25)
- Lin kt vt liu ph thuc thi gian vi vt liu khai bo cho kt cu.

Model > Properties > Time Dependent Material Link
Time Dependent Material Type
Creep/Shrinkage>M400
Comp. Strength> M400
Select Material for Assign>Materials>
1: Grade M400
Selected Materials
Time Dependent Material Type

Creep/Shrinkage>M500
Comp. Strength> M500
Select Material for Assign>Materials>
1: Grade M500
Selected Materials
101

Chn vt liu tnh co ngt, t bin, vt
liu tnh m un n hi (Comp.
Strength).
Chn vt liu cn lin kt.
Nhn Add.
Nhp xong chn close.
f. Gi ln
- Khai bo cc gi ln:
Load > Settlement Analysis Data > Settlement Group.
Nhp tn gi ln, ln, cc nt b ln (Cc gi).
- Khai bo cc trng hp ti do gi ln.
Load > Settlement Analysis Data > Settlement Load Cases
Thm cc trng hp xy ra gi ln, h s t l. V d trng hp GL3 c gi G2, G1 b
ln.
102

g. Hot ti.
- Chn tiu chun tnh hot ti.
Load > Moving Load Analysis Data > Moving Load Code > AASHTO LRFD
- nh ngha ln xe
Load > Moving Load Analysis Data > Traffic Line Lanes
Chn tn ln, lch tm(Eccentricity) l 2m, hng di chuyn, v tr ln.
- nh ngha xe ti
Load > Moving Load Analysis Data > Vehicles
103

i vi xe 2 trc, 3 trc theo tiu chun AASHTO, chn Add Standard ta ch cn khai bo
tn, chng trnh s ly s liu t c s d liu.
Ring vi cc xe theo tiu chun 22TCN18-1979 nh H30, XB80 ta phi khai bo th

cng, dng chc nng Add User Defined.
- nh ngha nhm xe
Load > Moving Load Analysis Data > Vehicles Classes > Add
nh ngha cc nhm xe cn tnh ton.

nh ngha trng hp xe
Load > Moving Load Analysis Data > Moving Load Cases
104
Sau khi tnh ton ta c th xem cc kt qu ca chng trnh, v d nh ng nh hng

m men giai on khai thc ti nt 1017.
Results > Influence Lines > Beam Forces/Moments.
h. Tnh vng trong thi cng.

Xy dng nhm kt cu cho tnh vng, iu kin bin, hp long.
Model > Group > Define Structure Group
105

Khi chong trnh tnh ton xong chn
Results > FCM Camber > FCM Camber Control
xem biu vng chn

Results > FCM Camber > FCM Camber Graph View
Xem bng kt qu chn

Results > FCM Camber > FCM Camber Table
Ngoi cc kt qu trn chng trnh cn cung cp rt nhiu loi kt qu vi cc nh dng

khc nhau. Vic xut kt qu trong Midas/Civil l ht sc d ging v nhanh chng.
106
PHN III:
KT LUN V KIN NGH
Sau qu trnh thc hin ti: Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong
phn tch kt cu v cu thu c mt s kt qu l ti liu chi tit vi cc ni dung
chnh sau:
- Tng quan v Midas/Civil
- Phng php phn t hu hn v ng dng trong Midas/Civil
- Gii thiu v hng dn s dng chng trnh Midas/Civil
- Hng dn Tnh bi ton cu b tng d ng lc thi cng theo phng php c
hng cn bng s dng chng trnh Midas/Civil.
Thng qua ti liu ny s gip chng ta hiu nhng vn c bn ca qu trnh phn tch
kt cu bng my tnh cng nh phn mm Midas/Civil. Ngoi ra y c th l ti liu
tham kho c ch cho cc bn sinh vin, cc k s ngnh xy dng cu ng trong qu
trnh hc tp v lm vic. Ti liu c trnh by r rng, trc quan vi nhiu hnh nh
minh ha, gip ngi c c th hnh dung v p dng nhanh chng, hiu qu.
m bo tnh thc tin cng hiu qu ca mt ti khoa hc nhm nghin cu a ra
mt s kin ngh:
- Midas/Civil l chng trnh phn tch v tnh ton kt cu s dng phng php PTHH
v vy s dng chng trnh hiu qu cn phi hiu v kt cu, cch m hnh ha kt
cu, phng php PTHH
- Midas/Civil l mt cng c tnh ton mnh, c tin cy cao do tng bc ng dng
vo cng tc phn tch thit k v trong hc tp nghin cu. Trong vic hc tp chng
trnh l mt cng c hu hiu, n cung cp nhng khi nim v phng php tnh c bn
t d dng tip cn vi cc phn mm tnh ton kt cu khc. c bit i vi sinh vin
chuyn nghnh THTKC, chng trnh l mt v d tiu biu cho mn hc M hnh
ha v phng php s ng dng
- Tp trung nghin cu ng dng Midas/Civil cho cc bi ton chuyn dng ring bit.
To lp cc m un h tr nhp liu cho Midas theo tng bi ton c th.
107
TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Phng php Phn t hu hn Nguyn Xun Lu H GTVT 2000
2. Phng php s trong c hc kt cu Nguyn Mnh Yn NXB Khoa hc k
thut 2000
3. Phn tch v thit k kt cu bng phn mm Sap2000 Bi c Vinh NXB
Thng k - 2001
4. Cu b tng ct thp Nguyn Vit Trung NXB Giao thng vn ti - 2001
5. Analysis for Civil Structures MIDASoft, Inc.
6. Getting Started - MIDASoft, Inc.
7. Midas/Civil online Manual - MIDASoft, Inc.
108

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Midas Phan Tich Cau1

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Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

BO CO NGHIN CU KHOA HC SINH VIN

NGHIN CU NG DNG CHNG TRNH MIDAS/CIVIL

Sinh vin thc hin:

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

PHN III: KT LUN V KIN NGH............................................... 107

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Phn tch kt cu ni chung v kt cu cu ni ring trong thit k cng trnh l cng

Phn tch ng.

Phn tch phi tuyn.

Phn tch P-delta.

Phn tch cc giai on thi cng.

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Phng php Phn t hu hn.

Phn tch P-Delta.

Phn tch tnh.

Phn tch ng...

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

PHN II: NI DUNG TI

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Chng 1: Tng quan v Midas/Civil

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Hnh 1.1 Giao din chnh ca Midas/Civil

Cc h thng menu c bn trong Midas/Civil

Hnh 1.2 Menu Model

+ Structure Type: Nhp kiu kt cu v d liu c bn cho phn tch

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Hnh 1.3 Menu kt qu.

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Hnh 1.4 Menu ti trng

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Hnh 1.5 Menu phn tch.

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Chng 2: Phng php Phn t hu hn v ng dng

1. Ni dung c bn ca phng php PTHH.

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

Hnh 2.1 S ri rc ha kt cu theo phng php PTHH.

1.2 Chuyn v nt v lc nt.

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

{F } biu th ly tng i vi tt c cc phn t bao quanh nt i v cha nt i.

Quan h gia cc lc nt v cc chuyn v nt trong mt phn t c th biu din bng

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

[K ] = [B] [D ][B ]dV

v ma trn khi lng phn t:

Bi ton truyn sng

Bi ton cn bng tnh

[D] l ma trn n hi ca kt cu.

r l khi lng ring ca phn t.

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu

2. Cc loi phn t chnh trong Midas/Civil.

2.1. Phn t gin (Truss Element).

L c Hin Bi Vn Sng o Quang Huy Trn Quang Thc THTKC 42

Nghin cu ng dng chng trnh Midas/Civil trong phn tch kt cu v cu