RHCSA Exam Practice Question

Fill the form with your name / address / email Agree with the rules and accept it
* login in runlevel 5 with GUI with root:
- change the root password to "V2nCda10".
- assign the static ip
Ip : 192.168.0.X (X is your station number)
Netmask : 255.255.255.0
Gateway : 192.168.0.1
DNS : 192.168.0.254
- Set the Hostname stationX.example.com
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#echo "V2nCda10" | passwd --stdin root
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
- & do following changes:
BOOTPROTO="static"
IPADDR="192.168.0.X"
NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
Gateway="192.168.0.1"

:wq
root@station1 ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf
search example.com
nameserver 192.168.0.254
:wq

RHCA Requirements with Questions and Solutions

Q.1 Once Your System is installed the distribution is available via YUM:
YUM ftp://instructor.example.com/pub/rhel6/dvd
Ans.
root@station1 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/client.repo
[Client]
name=yum client
baseurl=ftp://instructor.example.com/pub/rhel6/dvd
gpgcheck=0
:wq
root@station1 ~]# yum list all
Q.2 Create the following users, groups, and group membership:
- A group named sysusers.
- A user paula who belongs to sysusers as a secondary group.
- A user susan who belongs to sysusers as a secondary group.
- A user brad who does not have access to an interactive shell & who is not
a member of sysusers group.
- paula, susan and brad should all have the password of password.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#groupadd sysusers
root@station1 ~]#useradd -G sysusers paula
root@station1 ~]#useradd -G sysusers susan
root@station1 ~]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin brad
root@station1 ~]#passwd paula & [ Give password of password for paula ]
root@station1 ~]#passwd susan
& [ Give password of password for susan ]

root@station1 ~]#passwd brad

& [ Give password of password for brad ]

Q.3 create a collaborative directory /shared/sysusers with the following

characteristics:
- Group ownership of /shared/sysusers is sysusers.
- The directory should be readable, writable, and accessible to member of
sysusers, but not to any other user.
(It is understood that root has
access to all files and directories on the system.)
- Files created in /shared/sysusers automatically have group ownership set
to the sysusers group.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#mkdir -p /shared/sysusers
root@station1 ~]#chgrp sysusers /shared/sysusers
root@station1 ~]#chmod 2770 /shared/sysusers
Q.4 Install the appropriate kernel update from
ftp://server1.example.com/pub/updates. The following criteria must be
also be met:
- The updated kernel is the default kernel when the system is rebooted.
- The original kernel remains available and bootable on the system.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#lftp server1.example.com/pub/updates
root@station1 ~]#lftp server1.example.com:/pub/updates> get kernel-<Tab>
root@station1 ~]#lftp server1.example.com:/pub/updates> bye
( Note: Your New Grub file look like below after install the new kernel )
root@station1 ~]#rpm -ivh kernel-<Tab>
root@station1 ~]#vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.32-71.1.1.el6.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-71.1.1.el6.i686 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.32-71.1.1.el6.i686.img
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.32-71.el6.i686)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-71.el6.i686 ro root=LABEL=/ rhgb quiet
initrd /initrd-2.6.32-71.el6.i686.img
Q.5 Set up the default local print queue to forward jobs to the IPP (CUPS) print
queue stationX on instructor.example.com, where X is your station number.
Configure the printer as a "Generic-text-only" print queue.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#system-config-printer
--> Click New Printer
--> Type stationX
--> select ipp ( Internet Printing Protocol )
--> Type Hostname --> instructor.example.com
--> Type printername --> stationX
--> select Generic --> Text Only Printer Type
& than click your stationX under local printer at the left hand-side
after that click make default printer tab at the right hand-side

Q.6 The user andrew must configure a cron job that runs daily at 15:25 local time
and executes
- /bin/echo hello >>/dev/tty1
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#crontab -u paula -e
25 15 * * * /bin/echo hello >>/dev/tty1
root@station1 ~]#service crond restart; chkconfig crond on
Q.7 Configure your machine as LDAP client. LDAP server and LDAP directory tree
information will be given in the exam.
- ldapuserX should be able to log into your system, where X is your station
number, but will not have
a home directory until you have completed the autofs requirement.
- All ldapuser users have a password of password
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#system-config-authentication
--> On the Identity & Authentication tab, select User A/C Configuration
check box, choose LDAP for User A/C
Database
--> Configure LDAP Search Base DN with: dc=example,dc=com
--> Configure LDAP Server with the URI: ldap://instructor.example.com
--> Select Use TLS to encrypt connections and Click Download CA Certificate
--> Enter Certificat URL: http://instructor.example.com/pub/EXAMPLE-CA-CERT
& click ok
--> Enable LDAP under Authentication Configuration & Click Apply button.
root@station1 ~]#getent passwd ldapuserX [ To check client & server mapping ]
* Now check by logging through ldapuserX (Suppose you are sitting at station2
then your user will be ldapuser2)
* the password of ldapuser2 is password
Q.8 Configure autofs to automount the home directories of LDAPUSER users. Note the
following:
- server1.example.com (192.168.0.254) NFS-exports /home/guests for ldapuser,
- ldapuserX's home directory is server1.example.com:/home/guests/ldapuserX,
where X is your station number
- ldapuserX's home directory should be automounted locally beneath
/home/guests as /home/guests/ldapuserX
- home directories must be writable by their users.
- while you are able to log in as any of the user ldapuser1 through
ldapuser20, the only home directory that is
accessible from your system is ldapsuserX
* Example: station2 would configure the automounter such that ldapuser2's home
directory /home/guests/ldapuser2 gets mounted
automatically upon login. The NFS share would be:
- instructor.example.com:/home/guests/ldapuser2.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]# vim /etc/auto.master
/home/guests
/etc/auto.guests
Note: * ( /home/guests which is in your system )
* ( /etc/auto.guests this is new file which we create & we provide the
info. to the client that what is
coming from the LDAP Server. )

root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/auto.guests (or) /etc/auto.misc

*
-fstype=nfs instructor.example.com:/home/guests/ldapuserX
root@station1 ~]#service autofs stop
root@station1 ~]#service autofs start; chkconfig autofs on
* Note: Now check login through your ldapuserX from the terminal & only your
station ldapuser will get the home
directory
Q.9 Copy the file /etc/fstab to /var/tmp. Configure the permissions of
/var/tmp/fstab so that:
- the file /var/tmp/fstab is owned by the root user
- the file /var/tmp/fstab belong to the group root
- the file /var/tmp/fstab should not be execubable by anyone
- the user paula is able to read and write /var/tmp/fstab
- the user susan can neither write nor read /var/tmp/fstab
- all other users (current or future) have the ability to read
/var/tmp/fstab
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#cp -p /etc/fstab /var/tmp
root@station1 ~]#ls -l /var/tmp/fstab
* if required change them
root@station1 ~]#chown root:root /var/tmp/fstab
root@station1 ~]#setfacl -m u:paula:rw- /var/tmp/fstab
root@station1 ~]#setfacl -m u:susan:--- /var/tmp/fstab
Q.10 Configure your system so that it is an NTP client of server1.example.com.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#system-config-date
--> on Date and Time tab
--> select check box Synchronize date and time over the network
* Firstly remove all existing NTP servers entry & after that
--> than click Add button * Type instructor.example.com and,
* click show advanced options
--> select check box Speed up initial Synchronization
--> than click OK button ( NOW your system is configured as a NTP Client )
Q.11 Configure the FTP Server for anonymous Download
Ans.
root@station1 ~]# yum install vsftpd
[ To Install ftp server rpm ]
root@station1 ~]# service vsftpd restart; chkconfig vsftpd on
Q.12 Your system has a new 100MB physical partition mounted under /mnt/new with a
100MB ext4 filesystem. Note: because partition sizes are seldom exactly what is
specified when they are created, anything within the range of 90MB to 110MB is
acceptable.
Q.13 Resize the lvm to 250M /home
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#lvscan
[ HOW TO EXTEND LVM ]
root@station1 ~]#umount /home
root@station1 ~]#lvextend --size 250M /dev/vg1/lv-home
root@station1 ~]#e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv-home
root@station1 ~]#resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv-home
root@station1 ~]#mount /dev/vg1/lv-home /home

root@station1
root@station1
root@station1
root@station1
root@station1

[ HOW TO REDUCE LVM ]

~]#umount /home
~]#e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lv-home
~]#resize2fs /dev/vg1/lv-home 250M
~]#lvreduce --size 250M /dev/vg1/lv-home
~]#mount /dev/vg1/lv-home /home

Q.14 Resize the LVM using the GUI tool by the PE value.
Q.15 Create a swap partition of 756M MB and make it available permanent.
[ Pattern - 1 ]
Ans.
root@station1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vda
command ( m for help ):n
[ To make new partition ]
First Cylinder: <Leave Blank>
Last Cylinder:+756M
command ( m for help ):w

[ To save & exit partition table ]

root@station1 ~]#reboot
[ To active new partition table ]
* After reboot run following command to make swap partition for
permanent: root@station1
root@station1
root@station1
root@station1

~]#mkswap /dev/vdaN
[ Where N is your partiton number ]
~]#swapon /dev/vdaN
[ Where N is your partiton number ]
~]#swapon -s
[ To check new swap partition is active or not ]
~]#vim /etc/fstab
[ To make swap partition for permanent ]
/dev/vdN
swap
swap
default
0 0
:wq
[ To save & exit fstab file ]
[ Pattern - 1 ]
root@station1 ~]#cd /
root@station1 ~]#dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=756M count=1
root@station1 ~]#mkswap swapfile
root@station1 ~]#swapon swapfile
root@station1 ~]#swapon -s
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
[ To make swap partition for permanent ]
/swapfile
swap
swap
default
0 0
:wq
[ To save & exit fstab file ]
Q.16 Configure Internet web server for your domain. Download the index.html from
the server
(IP and location will be specified in the exam) into the default
document root of the server
- Download ftp://instructor.example.com/pub/rhce/station.html
- Rename the downloaded file to index.html
- Copy this index.html file to the DocumentRoot of your web server
- Do NOT make any modifications to the content of index.html
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#yum install httpd -y
root@station1 ~]#cd /var/www/html
root@station1 ~]#lftp instructor.example.com/pub/rhce
root@station1 ~]#lftp instructor.example.com:/pub/rhce> get station.html
root@station1 ~]#lftp instructor.example.com:/pub/rhce> bye
root@station1 ~]#mv station.html index.html
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

* than press shift + g ( to go End of the file )

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.X:80>
ServerAdmin root@stationX.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName stationX.example.com
DirectoryIndex index.html
</VirtualHost>
root@station1 ~]#service httpd restart; chkconfig httpd on
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/hosts
192.168.0.X stationX.example.com
stationX
* than save & exit the file and check the Web Server, open firefox &
type url: stationX.example.com
* NOTE:- When we download the file directly into the default DocumentRoot then
there is no need to change the security context of the index.html file
Q.17 Find a file created by a user susan and copy it into a directory some
directory.
Ans.
root@station1 ~]# find / -user susan -exec cp -rpf {} /root/data/ \; 2> /dev/null
Q.18 Find a string from a file and copy that string in a different file (name and
location will be specified).
Ans.
root@station1 ~]#grep root /etc/passwd --color > /root/Desktop/newfile
NOTE: You will note that some requirements specify that a service should not be
available from the DNS domain
my133t.org (172.24.0.0/255.255.0.0). All system in that domain are in the
192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0 subnet.
Q.1.SELinux must be running in the Enforcing Mode.
Ans.
Simply edit it's configuration file set the enfocing mode infront of SELINUX
directive like that, & to make it permanenet reboot your system.
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux
SELINUX=enforcing
:wq
root@station1 ~]#init 6
Q.2 Enable IP Forwarding on your machine.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#vim /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
:wq
root@station1 ~]#sysctl -w

root@station1 ~]#sysctl -p
Q.3 Configure SSH access as follows
- susan has remote SSH access to your machine from within example.com
- Clients within my133t.org should NOT have access to SSH on your system
Ansroot@station1 ~]#vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
AllowUsers susan root
:wq
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/hosts.deny
sshd:ALL EXCEPT .example.com
:wq
You may use whatever you want
root@station1 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
root@station1 ~]# iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p udp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
root@station1 ~]#chkconfig sshd on ;/etc/init.d/sshd restart
Q.4 Configure POP3 email on your system according to these criteria:
- brad must be able to retrieve email from your machine using POP3 from within
example.com
- Clients within my133t.org domain should not have access to your POP3 service
Ansroot@station1 ~]#yum install dovecot
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf
protocols = imap pop3
:x
root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/dovecot restart;chkconfig dovecot on
root@station1 ~]#iptables -F
root@station1 ~]#iptables -A INPUT ! -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p tcp --dport 22 -j REJECT
root@station1 ~]#iptables -A INPUT ! -s 192.168.0.0/24 -p udp --dport 22 -j REJECT
root@station1 ~]#service iptables save
Q.5 Configure FTP access on your system:
- Clients within the example.com domain should have anonymous FTP access to your
machine.
- Clients outside example.com domain should not have access to your FTP service
Ansroot@station1
root@station1
root@station1
root@station1

~]#yum install vsftpd

~]#getsebool -a |grep ftp
~]#setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access on
~]#vim /etc/hosts.deny
vsftpd,sshd:ALL EXCEPT .example.com
:wq

root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/vsftpd restart;chkconfig vsftpd on

Q.6 share
-

the /shared directory via SMB:

Your SMB server must be a member of the SMBGROUP workgroup
The share name must be shared
The shared share must be available to example.com domain clients only

- The shared share must be browseable

- susan mush have read access to the share, authentication with the same
password password, if necessary.
Ansroot@station1
root@station1
root@station1
root@station1
root@station1

~]# mkdir /shared

~]#chcon -R -t samba_share_t /shared
~]#getsebool -a |grep samba
~]#setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
~]#vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
workgroup = SMBGROUP
interface lo eth0 192.168.0.12/24
host allow 127. 192.168.0.
[shared]
comment = shared
path = /shared
browseable = yes
valid users = susan
:wq

root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/smb restart;chkconfig smb on

root@station1 ~]#smbpasswd -a susan
New SMB password:password
******
Retype new SMB password:password
******
root@station1 ~]#service smb restart
root@station1 ~]#smbclient -L localhost -N
root@station1 ~]#smbclient //192.168.0.12/shared -U susan
Enter susan's password:
Domain=[SMBGROUP] OS=[Unix] Server=[Samba 3.5.4-68.el6]
smb: \>
Q.7
the
(IP
the

Configure Internet web server for your domain. Download the index.html from
server.
and location will be specified in the exam) into the default document root of
server
- Download ftp://instructor.example.com/pub/rhce/station.html
- Rename the downloaded file to index.html^M
- Copy this index.html file to the DocumentRoot of your web server
- Do NOT make any modifications to the content of index.html

Ansroot@station1 ~]#yum install httpd

root@station1 ~]#cd /var/www/html
root@station1 ~]#ftp instructor.example.com
Connected to instructor.example.com (192.168.0.254).
220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2)
Name (instructor.example.com:root): ftp
(here define username ftp)
331 Please specify the password.
(& the ftp user password is ftp)
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd pub/rhce
(switch into rhce directory)
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> get station.html index.html

ftp>bye
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.17:80
(enter your ip address before port 80)
#
#
#
#
#

VirtualHost example:
Almost any Apache directive may go into a VirtualHost container.
The first VirtualHost section is used for requests without a known
server name.

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.17:80>
(again enter your ip address before port 80)
ServerAdmin root@desktop17.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
(Define here your document root)
ServerName desktop17.example.com
(Define here your website name)
DirectoryIndex index.html
(Define here directory index)
</VirtualHost>
:wq
root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd restart;chkconfig httpd on
Q.8 Export your /shared directory via NFS to the example.com domain only:
- You can check your shared directory but shoumount will not allow becuse you
login from local user
- You may check by using /net directory
Ansroot@station1 ~]#vim /etc/exports
/shared
*.example.com(rw,sync)
:wq
root@station1 ~]#chkconfig nfs on
root@station1 ~]#service nfs restart
root@station1 ~]#cd /net/192.168.0.17
root@station1 ~]#ll
total 0
dr-xr-xr-x. 3 root root 0 Jul 28 19:44 shared
Q.9 Configure an email alias for your MTA such that mail sent to acctmgr is
received by the local user paula.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#vim /etc/aliases
acctmgr: paula
:wq
root@station1 ~]#newaliases
Q.10 Configure SMTP mail service according to the following requirements:
- Your mail server should accept mail from remote hosts and localhost
- susan must be able to receive mail from remote hosts
- Mail delivered to susan should spool into the default mail spool for
susan, /var/spool/mail/susan
root@station1 ~]#yum install postfix
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
myhostname = desktop17.example.com
(set your hostname)
mydomain = example.com
(define your domain name)
myorigin = $mydomain
(set myorigin)
inet_interfaces = all
(uncomment this line)
#inet_interfaces = localhost
(comment this line)

#mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost

(comment this line)
#mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost, $mydomain (uncomment
this line)
mynetworks = 192.168.0.0/24, 127.0.0.0/8
:wq
root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/postfix restart;chkconfig postfix on
Q.11 Extend your web server to include a virtual host for the site
http://wwwX.example.com, where X is your station
number, then perform the following steps:
- Set the DocumentRoot to /var/www/virtual
- Download ftp://instructor.example.com/pub/rhce/www.html
- Rename the downloaded file to index.html^M
- Place this index.html in the DocumentRoot of the virtual host
- Do NOT make any modifications to the content of index.html
- Ensure that susan is able to create content in /var/www/virtual
* NOTE: The original web site http://stationX.example.com must still be
accessable, DNS resolution for the hostname
wwwX.example.com is already provided bye NameServer on instructor.example.com.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#mkdir /var/www/virtual
root@station1 ~]#cd /var/www/virtual
root@station1 ~]#ftp instructor.example.com
Connected to instructor.example.com (192.168.0.254).
220 (vsFTPd 2.2.2)
Name (instructor.example.com:root):ftp
(here define username ftp)
331 Please specify the password.
(& the ftp user password is ftp)
Password:
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files.
ftp> cd pub/rhce
(switch into rhce directory)
250 Directory successfully changed.
ftp> get www.html index.html
ftp>bye
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<VirtualHost 192.168.0.17:80>
ServerAdmin root@desktop17.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/virtual
(Define here your document root)
ServerName www17.example.com
(Define here your website name)
DirectoryIndex index.html
(Define here directory index)
</VirtualHost>
:wq
root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd restart;chkconfig httpd on
Q.12 Pass the kernel argument sysctl=1 to the kernel and make sure that the
argument is available across the reboot.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#vim /etc/grub.conf

default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server (2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64.debug)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vol0-root
rd_LVM_LV=vol0/root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM LANG=en_US.UTF-8
SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us crashkernel=auto
sysctl=1
rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-71.el6.x86_64.img
:wq
root@station1 ~]#cat /proc/cmdline
ro root=/dev/mapper/vol0-root rd_LVM_LV=vol0/root rd_NO_LUKS rd_NO_MD rd_NO_DM
LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us
crashkernel=129M@0M sysctl=1 rhgb quiet
Q.13 Create a script that should print foo or bar when user input foo or bar
otherwise show something else.
Ansvim script.sh
#!/bin/bash
F1=$1
if [ $F1 == foo ];then
echo "bar"
elif [ $F1 == bar ];then
echo "foo"
else
echo "Please Type foo or bar"
fi
:wq
root@station1 ~]#sh script.sh foo
bar
root@station1 ~]#sh script.sh bar
foo
root@station1 ~]#sh script.sh data
Please tyep foo or bar
Q.14 Mount a iso file placed at /root permanently to a directory /mnt/data.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#ls -l /root/oracle6i.iso
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 196976640 Jul 28 20:13 /root/oracle6i.iso
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
/root/oracle6i.iso
/mnt/data iso9660 ro,loop 0 0
:wq
root@station1 ~]#mount -a
Q.15 Configure yourself as ISCSI initiator to the ISCSI target
instructor.example.com. Then create a partition of 1200MB and mount it under
/mnt/data1.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#yum install iscsi-initiator-utils

Now discover the target by using following command

root@station1 ~]#iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p instructor.example.com
Starting iscsid:
[ OK ]
192.168.0.254:3260,1 iqn.2008-09.com.example:server.target1
Now login into target by using this command
root@station1 ~]#iscsiadm -m node iqn.2008-09.com.example:server.target1 -l
Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.200809.com.example:server.target1,portal: 192.168.0.5,3260]
Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2008-09.com.example:server.target1, portal:
192.168.0.5,3260] successful.
Now list your target to check it's name, use the following command & create a
partition of 1200MB & mount it on /mnt/data1
root@station1 ~]#fdisk -l
root@station1 ~]#fdisk /dev/sdb
#WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
First cylinder (3648-30401, default 3648):
Using default value 3648
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (3648-30401, default 30401):+1200MB
Command (m for help): w
root@station1 ~]#partprobe /dev/sdb
root@station1 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
root@station1 ~]#mkdir /mnt/data1
root@station1 ~]#blkid /dev/sdb1 >>/etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1: UUID="d8ba87e3-df97-4503-aafd-f922c411969c" TYPE="ext4"
root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/fstab
UUID="d8ba87e3-df97-4503-aafd-f922c411969c"
:wq
root@station1 ~]#mount -a

/mnt/data1

ext4 _netdev 1 2

Q.16 The user paula should not have permission to schedule a cron job.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#vim /etc/cron.deny
paula
:wq
root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/crond restart;chkconfig crond on
Q.17 Extend your website. Create a directory in document root name as secret.
Placed document root in configuration file as
/var/www/html/secret. This web-site should be access on your local host
and should be acces on others.
Ansroot@station1 ~]#mkdir /var/www/html/secret
root@station1 ~]#vim /var/www/html/secret/index.html
local wesite
:wq

root@station1 ~]#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.17:80>
ServerAdmin root@desktop17.example.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/secret
(Define here your document root)
ServerName desktop17.example.com
(Define here your website name)
DirectoryIndex index.html
(Define here directory index)
</VirtualHost>
:wq
root@station1 ~]#/etc/init.d/httpd restart ;chkconfig httpd on
root@station1 ~]#elinks http://desktop17.example.com/secret

BEST OF LUCK