SALT HYDROLYSIS + BUFFERS Tf am of A° Salt Hydrolysis : Prionte dol or BY don ale ; water raul Tn Chu” + Wyo eet Clg Coot OWT oA A . . @® vA Cotioric hydrolyis o WE, then Hak Nat + wo NOR + AF radon —_— fonic kydrolytis ® Satt WA + SBI- cat > @o Clg Coo Na cop (sho electro) = City COOH cp r © CHgtoo” + HO = Cop CH C22 ays + Nat co Km OF cay) k= Kye ke + fami)» eD @ [ere tym . toe si fede THT - Lx Ko o [Kar Ke Ke Ka © CH COOH agp SE Hy + BE cap Ke © Ha0 == HT cop 7 OR cop)COlaldtion @ chew = Chink - gO tep + HP 4 + OWE, te0 e bepm coe _ oh oh } a Le dare of Aol k, = [eens] for] = (OGY [ce coo] ae) Ky = ach if we awe tot bK<) tha % (Y)— ¢ (Apre xtretior) > Ky = ch 2 heli » as (me [ on] ch = “ Ku “gm * [Ra-e So [w]= ke = fe oT ke \ou7] kee ku ec Ka UW lage = [FE fr op for (8D ger cman vlog [#1] = flak “3 log Ke + p46 a = pe * fe tilyc pa of st of WA & stong BaseShad veloy conbribuiom to of” ba cous fo heyeoelyars of CH, co" Na® we ae (H+ Be f ‘s) fpr cele at hc sah te of week acd & shes bere, po wll of tohat cone catt ws Fehon, ik golubor wall abeays be “Basic” 1 Mears part. Hence z+ ete + lye > Ft loge > - 4y 2 2 ° Kye ch™ 2 loo te ho | oo" Th oer) oe Ave wh - 0“ 20 7 (=) Le xp? + baeieTd 2 pug xo” iw, 2 0-88 Th ” lon x Sg xr = on? sp ch 7 to then contyib ution of ie pment on or RT choutel net be comgiclere- 2 cn” ts Barbed bone but net an Arhenins bave- Df ok of HEN is gx? tan fd Ke for cn®. Soln:- CNG) + hoy? BN at Hew) fiz & refered on ven where CN ac as base - Ky > k, of neKhe ke 5 Were ky = Ky open” Ke ie of HEN Ka Ko ic ot Ka ‘Be are "steer constant yusate acd- iv Ga conus a bang pe Ren & con® Cte # Cty cao” Cramples te Lee pa" NeoF a” CJ e Ky of Nat = 5.5 xi? Ke of Nip wr Nua = hExIO® bases Ske arniuas vicbres pines ot, mate thetr abe Le « Lected & fame ky & derived Va Ky = Ke/ke logic)So of Whe we Cll, coo" Ny” a Clie” NF Om “6? 6 ac Ny” wy * io Hee H ay r Nie) br © ~ fem och, e-eh 7 ° . Kw. wr - A= he be (e-c tay Ka- Kp. that (/-4)~) lye ke 3 ig operat A Lief fan_ph form Cig COOK cag) + ff “typ (H*] = CHe CO” Gag * ch c-k eff] = (ene (4° ch ie le = ky te opr mireaion fet (>) Ow) [W}- kn bf ka Ky +] = | Ko- Ke ib fag WTR ong bog lll + alge fly thy yf ily fly rey k only for aut ot [pn = 7 + eet - Fe vA e@ we : eeesolutions i Bop Solutton ¢— « &y: solution which resists charge in pl on flim of smell art of str zak om | 5 + Siralh fn pa ke eaceptable om ain actA or 4+ Ray fretttitned buffers ph range varieton ss of tl units rem bare voter + Sast Boer # bipretic clo rot pollen Har * _Bufering adion t~ case -I cat _Beffor ( se of WA e€ ws on) @ Clk too? nie cic + OT ct CoH Vea in -bso Niet 0 OH NYO Yk, Na* R00,” fow A RM, en ® Heo, 4 HE == tls (Ke Ve Ky = exe Ky =e" at 25°C. Ka, = sat fore Gn 0 fs vrovene. foe FF Heydoolyets (2? ence k= Yigg uve By = Be[Ravirfonac Bueper (ae RRO UTONEE DURES Midi. Buff: + GetA 4 mixing Eeoporhork> amrut ef heck Abid voit eds cw cat nt OLD + ae oe ery 7 fidts - wok atid ated oF its conj eget 12m 2 No ofter fon plch on 8G hago Len? Keal Hen ob Le ne = Hypo, + Nath Pe, Pay [Hofer hide my jo (? + Ch os0° — Clty cool} ka + Choo Co tH ke ° me Kiot— wloolat ft Aviolit Lifer TO emg ad BT Ci CHCOOH cay = CO ey + 8F cay) (i) Chee, + MD yy == CCH Cp F OK cay) (iD LO Ne ay BOP fay ¢ Net caps 0) WD iy = ap + OF cay Ke = [cmeo™ ut) [ Cls.cooH) [H*Tyn = Ka * [esc00 ads [A] jabon = log [7 2 -yk © be (0% coo") ot) Pe = ke + log [enjugete te] io] Hendersen [werk Add) | Haseclbach Tee i epuation 5s applicable only an pH muges £1 writs Por are vilue ( base yobs Fs Phe) -lo< lo ¢ i*] + 4 Lael < #1 & ae OL < leona] < |e fd “wv (wr)it [ojo] = Fo hon pi Pe Ye et tafe condition, ————_+—_o—___ > ot 1 10 ar A solution omtiva =O ming ot Nao %& 4 Ube solitons To Hi we aol 40 mms of oor DD Pir pt befrre & afer Actof dt tine a (Chor) = (8 a ss 84 Ba ges ford era geet PAG Mew bf ch, coo Net famed = ]O rms Cty cme lef = 20 mms (Kuo) = 20 /v Zz pe #4 + ly U6) 2 Gi) on addition of = © mms af teh fr Ape f Gig Com ye CCH 450 lomms Gmms go mms beym joe soe sb” pie «Fe + (a a > ph= $87 Age b- 3 91 [Re A]@) disioel af He © mms of Glo), brcre > FA dpa. owe addrBorek aut = Le mms Cty cooH fe OH Chip 0™ 10 mma 30 mms ]0 sms (ge- 10) (fo-le) (tot lo) 20 [atyem] 4 ae = pH > pte wet bey 3S Cite cook) ph 2&24 ent we WE 2 (2p = oe] Ninf & We? pes = pat ha, ( confugoe ion] [at] Sadt Hye Gar BED Sut G Upcoor ny” H = phe + ke — PL | «4, Lact of oe PAE | Src Lace == c% co + NAYOH Ch too” + NMy* + HO Cos) o o o w @) 0 too ¢ c ce-ch coh ~ ch ch by Ky = CH cot] | nly OH] = Keo [cBeo"] Fnac] Ka . KyKy = (ch) (ch) © [i= A> Kee pl (c-eh)* (4) Kee bax”? oh, anak K,2 to! Aprireting, (J-4) —s { | (capa? K, o = rt Ky = 3xte7™ ly) ( Y tym oh ce-ch fu) ka = ch) #7 2 ka = CA), [#7 ch h (e1l= ke ¢ tae gp ovsimretion (1 ble kek = bd& = & [Be kak [at]= Kats Tebtng ag, © rl plytng cattle CD (phe pee + PB - Be] 2 a By cotutdeue pe fr amo. acelcke cal Salution> Z% wm Wwe vie Bll OL ifr (0) Cabfonie & Antonie degrees 4 fy boats ont do be fame. i) aepa Ob lain de Auphi probe Sal oe Na hog Aolutron () Heo —_—— ut + co,-* Kay = 1" @ heoy 4 Ht = Hee Yea = pot Ke = 3 x 107 * Ke, = Seep! ge ty 50, Hyco. Hoos yr i at “Ci 1045] (aple-ny kK, = = E-X-7) 4 Ka-Ka, = ye yx ey) = oy d Sg iT Ka, = (H-D Ce-a- ) d- a ke = CH Gey emptyje mcg — 0 = Cln-g) Mme fay CH og ee Clay . 0 fi- ph + pea dis tHe rain pi caluletion eps 2. * en Loop colt a Fred ‘a 4 fletg prlalires. a) Na, HPO, ue 2 oo] mela p 4) Na APO, + Na, HPA wm 2 litre solution. lm orm Heidi 8 Na Heo, 9.06 Molar d) Na HO, or mms + Ne (0, 2 mr fa | litre voater Ke, = we ie: 2 am Ke, =< 1e78 | far HPO fm My. Kay = = po -13 Ht + Poy [o hea Se y= & Poy 2 Jo® 6) HiPb,- — weale aniel Hen? cone 7 ee ine log (OCT -| r 27 9, (ad pt = pee - 93 d) pre pm +t lg fe} ph = Noo ls, se = 1-3the PO, fa, 2 oS Ka = OF hag =P fs fur] (Ps Pou] Yes Aye 2 pe [w= [beear] ta/ No 2 of 7 Rehtion blo [Hopar | a4 (4704 HPO, = RTF POL kp lok z 2 2 G7 coo on, on Bond - 8 Hyp <2 nt + Wa * kyle oxy ex, ° Oh Ke, OF MS Ore a a Ka,- Kay = Ire} et USE Fol RES VETS [pe] < [ipo] fe} a 6% cue] 2 Key Q To womt soldfon of Andno atfd LAT , Jo ame of Nadtl is add +> complebly pebraliye © omvet it fo tA. Riad pa at is potet Ff Ks Et Keely gican amine asec: (F) % adding be S mame Af NuoH , find pil of vedbng solitonSection) Miltimoles of HM steno ~ Drm BAY + Noh —> Naf + Hao + HA tomms —— lomms ° omens = lemms solution cantotus t— HA only (lors to trom) 4 at io Tha] = 0+} Molar 2t 6A) UL LW —_ 7 Ka, Kan pe = phat pas > pa = OFF 2 2 Tes ph ole been oo [=F] pt = fso detec pat re novt rok qurine add. pees a \ Koy (so7 ba [ | iw? L. a Ny? Aw, HoA® Patt fern (HH) Ke wh mms addition of Nya 2 fA = + NaOH ~—> hho + tb aE 5” mms (ws) GC-) ~ Re ply * bg (E) => pie om mSwo 5 mons, fin py fe pascal bin of Dibase weal ace A? te mms Tet In] = 2 bls Spo Y-94 fle ~ Ft tslge >I ms (7% aoe pai) ay | Acide butt 7 Colendake ptt of rentheatNath + fl ——> Nath 4 fen Ka oO o 5Orems lOrms (50-16) ([e-12) _ 10 mms hen —> Co mms Nacn —> to mms pot = pKyr Ig civ J ining = ph = |. [ren J bf pS " a Ten"] oh = 5 + (oy (10) P «(ED p* = 4 Tp | New, cen beg Aribie bifr —) 2 pie pity lage) Be wo =! fase) % Gey 7 fe = 10° ‘bo Ha a+ lala = teove pe 0-1 Moby Clg cony ol Naok Vat! Vint (fist matrletr) Bt (ff mt Cy shy) [exyeon | Ce = olray, (eugeor nue] fmt > OIKY a — 71 j ohVw Yom ai BY me command (YS Shaye) (etyeene) left 7 ony. fetgeaor net) frat * ound av 4 ={t pia, = pe + leg Cd Aph= py, - ply, bw cag be Fhe amount of acts / bart reded -h, add to a \ a solim dp big 4 pre-defved cherge tn ‘sph is colhel ts ‘BuppeR «APA oT mms of mms ck CNet + he coy Beer | Buffer -2- Bofors doing pore amout of week elechm yk * te opugake fon, oll ame mae buffer capacity -