g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg

;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f+} .

k|:tfjgf
xfdL ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg g]kfnL hgtf
g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6o Pstf,
:jfwLgtf / :jfledfgnfO{ cIf'00f /fvL hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}d clwsf/, :jfoQtf /
:jzf;gsf] clwsf/nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{
/fi6lxt, nf]stGq / cu|ufdL kl/jt{gsf nflu g]kfnL hgtfn] k6s
k6s ub{} cfPsf P]ltxfl;s hg cfGbf]ng, ;z:q ;+3if{, Tofu / alnbfgsf]
uf}/jk"0f{ Oltxf;nfO{ :d/0f Pj+ zxLbx tyf a]kQf / kLl8t gful/sxnfO{
;Ddfg ub}{
;fdGtL, lg/+s'z, s]Gb|Ls[t / PsfTds /fHoJoj:yfn] ;[hgf u/]sf ;a}
k|sf/sf lje]b / pTkL8gsf] cGTo ub}{
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts tyf ef}uf]lns
ljljwtfo'Qm ljz]iftfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L ljljwtfaLrsf] Pstf, ;fdflhs
;f+:s[lts P]Soa4tf, ;lxi0f'tf / ;b\efjnfO{ ;+/If0f Pj+ k|jw{g ub}{ juL{o,
hftLo, If]qLo, eflifs, wfld{s, n}+lus lje]b / ;a} k|sf/sf hftLo 5'jf5"tsf]
cGTo u/L cfly{s ;dfgtf, ;d[l4 / ;fdflhs Gofo ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dfg'kflts
;dfj]zL / ;xeflutfd"ns l;4fGtsf cfwf/df ;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f
ug]{ ;+sNk ub}{
hgtfsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds ax'bnLo nf]stflGqs zf;g k|0ffnL, gful/s
:jtGqtf, df}lns clwsf/, dfgj clwsf/, aflnu dtflwsf/, cfjlws lgjf{rg,
k"0f{ k|]; :jtGqtf tyf :jtGq, lgikIf / ;Ifd Gofokflnsf / sfg"gL /fHosf]
cjwf/0ff nufotsf nf]stflGqs d"No / dfGotfdf cfwfl/t ;dfhjfbk|lt
k|lta4 /xL ;d[4 /fi6 lgdf{0f ug{
;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g Joj:yfsf] dfWodf/f lbuf]
zflGt, ;'zf;g, ljsf; / ;d[l4sf] cfsf+Iff k"/f ug{ ;+ljwfg ;efaf6 kfl/t
u/L of] ;+ljwfg hf/L ub{5f}+ .

!=

@=

#=

$=

%=

^=
&=

efu!
k|f/lDes
;+ljwfg d"n sfg"g M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg g]kfnsf] d"n sfg"g xf] . o;
;+ljwfg;Fu aflemg] sfg"g aflemPsf] xb;Dd cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] kfngf ug'{ k|To]s JolQmsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf M g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fhsLo;Qf
g]kfnL hgtfdf lglxt /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] k|of]u o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf
eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fi6 M ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm,
ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf /x]sf ;dfg cfsf+Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6o :jtGqtf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg /xL Pstfsf]
;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6df /fi6 xf] .
g]kfn /fHo M -!_ g]kfn :jtGq, cljefHo, ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg,
wd{lg/k]If, ;dfj]zL, nf]stGqfTds, ;dfhjfb pGd'v, ;+3Lo
nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds /fHo xf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu wd{lg/k]If eGgfn]
;gftgb]lv rlncfPsf] wd{ ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f nufot wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts
:jtGqtf ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ g]kfnsf] If]q b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avtsf] If]q, /
-v_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|fKt x'g] If]q .
/fli6o lxt M -!_ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf,
/fli6otf, :jfwLgtf, :jfledfg, g]kfnLsf] xs lxtsf] /Iff, ;Ldfgfsf]
;'/Iff, cfly{s ;d'Gglt / ;d[l4 g]kfnsf] /fli6o lxtsf cfwf/e"t ljifo
x'g]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6 lxt k|lts"nsf] cfr/0f / sfo{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
b08gLo x'g]5 .
/fi6efiff M g]kfndf af]lng] ;a} dft[efiffx /fi6efiff x'g\ .
;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff M -!_ b]jgfu/L lnlkdf n]lvg] g]kfnL efiff
g]kfnsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff x'g]5 .
2

*=

(=

-@_ g]kfnL efiffsf cltl/Qm k|b]zn] cfgf] k|b]zleq ax';+Vos

hgtfn] af]Ng] Ps jf PseGbf a9L cGo /fi6efiffnfO{ k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd k|b]zsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ efiff ;DaGwL cGo s'/f efiff cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;df g]kfn
;/sf/n] lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fli6o em08f M -!_ l;ld|s /+usf] e'OF / uf9f gLnf] /+usf] lsgf/f ePsf]
b'O{ lqsf]0f clnslt hf]l8Psf], dflyNnf] efudf v'k]{ rGb|sf] aLrdf
;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf/ / tNnf] efudf afx| sf]0fo'Qm ;"o{sf]
;]tf] cfsf/ c+lst ePsf] em08f g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f xf] .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f, /fli6o em08f agfpg] t/Lsf /
tT;DaGwL cGo ljj/0f cg';"rL! df pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fli6o ufg OToflb M -!_ g]kfnsf] /fli6o ufg cg';"rL@ df pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk cg';"rL# df pNn]v eP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfnsf] /fli6o k"mn nfnLu'/fF;, /fli6o /+u l;ld|s, /fli6o
hgfj/ ufO{ / /fli6o kIfL 8fFkm] x'g]5 .

efu@
gful/stf
!)= gful/stfaf6 jl~rt gul/g] M -!_ s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/snfO{
gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ g]kfndf k|fb]lzs klxrfg ;lxtsf] Psn ;+3Lo gful/stfsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
!!= g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg{] M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfnsf]
gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf / o; efu adf]lhd gful/stf k|fKt ug{ of]Uo
JolQmx g]kfnsf] gful/s x'g]5g\ .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf :yfoL a;f]jf;
ePsf] b]xfosf] JolQm j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5 M
-s_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 j+zhsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm,
-v_ s'g} JolQmsf] hGd x'Fbfsf avt lghsf] afa' jf cfdf
g]kfnsf] gful/s /x]5 eg] To:tf] JolQm .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g'eGbf cl3 hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf]
gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] gful/ssf] ;Gtfgn] afa' / cfdf b'j} g]kfnsf]
gful/s /x]5g\ eg] lgh aflnu ePkl5 j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf]
gful/stf k|fKt ug]{5 .
-$_ g]kfnleq k]mnf k/]sf] lkt[Tj / dft[Tjsf] 7]ufg gePsf]
k|To]s gfafns lghsf] afa' jf cfdf k]mnf gk/];Dd j+zhsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnsf] gful/s 7xg]{5 .
-%_ g]kfnsf] gful/s cfdfaf6 g]kfndf hGd eO{ g]kfndf g}
a;f]af; u/]sf] / afa'sf] klxrfg x'g g;s]sf] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf]
cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|bfg ul/g]5 .
t/ afa' ljb]zL gful/s ePsf] 7x/]df To:tf] JolQmsf] gful/stf
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd c+uLs[t gful/stfdf kl/0ft x'g]5 .
-^_ g]kfnL gful/s;Fu j}jflxs ;DaGw sfod u/]sL ljb]zL
dlxnfn] rfx]df ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] c+uLs[t gful/stf lng
;Sg]5 .
4

!@=

!#=
!$=

!%=

-&_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zL

gful/s;Fu ljjfx u/]sL g]kfnL dlxnf gful/saf6 hlGdPsf] JolQmsf]
xsdf lgh g]kfndf g} :yfoL a;f]af; u/]sf] / lghn] ljb]zL d'n'ssf]
gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] /x]g5 eg] lghn] ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf]
c+uLs[t gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ gful/stf k|fKt ubf{sf avt lghsf cfdf / afa' b'j} g]kfnL
gful/s /x]5g\ eg] g]kfndf hGd]sf] To:tf] JolQmn] j+zhsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPb]lv afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd g]kfnsf] c+uLs[t gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-(_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd g]kfnsf] ;Ddfgfy{
gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!)_ g]kfnleq ufleg] u/L s'g} If]q k|fKt ePdf To:tf] If]qleq
a;f]af; ePsf] JolQm ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] gful/s
x'g]5 .
j+zLo cfwf/ tyf n}+lus klxrfg ;lxtsf] gful/stf M of] ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] lghsf]
cfdf jf afa'sf] gfdaf6 n}+lus klxrfg ;lxtsf] g]kfnsf] gful/stfsf]
k|df0fkq kfpg ;Sg]5 .
gful/stfsf] k|flKt, k'gMk|flKt / ;dflKt M gful/stfsf] k|flKt, k'gMk|flKt
/ ;dflKt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] M ljb]zL d'n'ssf]
gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] blIf0f PlzofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;+u7gsf] ;b:o
/fi6 afx]ssf b]zdf a;f]af; u/]sf] ;flasdf j+zhsf] jf hGdsf]
cfwf/df lgh jf lghsf] afa' jf cfdf, afh] jf aHo} g]kfnsf] gful/s
/xL kl5 ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ pkef]u ug{ kfpg] u/L
g]kfnsf] u}/cfjf;Lo gful/stf k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 .
g]kfnsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M g]kfnsf] k|To]s gful/ssf]
kl/ro v'Ng] u/L clen]v /fVg] tyf g]kfnsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

!^=

!&=

efu#
df}lns xs / st{Jo
;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ s;}nfO{ klg d[To'b08sf] ;hfo lbg] u/L sfg"g agfOg] 5}g .
:jtGqtfsf] xs M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ j}olQms
:jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5 M
-s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,
-v_ ljgf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g] :jtGqtf,
-u_ /fhgLlts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-3_ ;+3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,
-_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt / a;f]af; ug]{
:jtGqtf,
-r_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf k]zf, /f]huf/ ug]{ / pBf]u,
Jofkf/ tyf Joj;fosf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{
:jtGqtf .
t/,
-!_ v08 -s_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6otf / :jfwLgtfdf jf
;+3Lo OsfO jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{,
;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{], hftLo
e]befj jf 5'jf5"tnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{, >dk|lt
cjx]ngf ug]{, ufnL a]OHhtL, cbfntsf] cjx]ngf
x'g], ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
lzi6frf/ jf g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df
dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ v08 -v_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6otf / :jfwLgtf, ;+3Lo
6

-#_

-$_

OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGw jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt /

Joj:yfdf vnn kg]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
v08 -u_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6otf / :jfwLgtfdf
vnn kg]{, /fi6sf] lj?4 hf;";L ug]{, /fli6o
uf]kgLotf e+u ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr
k'ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo, ;+u7g jf
k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf
;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf
hftLo jf ;fDk|bflos lj]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg
hft, hflt, wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf s]jn hflt, efiff, wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf
ln+usf] cfwf/df s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:otf
k|fKt ug{] jf aGb]h nufpg] jf gful/sxaLr
lje]b ug]{ u/L /fhgLlts bn u7g ug{],
lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
v08 -3_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6otf / :jfwLgtfdf
vnn kg]{, /fi6sf] lj?4 hf;";L ug]{, /fli6o
uf]kgLotf e+u ug]{ jf g]kfnsf] ;'/Iffdf cfFr
k'ofpg] u/L s'g} ljb]zL /fHo, ;+u7g jf
k|ltlglwnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{, /fHob|f]x ug]{ jf ;+3Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf hftLo jf
;fDk|bflos lj]if km}nfpg] jf ljleGg hft, hflt,
wd{ / ;Dk|bfoaLrsf] ;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{ jf
lx+;fTds sfo{ ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
5}g .

-%_

v08 -_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lxt

jf ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGw jf ljleGg hft,
hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfoxsf aLrsf] ;';DaGwdf
vnn kg]{ jf lx+;fTds sfo{ ug]{ jf To:tf] sfo{
ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw
nufpg] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg]
5}g .
-^_ v08 -r_ sf] s'g} s'/fn] ;+3Lo OsfOaLrsf] ;'
;DaGwdf vnn k'ofpg] sfo{ jf ;j{;fwf/0f
hgtfsf] ;fj{hlgs :jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ jf
g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] sfo{df /f]s nufpg] jf
s'g} vf; pBf]u, Jofkf/ jf ;]jf /fHon] dfq
;~rfng ug{ kfpg] jf s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u,
Jofkf/ jf Joj;fo ug{sf nflu s'g} zt{ jf
of]Uotf tf]Sg]] u/L P]g agfpg /f]s nufPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
!*= ;dfgtfsf] xs M -!_ ;a} gful/s sfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ .
s;}nfO{ klg sfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ ;fdfGo sfg"gsf] k|of]udf pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln+u,
zf/Ll/s cj:yf, ckf+utf, :jf:Yo l:ylt, j}jflxs l:ylt, uef{j:yf,
cfly{s cj:yf, efiff jf If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ /fHon] gful/sxsf aLr pTklQ, wd{, j0f{, hft, hflt, ln+u,
cfly{s cj:yf, efiff, If]q, j}rfl/s cf:yf jf o:t} cGo s'g} cfwf/df
e]befj ug]{ 5}g .
t/ ;fdflhs jf ;f+:s[lts b[li6n] lk5l8Psf dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf, d'l:nd, pTkLl8t ju{,
lk58f ju{, cNk;+Vos, ;LdfGtLs[t, ls;fg, >lds, o'jf, afnaflnsf,
Ho]i7 gful/s, n}+lus tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm,
uef{j:yfsf JolQm, czQm jf c;xfo, lk5l8Psf] If]q / cfly{s kn]
ljkGg v; cfo{ nufot gful/ssf] ;+/If0f, ;zQmLs/0f jf ljsf;sf
nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

:ki6Ls/0f M o; efu / efu $ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu cfly{s kn]

ljkGg eGgfn] ;+3Lo sfg"gdf tf]lsPsf] cfoeGbf sd cfo ePsf]
JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ ;dfg sfdsf nflu n}+lus cfwf/df kfl/>lds tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf s'g} e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-%_ k}t[s ;DklQdf n}+lus e]befj ljgf ;a} ;Gtfgsf] ;dfg xs
x'g]5 .
!(= ;~rf/sf] xs M -!_ ljB'tLo k|sfzg, k|;f/0f tyf 5fkf nufotsf
h'g;'s} dfWodaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/, ;DkfbsLo, n]v, /rgf jf cGo s'g}
kf7\o, >Jo, >Job[Zo ;fdu|Lsf] k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f ug{ jf ;"rgf
k|jfx ug{ jf 5fKg k"j{ k|ltaGw nufOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6otf jf ;+3Lo
OsfOaLrsf] ;';DaGw jf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{ jf ;Dk|bfo aLrsf]
;';DaGwdf vnn kg]{, /fHob|f]x, ufnL a]OHhtL jf cbfntsf] cjx]ngf
x'g] jf ck/fw ug{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs lzi6frf/, g}ltstfsf]
k|lts"n sfo{ ug{], >dk|lt cjx]ngf ug{] / hftLo 5'jf5"t Pj+ n}+lus
e]befjnfO{ b'?T;fxg ug]{ sfo{df dgfl;a k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L P]g
agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} >Jo, >Job[Zo jf ljB'tLo pks/0fsf] dfWod jf
5fkfvfgfaf6 s'g} ;dfrf/, n]v, ;DkfbsLo, /rgf, ;"rgf jf cGo s'g}
;fdu|L d'b|0f jf k|sfzg, k|;f/0f u/] jf 5fk] afkt To:tf] ;fdu|L
k|sfzg, k|;f/0f ug]{ jf 5fKg] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, cgnfOg jf cGo s'g}
lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo pks/0f, 5fkf jf cGo ;~rf/
dfWodnfO{ aGb, hkmt jf btf{ vf/]h jf To:tf] ;fdu|L hkmt ul/g]
5}g .
t/ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] /]l8of], 6]lnlehg,
cgnfOg jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] l8lh6n jf ljB'tLo pks/0f,
5fkfvfgf jf cGo ;~rf/ dfWodsf] lgodg ug{ P]g agfpg aGb]h
nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} 5fkf, ljB'tLo k|;f/0f tyf
6]lnkmf]g nufotsf ;~rf/ ;fwgnfO{ cj?4 ul/g] 5}g .
@)= Gofo ;DaGwL xs M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] sf/0f ;lxtsf]
;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
9

@!=

-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf] ;dob]lv g} cfk"mn]

/f]h]sf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu ;Nnfx lng kfpg] tyf sfg"g Joj;foLf/f
k'k{If ug{] xs x'g]5 . To:tf] JolQmn] cfgf] sfg"g Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf]
k/fdz{ / lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 .
t/ zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu sfg"g Joj;foL eGgfn]
s'g} c8\8f cbfntdf s'g} JolQmsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ sfg"gn] clwsf/
lbPsf] JolQm ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf] ;do tyf :yfgaf6
af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL; 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt
u/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]z ePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf]
JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g .
t/ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvPsf JolQm / zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf]
xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] afkt s'g}
JolQm ;hfoefuL x'g] 5}g / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ s;"/ ubf{sf] cj:yfdf
sfg"gdf tf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ lghn] u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft
geP;Dd s;"/bf/ dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg JolQm lj?4 cbfntdf Ps} s;"/df Ps k6seGbf
a9L d'2f rnfOg] / ;hfo lbOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ cfgf] lj?4 ;fIfL
x'g afWo kfl/g] 5}g .
-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4 ul/Psf] sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :jtGq, lgikIf / ;Ifd cbfnt jf Goflos
lgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ c;dy{ kIfnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd lgMz'Ns sfg"gL ;xfotf
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
ck/fw kLl8tsf] xs M -!_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ cfkm" kLl8t ePsf] d'2fsf]
cg';Gwfg tyf sf/afxL ;DaGwL hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
10

-@_ ck/fw kLl8tnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs k'gM:yfkgf /

Ifltk"lt{ ;lxtsf] Gofo kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@@= oftgf lj?4sf] xs M -!_ kqmfp k/]sf] jf y'gfdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{
zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf
ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 /
To:tf] Jojxf/af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
@#= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj?4sf] xs M -!_ g]kfnsf]] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns
cv08tf jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnn kg]{ kof{Kt
cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /x]sf] JolQmsf
l:yltsf] af/]df lghsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:o jf glhssf] gft]bf/nfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd tTsfn hfgsf/L lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ zq' b]zsf] gful/ssf xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ lgjf/s gh/aGbdf /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg"g ljk/Lt jf
ablgotk"j{s s'g} JolQmnfO{ gh/aGbdf /fv]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@$= 5'jf5"t tyf e]befj lj?4sf] xs M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ lghsf]
pTklQ, hft, hflt, ;d'bfo, k]zf, Joj;fo jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf]
cfwf/df s'g} klg lghL tyf ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf s'g} k|sf/sf] 5'jf5"t jf
e]befj ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf pTkfbg jf ljt/0f ubf{ To:tf]
j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft jf hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ v/Lb jf k|fKt
ug{af6 /f]s nufOg] jf To:tf] j:t', ;]jf jf ;'ljwf s'g} vf; hft jf
hfltsf] JolQmnfO{ dfq laqmL ljt/0f jf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ pTklQ, hft, hflt jf zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf] cfwf/df s'g} JolQm
jf ;d'bfonfO{ pRr jf gLr bzf{pg], hft, hflt jf 5'jf5"tsf] cfwf/df
;fdflhs e]befjnfO{ Gofof]lrt 7fGg] jf 5'jf5"t tyf hftLo pRrtf jf
3[0ffdf cfwfl/t ljrf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ jf hftLo lje]bnfO{ s'g} klg
lsl;dn] k|f]T;fxg ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
11

-$_ hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5"t u/L jf gu/L sfo{:yndf s'g}

k|sf/sf] e]befj ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ o; wf/fsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L ePsf ;a} k|sf/sf 5'jf5"t tyf
e]befjhGo sfo{ uDeL/ ;fdflhs ck/fwsf kdf sfg"g adf]lhd
b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t JolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
@%= ;DklQsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ;DklQ
cfh{g ug]{, ef]u ug]{, a]rlavg ug]{, Jofj;flos nfe k|fKt ug]{ /
;DklQsf] cGo sf/f]af/ ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
t/ /fHon] JolQmsf] ;DklQdf s/ nufpg / k|ultzLn s/sf]
dfGotf cg'k JolQmsf] cfodf s/ nufpg ;Sg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;DklQ eGgfn] rn crn
nufot ;a} k|sf/sf] ;DklQ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] af}l4s ;DklQ
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-@_ ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu afx]s /fHon] s'g} JolQmsf] ;DklQ
clwu|x0f ug]{, k|fKt ug]{ jf To:tf] ;DklQ pk/ c? s'g} k|sf/n] s'g}
clwsf/sf] l;h{gf ug]{ 5}g .
t/ s'g} klg JolQmn] u}/sfg"gL kn] cfh{g u/]sf] ;DklQsf]
xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu /fHon] s'g} klg
JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f ubf{ Ifltk"lt{sf] cfwf/ / sfo{k|0ffnL P]g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ / -#_ sf] Joj:yfn] e"ldsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj
j[l4 ug{, s[lifsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f / Joj;foLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f,
Jojl:yt cfjf; tyf zx/L ljsf; ug{] k|of]hgsf nflu /fHon] sfg"g
adf]lhd e"ld ;'wf/, Joj:yfkg / lgodg ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd /fHon] ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu s'g}
JolQmsf] ;DklQ clwu|x0f u/]sf]df To:tf] ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] ;6[f csf{]
s'g} ;fj{hlgs lxtsf nflu To:tf] ;DklQ k|of]u ug{ afwf kg]{ 5}g .
@^= wfld{s :jtGqtfsf] xs M -!_ wd{df cf:yf /fVg] k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfgf]]
cf:yf cg';f/ wd{sf] cjnDag, cEof; / ;+/If0f ug{] :jtGqtf x'g]5 .
12

-@_ k|To]s wfld{s ;Dk|bfonfO{ wfld{s :yn tyf wfld{s u'7L

;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{] xs x'g]5 .
t/ wfld{s :yn tyf wfld{s u'7Lsf] ;~rfng / ;+/If0f ug{ tyf
u'7L ;DklQ tyf hUufsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu sfg"g agfO{ lgoldt ug{
afwf k'u]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ o; wf/ff/f k|bQ xssf] k|of]u ubf{ s;}n] klg ;fj{hlgs
:jf:Yo, lzi6frf/ / g}ltstfsf] k|lts"n x'g] jf ;fj{hlgs zflGt e+u
ug]{ lqmofsnfk ug{, u/fpg jf s;}sf] wd{ kl/jt{g u/fpg] jf csf{sf]
wd{df vnn kg{] sfd jf Jojxf/ ug{ jf u/fpg x'Fb}g / To:tf] sfo{
sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 .
@&= ;"rgfsf] xs M k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfgf] jf ;fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] s'g}
klg ljifosf] ;"rgf dfUg] / kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
t/ sfg"g adf]lhd uf]Ko /fVg' kg]{ ;"rgfsf] hfgsf/L lbg
s;}nfO{ afWo kfl/g] 5}g .
@*= uf]kgLotfsf] xs M s'g} klg JolQmsf] hLp, cfjf;, ;DklQ, lnvt,
tYof+s, kqfrf/ / rl/q ;DaGwL ljifosf] uf]kgLotf sfg"g adf]lhd
afx]s cgltqmDo x'g]5 .
@(= zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ zf]if0f lj?4sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/, k|rng jf cGo s'g} cfwf/df s'g}
klg JolQmnfO{ s'g} lsl;dn] zf]if0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-#_ s;}nfO{ klg a]rlavg ug{, bf; jf afFwf agfpg kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ s;}nfO{ klg lghsf] OR5f lj?4 sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
t/ ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf nflu gful/snfO{ /fHon] clgjfo{
;]jfdf nufpg ;Sg] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ / -$_ ljk/Ltsf] sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd b08gLo
x'g]5 / kLl8tnfO{ kL8saf6 sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#)= :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 / :j:y
jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f jf x|f;af6 x'g] Ifltafkt kLl8tnfO{
k|b"ifsaf6 sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x''g]5 .
13

-#_ /fi6sf] ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{df jftfj/0f / ljsf;aLr

;d'lrt ;Gt'ngsf nflu cfjZos sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ o; wf/fn] afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
#!= lzIff ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIffdf kx'Frsf]
xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t tx;Ddsf] lzIff
clgjfo{ / lgMz'Ns tyf dfWolds tx;Ddsf] lzIff lgMz'Ns kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
-#_ ckf+utf ePsf / cfly{s kn] ljkGg gful/snfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd lgMz'Ns pRr lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ b[li6ljxLg gful/snfO{ a|]nlnlk tyf alx/f / :j/ jf af]nfO
;DaGwL ckf+utf ePsf gful/snfO{ ;f+s]lts efiffsf] dfWodaf6 sfg"g
adf]lhd lgMz'Ns lzIff kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd cfgf] dft[efiffdf lzIff kfpg] / To;sf nflu ljBfno tyf
z}lIfs ;+:yf vf]Ng] / ;~rfng ug{] xs x'g]5 .
#@= efiff tyf ;+:s[ltsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfgf] efiff
k|of]u ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s JolQm / ;d'bfonfO{ cfgf] ;d'bfosf] ;f+:s[lts
hLjgdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfndf a;f]af; ug{] k|To]s g]kfnL ;d'bfonfO{ cfgf] efiff,
lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;f+:s[lts ;Eotf / ;Dkbfsf] ;+jw{g / ;+/If0f ug{] xs
x'g]5 .
##= /f]huf/Lsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] xs x'g]5 .
/f]huf/Lsf] zt{, cj:yf / a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /f]huf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#$= >dsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt >d cEof;sf] xs x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu >lds eGgfn] kfl/>lds
lnO{ /f]huf/bftfsf nflu zf/Ll/s jf af}l4s sfo{ ug{] sfdbf/ jf
dhb"/ ;Demg' k5{ .
14

-@_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ plrt kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf of]ubfgdf

cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s >ldsnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd 6]8 o'lgog vf]Ng], To;df
;xefuL x'g] tyf ;fd"lxs ;f}bfafhL ug{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
#%= :jf:Yo ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo
;]jf lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug{] xs x'g]5 / s;}nfO{ klg cfsl:ds :jf:Yo
;]jfaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ cfgf] :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L
kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfOdf kx'Frsf]
xs x'g]5 .
#^= vfB ;DaGwL xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfB ;DaGwL xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ vfBj:t'sf] cefjdf hLjg hf]lvddf kg]{
cj:yfaf6 ;'/lIft x'g] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] xs
x'g]5 .
#&= cfjf;sf] xs M -!_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ pko'Qm cfjf;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg gful/snfO{ lghsf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] jf;:yfgaf6 x6fOg] jf cltqmd0f ul/g] 5}g .
#*= dlxnfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ n}+lus e]befj ljgf ;dfg j+zLo
xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s dlxnfnfO{ ;'/lIft dft[Tj / k|hgg :jf:Yo ;DaGwL
xs x'g]5 .
-#_ dlxnf lj? wfld{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts k/Dk/f, k|rng jf
cGo s'g} cfwf/df zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo, dgf]j}1flgs jf cGo
s'g} lsl;dsf] lx+;fhGo sfo{ jf zf]if0f ul/g] 5}g . To:tf] sfo{ sfg"g
adf]lhd b08gLo x'g]5 / kLl8tnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .

15

#(=

-$_ /fHosf ;a} lgsfodf dlxnfnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL

l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf
;sf/fTds lje]bsf cfwf/df ljz]if cj;/ k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-^_ ;DklQ tyf kfl/jfl/s dfldnfdf bDktLsf] ;dfg xs x'g]5 .
afnaflnsfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ cfgf] klxrfg ;lxt
gfds/0f / hGdbtf{sf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ kl/jf/ tyf /fHoaf6 lzIff, :jf:Yo,
kfng kf]if0f, plrt :ofxf/, v]ns"b, dgf]/~hg tyf ;jf{+uL0f JolQmTj
ljsf;sf] xs x'g]5 .
-#_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ k|f/lDes afn ljsf; tyf afn
;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ snsf/vfgf, vfgL jf o:t} cGo
hf]lvdk"0f{ sfddf nufpg kfOg] 5}g .
-%_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ afn ljjfx, u}/sfg"gL cf];f/k;f/ /
ckx/0f ug{ jf aGws /fVg kfOg] 5}g .
-^_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ ;]gf, k|x/L jf ;z:q ;d"xdf egf{
jf k|of]u ug{ jf ;f+:s[lts jf wfld{s k|rngsf gfddf s'g} klg dfWod
jf k|sf/n] b'Jo{jxf/, pk]Iff jf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s, of}ghGo jf cGo s'g}
k|sf/sf] zf]if0f ug{ jf cg'lrt k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-&_ s'g} klg afnaflnsfnfO{ 3/, ljBfno jf cGo h'g;'s} :yfg
/ cj:yfdf zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s jf cGo s'g} lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg kfOg]
5}g .
-*_ k|To]s afnaflnsfnfO{ afn cg's"n Gofosf] xs x'g]5 .
-(_ c;xfo, cgfy, ckf+utf ePsf, GkLl8t, lj:yflkt Pj+
hf]lvddf /x]sf afnaflnsfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f / ;'ljwf kfpg]
xs x'g]5 .
-!)_ pkwf/f -$_, -%_, -^_ / -&_ ljk/Ltsf sfo{ sfg"g adf]lhd
b08gLo x'g]5g\ / To:tf] sfo{af6 kLl8t afnaflnsfnfO{ kL8saf6
sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
16

$)= blntsf] xs M -!_ /fHosf ;a} lgsfodf blntnfO{ ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL

l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;xefuL x'g] xs x'g]5 . ;fj{hlgs ;]jf nufotsf
/f]huf/Lsf cGo If]qdf blnt ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0f, k|ltlglwTj /
;xeflutfsf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-@_ blnt ljBfyL{nfO{ k|fyldsb]lv pRr lzIff;Dd sfg"g
adf]lhd 5fqj[lQ ;lxt lgMz'Ns lzIffsf] Joj:yf ul/g]]5 . k|fljlws /
Jofj;flos pRr lzIffdf blntsf nflu sfg"g adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf
ul/g]5 .
-#_ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ :jf:Yo / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ sfg"g
adf]lhd ljz]if Joj:yf ul/g]5 .
-$_ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ cfgf] k/Dk/fut k]zf, 1fg, ;Lk /
k|ljlwsf] k|of]u, ;+/If0f / ljsf; ug]{ xs x'g]5 . /fHon] blnt
;d'bfosf k/Dk/fut k]zf;Fu ;DalGwt cfw'lgs Joj;fodf pgLxnfO{
k|fyldstf lbO{ To;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ;Lk / ;|f]t pknAw
u/fpg]5 .
-%_ /fHon] e"ldxLg blntnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ps k6s hdLg
pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ /fHon] cfjf;ljxLg blntnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd a;f]af;sf]
Joj:yf ug]{5 .
-&_ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ o; wf/ff/f k|bQ ;'ljwf blnt dlxnf,
k'?if / ;a} ;d'bfodf /x]sf blntn] ;dfg'kflts kdf k|fKt ug]{ u/L
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
$!= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xs M Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f tyf
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
$@= ;fdflhs Gofosf] xs M -!_ ;fdflhs kn] k5fl8 k/]sf dlxnf, blnt,
cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf, cNk;+Vos, ckf+utf ePsf
JolQm, ;LdfGtLs[t, d'l:nd, lk58f ju{, n}+lus tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos,
o'jf, ls;fg, >lds, pTkLl8t jf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/s tyf
cfly{skn] ljkGg v; cfo{nfO{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df /fHosf]
lgsfodf ;xeflutfsf] xs x'g]5 .
-@_ cfly{s kn] ljkGg tyf nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfosf gful/ssf]
;+/If0f, pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, cfjf;
17

$#=

$$=

$%=
$^=

$&=

$*=

/f]huf/L, vfBfGg / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf ljz]if cj;/ tyf nfe kfpg]

xs x'g]5 .
-#_ ckf+utf ePsf gful/snfO{ ljljwtfsf] klxrfg ;lxt dof{bf
/ cfTd;Ddfgk"j{s hLjgofkg ug{ kfpg] / ;fj{hlgs ;]jf tyf
;'ljwfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] xs x'g]5 .
-$_ k|To]s ls;fgnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd s[lif sfo{sf nflu e"lddf
kx'Fr, k/Dk/fut kdf k|of]u / cjnDag ul/Psf] :yfgLo aLp lahg
/ s[lif k|hfltsf] 5gf}6 / ;+/If0fsf] xs x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfndf cu|ufdL nf]stflGqs kl/jt{gsf]] nflu ePsf ;a}
hg cfGbf]ng, ;z:q ;+3if{ / qmflGtsf qmddf hLjg pT;u{ ug]{
zxLbsf kl/jf/, a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/, nf]stGqsf of]4f,
GkLl8t / lj:yflkt, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, 3fOt] tyf kLl8tnfO{
Gofo Pj+ plrt ;Ddfg ;lxt lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L, cfjf; /
;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf sfg"g adf]lhd k|fyldstfsf ;fy cj;/ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs M cfly{s kn] ljkGg, czQm / c;xfo
cj:yfdf /x]sf, c;xfo Psn dlxnf, ckf+utf ePsf, afnaflnsf,
cfk\mgf] x]/rfx cfkm}+ ug{ g;Sg] tyf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf gful/snfO{
sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 .
pkef]Qmfsf] xs M -!_ k|To]s pkef]QmfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo j:t' tyf ;]jf
k|fKt ug]{ xs x'g]5 .
-@_ u'0f:t/xLg j:t' jf ;]jfaf6 Iflt k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"g
adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] xs x'g]5 .
b]z lgsfnf lj?4sf] xs M s'g} klg gful/snfO{ b]z lgsfnf ul/g] 5}g .
;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs M o; efuf/f k|bQ xssf] k|rngsf nflu
wf/f !## jf !$$ df n]lvP adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs pkrf/ kfpg] xs
x'g]5 .
df}lns xssf] sfof{Gjog M o; efuf/f k|bQ xsxsf] sfof{Gjogsf
nflu cfjZostf cg';f/ /fHon] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] tLg jif{leq
sfg"gL Joj:yf ug]{5 .
gful/ssf st{Jo M k|To]s gful/ssf st{Jo b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5g\ M
18

-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_

/fi6k|lt lgi7fjfg xF'b} g]kfnsf] /fli6otf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf /

cv08tfsf] /Iff ug{',
;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] kfngf ug{',
/fHon] rfx]sf avt clgjfo{ ;]jf ug'{,
;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ug{' .

19

efu$
/fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt tyf bfloTj
$(= dfu{lgb]{zgsf kdf /xg] M -!_ o; efudf plNnlvt lgb]{zs l;4fGt,
gLlt tyf bfloTj /fHo ;~rfngsf] dfu{lgb]{zgsf kdf /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fHon] o; efudf plNnlvt l;4fGt, gLlt / bfloTjsf]
sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;|f]t ;fwg kl/rfng ug]{ u/fpg]5 .
%)= lgb]{zs l;4fGtx M -!_ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns
cv08tf / :jfwLgtfnfO{ ;jf]{kl/ /fVb} gful/ssf] hLp, wg, ;dfgtf /
:jtGqtfsf] ;+/If0f u/L sfg"gsf] zf;g, df}lns xs tyf dfgj
clwsf/sf d"No / dfGotf, n}+lus ;dfgtf, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zLs/0f,
;xeflutf / ;fdflhs Gofosf] dfWodaf6 /fli6o hLjgsf ;a} If]qdf
Gofok"0f{ Joj:yf sfod ub}{ nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHoJoj:yfsf] :yfkgf ug]{
tyf k/:k/ ;xof]udf cfwfl/t ;+3Lotfsf cfwf/df ;+3Lo
OsfOxaLrsf] ;DaGw ;~rfng ub}{ :yfgLo :jfoQtf /
ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cfwf/df zf;g Joj:yfdf ;dfg'kflts l;4fGtnfO{
cfTd;ft\ ub}{ nf]stflGqs clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] cj:yf
;'lglZrt ug{ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds Joj:yf ;'b[9 ug]{
/fHosf] /fhgLlts p2]Zo x'g]5 .
-@_ wd{, ;+:s[lt, ;+:sf/, k|yf, k/Dk/f, k|rng jf cGo s'g} klg
cfwf/df x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b, zf]if0f / cGofosf] cGTo u/L ;Eo /
;dtfd"ns ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ Pj+ /fli6o uf}/j, nf]stGq,
hgkIfLotf, >dsf] ;Ddfg, pBdzLntf, cg'zf;g, dof{bf /
;lxi0f'tfdf cfwfl/t ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts d"Noxsf] ljsf; ug]{ tyf
;f+:s[lts ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ub}{ ;fdflhs ;b\efj, P]Soa4tf /
;fd~h:o sfod u/L /fli6o Pstf ;'b[9 ug]{ /fHosf] ;fdflhs /
;f+:s[lts p2]Zo x'g]5 .
-#_ ;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutf tyf ljsf;
dfkm{t pknAw ;fwg / ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfngf/f tLj| cfly{s j[l4
xfl;n ub{} lbuf] cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ tyf k|fKt pknlAwxsf] Gofof]lrt
ljt/0f u/L cfly{s c;dfgtfsf] cGTo ub}{ zf]if0f/lxt ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f
ug{ /fli6o cy{tGqnfO{ cfTdlge{/, :jtGq tyf pGgltzLn agfpFb}
;dfhjfb pGd'v :jtGq / ;d[4 cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ /fHosf] cfly{s
p2]Zo x'g]5 .
20

%!=

-$_ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf,

:jfwLgtf / /fli6o lxtsf] /Iff ub}{ ;fj{ef}lds ;dfgtfsf cfwf/df
cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw sfod u/L ljZj ;d'bfodf /fli6o ;Ddfgsf]
clej[l4 ug]{tkm{ /fHosf] cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw lgb]{lzt x'g]5 .
/fHosf gLltx M /fHon] b]xfosf gLltx cjnDag ug]{5 M
-s_ /fli6o Pstf / /fli6o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf /
:jfwLgtfsf] ;+/If0f ub}{ /fli6o Pstf cIf'00f /fVg],
-@_ ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff, ;+:s[lt / ;Dk|bfoaLr
kf/:kl/s ;b\efj, ;lxi0f'tf / P]Soa4tf sfod u/L ;+3Lo
OsfOaLr k/:k/df ;xof]ufTds ;DaGw ljsf; ub}{
/fli6o Pstf k|jw{g ug]{,
-#_ /fli6o ;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/L zflGt ;'/Iffsf]
Joj:yf ug]{,
-$_ ;jf+{uL0f dfgjLo ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{,
-%_ /fli6o ;'/Iff gLltsf cfwf/df g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L,
;z:q k|x/L, an g]kfn nufot ;a} ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{
;an, ;'b[9, Jofj;flos, ;dfj]zL / hgpQ/bfoL agfpg],
-^_ /fli6o cfjZostf cg'k gful/snfO{ /fi6sf] ;]jf ug{
tTk/ / ;Ifd agfpg],
-&_ k"j{ sd{rf/L, ;}lgs / k|x/L nufotsf k"j{ /fi6;]jsxdf
/x]sf] 1fg, ;Lk / cg'ejnfO{ /fi6 lxtdf ;d'lrt pkof]u
ug{] .
-v_ /fhgLlts tyf zf;g Joj:yf ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ /fhgLlts pknlAwsf] /Iff, ;'b[9Ls/0f / ljsf; ub}{
cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts kfGt/0fsf dfWodaf6
hgtfsf] ;jf]{Qd lxt / ;d'Gglt k|Tofe"t ug]{,
-@_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ub}{ ljlwsf] zf;g
sfod /fVg],

21

-#_

-u_

-3_

g]kfn kIf ePsf cGt/f{li6o ;lGw ;Demf}tfxsf]

sfof{Gjog ug]{,
-$_ ;fj{hlgs k|zf;gnfO{ :jR5, ;Ifd, lgikIf, kf/bzL{,
e|i6frf/d'Qm, hgpQ/bfoL / ;xeflutfd"ns agfpFb}
/fHoaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;]jf ;'ljwfdf hgtfsf] ;dfg / ;xh
kx'Fr ;'lglZrt u/L ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{,
-%_ cfd;~rf/nfO{ :jR5, :j:y, lgikIf, dof{lbt, lhDd]jf/ /
Jofj;flos agfpg cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{,
-^_ ;+3Lo OsfOaLr lhDd]jf/L, ;|f]t ;fwg / k|zf;gsf]
;fem]bf/L ub}{ ;'dw'/ / ;xof]ufTds ;DaGwsf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/ ug]{ .
;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kfGt/0f ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ :j:y / ;Eo ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; u/L ;fdflhs ;';DaGwdf
cfwfl/t ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{,
-@_ P]ltxfl;s, k'/ftflTjs tyf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f,
;+jw{g / ljsf;sf nflu cWoog, cg';Gwfg, pTvgg tyf
k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{,
-#_ ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;]jfd"ns sfo{df :yfgLo
;d'bfosf] l;h{gzLntfsf] k|jw{g / kl/rfng u/L :yfgLo
hg;xeflutf clej[l4 ub}{ ;fd'bflos ljsf; ug]{,
-$_ /fli6o ;Dkbfsf] kdf /x]sf snf, ;flxTo / ;Ltsf]
ljsf;df hf]8 lbg],
-%_ ;dfhdf ljBdfg wd{, k|yf, k/Dk/f, /Llt tyf ;+:sf/sf
gfddf x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf lje]b, c;dfgtf, zf]if0f /
cGofosf] cGt ug]{,
-^_ b]zsf] ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf sfod /fVb} ;dfgtf Pj+
;xcl:tTjsf cfwf/df ljleGg hfthflt / ;d'bfosf]
efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, ;flxTo, snf, rnlrq / ;Dkbfsf]
;+/If0f / ljsf; ug]{,
-&_ ax'eflifs gLlt cjnDag ug{] .
cy{, pBf]u / jfl0fHo ;DaGwL gLlt M
22

-!_

;fj{hlgs, lghL / ;xsf/L If]qsf] ;xeflutf / :jtGq

ljsf; dfkm{t /fli6o cy{tGq ;'b[9 ug]{,
-@_ cy{tGqdf lghL If]qsf] e"ldsfnfO{ dxTj lbb} pknAw
;fwg / ;|f]tsf] clwstd kl/rfng u/L cfly{s ;d[l4
xfl;n ug{],
-#_ ;xsf/L If]qnfO{ k|jw{g ub{} /fli6o ljsf;df cTolws
kl/rfng ug{],
-$_ cfly{s If]qsf ;a} ultljlwdf :jR5tf, hjfkmb]xL /
k|lt:kwf{ sfod ug{ lgodgsf] Joj:yf ub}{ ;jf{+uL0f
/fli6o ljsf;df k|f]T;fxg / kl/rfng ug]{,
-%_ pknAw ;fwg, ;|f]t tyf cfly{s ljsf;sf] k|ltkmnsf]
Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug]{,
-^_ t'ngfTds nfesf If]qsf] klxrfg u/L pBf]usf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/f/f lgof{t k|jw{g ub{} j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] ahf/
ljljwLs/0f / lj:tf/ ug{],
-&_ sfnfahf/L, Psflwsf/, s[lqd cefj l;h{gf ug]{ /
k|lt:kwf{ lgoGq0f h:tf sfo{sf] cGTo ub{} /fli6o
cy{tGqnfO{ k|lt:kwL{ agfO{ Jofkfl/s :jR5tf / cg'zf;g
sfod u/L pkef]Qmfsf] lxt ;+/If0f ug]{,
-*_ /fli6o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf nflu /fli6o pBf]uwGbf /
;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g u/L g]kfnL >d, ;Lk /
sRrf kbfy{df cfwfl/t :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg],
-(_ /fli6o cy{tGqsf] ljsf;sf nflu :jb]zL nufgLnfO{
k|fyldstf lbg],
-!)_ /fli6o lxt cg's"n cfoft k|lt:yfkg, lgof{t k|jw{gsf
If]qdf j}b]lzs k"FhL tyf k|ljlwsf] nufgLnfO{ cfslif{t ub{}
k"jf{wf/ ljsf;df k|f]T;fxg Pj+ kl/rfng ug]{,
-!!_ j}b]lzs ;xfotf ln+bf /fli6o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfnfO{
cfwf/ agfpFb} o;nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg] / j}b]lzs
;xfotfaf6 k|fKt /sd /fli6o ah]6df ;dflxt ug]{,

23

-_

-r_

-!@_ u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnLxsf] 1fg, ;Lk, k|ljlw / k"FhLnfO{

/fli6o ljsf;df pkof]u ug]{,
-!#_ cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/, ljz]if cfly{s If]q, /fli6o kl/of]hgf,
ljb]zL nufgLsf kl/of]hgfsf] ;Gbe{df cGt/ k|b]z tyf
k|b]z / ;+3 aLr ;dGjo :yflkt u/fO{ cfly{s ljsf;nfO{
ultzLntf k|bfg ug{] .
s[lif / e"ld;'wf/ ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ e"lddf /x]sf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTj cGTo ub}{ ls;fgsf] lxtnfO{
Wofgdf /fvL j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ ug]{,
-@_ cg'kl:yt e":jfldTjnfO{ lg?T;flxt ub}{ hUufsf]
rSnfaGbL u/L pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj j[l4 ug{],
-#_ ls;fgsf] xs lxt ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ub{} s[lifsf] pTkfbg /
pTkfbsTj a9fpg e"pkof]u gLltsf] cjnDag u/L e"ldsf]
Joj:yfkg / s[lifsf] Joj;foLs/0f, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f,
ljljwLs/0f / cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{],
-$_ e"ldsf] pTkfbgzLntf, k|s[lt tyf jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ng
;d]tsf cfwf/df lgodg / Joj:yfkg ub}{ To;sf]
;d'lrt pkof]u ug]{,
-%_ s[ifssf nflu s[lif ;fdu|L, s[lif pkhsf] plrt d"No /
ahf/df kx'Frsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
ljsf; ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ If]qLo ;Gt'ng ;lxtsf] ;dfj]zL cfly{s ljsf;sf nflu
If]qLo ljsf;sf] of]hgf cGtu{t lbuf] ;fdflhs cfly{s
ljsf;sf /0fgLlt / sfo{qmdx th{'df u/L ;dGjofTds
tj/n] sfof{Gjog ug{],
-@_ ljsf;sf b[li6n] k5fl8 k/]sf If]qnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b}
;Gt'lnt, jftfj/0f cg's"n, u'0f:t/Lo tyf lbuf] kdf
ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; ug]{,
-#_ ljsf; lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdf :yfgLo hg;xeflutf clej[l4
ug]{,

24

-$_

-5_

j}1flgs cWoog cg';Gwfg Pj+ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf]

cfljisf/, pGgog / ljsf;df nufgL clej[l4 ug]{] tyf
j}1flgs, k|fljlws, af}l4s / ljlzi6 k|ltefxsf] ;+/If0f
ug]{,
-%_ /fli6o cfjZostf cg';f/ ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/ u/L To;df ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] ;xh / ;/n
kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf /fli6o ljsf;df ;"rgf
k|ljlwsf] pRrtd pkof]u ug]{,
-^_ ljsf;sf] k|ltkmn ljt/0fdf ljkGg gful/snfO{
k|fyldstf lb+b} cfd hgtfn] Gofof]lrt kdf kfpg]
Joj:yf ug]{],
-&_ PsLs[t /fli6o kl/ro Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL ljsf;
u/L gful/ssf ;a} k|sf/sf ;"rgf / ljj/0fx PsLs[t
kdf Joj:yfkg ug]{ tyf o;nfO{ /fHoaf6 pknAw x'g]
;]jf ;'ljwf / /fli6o ljsf; of]hgf;Fu cfa4 ug]{,
-*_ hg;f+lVos tYof+snfO{ cBfjlws ub}{ /fli6o ljsf;
of]hgf;Fu cfa4 ug]{ .
k|fs[lts ;fwg ;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / pkof]u ;DaGwL
gLlt M
-!_ /fli6o lxt cg's"n tyf cGt/k':tf ;dGofosf]
dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ub}{ b]zdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f]t
;fwgsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / jftfj/0f cg's"n lbuf] kdf
pkof]u ug]{ / :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ k|fyldstf /
cu|flwsf/ lb+b} k|fKt k|ltkmnxsf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0f
ug]{,
-@_ hg;xeflutfdf cfwfl/t :jb]zL nufgLnfO{ k|fyldstf
lb+b} hn;|f]tsf] ax'pkof]uL ljsf; ug]{,
-#_ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] pTkfbg tyf ljsf; ub}{ gful/ssf
cfwf/e"t cfjZostf kl/k"lt{sf nflu ;'ky / ;'ne
kdf e/kbf]{ pmhf{sf] cfk"lt{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ tyf
pmhf{sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug]{,

25

-$_

-h_

hnpTkGg k|sf]k lgoGq0f / gbLsf] Joj:yfkg ub}{ lbuf]

/ e/kbf]{ l;+rfOsf] ljsf; ug]{,
-%_ hg;fwf/0fdf jftfj/0fLo :jR5tf ;DaGwL r]tgf a9fO{
cf}Bf]lus Pj+ ef}lts ljsf;af6 jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg]
hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ jg, jGohGt', kIfL, jg:klt
tyf h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / lbuf] pkof]u
ug]{,
-^_ jftfj/0fLo ;Gt'ngsf nflu cfjZos e"efudf jg If]q
sfod /fVg],
-&_ k|s[lt, jftfj/0f jf h}ljs ljljwtfdfly gsf/fTds
c;/ k/]sf] jf kg{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf gsf/fTds
jftfj/0fLo k|efj lgd"{n jf Go"g ug{ pko'Qm pkfox
cjnDag ug]{,
-*_ jftfj/0f k|b"if0f ug{]n] ;f] afkt bfloTj Aoxf]g{'kg{] tyf
jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf k"j{;fjwfgL / k"j{;"lrt ;xdlt
h:tf kof{j/0fLo lbuf] ljsf;sf l;4fGt cjnDag ug]{,
-(_ k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 x'g] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{ k"j{ ;"rgf,
tof/L, p4f/, /fxt Pj+ k'g:yf{kgf ug{] .
gful/ssf cfwf/e"t cfjZostf ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ lzIffnfO{ j}1flgs, k|fljlws, Jofj;flos, ;Lkd"ns,
/f]huf/d"ns Pj+ hgd'vL agfpFb} ;Ifd, k|lt:kwL{,
g}lts Pj+ /fli6o lxtk|lt ;dlk{t hgzlQm tof/ ug]{,
-@_ lzIff If]qdf /fHosf] nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ lzIffdf ePsf]
lghL If]qsf] nufgLnfO{ lgodg / Joj:yfkg u/L
;]jfd"ns agfpg],
-#_ pRr lzIffnfO{ ;xh, u'0f:t/Lo / kx'Fr of]Uo agfO{
qmdzM lgMz'Ns agfpFb} n}hfg],
-$_ gful/ssf] JolQmTj ljsf;sf nflu ;fd'bflos ;"rgf
s]Gb| / k':tsfnosf] :yfkgf / k|jw{g ug]{,
-%_ gful/snfO{ :j:y agfpg /fHon] hg:jf:Yosf] If]qdf
cfjZos nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ hfg],
26

-^_
-&_

-*_

-(_

-!)_

-!!_
-!@_

-!#_

-!$_

-!%_
-em_ >d /

u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jfdf ;a}sf] ;xh, ;'ne / ;dfg

kxF'r ;'lglZrt ug{]{,
g]kfnsf] k/Dk/fut lrlsT;f k4ltsf] kdf /x]sf]
cfo'j{]lbs, k|fs[lts lrlsT;f / xf]ldof]k]lys nufot
:jf:Yo k4ltsf] ;+/If0f / k|jw{g ug{],
:jf:Yo If]qdf /fHosf] nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ o; If]qdf
ePsf] lghL nufgLnfO{ lgodg / Joj:yfkg u/L
;]jfd"ns agfpg],
:jf:Yo ;]jfnfO{ ;j{;'ne / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg :jf:Yo
cg';Gwfgdf hf]8 lb+b} :jf:Yo ;+:yf / :jf:YosdL{sf]
;+Vof j[l4 ub}{ hfg],
g]kfnsf] Ifdtf / cfjZostfsf cfwf/df hg;+Vof
Joj:yfkgsf nflu kl/jf/ lgof]hgnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ub}{
dft[ lzz' d[To'b/ 36fO{ cf};t cfo' a9fpg],
cJojl:yt a;f]af;nfO{ Joj:yfkg ug{] tyf of]hgfa4
/ Jojl:yt a:tL ljsf; ug]{,
s[lif If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 ub}{ vfB ;Dk|e'tfsf] dfGotf
cg'k hnjfo' / df6f] cg's"nsf] vfBfGg pTkfbgnfO{
k|f]T;fxg u/L vfBfGgsf] lbuf] pTkfbg, cfk"lt{, ;~ro,
;'/Iff / ;'ne tyf k|efjsf/L ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
cfwf/e"t j:t' tyf ;]jfdf ;a} gful/sxsf] ;dfg
kxF'r ;'lglZrt ub}{ b'u{d / k5fl8 kfl/Psf] If]qnfO{
ljz]if k|fyldstf lbO{ of]hgfa4 cfk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ug]{,
oftfoft ;'ljwfdf gful/sxsf] ;/n, ;xh / ;dfg
kxF'r ;'lglZrt ub}{ oftfoft If]qdf nufgL clej[l4 ug]{
/ jftfj/0f cg's"n k|ljlwnfO{ k|fyldstf lb+b} ;fj{hlgs
oftfoftnfO{ k|f]T;fxg / lghL oftfoftnfO{ lgodg u/L
oftfoft If]qnfO{ ;'/lIft, Jojl:yt / ckf+utf ePsf
JolQm cg's"n agfpg],
gful/ssf] :jf:Yo aLdf ;'lglZrt ub{} :jf:Yo pkrf/df
kx'Frsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .
/f]huf/ ;DaGwL gLlt M
27

-!_

-`_

;a}n] sfd ug{ kfpg] cj:yf ;'lglZrt ub}{ b]zsf] d'Vo

;fdflhs cfly{s zlQmsf] kdf /x]sf] >dzlQmnfO{ bIf
/ Jofj;flos agfpg] / :jb]zdf g} /f]huf/L clej[l4
ug]{,
-@_ dof{lbt >dsf] cjwf/0ff cg'k ;a} >ldssf]
cfwf/e"t clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ub}{ ;fdflhs ;'/Iff
k|Tofe"t ug]{,
-#_ afn>d nufot >d zf]if0fsf ;a} ksf] cGTo ug]{,
-$_ >lds / pBdL Joj;foLaLr ;';DaGw sfod ub{}
Joj:yfkgdf >ldssf] ;xeflutf k|f]T;fxg ug{],
-%_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/LnfO{ zf]if0fd'Qm, ;'/lIft / Jojl:yt ug{
tyf >ldssf] /f]huf/L / clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ o;
If]qsf] lgodg / Joj:yfkg ug]{,
-^_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfh{g ePsf] kF"hL, ;Lk, k|ljlw /
cg'ejnfO{ :jb]zdf pTkfbgd"ns If]qdf nufpg
k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
;fdflhs Gofo / ;dfj]zLs/0f ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ c;xfo cj:yfdf /x]sf Psn dlxnfnfO{ ;Lk, Ifdtf /
of]Uotfsf] cfwf/df /f]huf/Ldf k|fyldstf lb+b}
hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu ;d'lrt Joj:yf ub}{ hfg],
-@_ hf]lvddf k/]sf, ;fdflhs / kfl/jfl/s alxis/0fdf
k/]sf tyf lx+;f kLl8t dlxnfnfO{ k'gM:yfkgf, ;+/If0f,
;zQmLs/0f u/L :jfjnDaL agfpg],
-#_ k|hgg cj:yfdf cfjZos ;]jf ;'ljwf pkef]usf]
;'lglZrttf ug]{,
-$_ afnaRrfsf] kfng kf]if0f, kl/jf/sf] x]/rfx h:tf sfd
/ of]ubfgnfO{ cfly{s kdf d"Nof+sg ug]{],
-%_ afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{]Qd lxtnfO{ k|fylds kdf Wofg
lbg],
-^_ d'Qm sd}of, sDxn/L, x/jf, r/jf, xlnof, e"ldxLg,
;'s'Daf;Lxsf] klxrfg u/L a;f]af;sf nflu 3/ 38]/L
28

-&_

-*_

-(_

-!)_

-!!_

-!@_

-!#_

tyf hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu s[lifof]Uo hdLg jf

/f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ub}{ k'gM:yfkgf ug]{,
/fli6o ljsf;df o'jf ;xeflutf clej[l4 ub}{ /fhgLlts,
cfly{s, ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts clwsf/xsf] k"0f{
pkof]usf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug]{, o'jfsf] ;zQmLs/0f /
ljsf;sf nflu lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L nufotsf If]qdf
ljz]if cj;/ k|bfg ub}{ JolQmTj ljsf; ug{] tyf
/fHosf] ;jf+{uL0f ljsf;df of]ubfgsf nflu pko'Qm
cj;/ k|bfg ug]{,
cflbjf;L hghfltsf] klxrfg ;lxt ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg
kfpg] clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ug{ cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu
ljz]if Joj:yf ub}{ o; ;d'bfo;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg]
lg0f{oxdf ;xefuL u/fpg] tyf cflbjf;L hghflt /
:yfgLo ;d'bfosf] k/Dk/fut 1fg, ;Lk, ;+:s[lt,
;fdflhs k/Dk/f / cg'ejnfO{ ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ug]{],
cNk;+Vos ;d'bfonfO{ cfgf] klxrfg sfod /fvL
;fdflhs / ;+f:s[lts clwsf/ k|of]usf] cj;/ tyf
nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,
dw]zL ;d'bfo, d'l:nd / lk58f ju{nfO{ cfly{s,
;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts cj;/ / nfesf] ;dfg ljt/0f
tyf To:tf ;d'bfoleqsf ljkGg gful/ssf] ;+/If0f,
pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f / ljsf;sf cj;/ tyf nfesf
nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,
pTkLl8t tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf gful/ssf] ;+/If0f,
pTyfg, ;zQmLs/0f, ljsf; / cfwf/e"t cfjZostf
kl/k"lt{sf cj;/ tyf nfesf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{,
;fdflhs ;'/Iff / ;fdflhs Gofo k|bfg ubf{ ;a} ln+u,
If]q / ;d'bfoleqsf cfly{s kn] ljkGgnfO{ k|fyldstf
k|bfg ug]{,
:j:y, ;Ifd / cg'zfl;t gful/s tof/ ug{ v]ns"b
tyf v]nf8Ldf of]hgfa4 nufgL ug]{ / v]ns"bnfO{
/fli6o Pstf ;'b[9 ug]{ Pj+ cGt/f{li6o If]qdf /fli6o
;Ddfg clej[l4 ug{]{ dfWodsf] kdf ljsf; ug]{,
29

-!$_ ;fd'bflos tyf /fli6o jf cGt/f{li6o u}/;/sf/L ;+3

;+:yfsf] nufgL / e"ldsfnfO{ hjfkmb]xL / kf/bzL{
agfpFb} To:tf ;+:yfxsf] :yfkgf, :jLs[lt, ;~rfng,
lgodg / Joj:yfkgsf nflu Psf/ k|0ffnL ckgfpg] /
/fli6o cfjZostf / k|fyldstfsf If]qdf dfq To:tf
;+3 ;+:yfxnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .
-6_ Gofo / b08 Joj:yf ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf], ;j{;'ne, ldtJooL,
lgikIf, k|efjsf/L / hgpQ/bfoL agfpg],
-@_ ;fdfGo k|s[ltsf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf nflu d]nldnfk,
dWo:ytf h:tf j}slNks pkfox cjnDag ug]{,
-#_ /fhgLlts, k|zf;lgs, Goflos, ;fdflhs nufot ;a}
If]qsf] e|i6frf/ / clgoldttf lgoGq0fsf nflu
k|efjsf/L pkfo cjnDag ug]{ .
-7_ ko{6g ;DaGwL gLlt M g]kfnsf P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s,
k'/ftflTjs / k|fs[lts ;Dkbfxsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f, k|jw{g Pj+
k|rf/ k|;f/ dfkm{t /fli6o cy{tGqsf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf] kdf
kof{j/0f cg's"n ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; ug]{, ko{6g ;+:s[ltsf]
ljsf; ug{ cfjZos jftfj/0f Pj+ gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ tyf
ko{6g pBf]usf] nfe ljt/0fdf :yfgLo hgtfnfO{ k|fyldstf
lbg] .
-8_ cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw ;DaGwL gLlt M
-!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, :jfwLgtf /
/fli6o lxtsf] /Iff ug{ lqmofzLn /xFb} ;+o'Qm /fi6;+3sf]
a8fkq, c;+nUgtf, k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt, cGt/f{li6o
sfg"g / ljZjzflGtsf] dfGotfsf cfwf/df /fi6sf]
;jf]{kl/ lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL :jtGq k//fi6 gLlt
;~rfng ug]{,
-@_ ljutdf ePsf ;lGwxsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ub}{ ;dfgtf /
kf/:kl/s lxtsf] cfwf/df ;lGw ;Demf}tfx ug]{ .
%@= /fHosf] bfloTj M g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf /
:jfwLgtfnfO{ cIf'00f /fVb} df}lns xs tyf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f /
30

;+jw{{g, /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGtxsf] cg';/0f tyf /fHosf gLltxsf]

qmdzM sfof{Gjog ub}{ g]kfnnfO{ ;d[4 tyf ;d'Ggt agfpg] /fHosf]
bfloTj x'g]5 .
%#= k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{] M o; efudf plNnlvt /fHosf lgb]{zs l;4fGt, gLlt
/ bfloTj sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf sfd / k|fKt pknlAw ;lxtsf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6kltn]
To:tf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf
ug]{5 .
%$= cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M o; efudf plNnlvt /fHosf lgb]{zs
l;4fGt, gLlt / bfloTjsf] k|ultzLn sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] cg'udg /
d"Nof+sg ug{ ;+3Lo ;+;bdf sfg"g adf]lhd Ps ;ldlt /xg]5 .
%%= cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg g;lsg] M o; efudf n]lvPsf s'g} ljifo
sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg ;lsg]
5}g .

31

efu%
/fHosf] ;+/rgf / /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8
%^= /fHosf] ;+/rgf M -!_ ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] d"n ;+/rgf
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] /fHozlQmsf] k|of]u ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] o;
;+ljwfg tyf sfg"g adf]lhd ug{] 5g\ .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt g]kfndf sfod /x]sf
cg';"rL$ df pNn]v eP adf]lhdsf lhNnfx /x]sf k|b]z /xg]5g\ .
-$_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{t ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;ef
/xg]5g\ . ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfdf /xg] j8fsf] ;+Vof ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd ;fdflhs ;f+:s[lts ;+/If0f jf cfly{s
ljsf;sf nflu ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]q sfod ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-^_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, :jfwLgtf, /fli6o lxt, ;jf{+uL0f ljsf;, ax'bnLo
k|lt:kwf{Tds nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL, dfgj
clwsf/ tyf df}lns xs, sfg"gL /fHo, zlQm k[ysLs/0f / lgoGq0f tyf
;Gt'ng, ax'ntf / ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t ;dtfd"ns ;dfh, ;dfj]zL
k|ltlglwTj / klxrfgsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ 5g\ .
%&= /fHozlQmsf] afF8kmfF8 M -!_ ;+3sf] clwsf/ cg';"rL% df plNnlvt
ljifodf lglxt /xg]5 / To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ k|b]zsf] clwsf/ cg';"rL^ df plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt
/xg]5 / To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg / k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-#_ ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/ cg';"rL& df plNnlvt
ljifodf lglxt /xg]5 / To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg, ;+3Lo
sfg"g / k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ cg';"rL* df plNnlvt ljifodf
lglxt /xg]5 / To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg / ufpF ;ef jf
gu/ ;efn] agfPsf] sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/ cg';"rL( df
plNnlvt ljifodf lglxt /xg]]5 / To:tf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u of] ;+ljwfg /
32

;+3Lo sfg"g, k|b]z sfg"g / ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efn] agfPsf] sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -#_ jf -%_ adf]lhd k|b]z ;ef, ufpF ;ef jf gu/
;efn] sfg"g agfpFbf ;+3Lo sfg"g;Fu gaflemg] u/L agfpg' kg{]5 /
k|b]z ;ef, ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efn] agfPsf] To:tf] sfg"g ;+3Lo
sfg"g;Fu aflemPdf aflemPsf] xb;Dd cfdfGo x'g]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efn] sfg"g
agfpFbf k|b]z sfg"g;Fu gaflemg] u/L agfpg' kg{]5 / ufpF ;ef jf
gu/ ;efn] agfPsf] To:tf] sfg"g k|b]z sfg"g;Fu aflemPdf aflemPsf]
xb;Dd cfdfGo x'g]5 .
%*= cjlzi6 clwsf/ M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3, k|b]z tyf :yfgLo txsf]
clwsf/sf] ;"rL jf ;femf ;"rLdf pNn]v gePsf] jf of] ;+ljwfgdf s'g}
txn] k|of]u ug{] u/L gtf]lsPsf] ljifodf ;+3sf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
%(= cfly{s clwsf/sf] k|of]u M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfgf]
clwsf/leqsf] cfly{s clwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifodf sfg"g agfpg], jflif{s
ah]6 agfpg], lg0f{o ug]{, gLlt tyf of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / To;sf]
sfof{Gjog ug]{ 5g\ .
-@_ ;+3n] ;femf ;"rLsf ljifodf / cfly{s clwsf/sf cGo If]qdf
k|b]znfO{ ;d]t nfu" x'g] u/L cfjZos gLlt, dfkb08 / sfg"g agfpg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfcfgf] txsf] ah]6 agfpg] 5g\
/ k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] ah]6 k]z ug]{ ;do ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
-$_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn]] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] k|of]u jf
ljsf;af6 k|fKt nfesf] ;dGoflos ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 . To:tf]
nfesf] lglZrt c+z /f]oN6L, ;]jf jf j:t'sf] kdf kl/of]hgf k|efljt
If]q / :yfgLo ;d'bfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd ljt/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ubf{
:yfgLo ;d'bfon] nufgL ug{ rfx]df nufgLsf] k|s[lt / cfsf/sf]
cfwf/df sfg"g adf]lhdsf] c+z nufgL ug{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg{]5 .

33

-^_ j}b]lzs ;xfotf / C0f lng] clwsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] x'g]5 .

To:tf] ;xfotf jf C0f ln+bf b]zsf] ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj x'g] u/L
lng' kg]{5 .
-&_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] ah]6 3f6f Joj:yfkg tyf cGo
ljQLo cg'zf;g ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^)= /fh:j ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] cfgf] cfly{s
clwsf/If]q leqsf] ljifodf s/ nufpg / tL ;|f]txaf6 /fh:j
p7fpg ;Sg]5g\ .
t/ ;femf ;"rLleqsf] ljifodf / s'g} klg txsf] ;"rLdf gk/]sf
ljifodf s/ nufpg] / /fh:j p7fpg] Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f
u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+sng u/]sf] /fh:j ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo
txnfO{ Gofof]lrt ljt/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg]5 .
-#_ k|b]z / :yfgLo txn] k|fKt ug]{ ljQLo x:tfGt/0fsf] kl/df0f
/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|b]z / :yfgLo txnfO{ vr{sf] cfjZostf /
/fh:jsf] Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg ljt/0f ug]{5 .
-%_ k|b]zn] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg / cfk\mgf] ;|f]taf6
p7\g] /fh:jnfO{ dftxtsf] :yfgLo txsf] vr{sf] cfjZostf / /fh:j
Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd ljQLo ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg
ljt/0f ug{] 5g\ .
-^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|bfg ug{] ;zt{
cg'bfg, ;dk"/s cg'bfg jf cGo k|of]hgsf nflu lbg] ljz]if cg'bfg
ljt/0f ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-&_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLr /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{
;Gt'lnt / kf/bzL{ kdf ug{' kg{]5 .
-*_ /fh:j afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL ;+3Lo P]g agfpFbf /fli6o gLlt,
/fli6o cfjZostf, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] :jfoQtf, k|b]z / :yfgLo
txn] hgtfnfO{ k'ofpg' kg]{ ;]jf / pgLxnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] cfly{s
clwsf/, /fh:j p7fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf, /fh:jsf] ;DefJotf / pkof]u,
ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ug'{kg]{ ;xof]u, If]qLo c;Gt'ng, u/LaL / c;dfgtfsf]
34

Go"gLs/0f, jl~rtLs/0fsf] cGTo, cfsl:ds sfo{ / c:yfoL cfjZostf

k"/f ug{{ ;xof]u ug'{ kg]{ ljifoxdf Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .

35

efu^
/fi6klt / pk/fi6klt
^!= /fi6klt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fi6klt /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6klt g]kfnsf] /fi6fWoIf x'g]5 . lghn] o; ;+ljwfg /
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
-#_ /fi6kltn] g]kfnsf] /fli6o Pstfsf] k|jw{g ug{]5 .
-$_ ;+ljwfgsf] kfng / ;+/If0f ug'{ /fi6kltsf] k|d'v st{Jo
x'g]5 .
^@= /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg M -!_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o /
k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o dtbftf /x]sf] lgjf{rs d08naf6 x'g]5 . ;+3Lo
;+;bsf ;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] dtef/ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
km/s x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|b]zdf
k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg gePsf sf/0fn] dfq /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg
k|of]hgsf nflu lgjf{rs d08n u7g ug{ afwf k/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rs d08nsf] tTsfn sfod
/x]sf] s'n dtsf] ax'dt k|fKt ug]{ JolQm /fi6klt lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd s'g} pDd]bjf/n] ax'dt k|fKt ug{
g;s]df ;a}eGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{ b'O{ pDd]bjf/x aLr dtbfg x'g]5
/ To:tf] dtbfgdf s'n dtsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{
pDd]bjf/ /fi6klt lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhdsf] dtbfgaf6 ;d]t s'g} pDd]bjf/n]
s'n dtsf] krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df k'gM dtbfg
x'g]5 . To:tf] dtbfgdf v;]sf] s'n ;b/ dtsf] a9L dt k|fKt ug{]
pDd]bjf/ /fi6klt lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .
-^_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] /fhgLlts kbdf axfn
/x]sf]] JolQm o; wf/f adf]lhd /fi6klt lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf]
kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .
-&_ /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
36

^#= /fi6kltsf] kbfjlw M -!_ /fi6kltsf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePsf] /fi6kltn] csf{]
lgjf{lrt /fi6kltn] kbef/ g;Dxfn];Dd o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] sfo{
;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
^$= /fi6kltsf] of]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fi6klt x'gsf
nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf],
-v_ sDtLdf k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-u_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b'O{ k6s
/fi6klt lgjf{lrt eO;s]sf] JolQm /fi6kltsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g
;Sg] 5}g .
^%= /fi6kltsf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf /fi6kltsf] kb
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] pk/fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
^^= /fi6kltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fi6kltn] of] ;+ljwfg jf ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd lghnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st{Josf] kfng
ug{]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd clwsf/sf] k|of]u jf st{Josf] kfng
ubf{ of] ;+ljwfg jf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Lsf]
l;kmfl/;df ul/g] egL ls6fgL;fy Joj:yf ePsf] sfo{ afx]s
/fi6kltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] cGo h'g;'s} sfo{ dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/; /
;Ddltaf6 x'g]5 . To:tf] l;kmfl/; / ;Ddlt k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t k]z
x'g]5 .

37

^&=

^*=

^(=
&)=

&!=

&@=

&#=

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd /fi6kltsf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z

/ tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
pk/fi6klt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps pk/fi6klt /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltsf] cg'kl:yltdf /fi6kltaf6 ul/g] sfo{x
pk/fi6kltaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g]5 .
-#_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] /fhgLlts kbdf axfn
/x]sf]] s'g} JolQm pk/fi6kltsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt ePdf lghsf] To:tf] kb
:jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .
pk/fi6kltsf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
pk/fi6kltsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
pk/fi6klt ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M pk/fi6kltsf] of]Uotf, lgjf{rg
k|lqmof, kbfjlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf /fi6kltsf] ;/x x'g]5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6klt km/s km/s ln+u jf ;d'bfosf] x'g] M o; ;+ljwfg
adf]lhd /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg km/s km/s ln+u jf
;d'bfosf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L ug{' kg{]5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] zky M /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltn] cfgf] sfo{ef/
;DxfNg' cl3 ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd /fi6kltn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf /
pk/fi6kltn] /fi6klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf M /fi6klt /
pk/fi6kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 /
To:tf] P]g gag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] sfof{no M -!_ /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] sfo{
;Dkfbgsf nflu 5'f5'} sfof{no /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfof{nosf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng
ug{ cfjZos sd{rf/L tyf cGo Joj:yf g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{5 .
38

efu&
;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf
&$= zf;sLo :jk M g]kfnsf] zf;sLo :jk ax'njfbdf cfwfl/t
ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds ;+;bLo zf;g
k|0ffnL x'g]5 .
&%= sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M -!_ g]kfnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg /
sfg"g adf]lhd dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x'g]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL g]kfnsf] zf;g
Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f
dlGqkl/ifbdf x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfd g]kfn
;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf
cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
&^= dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M -!_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;efdf ax'dt k|fKt
;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] cWoIftfdf
dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efdf s'g} klg bnsf] :ki6
ax'dt g/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b'O{ jf b'O{
eGbf a9L bnxsf] ;dy{gdf ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] k|ltlglw ;efsf]
;b:onfO{ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-#_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf]
ldltn] tL; lbgleq pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg]
cj:yf gePdf jf To;/L lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;efdf ;a}eGbf
a9L ;b:ox ePsf] bnsf] ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm
ug]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] To;/L
lgo'Qm ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq k|ltlglw ;efaf6 ljZjf;sf] dt
k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
39

-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_

adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g}
;b:on] k|ltlglw ;efdf ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] cfwf/ k|:t't
u/]df /fi6kltn] To:tf] ;b:onfO{ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -$_
adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt
ug{ g;s]df jf k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df
/fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g u/L 5 dxLgfleq csf]{ k|ltlglw ;efsf]
lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g] u/L lgjf{rgsf] ldlt tf]Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ePsf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf]
clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] jf k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] ldltn]
k}+tL; lbgleq o; wf/f adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm ;DaGwL k|lqmof
;DkGg ug'{ kg{]5 .
-(_ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf
;b:odWo]af6 ;dfj]zL l;4fGt adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL ;lxt a9Ldf kRrL;
hgf dGqL /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb u7g ug]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; efusf] k|of]hgsf nflu dGqL eGgfn] pkk|wfgdGqL,
dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqL ;Demg' k5{ .
-!)_ k|wfgdGqL / dGqL ;fd"lxs kdf ;+3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL
x'g]5g\ / dGqL cfgf] dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut kdf
k|wfgdGqL / ;+3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .
&&= k|wfgdGqL tyf dGqLsf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ wf/f !)) adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t x'g g;s]df
jf lghsf] lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t ePdf,
-u_ lgh k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf dGqLsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
40

&*=

&(=

*)=

*!=

-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ k|wfgdGqLn] lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df,
-u_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ jf -u_ adf]lhd
k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf csf]{
dlGqkl/ifb u7g geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
t/ k|wfgdGqLsf] d[To' ePdf csf{] k|wfgdGqL lgo'lQm geP;Ddsf
nflu jl/i7td dGqLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL x'g] M -!_ wf/f &^ sf] pkwf/f
-(_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf]
l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ dGqL kbdf
lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dGqLn] zkyu|x0f u/]sf] ldltn]
5 dxLgfleq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:otf
k|fKt ug{ g;s]df tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfne/ lgh
dGqL kbdf k'gM lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tTsfn
sfod /x]sf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k/flht ePsf] JolQm To:tf]
k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfndf pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd dGqL kbdf lgo'lQmsf
nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
k|wfgdGqL / dGqLsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf M k|wfgdGqL / dGqLsf]
kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To:tf] P]g
gag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
zky M k|wfgdGqL, pkk|wfgdGqL / dGqLn] /fi6klt ;dIf tyf /fHodGqL
/ ;xfos dGqLn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf cfgf]] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
/fi6kltnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] M k|wfgdGqLn] b]xfosf ljifoxdf
/fi6kltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5 M
41

-s_
-v_
-u_

dlGqkl/ifbsf lg0f{o,
;+3Lo ;+;bdf k]z ul/g] ljw]os,
v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt ljifodf /fi6kltn] hfgsf/L
dfu]sf] cGo cfjZos ljj/0f, /
-3_ g]kfnsf] ;d;fdlos kl/l:ylt / j}b]lzs ;DaGwsf
ljifo .
*@= g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t
lgodfjnL adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfng eof] jf ePg eGg]
k|Zg s'g} cbfntdf p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

42

efu*
;+3Lo Joj:yflksf
*#= ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf M k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6o ;ef gfdsf b'O{ ;bg
;lxtsf] Ps ;+3Lo Joj:yflksf x'g]5 h;nfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;b elgg]5 .
*$= k|ltlglw ;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|ltlglw ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf b'O{ ;o
krxQ/ ;b:o /xg]5g\ M
-s_ g]kfnnfO{ e"uf]n / hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df Ps ;o k}+;L
lgjf{rg If]q sfod u/L k|To]s lgjf{rg If]qaf6 Ps hgf
/xg] u/L klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd
lgjf{lrt x'g] Ps ;o k}+;L ;b:o,
-v_ ;Dk"0f{ b]znfO{ Ps lgjf{rg If]q dfgL /fhgLlts bnnfO{
dt lbg] ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt
x'g] Ps ;o bz ;b:o .
-@_ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw ;efsf]
lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw];L, yf, d'l:nd,
lk5l8Psf] If]q ;d]taf6 aGb ;"rLsf cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj u/fpg]
Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To;/L pDd]bjf/L lb+bf e"uf]n /
k|fb]lzs ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu v; cfo{ eGgfn] If]qL,
a|fDx0f, 7s'/L, ;+Gof;L -bzgfdL_ ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf
ckf+utf ePsf] JolQmsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd x'g] k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg
sfg"g adf]lhd uf]Ko dtbfgf/f x'g]5 .
-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} Ps lgjf{rg If]qdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:osf nflu x'g] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{
clwsf/ kfPsf] wf/f *& adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf] JolQm ;+3Lo sfg"gsf]
cwLgdf /xL s'g} klg lgjf{rg If]qaf6 pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg]5 .
43

t/ Pp6} JolQm PseGbf a9L lgjf{rg If]qdf Ps} k6s pDd]bjf/

x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-&_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L cjlw afFsL 5Fb}
s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf To:tf] :yfg h'g lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6
k"lt{ ePsf] lyof] ;f]xL k|lqmoff/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-*_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+3Lo
;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|To]s /fhgLlts bnaf6 lgjf{lrt s'n ;b:o
;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO ;b:o dlxnf x'g' kg]{5 . To;/L lgjf{lrt
ubf{ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ / wf/f *^ sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -s_
adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:ox dWo] s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] Ps ltxfO
;b:o dlxnf lgjf{lrt x'g g;s]df To:tf] /fhgLlts bnn] pkwf/f -!_
sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;b:o lgjf{lrt ubf{ cfgf] bnaf6 ;+3Lo
;+;bdf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'n ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO dlxnf ;b:o x'g]
u/L lgjf{lrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-(_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo ljifo ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*%= k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cufj} lj36g
ePsf]df afx]s k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+s6sfnLg
cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd
k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{df ga9\g] u/L yk ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd yk ul/Psf] k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn
;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z vf/]h ePsf] ldltn] 5 dxLgf
k'u]kl5 :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
*^= /fli6o ;efsf] u7g / ;b:oxsf] kbfjlw M -!_ /fli6o ;ef Ps :yfoL
;bg x'g]5 .
-@_ /fli6o ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf pgfG;f7L ;b:o /xg]5g\ M
-s_ k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o, ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf
tyf gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v /x]sf] lgjf{rs
d08nf/f ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o,
ufpFkflnsfsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf tyf gu/kflnsfsf
k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] dtsf] ef/ km/s x'g] u/L k|To]s
44

k|b]zaf6 sDtLdf tLg hgf dlxnf, Ps hgf blnt /

Ps hgf ckf+utf ePsf JolQm jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt
cf7 hgf u/L] lgjf{lrt 5kGg hgf,
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltaf6 dgf]gLt
sDtLdf Ps hgf dlxnf ;lxt tLg hgf .
-#_ /fli6o ;efsf ;b:oxsf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 . /fli6o
;efsf Ps ltxfO ;b:osf] kbfjlw k|To]s b'O{ jif{df ;dfKt x'g]5 .
t/ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 klxnf] k6s ;b:osf] kbfjlw
sfod ubf{ uf]nf k|yff/f Ps ltxfOsf] b'O{ jif{, csf]{ Ps ltxfOsf] rf/
jif{ / afFsL Ps ltxfOsf] 5 jif{sf] x'g] u/L kbfjlw sfod ul/g]5 .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 /fli6o ;efsf ;b:osf] klxnf]
k6s kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ /fli6o ;efsf] k|yd a}7s a;]sf] lbgaf6
;Dk"0f{ ;b:oxsf] kbfjlw k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 .
-%_ /fli6o ;efsf] l/Qm x'g cfpg] :yfgsf] k"lt{ To:tf] :yfg l/Qm
ug]{ ;b:osf] lgjf{rg jf dgf]gog h'g t/Lsfn] ePsf] lyof] ;f]xL
t/Lsfn] aFfsL cjlwsf nflu ul/g]5 .
-^_ /fli6o ;efsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
*&= ;b:osf nflu of]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfnsf] gful/s,
-v_ k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu kRrL; jif{ / /fli6o ;efsf
nflu k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],
-3_ s'g} ;+3Lo sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf], /
-_ s'g} nfesf] kbdf axfn g/x]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu nfesf]
kb eGgfn] lgjf{rg jf dgf]gogf/f k"lt{ ul/g]
/fhgLlts kb afx]s ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf
cfly{s ;'ljwf kfpg] cGo kb ;Demg' k5{ .
45

-@_ s'g} klg JolQm Ps} k6s b'j} ;bgsf] ;b:o x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-#_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] /fhgLlts kbdf axfn
/x]sf]] JolQm o; efu adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o kbdf lgjf{lrt jf
dgf]gLt ePdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o kbsf] zky u|x0f u/]sf] lbgb]lv
lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .
**= zky M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|To]s ;bgsf ;b:on] ;bg jf To;sf] s'g}
;ldltsf] a}7sdf klxnf] k6s efu lng' cl3 ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
zky lng' kg]{5 .
*(= :yfgsf] l/Qmtf M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:osf] :yfg
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] ;efd'v jf cWoIf ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] wf/f *& adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,
-u_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] sfo{sfn jf /fli6o ;ef ;b:osf] kbfjlw
;dfKt ePdf,
-3_ lgh ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ bzj6f
a}7sdf cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-_ h'g bnsf] pDd]bjf/ eO{ ;b:o lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] To:tf]
bnn] ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] s'/f
;"lrt u/]df,
-r_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
()= ;b:osf nflu cof]Uotf ;DaGwL lg0f{o M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;b:o wf/f
*& adf]lhd cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf] clGtd
lg0f{o ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;+j}wflgs Ohnf;n]] ug]{5 .
(!= k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v M -!_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] klxnf]
a}7s k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:oxn]
cfkm"dWo]af6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg
ug]{5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v /
pk;efd'v dWo] Ps hgf dlxnf x'g] u/L ug{' kg]{5 / k|ltlglw ;efsf]
;efd'v / pk;efd'v km/s km/s bnsf] k|ltlglw x'g' kg]{5 .
46

t/ k|ltlglw ;efdf PseGbf a9L bnsf] k|ltlglwTj gePsf] jf

k|ltlglwTj eP/ klg pDd]bjf/L glbPsf] cj:yfdf Ps} bnsf] ;b:o
k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v x'g afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm ePdf
k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:oxn] cfkm"dWo]af6 k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v /
pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg u/L l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ug]{ 5g\ .
-$_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'vsf] cg'kl:yltdf pk;efd'vn]
k|ltlglw ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-%_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg gePsf]
jf b'j} kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf
pkl:yt ;b:o dWo] pd]/sf] lx;fan] Ho]i7 ;b:on] ug]{5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v jf
pk;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lgh k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
t/ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf cfgf]
kbdf axfn /x]sf k|ltlglw ;efsf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v
k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu x'g] csf]{ lgjf{rgsf] pDd]bjf/L
bflvn ug]{ cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5g\ .
-v_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-u_ lghn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj k|ltlglw
;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{
ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf .
-&_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf]
eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf k|ltlglw ;efsf]
pk;efd'vn] ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf k|ltlglw ;efsf]
;efd'vn] efu lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .
(@= /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf M -!_ /fli6o ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s
k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq /fli6o ;efsf ;b:oxn]
cfkm"dWo]af6 /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf /
pkfWoIf dWo] Ps hgf dlxnf x'g] u/L ug{' kg]{5 .
47

-#_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] kb l/Qm ePdf /fli6o

;efsf ;b:oxn] cfkm"dWo]af6 /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf]
lgjf{rg u/L l/Qm :yfgsf] k"lt{ ug]{ 5g\ .
-$_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIfsf]] cg'kl:yltdf /fli6o ;efsf]
pkfWoIfn] /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-%_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] jf kb
l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf /fli6o ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkl:yt
;b:odWo] pd]/sf] lx;fan] Ho]i7 ;b:on] ug]{5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf]
kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lgh /fli6o ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-v_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-u_ lghn]] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj /fli6o
;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{
ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf .
-&_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIfn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg]
k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf /fli6o ;efsf] pkfWoIfn]
ug]{5 . To:tf] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIfn] efu lng /
dt lbg kfpg]5 .
(#= clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGTo M -!_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu
ePsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn] tL; lbgleq
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ug]{5 . To;kl5 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd
/fi6kltn] ;do ;dodf b'j} jf s'g} ;bgsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ug{]5 .
t/ Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf
aLrsf] cjlw 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} jf s'g} ;bgsf] clwj]zgsf]
cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zg rfn" g/x]sf] jf a}7s
:ylut ePsf] cj:yfdf clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL
k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:oxn] lnlvt
cg'/f]w u/]df To:tf] clwj]zg jf a}7s a:g] ldlt / ;do tf]Sg]5 .
48

($=

(%=

(^=

(&=

(*=

To;/L tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf k|ltlglw ;efsf] clwj]zg k|f/De x'g]

jf a}7s a:g]5 .
u0fk"/s ;+Vof M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]
s'g} klg ;bgsf] a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:o
pkl:yt geP;Dd s'g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't x'g] 5}g .
/fi6kltaf6 ;Daf]wg M -!_ /fi6kltn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] a}7s
jf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ / To;sf nflu ;b:osf]
pkl:ylt cfXjfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg kl5sf] klxnf] clwj]zg /
k|To]s jif{sf] klxnf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePkl5 ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf]
;+o'Qm a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{5 .
pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] b'j} ;bgsf] a}7sdf
efu lng kfpg] M pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL / ;xfos dGqLn]
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bg jf To;sf] ;ldltdf pkl:yt x'g / sf/afxL
tyf 5nkmndf efu lng kfpg] 5g\ .
t/ cfkm" ;b:o gePsf] ;bg jf To;sf] ;ldltdf dtbfg ug{
kfpg] 5}gg\ .
;ldltsf] u7g M -!_ k|ltlglw ;ef / /fli6o ;efn] ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd ;ldltx u7g ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'O{ ;bgsf aLrsf] sfo{k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt
ug{, s'g} ljw]osdf /x]sf] dtleGgtf cGTo ug{ jf cGo s'g} vf;
sfo{sf nflu b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm ;ldlt u7g ul/of];\ egL s'g} ;bgn]
k|:tfj kfl/t u/]df ;+o'Qm ;ldltsf] u7g ul/g]5 . To:tf] ;+o'Qm
;ldltdf k|ltlglw ;efsf ;b:o kfFr hgf / /fli6o ;efsf ;b:o Ps
hgfsf] cg'kftdf ;dfj]lztfsf] cfwf/df a9Ldf kRrL; hgf ;b:o
/xg]5g\ .
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;bgsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M ;+3Lo
;+;bsf]] s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm eP klg ;bgn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng
ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] sf/afxLdf efu lng gkfpg]
s'g} JolQmn] efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg eO;s]sf] sfo{
cdfGo x'g] 5}g .

49

((= dtbfg M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s ;+3Lo

;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgdf lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't ul/Psf] h'g;'s} k|:tfjsf]
lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ ;b:oxsf] ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 . cWoIftf
ug]{ JolQmnfO{ dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .
t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf lghn] cfgf] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 .
!))= ljZjf;sf] dt / cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|wfgdGqLn]
s'g} klg avt cfk"mdfly k|ltlglw ;efsf] ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6
ug{ cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf] dtsf nflu k|ltlglw ;ef
;dIf k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|wfgdGqLn] k|ltlglwTj ug{] bn ljeflht ePdf jf ;/sf/df
;xefuL bnn] cfgf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPdf tL; lbgleq k|wfgdGqLn]
ljZjf;sf] dtsf nflu k|ltlglw ;ef ;dIf k|:tfj /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t x'g g;s]df
k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-$_ k|ltlglw ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox dWo]
Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] k|wfgdGqLdfly ;bgsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt
kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
t/ k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm ePsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{;Dd / Ps k6s
/fv]sf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj c;kmn ePsf] Ps jif{ leq cljZjf;sf]
k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ubf{
k|wfgdGqLsf nflu k|:tfljt ;b:osf] gfd ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf]] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw
;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf k|wfgdGqL kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{
k|wfgdGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj ul/Psf]
k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:onfO{ /fi6kltn] wf/f &^ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL lgo'Qm
ug]{5 .
50

!)!= dxfleof]u M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/df
k|ltlglw ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO
;b:on] /fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z ug{
;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf lgh
kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] u+eL/ pNn+3g u/]sf], sfo{Ifdtfsf]
cefj jf v/fa cfr/0f ePsf] jf Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfgf] kbLo st{Josf]
kfng gu/]sf] jf cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]]sf] sf/0fn] cfgf]
kbLo lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ g;s]sf] cfwf/df k|ltlglw ;efdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] g]kfnsf] k|wfg
GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofo kl/ifbsf ;b:o,
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf lj?4 dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . To:tf] k|:tfj k|ltlglw ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf
;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf
;DalGwt JolQm kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} JolQmsf] lj?4 dxfleof]usf]
k|:tfj k]z ug{] cfwf/ / sf/0f ljBdfg eP gePsf] 5fgaLg u/L
l;kmfl/; ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu k|ltlglw ;efdf Ps dxfleof]u l;kmfl/;
;ldlt /xg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltdf k|ltlglw ;efsf P3f/ hgf
;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]uaf6 kbd'Qm x'g] JolQmn]
;+ljwfgsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] jf sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj jf v/fa
cfr/0f jf kbLo bfloTjsf] kfng Odfgbf/Lk"j{s gu/]sf] jf cfrf/
;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]]sf] eGg] cfwf/df k|fKt ;"rgf, hfgsf/L jf
ph'/L u|fx\o /x]sf] egL k|ltlglw ;efsf sDtLdf tLg hgf ;b:on]
k|dfl0ft u/L k]z u/]df pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] To:tf]
ph'/Ldfly ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd 5fglag u/L dxfleof]u ;DaGwL
sf/afxLsf nflu k|ltlglw ;ef ;dIf l;kmfl/; u/]df pkwf/f -@_
adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj k]z x'g ;Sg]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxL k|f/De ePkl5
g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofokl/ifbsf
51

;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Ln] To:tf] sf/afxLsf] 6'+uf]

gnfu];Dd cfgf] kbsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-&_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] cf/f]k nfu]sf]
JolQmnfO{ ;kmfO k]z ug{] dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg{]5 .
-*_ o; wf/f adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm
ePsf /fi6klt jf pk/fi6klt, g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf GofofwLz, Gofokl/ifbsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf
kbflwsf/Ln] kbdf /xFbf s'g} s;"/ u/]sf] eP To:tf] s;"/df ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
-(_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{
kbd'Qm ePsf]] JolQmn] To:tf] kbaf6 kfpg] s'g} ;'ljwf lng / eljiodf
s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs kbdf lgo'lQm jf dgf]gog x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-!)_ dxfleof]u ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!)@= cglwsf/ pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo M wf/f ** adf]lhd
zky glnPsf] jf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQm ;b:osf]
x}l;otn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bg jf To;sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf
pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df lghnfO{ To:tf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{
JolQmsf] cfb]zn] To;/L pkl:yt ePsf] jf dtbfg u/]sf] k|To]s k6ssf
nflu kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF hl/afgf x'g]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL
;/x c;'n pk/ ul/g]]5 .
!)#= ljz]ifflwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j}
;bgdf k"0f{ jfs\ :jtGqtf /xg]5 / ;bgdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/f jf
lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ul/g], y'gfdf /flvg]
jf lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|To]s ;bgnfO{
cfgf] sfd sf/afxL / lg0f{o ug{] k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / ;bgsf] s'g}
sf/afxL lgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{
dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-#_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgsf] s'g} klg sf/afxLdfly To;sf]
c;n lgotaf/] z+sf p7fO{ s'g} 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on]
af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf] ;DaGwdf hfgLhfgL unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s'g}
k|sf/sf] k|sfzg jf k|;f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
52

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -#_ sf] Joj:yf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o afx]s
;bgsf] a}7sdf efu lng kfpg] cGo JolQmsf xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} ;bgn] lbPsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g}
lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg jf sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g}
JolQm pk/ cbfntdf sf/afxL rNg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M of] pkwf/f / pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf
nflu ;bg eGgfn] k|ltlglw ;ef jf /fli6o ;ef ;Demg' k5{ / ;f]
zAbn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm a}7s jf ;ldlt jf ;+o'Qm ;ldltnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .
-^_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ clwj]zg af]nfOPsf]
;"rgf hf/L ePkl5 clwj]zg cGTo geP;Ddsf] cjlwe/ kqmfp ul/g]
5}g .
t/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd kqmfp ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L
s'g} ;b:o kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;"rgf
;DalGwt ;bgsf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 /
s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{
clwsf/ ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ dfq x'g]5 .
-*_ s;}n] s'g} ;bgsf] cjx]ngf u/]df ;DalGwt ;bgsf]
cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] ;bgsf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg,
g;Lxt lbg jf tLg dxLgfdf ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{ jf bz xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x
c;'n pk/ ul/g]]5 .
t/ ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L To:tf] JolQmn] Ifdfofrgf
u/]df ;bgn] Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL ug{ jf
36fpg ;Sg]5 .
-(_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!)$= sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw M -!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] k|To]s ;bgn] cfgf] sfo{
;~rfng ug{, a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg / ;ldltxsf] u7g, sfd,
sf/afxL / s'g} ;bg jf ;ldltsf] sfo{ljlw lgoldt ug{ lgodfjnL
53

!)%=

!)^=

!)&=

!)*=

agfpg]5 . To;/L lgodfjnL gag];Dd ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cfgf] sfo{ljlw

cfkm+} lgoldt ug]{5 .
-@_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm a}7ssf] sfo{ ;~rfng / ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltsf] u7g / sfd sf/afxL ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j}
;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sn] :jLs[t u/]sf] lgodfjnL jf sfo{ljlw adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
ax;df aGb]h M g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2fxsf ;DaGwdf
Gofo lgk0fdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ ljifo tyf GofofwLzn] st{Jo
kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]
s'g} ;bgdf 5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .
t/ dxfleof]usf] k|:tfjdf 5nkmn ubf{ GofofwLzsf] cfr/0fsf]
;DaGwdf s'g} s'/f JoQm ug{ o; wf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] dxf;lrj / ;lrj M -!_ /fi6kltn] k|ltlglw ;efsf]
;efd'v / /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf b'j}sf] ;+o'Qm l;kmfl/;df ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] dxf;lrj, ;efd'vsf] l;kmfl/;df k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;lrj /
/fli6o ;efsf] cWoIfsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o ;efsf] ;lrj lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-@_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] dxf;lrj, k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;lrj / /fli6o
;efsf] ;lrjsf] of]Uotf, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;lrjfno M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf
Joj:yfkg ug{ Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf /
tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kfl/>lds M k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v, /fli6o ;efsf]
cWoIf / pkfWoIf, ;ldltsf ;efklt tyf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:oxsf]
kfl/>lds / ;'ljwf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To:tf] sfg"g
gag];Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

54

efu(
;+3Lo Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
!)(= ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Joj:yflksLo
clwsf/ cg';"rL%, cg';"rL& / cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v
eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!!)= ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ ljlw M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] s'g} klg ;bgdf ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ cy{ ljw]os k|ltlglw ;efdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-@_ cy{ ljw]os, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L an,
g]kfn nufot ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L ljw]ossf]
kdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-#_ cy{ ljw]os eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s'g}
ljifo;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] ljw]osnfO{ hgfpF5 M
-s_ s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug]{, 5"6 lbg], kl/jt{g ug]{ jf
s/ k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ljifo,
-v_ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifsf]
;+/If0f ug]{, To:tf] sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{ jf To:tf]
sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug]{ jf ljlgof]hg
jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] /sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h ug]{
ljifo,
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug]{ jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo
Jojl:yt ug]{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s
bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljifo,
-3_ ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f
c;'nLaf6 k|fKt /sd / cg'bfgsf] /sd lhDdf /fVg],
nufgL ug]{ jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] n]vf jf n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{
ljifo, /
-_ v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ jf -3_ ;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf cGo
k|f;+lus ljifox .

55

t/ s'g} cg'dltkq b:t'/, lgj]bg b:t'/, gjLs/0f b:t'/ h:tf

b:t'/, z'Ns jf dx;"n nufpg] jf s'g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x'g] Joj:yf
ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g .
-$_ s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df
;efd'vsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
!!!= ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw M -!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] Pp6f ;bgn] kfl/t u/]sf]
ljw]os oyfzL3| csf]{ ;bgdf k7fOg]5 / ;f] ;bgn] kfl/t u/]kl5
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-@_ k|ltlglw ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] cy{ ljw]os /fli6o ;efdf
k7fOg]5 . /fli6o ;efn] ;f] ljw]osdf 5nkmn u/L ljw]os k|fKt u/]sf]
kGw| lbgleq s'g} ;'emfj eP ;'emfj ;lxt k|ltlglw ;efdf lkmtf{
k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]osdf
k|ltlglw ;efn] 5nkmn u/L plrt b]v]sf] ;'emfj ;dfj]z u/L
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd cy{ ljw]os k|fKt u/]sf] kGw|
lbg;Dddf /fli6o ;efn] ;f] ljw]os lkmtf{ gu/]df k|ltlglw ;efn]
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ k|ltlglw ;efn] kfl/t u/L /fli6o ;efdf k7fPsf] cy{
ljw]os afx]s cGo ljw]os /fli6o ;efn] cfkm" ;dIf k|fKt ePsf] b'O{
dxLgfleq kfl/t u/L jf ;'emfj ;lxt lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg]{5 . To:tf]
;dofjlwleq /fli6o ;efn] ;f] ljw]os lkmtf{ gu/]df k|ltlglw ;efn]
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt ;b:oxsf] lg0f{oaf6 ;f]
ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ cy{ ljw]os afx]s s'g} ;bgn] kfl/t u/]sf] cGo ljw]os
csf]{ ;bgn] c:jLs[t u/]df jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt kfl/t u/]df ;f] ljw]os
pTklQ ePsf] ;bgdf lkmtf{ k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd /fli6o ;efaf6 c:jLs[t eO{ jf
;+zf]wg ;lxt k|ltlglw ;efdf lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]os pk/ ljrf/ u/L
k|ltlglw ;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt ;b:oxn]
k|:t't kdf jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt k'gM kfl/t u/]df ;f] ljw]os
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
56

-*_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efaf6 ;+zf]wg ;lxt /fli6o

;efdf lkmtf{ cfPsf] ljw]os /fli6o ;efn] klg tTsfn sfod /x]sf]
;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt ;b:on] To:tf] ;+zf]wg ;lxt k'gM kfl/t u/]df
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-(_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ljw]os b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sdf k|:t't
ul/g]5 / ;+o'Qm a}7sn] ljw]osnfO{ k|:t't kdf jf ;+zf]wg;lxt
kfl/t u/]df ljw]os pTklQ ePsf] ;bgn] k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt
;dIf k]z ug]{5 M
-s_ /fli6o ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] t/ k|ltlglw ;efn]
c:jLsf/ u/]sf], jf
-v_ k|ltlglw ;efn] ;+zf]wg ;lxt /fli6o ;efdf lkmtf{
k7fPsf] t/ /fli6o ;ef To:tf] ;+zf]wgdf ;xdt x'g
g;s]sf] .
-!)_ s'g} ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;bgsf] clwj]zgsf]
cGTo eP klg To:tf] ljw]osdfly cfufdL clwj]zgdf sf/afxL x'g
;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} ljw]os k|ltlglw ;efdf k|:t't eO{ ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] jf
k|ltlglw ;efdf kfl/t eO{ /fli6o ;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf
k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePdf jf To;sf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf To:tf]
ljw]os lgliqmo x'g]5 .
!!@= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng] M ljw]os k|:t'tstf{n] ;bgsf] :jLs[lt lnO{ ljw]os
lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
!!#= ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f M -!_ wf/f !!! adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu
/fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g] ljw]os pTklQ ePsf] ;bgsf] ;efd'v jf
cWoIfn]] k|dfl0ft u/L k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
t/ cy{ ljw]ossf xsdf cy{ ljw]os xf] egL ;efd'vn] k|dfl0ft
ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; wf/f adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z
ePsf] ljw]os kGw| lbgleq k|df0fLs/0f u/L To;sf] ;"rgf oyf;Dej
rfF8f] b'j} ;bgnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu k]z ePsf] cy{ ljw]os afx]s cGo
ljw]osdf k'glj{rf/ x'g' cfjZos 5 eGg] /fi6kltnfO{ nfu]df To:tf]
57

ljw]os k]z ePsf] kGw| lbgleq lghn] ;Gb]z ;lxt ljw]os pTklQ
ePsf] ;bgdf lkmtf{ k7fpg]5 .
-$_ /fi6kltn] s'g} ljw]os ;Gb]z ;lxt lkmtf{ u/]df To:tf]
ljw]osdfly b'j} ;bgn] k'glj{rf/ u/L To:tf]] ljw]os k|:t't kdf jf
;+zf]wg ;lxt kfl/t u/L k'gM k]z u/]df To;/L k]z ePsf] kGw| lbgleq
/fi6kltn] k|df0fLs/0f ug{]5 .
-%_ /fi6kltaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 ljw]os P]g aGg]5 .
!!$= cWofb]z M -!_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgsf] clwj]zg rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf
afx]s cGo cj:yfdf tTsfn s]xL ug{ cfjZos k/]df dlGqkl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo
x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,
-s_ hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] b'j} ;bgdf k]z
ul/g]5 / b'j} ;bgn] :jLsf/ gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5,
-v_ /fi6kltaf6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf b'j}
;bgsf] a}7s a;]sf] ;f7L lbg kl5 :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu b'j} ;bgsf] a}7s a;]sf]
lbg eGgfn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf] jf
a}7s a;]sf] lbg ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;bgxsf]
a}7s cl3kl5 u/L a;]sf] cj:yfdf h'g ;bgsf] a}7s kl5 a;]sf] 5
;f]xL lbgnfO{ hgfpF5 .

58

!!%=

!!^=

!!&=

!!*=

efu!)
;+3Lo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} s/
nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g .
-@_ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} C0f lng] /
hdfgt lbg] 5}g .
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if M u'7L /sd afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a}
k|sf/sf /fh:j, /fh:jsf] lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{, P]gsf] clwsf/
cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x'Fbf k|fKt ePsf] ;a} wg / g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] cGo h'g;'s} /sd ;+3Lo P]gf/f csf]{ s'g} Joj:yf
gul/Pdf Ps ;/sf/L sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFlwg]5 h;nfO{ ;+3Lo ;l~rt
sf]if elgg]5 .
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if jf ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo M b]xfo adf]lhdsf
/sd afx]s ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} ;+3Lo ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6
s'g} /sd lemSg ;lsg] 5}g M
-s_ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,
-v_ ;+3Lo ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd vr{ x'g] /sd,
-u_ ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k]ZsLsf]
kdf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd vr{ x'g] /sd, jf
-3_ ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] ;+3Lo pwf/f]
vr{ P]g adf]lhd Joo x'g] /sd .
t/ ;+3Lo cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f !@$ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ M b]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{
;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g]5 / To:tf] Joosf nflu ;+3Lo
;+;bsf] :jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5}g M
-s_ /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd,
-v_ g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz, ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLz /
Gofokl/ifbsf ;b:onfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfsf]
/sd,
59

-u_

k|ltlglw ;efsf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v, /fli6o ;efsf

cWoIf / pkfWoIfnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfsf]]
/sd,
-3_ ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/LnfO{ lbOg]
kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd,
-_ k|b]z k|d'vsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwfsf] /sd,
-r_ /fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltsf] sfof{no, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt,
Gofokl/ifb, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfof{nosf]
k|zf;lgs Joo,
-5_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,
-h_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cfb]z
cg';f/ ltg'{ kg]{ /sd, /
-em_ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g]
/sd .
!!(= /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s
jif{sf] ;DaGwdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf] ;+o'Qm a}7sdf b]xfosf
ljifox ;d]t v'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ug'{ kg]{]5 M
-s_ /fh:jsf] cg'dfg,
-v_ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] cfjZos /sdx, /
-u_ ;+3Lo ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd Joo x'g] cfjZos
/sdx .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ubf{ cl3Nnf] cfly{s
jif{df k|To]s dGqfnonfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / To:tf] vr{
cg';f/sf] nIo xfl;n eof] jf ePg To;sf] ljj/0f klg ;fy} k]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] /fh:j /
Joosf] cg'dfg k|To]s jif{ h]7 dxLgfsf] kGw| ut] ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k]z
ug]{5 .
!@)= ljlgof]hg P]g M ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd Joo x'g] /sd ;DalGwt
zLif{sdf pNn]v u/L ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5 .
60

!@!= k"/s cg'dfg M -!_ s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] k|ltlglw ;efdf k"/s cg'dfg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf nflu ljlgof]hg P]gn] s'g} ;]jfsf
nflu vr{ ug{ clVtof/L lbPsf] /sd ckof{Kt ePdf jf
To; jif{sf nflu ljlgof]hg P]gn] clVtof/L glbPsf] gofF
;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf
-v_ rfn" cfly{s jif{df ljlgof]hg P]gn] clVtof/L lbPsf]
/sdeGbf a9L vr{ x'g uPdf .
-@_ k"/s cg'dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd ;DalGwt zLif{sdf pNn]v
u/L k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5 .
!@@= k]ZsL vr{ M -!_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf nflu
cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z k]ZsLsf kdf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd
vr{ ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ wf/f !!( adf]lhd /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z gul/P;Dd
k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / k]ZsLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo
cg'dfgsf] Ps ltxfO eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ ;+3Lo k]ZsL vr{ P]g adf]]lhd vr{ ePsf] /sd ljlgof]hg
ljw]osdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
!@#= pwf/f] vr{ M o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
k|fs[lts sf/0f jf afx\o cfqmd0fsf] cfz+sf jf cfGtl/s ljg jf cGo
sf/0fn] ;+s6sf] cj:yf k/L wf/f !!( sf] pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{t rflxg]
ljj/0f v'nfpg cJofjxfl/s jf /fHosf] ;'/Iff jf lxtsf b[li6n]
cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{dGqLn] Joosf] ljj/0f dfq
ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os k|ltlglw ;efdf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!@$= ;+3Lo cfsl:ds sf]if M -!_ ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd cfsl:ds sf]ifsf gfdn]
Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf ;+3Lo
P]g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]if g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf
/xg]5 / g]kfn ;/sf/n] To:tf] sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds sfo{sf nflu vr{
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
61

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] vr{sf] /sd ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd

oyfzLw| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .
!@%= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g M ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd ljlgof]lht /sd Ps
zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{] / cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

62

!@^=

!@&=

!@*=

!@(=

efu!!
Gofokflnsf
Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ cbfntaf6 k|of]u x'g] M -!_ g]kfnsf] Gofo
;DaGwL clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg, cGo sfg"g / Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt
adf]lhd cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfoaf6 k|of]u ul/g]5 .
-@_ d'2f dfldnfsf] /f]xdf cbfntn] lbPsf] cfb]z jf lg0f{osf]
;a}n] kfng ug'{ kg]{5 .
cbfntx M -!_ g]kfndf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cbfntx /xg]5g\ M
-s_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt,
-v_ pRr cbfnt, /
-u_ lhNnf cbfnt .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s sfg"g adf]lhd d'2f x]g{
:yfgLo :t/df Goflos lgsfo jf ljjfb ;dfwfgsf j}slNks pkfo
cjnDag ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo lgsfo u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .
;jf]{Rr cbfnt M -!_ g]kfndf Ps ;jf]{Rr cbfnt x'g]5 .
-@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt clen]v cbfnt x'g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s ;a} cbfnt / Goflos lgsfox ;jf]{Rr
cbfnt dftxt /xg]5g\ . ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] JofVof ug{] clGtd
clwsf/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfgf] / cfgf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{
cbfnt, ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt jf cGo Goflos lgsfoxsf] Gofo k|zf;g
jf Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ljifodf lg/LIf0f, ;'kl/j]If0f u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] ;+ljwfg /
sfg"gsf] JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg"gL l;4fGt ;a}n] kfng ug{'
kg]{5 . ;jf{]Rr cbfntn] cfgf] jf dftxtsf] cbfntsf] Gofo;Dkfbgsf]
sfo{df s;}n] cj/f]w u/]df jf cfb]z jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df sfg"g
adf]lhd cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL rnfO{ ;hfo ug{{ ;Sg]5 .
g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm /
of]Uotf M -!_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf g]kfnsf] k|wfg GofofwLzsf cltl/Qm
63

a9Ldf aL; hgf GofofwLz /xg]5g\ .

-@_ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzsf] / Gofo
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf cGo GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm
/fi6kltaf6 x'g]5 .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd
u/]sf] JolQm k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 .
-$_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kbfjlw 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-%_ sfg"gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo
GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf
sfg"gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L jl/i7 clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf]
x}l;otdf sDtLdf kGw| jif{ lg/Gt/ jsfnt u/]sf] jf sDtLdf kGw|
jif{;Dd Gofo jf sfg"gsf] If]qdf lg/Gt/ sfd u/L ljlzi6 sfg"gljbsf]
kdf Voflt k|fKt u/]sf] jf Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fL jf
;f]eGbf dflyNnf] kbdf sDtLdf afx| jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL gful/s
;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M of] ;+ljwfg nfu" x'g'eGbf klxn] k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf d'Vo
GofofwLz jf GofofwLz eO{ sfd u/]sf] cjlwnfO{ of] pkwf/fsf]
k|of]hgsf nflu pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf]
x}l;otdf sfd u/]sf] cjlw dflgg]5 .
-^_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf s'g} sf/0fn] k|wfg
GofofwLz cfgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePdf jf labf a;]sf] jf
g]kfnaflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt
gx'g] cj:yf ePdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn]
sfodd'sfod k|wfg GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug]{]5 .
!#)= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ k|wfg
GofofwLz tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzn] sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd
u/L /fhLgfdf lbPdf jf clgjfo{ cjsfz k|fKt u/]df jf lghsf] d[To'
ePdf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd lgj[lQe/0f kfpg]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s k|wfg
GofofwLz tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo
zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
64

dxfleof]uf/f kbd'Qm ePsf] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df

cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
GofofwLzn] pkbfg jf lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
-$_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ dsf{
kg]{ u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+vntfsf]] sf/0fn] ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf]
3f]if0ff ePsf] cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!#!= k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm x'g]
M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL k|wfg GofofwLzsf] xsdf
;+j}wflgs kl/ifb / ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] xsdf
Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghn] g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df cbfntaf6
;hfo kfPdf,
-r_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
!#@= k|wfg GofofwLz tyf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} sfddf
nufpg gx'g] M -!_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{
GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf
v6fOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;jf{]Rr
cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf;
cjlwsf nflu sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cg';Gwfg jf cGj]if0fsf] s'g}
sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz eO;s]sf]
JolQm o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s s'g} klg ;/sf/L
65

kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .

!##= ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgf/f k|bQ df}lns xs
pk/ cg'lrt aGb]h nufOPsf]] jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] s'g} sfg"g of]
;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] x'Fbf To:tf] sfg"g jf To;sf] s'g} efu jf k|b]z
;efn] agfPsf] s'g} sfg"g ;+3Lo ;+;bn] agfPsf] s'g} sfg"g;Fu
aflemPsf] jf gu/ ;ef jf ufpF ;efn] agfPsf] s'g} sfg"g ;+3Lo ;+;b
jf k|b]z ;efn] agfPsf] s'g} sfg"g;Fu aflemPsf] xF'bf To:tf] sfg"g jf
To;sf] s'g} efu ab/ 3f]lift u/L kfpFm egL s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn]
;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / ;f] cg';f/ s'g} sfg"g aflemPsf]
b]lvPdf ;f] sfg"gnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} jf lg0f{o ePsf] ldltb]lv cdfGo /
ab/ 3f]lift ug]{ c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf nflu jf
csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf eP klg
To:tf] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo s'g} sfg"gL xssf]
k|rngsf nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g} ljjfbdf ;dfj]z
ePsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lgk0fsf nflu cfjZos /
pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{], plrt pkrf/ k|bfg ug{], To:tf] xssf] k|rng
u/fpg] jf ljjfb 6'+uf] nufpg] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{
x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ If]q cGtu{t
;jf]{Rr cbfntn] aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w,
clwsf/k[R5f nufot cGo pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z
;efsf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL / ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;efn] rnfPsf]
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f
cGtu{t ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g .
-$_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ ;+3Lo
sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd d'2fsf] z'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{],
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], ;fws hfFRg], d'2f bf]xf]ofpg], lgj]bg ;'Gg] jf cfgf]
km};nf jf clGtd cfb]zsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . To;/L
k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ klxnf km};nf ug{] GofofwLz afx]s cGo GofofwLzn]
ug{] 5g\ .
-%_ pRr cbfntn] z' sf/afxL / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf]
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] / ;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] JofVof ;DaGwL k|Zg ;dfj]z
66

!#$=

!#%
!#^=

!#&=

ePsf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifo jf ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 lg0f{o x'g'

pko'Qm 5 egL pRr cbfntn] cfgf] /fo ;lxt l;kmfl/; u/]sf] d'2fsf]
lgk0f ug]{ clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-^_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M -!_ ;f/e"t kdf ;dfg k|Zg ;dfj]z ePsf] d'2f
;jf]{Rr cbfnt / pRr cbfntxdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf]
k|Zg ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] xf] eGg] ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ nfu]df jf
dxfGofoflwjQmf jf d'2fsf kIfsf] lgj]bgaf6 b]lvPdf To:tf d'2f
lemsfO{ ;fy} /fvL k}m;nf ug]{ clwsf/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} pRr cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf Goflos
lgikIftfdf k|Zg p7\g] ljz]if kl/l:ylt b]lvPdf sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{
sfg"g adf]lhd Ps pRr cbfntaf6 csf]{ pRr cbfntdf To:tf] d'2f
;f/L ;'g'jfO{ ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
ax; k}/jL ug{ gkfpg] M k|wfg GofofwLz / ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
GofofwLzn] ;]jflgj[Q ePkl5 s'g} klg cf cbfntdf ax; k}/jL,
d]nldnfk jf dWo:ytf ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
k|wfg GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L M ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / dftxtsf cbfnt,
ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt jf cGo Goflos lgsfoxsf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{
k|efjsf/L agfpg] clGtd lhDd]jf/L k|wfg GofofwLzsf] x'g]5 .
;+j}wflgs Ohnf;sf] u7g M -!_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf Ps ;+j}wflgs
Ohnf; /xg]5 . To:tf] Ohnf;df k|wfg GofofwLz / Gofo kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf cGo rf/ hgf GofofwLz /xg]
5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Ohnf;n] wf/f !## sf] pkwf/f -!_
adf]lhd k/]sf lgj]bgsf] cltl/Qm b]xfosf d'2fsf] z' sf/afxL /
lsgf/f ug{]5 M
-s_ ;+3 / k|b]z, k|b]z / k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf
:yfgLo txx aLrsf] clwsf/ If]qsf] af/]df ePsf] ljjfb
;DaGwL,
-v_ ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL
ljjfb / ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o jf k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf]
cof]Uotf ;DaGwL .
67

-#_ wf/f !## df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;jf{]Rr

cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg s'g} d'2fdf uDeL/ ;+j}wflgs JofVofsf] k|Zg
;dfj]z ePsf] b]lvPdf To:tf] d'2f pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Ohnf;af6
x]g{] u/L k|wfg GofofwLzn] tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;+j}wflgs Ohnf;sf] ;~rfng ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;jf{]Rr
cbfntn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!#*= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, Gofo kl/ifb / Gofo ;]jf
cfof]un] k|To]s jif{ cfgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 /
/fi6kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z
ug{]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|:t't ePsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg dfly
5nkmn x'Fbf ;+3Lo ;+;bn] s'g} ;'emfj lbg cfjZos b]v]df g]kfn
;/sf/, sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqfno dfk{mt ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{ lbg
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!#(= pRr cbfnt M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps pRr cbfnt /xg]5 .
-@_ pRr cbfntn] cfgf] / cfgf dftxtsf cbfnt jf Goflos
lgsfoxaf6 x'g] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df s;}n] cj/f]w u/]df jf cfb]z
jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cjx]ngfdf sf/afxL
rnfO{ ;hfo ug{{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|To]s pRr cbfntdf d'Vo GofofwLzsf cltl/Qm ;+3Lo
sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf GofofwLzx /xg]5g\ .
!$)= pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm / of]Uotf M
-!_ k|wfg GofofwLzn] Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df pRr cbfntsf d'Vo
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .
-@_ sfg"gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L lhNnf GofofwLzsf] kbdf
sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] jf sfg"gdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L jl/i7
clwjQmf jf clwjQmfsf] kdf sDtLdf bz jif{ lg/Gt/ jsfnt u/]sf]
jf sDtLdf bz jif{ sfg"gsf] cWofkg, cGj]if0f jf sfg"g jf Gofo
;DaGwL cGo s'g} If]qdf lg/Gt/ sfd u/]sf] jf Gofo ;]jfsf] sDtLdf
/fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] g]kfnL
68

gful/s pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kbdf

lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo dflgg]5 .
-#_ pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm ubf{
pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd of]Uotf k''u]sf JolQmxdWo]af6 lhNnf
GofofwLzsf] xsdf lghn] jflif{s kdf km};nf u/]sf] d'2fsf] cg'kft /
dflyNnf] cbfntdf clGtd lg0f{o x'Fbf d'2f ;b/, ab/ jf pN6L ePsf]]
d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df, Gofo ;]jfsf] sDtLdf /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLsf]
kbdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ sfd u/]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf Ho]i7tf, of]Uotf /
sfo{;Dkfbgsf]] :t/sf] d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df / cGosf] xsdf jl/i7tf,
Jofj;flos lg/Gt/tf, Odfgbf/L, k]zfut cfr/0f / Gofo / sfg"gsf]
If]qdf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] d"Nof+sg u/L lgo'lQm ul/g]5 .
-$_ d'Vo GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePdf jf c? s'g} sf/0fn] d'Vo
GofofwLz cfgf] kbsf] sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] jf labf a;]sf] jf k|b]z
aflx/ uPsf] sf/0fn] d'Vo GofofwLz pRr cbfntdf pkl:yt x'g ;Sg]
cj:yf g/x]df pRr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLzn] sfodd'sfod
d'Vo GofofwLz eO{ sfd ug]{]5 .
!$!= d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] ;]jfsf zt{ tyf ;'ljwf M -!_ o;
;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ul/Psf]df afx]s pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf] cGo zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg Gofo
kl/ifbaf6 sf/afxL eO{ kbd'Qm ePsf] jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L
s;"/df cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfO{ kbd'Qm ePsf] pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo
GofofwLz tyf GofofwLzn] pkbfg jf lgjl[Qe/0f kfpg] 5}g .
t/ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL Gofo kl/ifbn] kbd'Qm u/]sf] cj:yfdf
of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-#_ pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{
u/L lghsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
!$@= d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm x'g] M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm
69

x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ lq;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f, Odfgbf/L
k"j{s cfgf] st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf], ablgotk"j{s
sfdsf/afxL u/]sf] jf lghn] kfng ug{' kg{]
cfrf/;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/df Gofo
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] kbd'Qm
u/]df,
-3_ lgh zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf
/xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL Gofo
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] kbd'Qm
u/]df,
-_ lghn] g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df
cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPdf,
-r_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ug'{ cl3 cf/f]k
nfu]sf] GofofwLznfO{ cfkmgf] ;kmfO k]z ug{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg' kg]{5 .
To;/L sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] GofofwLzn] sf/afxLsf] 6'+uf] gnfu];Dd
cfgf] kbsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ kbd'Qm ePsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf GofofwLzn] kbdf /xFbf
u/]sf] s;"/df ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
!$#= d'Vo GofofwLz tyf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} sfddf nufpg gx'g] /
;?jf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz jf
GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g} kbdf sfddf nufOg]
jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ u/L pRr cbfntsf]
GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf nflu
sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cg';Gwfg, cGj]if0f jf /fli6o ;/f]sf/sf] s'g}
sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] pRr cbfntsf
70

GofofwLznfO{ Ps pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLzaf6 csf]{ pRr cbfntsf]

GofofwLzdf ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
!$$= pRr cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgf/f k|bQ df}lns xssf]
k|rngsf nflu jf csf]{ pkrf/sf] Joj:yf gePsf] jf csf]{ pkrf/sf]
Joj:yf eP klg ;f] pkrf/ ckof{Kt jf k|efjxLg b]lvPsf] cGo s'g}
sfg"gL xssf] k|rngsf nflu jf ;fj{hlgs xs jf ;/f]sf/sf] s'g}
ljjfbdf ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} sfg"gL k|Zgsf] lgk0fsf nflu cfjZos /
pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug]{ clwsf/ pRr cbfntnfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu pRr cbfntn]
aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, k/dfb]z, pTk|]if0f, k|ltif]w, clwsf/k[R5f nufot
h'g;'s} pko'Qm cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ clwsf/ If]qsf] cefj ePsf]df afx]s ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z
;efsf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/afxL / ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;efn] rnfPsf]
ljz]ifflwsf/sf] sf/afxL / tT;DaGwdf tf]s]sf] ;hfodf o; pkwf/f
adf]lhd pRr cbfntn] x:tIf]k ug]{ 5}g .
-#_ pRr cbfntnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd z' d'2f x]g]{,
k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] / ;fws hfFRg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-$_ pRr cbfntsf] cGo clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!$%= d'2f ;fg{ ;Sg] M -!_ pRr cbfntn] cfgf] If]qflwsf/leqsf dftxt
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf d'2fdf k|b]z sfg"g ;DaGwL k|Zg ;dfj]z 5
/ pQm d'2fsf] lg0f{o ug{ ;f] k|Zgsf] lg/fs/0f x'g' clgjfo{ 5 eGg]
nfu]df To:tf d'2fx dftxt cbfntaf6 lemsfO{ d'2fsf] k"/} lg0f{o ug{
jf To:tf] k|Zgdf dfq lg0f{o u/]/ d'2f z' cbfntdf lkmtf{ k7fpg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ s'g} lhNnf cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf] d'2fdf ;'g'jfO{ x'Fbf Goflos
lgikIftfdf k|Zg p7\g] ljz]if kl/l:ylt b]lvPdf sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] dftxtsf Ps lhNnfaf6 csf]{ lhNnf
cbfntdf To:tf] d'2f ;f/L ;'g'jfO{ ug{ pRr cbfntn] cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
!$^= ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg] M pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz eO{ ;]jflgj[Q ePsf]
JolQmn] cfk"mn] GofofwLzsf] x}l;otdf ;]jf u/]sf pRr cbfnt /
dftxtsf cbfnt afx]s cGo pRr cbfnt / ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf
71

pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/jL ug{ kfpg]5 .

!$&= d'Vo GofofwLzsf] lhDd]jf/L M pRr cbfnt / To;sf] dftxtsf] cbfnt
jf cGo Goflos lgsfosf] Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg]
lhDd]jf/L d'Vo GofofwLzsf] x'g]5 . ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu d'Vo
GofofwLzn] o; ;+ljwfg tyf ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL dftxtsf
cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfonfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
!$*= lhNnf cbfnt M -!_ k|To]s lhNnfdf Ps lhNnf cbfnt x'g]5 .
-@_ k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt :yfgLo :t/sf Goflos lgsfo
lhNnf cbfntsf] dftxtdf /xg]5g\ . lhNnf cbfntn] cfgf] dftxtsf
Goflos lgsfoxsf] lg/LIf0f Pj+ ;'kl/j]If0f ug{ / cfjZos lgb{]zg
lbg ;Sg]5 .
!$(= lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf tyf kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf
cGo zt{ M -!_ lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm Gofo kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzaf6 x'g]5 .
-@_ lhNnf cbfntdf l/Qm GofofwLzsf] kb b]xfo adf]lhd k"lt{
ul/g]5 M
-s_ l/Qm kbdWo] aL; k|ltzt kbdf sfg"gdf :gfts
pkflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst ltLo
>]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf
clws[txdWo]af6 Ho]i7tf, of]Uotf / sfo{Ifdtfsf]
d"Nof+sgsf] cfwf/df,
-v_ l/Qm kbdWo] rfnL; k|ltzt kbdf sfg"gdf :gfts
pkflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst ltLo
>]0fLsf] kbdf sDtLdf tLg jif{ sfd u/]sf
clws[txdWo]af6 v'nf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf]
cfwf/df,
-u_ l/Qm kbdWo] afFsL rfnL; k|ltzt kbdf sfg"gdf
:gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L clwjQmfsf] kdf lg/Gt/
sDtLdf cf7 jif{ jsfnt u/]sf, sfg"gdf :gfts
pkflw k|fKt u/L Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf
sDtLdf cf7 jif{ sfd u/]sf jf sfg"gsf] cWofkg,
cGj]if0f jf sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cGo s'g} If]qdf
lg/Gt/ sDtLdf cf7 jif{ sfd u/]sf g]kfnL
72

gful/sdWo]af6 v'Nnf k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIffsf]

cfwf/df .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -v_ / -u_ adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ePsf
JolQmxdWo]af6 ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd Gofo ;]jf cfof]un] lnlvt /
df}lvs k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIff lnO{ of]Uotfqmd adf]lhd lhNnf
GofofwLzdf lgo'lQmsf nflu Gofo kl/ifbnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .
-$_ lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLznfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L lghsf]
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5|}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-^_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lhNnf cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kb
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] k|wfg GofofwLz ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ lq;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf] cefj, v/fa cfr/0f,
Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfgf] st{Josf] kfng gu/]sf],
ablgotk"j{s sfdsf/afxL u/]sf] jf lghn] kfng ug{'
kg{] cfrf/;+lxtfsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cfwf/df
Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] kbd'Qm
u/]df,
-3_ lgh zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf
/xL sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL Gofo
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghn] g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df
cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPdf,
-r_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd kbd'Qm ug'{ cl3 cf/f]k
nfu]sf] lhNnf GofofwLznfO{ cfgf] ;kmfO k]z ug{ dgfl;a df}sf lbg'
73

kg]{5 . To;/L sf/afxL k|f/De ePsf] lhNnf GofofwLzn] sf/afxLsf] 6'+uf]

gnfu];Dd cfgf] kbsf] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-*_ kbd'Qm ePsf] lhNnf GofofwLzn] kbdf /xFbf u/]sf] s;"/df
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd sf/afxL ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
!%)= lhNnf GofofwLznfO{ cGo s'g} sfddf nufpg gx'g] / ;?jf ;DaGwL
Joj:yf M -!_ lhNnf GofofwLznfO{ GofofwLzsf] kbdf afx]s cGo s'g}
kbdf sfddf nufOg] jf sfhdf v6fOg] 5}g .
t/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofo kl/ifb;Fu k/fdz{ u/L lhNnf
GofofwLznfO{ Goflos hfFra'emsf] sfddf jf s]xL vf; cjlwsf nflu
sfg"g jf Gofo ;DaGwL cg';Gwfg jf cGj]if0f tyf lgjf{rg ;DaGwL
sfddf v6fpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] lhNnf
GofofwLznfO{ Ps lhNnf cbfntaf6 csf]{ lhNnf cbfntdf ;?jf ug{
;Sg]5 .
!%!= lhNnf cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q M -!_ lhNnf cbfntnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"gdf
cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s cfgf] clwsf/If]qleqsf ;Dk"0f{ d'2fsf]
z' sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug]{, aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f lgif]wf1f nufot sfg"g
adf]lhdsf lgj]bg x]g]{, cw{Goflos lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ sfg"g
adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg], k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd ul7t :yfgLo:t/sf
Goflos lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] tyf cfk"m / cfgf]
dftxtsf cbfntxsf] Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{df s;}n] cj/f]w u/]df jf
cfb]z jf k}m;nfsf] cj1f u/]df ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cjx]ngfdf
sf/afxL rnfO ;hfo ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-@_ lhNnf cbfntsf] clwsf/ If]q / sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%@= ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt M -!_ wf/f !@& df n]lvPb]lv afx]s vf; lsl;d /
k|s[ltsf d'2fxsf] sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd cGo
ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf Gofoflws/0fsf] :yfkgf / u7g
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ s'g} vf; d'2fsf nflu ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt, Goflos lgsfo jf
Gofoflws/0fsf] u7g ul/g] 5}g .
-@_ Ps jif{ eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/ ;DaGwL
74

d'2f cbfnt jf ljlzi6Ls[t cbfnt jf ;}lgs cbfnt jf Goflos

lgsfo afx]s cGo lgsfosf] clwsf/ If]qdf kg{] 5}g .
!%#= Gofo kl/ifb M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQm, ;?jf,
cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sf/afxL, avf{;L / Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL cGo
ljifosf] l;kmfl/; ug{ jf k/fdz{ lbg Pp6f Gofo kl/ifb /xg]5, h;df
b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox /xg]5g\ M
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_ ;+3Lo sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL
;b:o
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf jl/i7td GofofwLz Ps hgf ;b:o
-3_ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm u/]sf]
Ps hgf sfg"gljb\
;b:o
-_ g]kfn af/ P;f]l;Pzgsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltf/f
lgo'Qm sDtLdf aL; jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt jl/i7
clwjQmf jf clwjQmf
;b:o
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:osf] kbfjlw
rf/ jif{sf] x'g]5 / lghsf] kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf]
GofofwLzsf] ;/x x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -3_ / -_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:o ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg t/Lsfn] kbd'Qm
x'g]5 .
-$_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] cWoIf tyf ;b:on] s'g} GofofwLzsf]
;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/L;Fu ;Da4 d'2fsf] cWoog u/L Gofo
kl/ifbdf To;sf] k|ltj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ s'g} GofofwLzsf] ljifodf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf
k|f/lDes 5fgaLg u/fpFbf ljz]if1af6 lj:t[t 5fgaLg ug'{kg{] b]lvPdf
Gofo kl/ifbn] hfFra'em ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-^_ of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] sf/afxLaf6 kbd'Qm x'g
;Sg] GofofwLz afx]s cGo GofofwLzn] e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf]
b'?kof]u u/]sf]df Gofokl/ifbn] cg';Gwfg u/L sfg"g adf]lhd d'2f
rnfpg ;Sg]5 .
75

-&_ Gofo kl/ifbn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg

GofofwLz / GofofwLz, pRr cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLzsf]
kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uotf k'Ug] JolQmxsf] cBfjlws clen]v tof/ ug'{
kg]{5 .
-*_ Gofo kl/ifbsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%$= Gofo ;]jf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3Lo Gofo
;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf lgo'lQm, ;?jf, a9'jf ubf{ jf To:tf] kbdf
axfn /x]sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ ljefuLo ;hfo ubf{ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf]
l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug]{5 .
t/ ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf axfn g/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo Gofo
;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf gofF egf{f/f :yfoL lgo'lQm ubf{ jf ;+3Lo
Gofo ;]jfsf] /fhkq cglt kbaf6 ;f]xL ;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst kbdf
a9'jf ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; adf]lhd ug'{
kg]{5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf]
/fhkqf+lst kbdf lgo'lQm ubf{ lnOg] v'nf / cfGtl/s k|ltof]lutfTds
k/LIff nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] lng]5 .
-@_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]udf b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox
x'g]5g\ M
-s_ k|wfg GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_ ;+3Lo sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL
;b:o
-u_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] jl/i7td GofofwLz
;b:o
-3_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf
;b:o
-_ dxfGofoflwjQmf
;b:o
-#_ Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / sfo{ljlw
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%%= ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ;+3Lo Gofo ;]jfsf
sd{rf/Lxsf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf
;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
76

!%^= k|b]z Gofo ;]jf cfof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf M k|b]z Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf]
u7g / k|b]z Gofo ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lxsf] kfl/>lds, ;'ljwf tyf ;]jfsf
zt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

77

efu!@
dxfGofoflwjQmf
!%&= dxfGofoflwjQmf M -!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfGofoflwjQmf /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfGofoflwjQmfsf]
lgol'Qm ug]{]5 . k|wfgdGqLn] rfx]sf] cjlw;Dd dxfGofoflwjQmf cfgf]
kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt
/fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghnfO{ k|wfgdGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltaf6 kbd'Qm
ul/Pdf,
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf ;jf]{Rr
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x x'g]5 . dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] ;]jfsf cGo zt{
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
!%*= dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/ x'g]5 . ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf
g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo
;Nnfx lbg' dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] xs, lxt jf ;/f]sf/ lglxt /x]sf] d'2fdf
dxfGofoflwjQmf jf lghsf] dftxtsf ;/sf/L jsLnaf6 g]kfn
;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ul/g]5 . o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf Joj:yf ePsf]df
afx]s s'g} cbfnt jf Goflos lgsfo jf clwsf/L ;dIf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 d'2f rnfpg] jf grnfpg] eGg] s'/fsf] clGtd lg0f{o
ug]{ clwsf/ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 bfo/ ePsf] d'2f lkmtf{ ln+bf
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] /fo lng' kg]{5 .
-$_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] ;+3Lo ;+;b jf To;sf] s'g} ;ldltn]
78

u/]sf] cfdGq0f adf]lhd To:tf] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ sfg"gL k|Zgsf]

;DaGwdf /fo JoQm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ cfgf] kbLo st{Josf] kfngf ubf{ dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{
g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} cbfnt, sfof{no / kbflwsf/L ;dIf pkl:yt x'g]
clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfnfO{ cfgf] st{Jo
kfng ubf{ b]xfosf] sfd ug{] clwsf/ x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf d'2f
dfldnfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tk{maf6 k|lt/Iff ug]{,
-v_ d'2f dfldnfsf /f]xdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] sfg"gsf]
JofVof jf k|ltkfbg u/]sf] sfg"gL l;4fGtsf] sfof{Gjog
eP jf gePsf] cg'udg ug]{ jf u/fpg],
-u_ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL
dfgjf]lrt Jojxf/ gu/]sf] jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{{ cfkmGt;Fu
jf sfg"g Joj;foL dfk{mt e]63f6 ug{ glbPsf] eGg] ph'/L
k/]df jf hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf 5fgaLg u/L To:tf] x'gaf6
/f]Sg ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg] .
-&_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] of] wf/f adf]lhd cfgf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u / kfng ug]{ u/L dftxtsf
;/sf/L jsLnnfO{ k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-*_ o; wf/fdf n]lvPsf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] cltl/Qm
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!%(= jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfn] k|To]s jif{ of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd cfk"mn] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L
/fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 / /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg
;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf]
cltl/Qm dxfGofoflwjQmfn] jif{el/df ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf lbPsf]
/fo ;Nnfxsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;+Vof, ;/sf/jfbL eO{ rn]sf
d'2f ;DaGwL ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL jf k|ltjfbL eO{ bfo/ ePsf
d'2f dfldnfdf k|lt/Iff u/]sf] ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ jfbL eO{ rNg]
79

d'2fdf eljiodf ul/g'kg{] ;'wf/ tyf ck/fwsf k|j[lQ ;DaGwL ljj/0f

pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .
!^)= d'Vo GofoflwjQmf M -!_ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L k|To]s
k|b]zdf Ps d'Vo GofoflwjQmf /xg]5 .
-@_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] lgo'lQm ;DalGwt d'VodGqLsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|b]z k|d'vaf6 x'g]5 . d'VodGqLn] rfx]sf] cjlw;Dd d'Vo
GofoflwjQmf cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ pRr cbfntsf] GofofwLz x'g] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm d'Vo
GofoflwjQmfsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 .
-$_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] d'VodGqL dfk{mt k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt
/fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghnfO{ d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z k|d'vn] kbd'Qm
u/]df,
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] d'Vo sfg"gL ;Nnfxsf/
x'g]5 / ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL ljifodf k|b]z ;/sf/ jf k|b]z ;/sf/n]
tf]lslbPsf] cGo clwsf/LnfO{ /fo ;Nnfx lbg' d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf]
st{Jo x'g]5 .
-^_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no cGtu{tsf sd{rf/Lxsf]
Joj:yfkg dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{non] ug]{5 .
-&_ d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf pRr
cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x x'g]5 . d'Vo GofoflwjQmfsf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ tyf ;]jfsf cGo zt{ k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!^!= ;]jfsf zt{ / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M ;/sf/L jsLn tyf
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] dftxtdf /xg] cGo sd{rf/Lxsf] kfl/>lds,
;'ljwf tyf ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

80

efu!#
k|b]z sfo{kflnsf
!^@= k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M -!_ k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ of]
;+ljwfg / k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbdf lglxt x'g]5 .
t/ ;+3Lo zf;g nfu" ePsf] sf/0faf6 k|b]z sfo{sfl/0fL sfod
g/x]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lgb{]zg adf]lhd k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]zsf]
sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ k|of]u ug]{5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] zf;g
Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng ug]{ cleef/f k|b]z
dlGqkl/ifbdf /xg]5 .
-#_ k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{x k|b]z ;/sf/sf gfddf x'g] 5g\ .
-$_ of] ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/
cg';"rL^, cg';"rL& / cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v eP
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
t/ ;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ljifosf ;DaGwdf of]
;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"gdf :ki6 pNn]v ePsf]df afx]s k|b]z
dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu
;dGjo u/L ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/sf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf
cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!^#= k|b]z k|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
k|ltlglwsf] kdf k|b]z k|d'v /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] k|To]s k|b]zsf nflu Ps k|b]z k|d'v lgo'lQm
ug]{5 .
-#_ /fi6kltn]] kbfjlw ;dfKt x'g'eGbf cufj} lghnfO{ kbd'Qm
u/]df afx]s k|b]z k|d'vsf] kbfjlw kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ Pp6} JolQm Ps k6seGbf a9L Ps} k|b]zdf k|b]z k|d'v x'g
;Sg] 5}g .

81

!^$= k|b]z k|d'vsf] of]Uotf M b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm k|b]z k|d'v x'gsf
nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;b:o x'g of]Uo ePsf]],
-v_ k}+tL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-u_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
!^%= k|b]z k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|b]z
k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf jf ;f] cufj} /fi6kltn]
lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df,
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-@_ s'g} k|b]zsf] k|b]z k|d'vsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|b]z
k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm geP;Ddsf nflu /fi6kltn] csf]{ s'g} k|b]zsf] k|b]z
k|d'vnfO{ To:tf] k|b]zsf] ;d]t sfdsfh ug]{ u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
!^^= k|b]z k|d'vsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] of] ;+ljwfg jf
sfg"g adf]lhd lghnfO{ k|fKt clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st{Josf] kfng
ug{]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ jf st{Josf]
kfng ubf{ of] ;+ljwfg jf sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} lgsfo jf kbflwsf/Lsf]
l;kmfl/;df ul/g] egL ls6fgL;fy Joj:yf ePsf] sfo{ afx]s k|b]z
k|d'vaf6 ;Dkfbg ul/g] cGo h'g;'s} sfo{ k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;
/ ;Ddltaf6 x'g]5 . To:tf] l;kmfl/; / ;Ddlt d'VodGqL dfkm{t k]z
x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k|b]z k|d'vsf] gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf
cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
!^&= k|b]z k|d'vsf] zky M k|b]z k|d'vn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd /fi6klt ;dIf kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg{]5 .

82

!^*= k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efdf ax'dt k|fKt
;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 / lghsf] cWoIftfdf
k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k|b]z ;efdf s'g} klg bnsf] :ki6
ax'dt g/x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ b'O{ jf b'O{ eGbf
a9L bnxsf] ;dy{gdf ax'dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:onfO{
k|b]z k|d'vn] d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn]
tL; lbgleq pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd d'VodGqL lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] cj:yf
gePdf jf To;/L lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ljZjf;sf]
dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efdf ;a}eGbf a9L ;b:ox
ePsf] ;+;bLo bnsf] g]tfnfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] To;/L lgo'Qm
ePsf] tL; lbgleq k|b]z ;efaf6 ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ g;s]df pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] s'g} ;b:on]
k|b]z ;efdf ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] cj:yf ePdf k|b]z k|d'vn]
To:tf] ;b:onfO{ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm d'VodGqLn] ljZjf;sf] dt k|fKt
ug{ g;s]df jf d'VodGqL lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df
k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efnfO{ lj36g u/L 5 dxLgfleq csf]{ k|b]z ;efsf]
lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g] u/L lgjf{rg ldlt tf]Sg]5 .
-*_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ePsf] k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd
kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] jf d'VodGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] k}+tL;
lbgleq o; wf/f adf]lhd d'VodGqL lgo'lQm ;DaGwL k|lqmof ;DkGg ug'{
kg{]5 .
-(_ k|b]z k|d'vn] d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf
;b:odWo]af6 ;dfj]zL l;4fGt adf]lhd d'VodGqL ;lxt k|b]z ;efsf
s'n ;b:o ;+Vofsf] aL; k|ltzt eGbf a9L gx'g] u/L] k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb
u7g ug]{5 .
83

:ki6Ls/0f M o; efusf] k|of]hgsf nflu dGqL eGgfn] dGqL, /fHo

dGqL / ;xfos dGqL ;Demg' k5{ .
-!)_ d'VodGqL / dGqL ;fd"lxs kdf k|b]z ;efk|lt pQ/bfoL
x'g]5g\ / dGqLx cfgf] dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut kdf
d'VodGqL / k|b]z ;efk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .
!^(= d'VodGqL tyf dGqLsf] kb l/Qm x''g] cj:yf M -!_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf
d'VodGqLsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ wf/f !** adf]lhd ljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t x'g
g;s]df jf lghsf] lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t
ePdf,
-u_ lgh k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-@_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf dGqLsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] d'VodGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ d'VodGqLn] lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df,
-u_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ jf -u_ adf]lhd
d'VodGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd d'VodGqLsf] kb l/Qm eP tfklg csf]{
k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb u7g geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{ ;~rfng
ug]{5 .
t/ d'VodGqLsf] d[To' ePdf csf{] d'VodGqL lgo'lQm geP;Ddsf
nflu jl/i7td dGqLn] d'VodGqLsf] kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
!&)= k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] JolQm dGqL x'g ;Sg] M -!_ wf/f !^* sf]
pkwf/f -(_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|b]z k|d'vn]
d'VodGqLsf] l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQmnfO{
dGqL kbdf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dGqLn] zky u|x0f u/]sf] ldltn]
5 dxLgfleq k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:otf k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
84

!&!=

!&@=

!&#=

!&$=

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:otf k|fKt

ug{ g;s]df tTsfn sfod /x]sf] k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfndf lgh dGqL
kbdf k'gM lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg tTsfn
sfod /x]sf] k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf k/flht ePsf] JolQm ;f] k|b]z
;efsf] sfo{sfndf pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd dGqL kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu
of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
d'VodGqL / dGqLsf] kfl/>lds tyf cGo ;'ljwf M d'VodGqL / dGqLsf]
kfl/>lds / cGo ;'ljwf k|b]z P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To:tf] P]g gag];Dd
k|b]z ;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
zky M d'VodGqL / dGqLn] k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf tyf /fHodGqL / ;xfos
dGqLn] d'VodGqL ;dIf cfgf] sfo{ef/ ;DxfNg' cl3 k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd kb tyf uf]kgLotfsf] zky lng' kg]{5 .
k|b]z k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg] M d'VodGqLn] b]xfosf ljifodf k|b]z
k|d'vnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg]5 M
-s_ k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf lg0f{o,
-v_ k|b]z ;efdf k]z ul/g] ljw]os,
-u_ v08 -s_ / -v_ df plNnlvt ljifodf k|b]z k|d'vn]
hfgsf/L dfu]sf] cGo cfjZos ljj/0f, /
-3_ k|b]zsf] ;d;fdlos kl/l:ylt .
k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ;~rfng M -!_ k|b]z ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL
adf]lhd k|b]z ;/sf/sf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ cGtu{tsf] lgodfjnLsf] kfng eof] jf ePg eGg]
k|Zg s'g} cbfntdf p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g .

85

efu!$
k|b]z Joj:yflksf
!&%= k|b]z Joj:yflksf M k|b]zsf] Joj:yflksf Ps;bgfTds x'g]5 h;nfO{
k|b]z ;ef elgg]5 .
!&^= k|b]z ;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s k|b]z ;efdf b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;+Vofdf
;b:o /xg]5g\ M
-s_ ;DalGwt k|b]zaf6 k|ltlglw ;efdf klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt
x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
bf]Aa/ ;+Vofdf x'g cfpg] ;b:o,
-v_ v08 -s_ adf]lhd sfod x'g] ;b:o ;+VofnfO{ ;f7L
k|ltzt dfgL afFsL rfnL; k|ltztdf ;dfg'kflts
lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6 lgjf{lrt x'g] ;b:o .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] ;b:o lgjf{rgsf nflu
e"uf]n / hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q sfod
ul/g]5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf ;f7L k|ltzt ;b:ox klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g]
lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd / rfnL; k|ltzt ;b:ox ;dfg'kflts
lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd x'g] k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] lgjf{rg sfg"g
adf]lhd jflnu dtflwsf/sf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f x'g]5 .
-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] k|b]zsf] If]qleq a;f]af; ug]{
k|To]s g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd s'g} Ps lgjf{rg If]qdf
dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd x'g] k|b]z ;efsf]
lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf hg;+Vofsf] cfwf/df
dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, v; cfo{, dw];L, yf, d'l:nd,
lk5l8Psf] If]q, cNk;+Vos ;d'bfo ;d]taf6 aGb ;"rLsf cfwf/df
k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To;/L pDd]bjf/L
lb+bf ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] ef}uf]lns ;Gt'ngnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; efusf] k|of]hgsf nflu v; cfo{ eGgfn] If]qL,
a|fDx0f, 7s'/L, ;+Gof;L -bzgfdL_ ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .
86

-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd /fhgLlts bnn] pDd]bjf/L lb+bf

ckf+utf ePsf JolQmsf] ;d]t k|ltlglwTj x'g] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-*_ k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn 5 dxLgf eGbf a9L cjlw afFsL 5Fb}
s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm ePdf To:tf] :yfg h'g lgjf{rg k|0ffnLaf6
k"lt{ ePsf] lyof] ;f]xL k|lqmoff/f k"lt{ ul/g]5 .
-(_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg k|b]z
;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ k|To]s /fhgLlts bnaf6 lgjf{lrt s'n ;b:o
;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps ltxfO ;b:o dlxnf x'g' kg]{5 . To;/L lgjf{lrt
ubf{ pkwf/f -!_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt ;b:ox dWo] s'g}
/fhgLlts bnsf] Ps ltxfO ;b:o dlxnf lgjf{lrt gePdf To:tf]
/fhgLlts bnn] ;f]xL pkwf/fsf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd ;b:o lgjf{lrt
ubf{ cfgf] bnaf6 k|b]z ;efdf lgjf{lrt x'g] s'n ;b:osf] sDtLdf Ps
ltxfO dlxnf ;b:o x'g] u/L lgjf{lrt ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!)_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:osf nflu x'g] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug]{
clwsf/ kfPsf] wf/f !&* adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf] s'g} klg JolQm
sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]zsf] s'g} klg lgjf{rg If]qaf6 pDd]bjf/ x'g
kfpg]5 .
t/ Pp6} JolQm Ps eGbf a9L lgjf{rg If]qdf Ps} k6s
pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-!!_ k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!&&= k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cufj} lj36g
ePsf]df afx]s k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;DalGwt
k|b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z nfu" /x]sf] cj:yfdf
k|b]z P]g adf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn Ps jif{df ga9\g] u/L yk ug{
;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd yk ul/Psf] k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn
;DalGwt k|b]zdf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z vf/]h ePsf]
ldltn] 5 dxLgf k'u]kl5 :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 .
!&*= k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:osf nflu of]Uotf M -!_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm
k|b]z ;efsf]] ;b:o x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
87

-s_
-v_
-u_
-3_
-_
-r_

g]kfnL gful/s,
;DalGwt k|b]zsf] dtbftf /x]sf],
kRrL; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf]],
g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L s;"/df ;hfo gkfPsf],
s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf], /
s'g} nfesf] kbdf axfn g/x]sf] .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf nflu nfesf]
kb eGgfn] lgjf{rg jf dgf]gogf/f k"lt{ ul/g]
/fhgLlts kb afx]s ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 kfl/>lds jf
cfly{s ;'ljwf kfpg] cGo kb ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] /fhgLlts kbdf axfn
/x]sf]] JolQm o; efu adf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o kbdf lgjf{lrt
ePdf To:tf] kbsf] zky u|x0f u/]sf] lbgb]lv lghsf] To:tf] kb :jtM
l/Qm x'g]5 .
!&(= k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] zky M k|b]z ;efsf ;b:oxn] k|b]z ;ef jf
To;sf] s'g} ;ldltsf] a}7sdf klxnf] k6s efu lng' cl3 k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd zky lng' kg]{5 .
!*)= k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm x'g] M b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|b]z
;efsf ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf
lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] wf/f !&* adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf gePdf jf g/x]df,
-u_ k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf jf lj36g ePdf,
-3_ lgh k|b]z ;efnfO{ ;"rgf glbO{ nuftf/ bz j6f a}7sdf
cg'kl:yt /x]df,
-_ h'g bnsf] pDd]bjf/ eO{ ;b:o lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] To:tf]
bnn] ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf] s'/f
;"lrt u/]df,
-r_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
88

!*!= k|b]z ;ef ;b:osf] cof]Uotf ;DaGwL lg0f{o M k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} ;b:o
wf/f !&* adf]lhd cof]Uo 5 jf x'g uPsf] 5 eGg] k|Zg p7]df To;sf]
lg0f{o ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;+j}wflgs Ohnf;n] ug{]5 .
!*@= k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v M -!_ k|b]z ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s
k|f/De ePsf] ldltn]] kGw| lbgleq k|b]z ;efsf ;b:oxn] cfkm"dWo]af6
k|b]z ;efd'v / k|b]z pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z
pk;efd'v dWo] Ps hgf dlxnf x'g] u/L ug{' kg]{5 / k|b]z ;efd'v jf
k|b]z pk;efd'v km/s km/s bnsf] k|ltlglw x'g' kg]{5 .
t/ k|b]z ;efdf Ps eGbf a9L bnsf] k|ltlglwTj gePsf] jf
k|ltlglwTj eP/ klg pDd]bjf/L glbPsf] cj:yfdf Ps} bnsf] ;b:o
k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z pk;efd'v x'g afwf kg]{ 5}g .
-#_ k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z pk;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm ePdf k|b]z
;efsf ;b:oxn] cfkm"dWo]af6 lgjf{rg u/L k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z
pk;efd'vsf] kb k"lt{ ug]{ 5g\ .
-$_ k|b]z ;efd'vsf] cg'kl:yltdf k|b]z pk;efd'vn] k|b]z
;efsf] cWoIftf ug]{5 .
-%_ k|b]z ;efd'v / k|b]z pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg gePsf] jf b'j}
kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pkl:yt ;b:o
dWo] pd]/sf] lx;fan] Ho]i7 ;b:on] ug]{5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efd'v jf k|b]z pk;efd'vsf]
kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lgh k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
t/ k|b]z ;ef
lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf cfgf] kbdf axfn /x]sf
k|b]z ;efd'v / k|b]z pk;efd'v k|b]z ;efsf nflu
x'g] csf{] lgjf{rgsf] pDd]bjf/L bflvn ug]{ cl3Nnf]
lbg;Dd cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5g\ .
-v_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-u_ lghn] kb cg's"n cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj k|b]z
;efsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
b'O{ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf .
89

!*#=

!*$=

!*%=

!*^=

-&_ k|b]z ;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj

pk/ 5nkmn x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf k|b]z pk;efd'vn] ug]{5 . To:tf]
k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf k|b]z ;efd'vn] efu lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .
k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] cfJxfg / cGTo M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z
;efsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff ePsf] ldltn]
aL; lbg leq k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg cfJxfg ug]{5 . To;kl5 o;
;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|b]z k|d'vn] ;do ;dodf cGo clwj]zg cfJxfg
ug{]5 .
t/ Pp6f clwj]zgsf] ;dflKt / csf]{ clwj]zgsf] k|f/Desf
aLrsf] cjlw 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-@_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zgsf] cGTo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg rfn" g/x]sf] jf a}7s
:ylut ePsf] cj:yfdf clwj]zg jf a}7s af]nfpg jf~5gLo 5 egL
k|b]z ;efsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:oxn] lnlvt
cg'/f]w u/]df To:tf] clwj]zg jf a}7s a:g] ldlt / ;do tf]Sg]5 .
To;/L tf]lsPsf] ldlt / ;dodf k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg k|f/De x'g] jf
a}7s a:g]5 .
k|b]z k|d'vaf6 ;Daf]wg M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7snfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ / To;sf nflu ;b:oxsf] pkl:yltsf] cfXjfg ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efsf nflu ePsf] lgjf{rg kl5sf] klxnf]
clwj]zg / k|To]s jif{sf] klxnf] clwj]zgsf] k|f/De ePkl5 k|b]z ;efsf]
a}7snfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{]5 .
k|b]z ;efsf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoyf n]lvPsf]df afx]s
k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] Ps rf}yfO ;b:o pkl:yt
geP;Dd s'g} k|Zg jf k|:tfj lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't ul/g] 5}g .
k|b]z ;efdf dtbfg M k|b]z ;efdf lg0f{osf nflu k|:t't ul/Psf]
h'g;'s} k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg ug]{ ;b:oxsf]
ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 . cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ dt lbg] clwsf/ x'g] 5}g .
t/ dt a/fa/ ePdf cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmn] cfgf] lg0ff{os dt
lbg]5 .
90

!*&= k|b]z ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z

;efdf k"0f{ jfs\ :jtGqtf /xg]5 / k|b]z ;efdf JoQm u/]sf] s'g} s'/f
jf lbPsf] s'g} dtnfO{ lnP/ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ kqmfp ug]{, y'gfdf /fVg]
jf lgh pk/ s'g} cbfntdf sf/afxL rnfOg] 5}g .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL k|b]z ;efnfO{ cfgf] sfd
sf/afxL / lg0f{o ug{] k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 / k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} sfd
sf/afxL lgoldt 5 jf 5}g egL lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ k|b]z ;efnfO{ dfq
x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fOg] 5}g .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] s'g} sf/afxL pk/ To;sf] c;n lgotaf/] z+sf
p7fO{ s'g} 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ul/g] 5}g / s'g} ;b:on] af]n]sf] s'g} s'/fsf]
;DaGwdf hfgLhfgL unt jf e|fds cy{ nufO{ s'g} k|sf/sf] k|sfzg
jf k|;f/0f ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -#_ sf] Joj:yf k|b]z ;ef ;b:o afx]s k|b]z
;efsf] a}7sdf efu lng kfpg] cGo JolQmsf xsdf klg nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ k|b]z ;efsf] clwsf/ cGtu{t s'g} lnvt, k|ltj]bg, dtbfg
jf sf/afxL k|sflzt u/]sf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ s'g} JolQm pk/ cbfntdf
sf/afxL rNg] 5}g .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkwf/f / pkwf/f -!_, -@_, -#_ / -$_ sf] k|of]hgsf
nflu k|b]z ;ef eGgfn] k|b]z ;efsf] ;ldltsf] a}7s ;d]tnfO{
hgfpF5 .
-^_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:onfO{ clwj]zg af]nfOPsf] ;"rgf hf/L
ePkl5 clwj]zg cGTo geP;Ddsf] cjlwe/ kqmfp ul/g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf s'g} ;b:onfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
kqmfp ug{ o; pkwf/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . To;/L s'g} ;b:o
kqmfp ul/Pdf kqmfp ug]{ clwsf/Ln] To;sf] ;"rgf k|b]z ;efsf]
cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ t'?Gt lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xggnfO{ k|b]z ;efsf] cjx]ngf dflgg]5 /
s'g} ljz]ifflwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug]{
clwsf/ k|b]z ;efnfO{ dfq x'g]5 .
-*_ s;}n] k|b]z ;efsf] cjx]ngf u/]df To:tf] ;efsf] cWoIftf
ug]{ JolQmn] k|b]z ;efsf] lg0f{oaf6 To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;r]t u/fpg,
g;Lxt lbg jf tLg dxLgfdf ga9\g] u/L s}b ug{ jf bz xhf/
91

?k}ofF;Dd hl/afgf ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x

c;"n pk/ ul/g]]5 .
t/ k|b]z ;efnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L To:tf] JolQmn] Ifdfofrgf
u/]df To:tf] ;efn] Ifdf k|bfg ug{ jf tf]ls;s]sf] ;hfonfO{ dfkmL jf
sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-(_ k|b]z ;efsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!**= ljZjf;sf] dt / cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ d'VodGqLn]
s'g} klg avt cfk"mdfly k|b]z ;efsf] ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug{
cfjZos jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf] dtsf nflu k|b]z ;ef ;dIf
k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ d'VodGqLn] k|ltlglwTj ug{] bn ljeflht ePdf jf k|b]z
;/sf/df ;xefuL bnn] cfgf] ;dy{g lkmtf{ lnPdf tL; lbgleq
d'VodGqLn] ljZjf;sf] dtsf nflu k|b]z ;ef ;dIf k|:tfj /fVg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] k|:tfj k|b]z ;efdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtn] kfl/t x'g g;s]df
d'VodGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 .
-$_ k|b]z ;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox dWo] Ps
rf}yfO ;b:on] d'VodGqLdfly k|b]z ;efsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL
lnlvtkdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ .
t/ d'VodGqL lgo'Qm ePsf] klxnf] b'O{ jif{;Dd / Psk6s /fv]sf]
cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj c;kmn ePsf] Ps jif{ leq To:tf] cljZjf;sf]
k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ubf{
d'VodGqLsf nflu k|:tfljt ;b:osf] gfd ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k|b]z
;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf d'VodGqL kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t eO{
d'VodGqLsf] kb l/Qm ePdf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd k|:tfj u/]sf] k|b]z
92

!*(=

!()=

!(!=

!(@=

!(#=

!($=

;ef ;b:onfO{ k|b]z k|d'vn] wf/f !^* adf]lhd d'VodGqL lgo'Qm

ug]{5 .
dGqL, /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf efu lng
kfpg] M dGqL, /fHodGqL / ;xfos dGqLn] k|b]z ;ef / To;sf]
;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt x'g / sf/afxL tyf 5nkmndf efu lng
kfpg]5 .
t/ k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos
dGqLn] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf jf To;sf] ;ldltdf dtbfg ug{ / k|b]z
;efsf] ;b:o /x]sf] dGqL, /fHodGqL jf ;xfos dGqLn] cfkm" ;b:o
/x]sf] ;ldlt afx]ssf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
k|b]z ;efdf cglwsf/ pkl:yt ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df ;hfo M wf/f
!&( adf]lhd zky glnPsf] jf k|b]z ;efsf] ;b:o gePsf] s'g} JolQm
;b:osf] x}l;otn] k|b]z ;ef jf To;sf] ;ldltsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt
ePdf jf dtbfg u/]df lghnfO{ To:tf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ JolQmsf]
cfb]zn] To;/L pkl:yt ePsf] jf dtbfg u/]sf] k|To]s k6ssf nflu
kfFr xhf/ ?k}ofF hl/afgf x'g]5 / To:tf] hl/afgf ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x
c;'n pk/ ul/g]]5 .
ax;df aGb]h M g]kfnsf] s'g} cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg d'2fsf ;DaGwdf
Gofo lgk0fdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ ljifo tyf GofofwLzn] st{Jo
kfngsf] l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] Goflos sfo{sf] ;DaGwdf k|b]z ;efdf s'g}
5nkmn ul/g] 5}g .
;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M k|b]z
;efsf] s'g} ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qm /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;d]t k|b]z ;efn]
cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5 / k|b]z ;efsf] sf/afxLdf efu lng
gkfpg] s'g} JolQmn] efu lnPsf] s'/f kl5 kQf nfUof] eg] klg
eO;s]sf] sfo{ cdfGo x'g] 5}g .
k|b]z ;efn] ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg] M k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{ k|0ffnLnfO{
Jojl:yt ug{ k|b]z ;efn] lgodfjnL adf]lhd cfjZostf cg';f/
;ldlt jf ljz]if ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
k|b]z ;efsf] sfo{ ;~rfng ljlw M k|b]z ;efn] cfgf] sfo{ ;~rfng
ug{, a}7ssf] ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg / ;ldltxsf] u7g, sfd, sf/afxL
/ ;ldlt ;DaGwL cGo ljifo lgoldt ug{sf nflu lgodfjnL
93

agfpg]5 . To;/L lgodfjnL gag];Dd k|b]z ;efn] cfgf] sfo{ljlw

cfkm}+ lgoldt ug{]5 .
!(%= k|b]z ;efsf] ;lrj / ;lrjfno M -!_ k|b]z k|d'vn] k|b]z ;efd'vsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|b]z ;efsf] ;lrj lgo'Qm ug{]5 .
-@_ k|b]z ;efsf] sfd sf/afxL ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg ug{sf
nflu Ps ;lrjfno /xg]5 . To:tf] ;lrjfnosf] :yfkgf / tt\;DaGwL
cGo Joj:yf k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;lrjsf] of]Uotf, sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
;]jfsf cGo zt{ k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!(^= kfl/>lds M k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v, pk;efd'v tyf ;b:osf] kfl/>lds
/ ;'ljwf k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . To:tf] sfg"g gag];Dd k|b]z
;/sf/n] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .

94

efu!%
k|b]z Joj:yfkg sfo{ljlw
!(&= k|b]z ;efsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M k|b]z ;efsf] Joj:yflksLo
clwsf/ cg';"rL^, cg';"rL& / cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v
eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!(*= k|b]z ;efdf ljw]os k|:t't ug]{ ljlw M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL
k|bz
] ;efdf ljw]os k|:t't ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-@_ cy{ ljw]os / zflGt ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]os ;/sf/L
ljw]ossf] kdf dfq k|:t't ul/g]5 .
-#_ cy{ ljw]os eGgfn] b]xfodf plNnlvt ;a} jf s'g}
ljifo;Fu ;DaGw /fVg] ljw]osnfO{ hgfpF5 M
-s_ k|b]zdf s/ nufpg], p7fpg], vf/]h ug]{, 5"6 lbg], kl/jt{g
ug]{ jf s/ k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ ljifo,
-v_ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifsf]
;+/If0f ug]{, To:tf] sf]ifdf /sd hDdf ug]{ jf To:tf]
sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd ljlgof]hg jf vr{ ug]{ jf ljlgof]hg
jf vr{ ug{ vf]lhPsf] /sd 36fpg], a9fpg] jf vf/]h ug]{
ljifo,
-u_ k|b]z ;/sf/n] C0f k|fKt ug]{ jf hdfgt lbg] ljifo
Jojl:yt ug]{ jf k|b]zsf] ;/sf/n] lnPsf] jf lng] cfly{s
bfloTj ;DaGwL sfg"g ;+zf]wg ug]{ ljifo,
-3_ k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifdf k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, C0f
c;'nLaf6 k|fKt /sd / cg'bfgsf] /sd lhDdf /fVg],
nufgL ug]{ jf k|b]z ;/sf/sf] n]vf jf n]vf k/LIf0f ug]{
ljifo, jf
-_ v08 -s_, -v_, -u_ jf -3_ ;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw ePsf
k|f;+lus ljifo .
t/ s'g} cg'dltkq b:t'/, lgj]bg b:t'/, gjLs/0f b:t'/ h:tf
b:t'/, z'Ns jf dx;"n nufpg] jf s'g} hl/jfgf jf s}b x'g] Joj:yf
ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os dflgg] 5}g .
95

-$_ s'g} ljw]os cy{ ljw]os xf] xf]Og eGg] k|Zg p7]df k|b]z
;efsf] ;efd'vsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
!((= ljw]os kfl/t ug]{ ljlw M -!_ k|b]z ;efn] kfl/t u/]sf] ljw]os
k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-@_ s'g} ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z ;efsf]
clwj]zgsf] cGTo eP klg ;f] ljw]osdfly csf]{ clwj]zgdf sf/afxL
x'g ;Sg]5 .
t/ s'g} ljw]os k|b]z ;efdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf k|b]z
;ef lj36g ePdf jf ;f] ;efsf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePdf To:tf] ljw]os
lgliqmo x'g]5 .
@))= ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;Sg] M ljw]os k|:t'tstf{n] k|b]z ;efsf] :jLs[lt lnO{
ljw]os lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .
@)!= ljw]osdf k|df0fLs/0f M -!_ wf/f !(( adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu
k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z ul/g] ljw]os k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'vn]] k|dfl0ft
u/L k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
t/ cy{ ljw]ossf xsdf cy{ ljw]os xf] egL k|b]z ;efd'vn]
k|dfl0ft ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ o; wf/f adf]lhd k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z
ePsf] ljw]os k|b]z k|d'vn] kGw| lbgleq k|df0fLs/0f u/L To;sf] ;"rgf
oyf;Dej rfF8f] k|b]z ;efnfO{ lbg]5 .
-#_ k|df0fLs/0fsf nflu k]z ePsf] cy{ ljw]os afx]s cGo
ljw]ossf] ;DaGwdf k'glj{rf/ x'g cfjZos 5 eGg] k|b]z k|d'vnfO{
nfu]df lghn] ljw]os k]z ePsf] kGw| lbgleq ;Gb]z ;lxt k|b]z ;efdf
lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd k|b]z k|d'vn] s'g} ljw]os ;Gb]z ;lxt
lkmtf{ u/]df To; ljw]osdfly k|b]z ;efn] k'glj{rf/ u/L To:tf] ljw]os
k|:t't kdf jf ;+zf]wg ;lxt kfl/t u/L k'gM k]z u/]df To;/L k]z
ePsf] kGw| lbg leq k|b]z k|d'vn] k|df0fLs/0f ug{]5 .
-%_ k|b]z k|d'vaf6 k|df0fLs/0f ePkl5 ljw]os P]g aGg]5 .

96

@)@= cWofb]z M -!_ k|b]z ;efsf] clwj]zg rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cGo
cj:yfdf tTsfn s]xL ug{ cfjZos k/]df k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df k|b]z k|d'vn] cWofb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd hf/L ePsf] cWofb]z P]g ;/x dfGo
x'g]5 .
t/ To:tf] k|To]s cWofb]z,
-s_ hf/L ePkl5 a;]sf] k|b]z ;efsf] a}7sdf k]z ul/g]5
/ k|b]z ;efn] :jLsf/ gu/]df :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5,
-v_ k|b]z k|d'vaf6 h'g;'s} avt vf/]h x'g ;Sg]5, /
-u_ v08 -s_ jf -v_ adf]lhd lgliqmo jf vf/]h gePdf
k|b]z ;efsf] a}7s a;]sf] ;f7L lbgkl5 :jtM lgliqmo
x'g]5 .

97

@)#=

@)$=

@)%=

@)^=

efu!^
k|b]z cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s k|b]zdf
s'g} s/ nufOg] / p7fOg] 5}g .
-@_ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s k|b]z ;/sf/n] s'g} C0f lng] /
hdfgt lbg] 5}g .
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if M u'7L /sd afx]s k|b]z ;/sf/nfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a}
k|sf/sf /fh:j, /fh:jsf] lwtf]df lnOPsf ;a} shf{, k|b]z P]gsf]
clwsf/ cGtu{t lbOPsf] h'g;'s} C0f c;'n x'Fbf k|fKt ePsf] ;a} wg /
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg Pj+ C0f /sd k|b]z P]gf/f csf]{
s'g} Joj:yf gul/Pdf Ps k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifdf cfDbfgL afFlwg]5
h;nfO{ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if elgg]5 .
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if jf k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 Joo M b]xfosf /sd afx]s
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]if jf cGo s'g} k|b]z ;/sf/L sf]ifaf6 s'g} /sd lemSg
;lsg] 5}g M
-s_ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ ePsf] /sd,
-v_ ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd vr{ x'g] /sd,
-u_ ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf
k]ZsLsf] kdf P]g adf]lhd vr{ x'g] /sd, jf
-3_ ljz]if cj:yfdf Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f]
vr{ P]gf/f Joo x'g] /sd .
t/ k|b]z cfsl:ds sf]ifsf xsdf wf/f @!@ adf]lhd x'g]5 .
k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ M b]xfosf ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt vr{ k|b]z
;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g]5 / To:tf] Joosf nflu k|b]z ;efsf]
:jLs[lt cfjZos kg]{ 5}g M
-s_ k|b]z ;efd'v / k|b]z pk;efd'vnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds /
;'ljwfsf /sd,
-v_ k|b]z nf]s;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ lbO{g]
kfl/>lds / ;'ljwfsf /sd,
-u_ k|b]z ;/sf/sf] bfloTjsf] C0f ;DaGwL Jooef/,
98

-3_

@)&=

@)*=
@)(=

@!)=

k|b]z ;/sf/sf] lj?4 cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf jf cfb]z

cg';f/ ltg'{ kg]{ /sd, /
-_ k|b]z sfg"gn] k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] egL
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] /sd .
/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ k|b]zsf] cy{dGqLn] k|To]s cfly{s jif{sf]
;DaGwdf k|b]z ;ef ;dIf b]xfosf s'/f ;d]t v'nfO{ jflif{s cg'dfg
k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ /fh:jsf] cg'dfg,
-v_ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifdfly Jooef/ x'g] cfjZos
/sdx, /
-u_ k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd Joo x'g] cfjZos
/sdx .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd jflif{s cg'dfg k]z ubf{ cl3Nnf] cfly{s
jif{df k|To]s dGqfnonfO{ 5'6\ofOPsf] vr{sf] /sd / vr{ cg';f/sf]
nIo xfl;n eof] jf ePg To;sf] ljj/0f klg ;fy} k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]g M k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd Joo x'g] /sd
zLif{sdf pNn]v u/L ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5g\ .
k"/s cg'dfg M -!_ s'g} cfly{s jif{df b]xfosf] cj:yf kg{ cfPdf
k|b]zsf] cy{dGqLn] k|b]z ;ef ;dIf k"/s cg'dfg k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ rfn" cfly{s jif{sf nflu k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd s'g}
;]jfsf nflu vr{ ug{ clVtof/L lbOPsf] /sd ckof{Kt
ePdf jf To; jif{sf nflu k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]gn] clwsf/
glbPsf] gofF ;]jfdf vr{ ug{ cfjZos ePdf, jf
-v_ rfn" cfly{s jif{df k|b]z ljlgof]hg P]g adf]lhd clVtof/L
lbPsf] /sdeGbf a9L vr{ x'g uPdf .
-@_ k"/s cg'dfgdf /flvPsf] /sd ;DalGwt zLif{sdf pNn]v
u/L k"/s ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf /flvg]5 .
k]ZsL vr{ M -!_ o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
k|b]z ljlgof]hg ljw]os ljrf/fwLg /x]sf] cj:yfdf cfly{s jif{sf nflu
cg'dfg ul/Psf] Joosf] s'g} c+z k]ZsLsf kdf k|b]z P]g adf]lhd vr{
ug{ ;lsg]5 .
99

-@_ wf/f @)& adf]lhd /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z gul/P;Dd

k]ZsL vr{ ljw]os k|:t't ul/g] 5}g / k]ZsLsf] /sd cfly{s jif{sf] Joo
cg'dfgsf] Ps ltxfO eGbf a9L x'g] 5}g .
-#_ k|b]z k]ZsL vr{ P]g adf]lhd vr{ ePsf] /sd k|b]z
ljlgof]hg ljw]osdf ;dfj]z ul/g]5 .
@!!= pwf/f] vr{ M o; efudf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
k|fs[lts sf/0f jf cGo sf/0fn] ubf{ k|b]zdf ;+s6sf] cj:yf k/L wf/f
@)& sf] pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd rflxg] ljj/0f v'nfpg cJofjxfl/s jf
k|b]zsf] ;'/Iff jf lxtsf] b[li6n] cjf~5gLo b]lvPdf k|b]zsf] cy{dGqLn]
Joosf] ljj/0f dfq ePsf] pwf/f] vr{ ljw]os k|b]z ;ef ;dIf k]z ug{
;Sg]5 .
@!@= k|b]z cfsl:ds sf]if M -!_ k|b]z P]g adf]lhd k|b]z cfsl:ds sf]ifsf]
gfdn] Pp6f sf]if :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf] sf]ifdf ;do ;dodf
k|b]z P]g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] /sd hDdf ul/g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sf]if k|b]z ;/sf/sf] lgoGq0fdf
/xg]5 . k|b]z ;/sf/n] To:tf] sf]ifaf6 cfsl:ds sfo{sf nflu vr{ ug{
;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] vr{sf] /sd k|b]z P]g adf]lhd
oyfzLw| ;f]wegf{ ul/g]5 .
@!#= cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL P]g M k|b]z P]g adf]lhd ljlgof]lht /sd Ps
zLif{saf6 csf]{ zLif{sdf /sdfGt/ ug{] / cfly{s sfo{ljlw ;DaGwL cGo
Joj:yf k|b]z P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

100

efu!&
:yfgLo sfo{kflnsf
@!$= :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ M -!_ :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL
clwsf/ of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ :yfgLo sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ cg';"rL* / cg';"rL(
adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfsf] zf;g Joj:yfsf] ;fdfGo lgb]{zg, lgoGq0f / ;~rfng
ug]{ cleef/f ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] x'g]5 .
-$_ ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf sfo{sfl/0fL sfo{ ufpF
sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] gfddf x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf]
gfddf x'g] lg0f{o jf cfb]z / tT;DaGwL clwsf/kqsf] k|df0fLs/0f
:yfgLo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@!%= ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf / pkfWoIf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s
ufpFkflnsfdf Ps hgf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf /xg]5 . lghsf]
cWoIftfdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ufpF sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf
pkfWoIf, k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt j8f cWoIf / pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
lgjf{lrt ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-#_ cWoIf / pkfWoIfsf] lgjf{rg ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf If]qleqsf
dtbftfn] Ps JolQm Ps dtsf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f klxnf] x'g]
lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd ug]{5g\ .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu cWoIf / pkfWoIf eGgfn]
ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ wf/f @@@ adf]lhdsf] ufpF ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd
kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq ufpF ;efsf ;b:oxn]
cfk"mdWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf rf/ hgf dlxnf ;b:o / pkwf/f -%_
adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ePsf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d'bfoaf6 ufpF ;efn]
lgjf{lrt u/]sf b'O{ hgf ;b:o ;d]t ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o x'g]5g\ .
101

-%_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf /

;b:osf] kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_ ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z
ePsf], /
-3_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-^_ cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt
ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-&_ cWoIfsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjf{lrt ePsf] JolQm
ufpFkflnsfsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-*_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf cWoIf, pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ cWoIfn] pkfWoIf ;dIf / pkfWoIfn] cWoIf;dIf
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-(_ cWoIf jf pkfWoIfsf] Ps jif{eGbf a9L kbfjlw afFsL /x]sf]
cj:yfdf pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd kb l/Qm x'g uPdf afFsL cjlwsf nflu
l/Qm kbsf] k"lt{ pklgjf{rgf/f x'g]5 .
@!^= gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s
gu/kflnsfdf Ps hgf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v /xg]5 . lghsf]
cWoIftfdf gu/ sfo{kflnsf u7g x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] gu/ sfo{kflnsfdf Ps hgf
pkk|d'v, k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt j8f cWoIf / pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
lgjf{lrt ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-#_ k|d'v / pkk|d'vsf] lgjf{rg ;DalGwt gu/kflnsf If]qleqsf
dtbftfn] Ps JolQm Ps dtsf] cfwf/df uf]Ko dtbfgf/f klxnf] x'g]
lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL adf]lhd ug]{ 5g\ .
102

:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu k|d'v / pkk|d'v eGgfn]

gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;Demg' k5{ .
-$_ wf/f @@# adf]lhdsf] gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd
kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] kGw| lbgleq gu/ ;efsf ;b:oxn]
cfk"mdWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf kfFr hgf dlxnf ;b:o / pkwf/f -%_
adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf ePsf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d'bfoaf6 gu/ ;efn]
lgjf{lrt u/]sf tLg hgf ;b:o ;d]t gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] ;b:o x'g]
5g\ .
-%_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm k|d'v, pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kbdf lgjf{lrt x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_ gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z
ePsf], /
-3_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-^_ k|d'v, pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgjf{lrt
ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-&_ k|d'vsf] kbdf b'O{ sfo{sfn lgjf{lrt ePsf] JolQm
gu/kflnsfsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}g .
-*_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf k|d'v, pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf /
;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ k|d'vn] pkk|d'v ;dIf / pkk|d'vn] k|d'v ;dIf
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-(_ k|d'v jf pkk|d'vsf] Ps jif{eGbf a9L kbfjlw afFsL /x]sf]
cj:yfdf pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhd kb l/Qm x'g uPdf afFsL cjlwsf nflu
l/Qm kbsf] k"lt{ pklgjf{rgf/f x'g]5 .
@!&= Goflos ;ldlt M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd cfgf] clwsf/If]q leqsf ljjfb
lgk0f ug{ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfn] k|To]s ufpFkflnsfdf
103

pkfWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf / k|To]s gu/kflnsfdf pkk|d'vsf]

;+of]hsTjdf tLg ;b:oLo Ps Goflos ;ldlt /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Goflos ;ldltdf ufpF ;ef jf gu/
;efaf6 cfk"mdWo]af6 lgjf{lrt u/]sf b'O{ hgf ;b:ox /xg]5g\ .
@!*= ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ ;~rfng M ufpF sfo{kflnsf
/ gu/ sfo{kflnsfaf6 :jLs[t lgodfjnL adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf
gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] sfo{ ljefhg / sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g]5 .
@!(= :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M o; efudf n]lvP
b]lv afx]s :yfgLo txsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf o;
;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@)= lhNnf ;ef / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt M -!_ lhNnf leqsf ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfxaLr ;dGjo ug{ Ps lhNnf ;ef /xg]5 .
-@_ lhNnf ;efdf lhNnf leqsf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf /
pkfWoIf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsf k|d'v / pkk|d'v ;b:o /xg]5g\ . ufpF
;ef / gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] clGtd kl/0ffd k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] tL;
lbg leq lhNnf ;efsf] klxnf] a}7s a:g]5 .
-#_ lhNnf ;efn] Ps hgf k|d'v, Ps hgf pkk|d'v, sDtLdf
tLg hgf dlxnf / sDtLdf Ps hgf blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;lxt a9Ldf
gf} hgf ;b:o /x]sf] lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] lgjf{rg ug]{5 . lhNnf
;dGjo ;ldltn] lhNnf ;efsf] tkm{af6 ug'{ kg]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg
ug]{5 .
-$_ ;DalGwt lhNnfleqsf] ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efsf] ;b:o
lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v, pkk|d'v jf ;b:o kbsf] pDd]bjf/ x'g
of]Uo x'g]5 . lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v pkk|d'v jf ;b:osf] kbdf
lgjf{lrt ePdf To:tf] JolQmsf] ufpF ;ef jf gu/ ;efsf] ;b:o kb
:jtM l/Qm x'g]5 .
-%_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v, pkk|d'v / ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgjf{lrt ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|d'v,
pkk|d'v jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ k|d'vn] pkk|d'v ;dIf / pkk|d'v jf ;b:on] k|d'v
;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
104

-v_ lghsf] kbfjlw ;dfKt ePdf,

-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-&_ lhNnf ;efsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_ lhNnfleqsf ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo
ug]{,
-v_ ljsf; tyf lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{df ;Gt'ng sfod
ug{ ;f]sf] cg'udg ug]{,
-u_ lhNnfdf /xg] ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{no /
ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo ug]{,
-3_ k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhdsf cGo sfo{x ug]{ .
-*_ lhNnf ;efsf] ;~rfng, lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf ;b:on]
kfpg] ;'ljwf tyf lhNnf ;ef ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

105

efu!*
:yfgLo Joj:yflksf
@@!= :yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL
:yfgLo txsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efdf lglxt
/xg]5 .
-@_ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] Joj:yflksLo clwsf/ cg';"rL*
/ cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf pNn]v eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@@= ufpF ;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s ufpFkflnsfdf Ps ufpF ;ef /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ufpF ;efdf ufpF sfo{kflnsf cWoIf
/ pkfWoIf, j8f cWoIf / k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt rf/hgf ;b:o /
wf/f @!% sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d'bfoaf6
lgjf{lrt ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] ufpF ;efdf k|To]s j8faf6
sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
-$_ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd ufpFkflnsfdf /xg] k|To]s j8fdf j8f
cWoIf / rf/hgf ;b:ox /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 . To:tf] j8f
cWoIf / j8f ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf
gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd
dtbfg ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm ufpF ;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf
pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_ ufpFkflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf], /
-3_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-&_ ufpF ;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
106

@@#= gu/ ;efsf] u7g M -!_ k|To]s gu/kflnsfdf Ps gu/ ;ef /xg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] gu/ ;efdf gu/sfo{kflnsfsf k|d'v
/ pkk|d'v, j8f cWoIf / k|To]s j8faf6 lgjf{lrt rf/hgf ;b:o /
wf/f @!^ sf] pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd blnt jf cNk;+Vos ;d'bfoaf6
lgjf{lrt gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g x'g] gu/ ;efdf k|To]s j8faf6
sDtLdf b'O{hgf dlxnfsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]5 .
-$_ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd gu/kflnsfdf /xg] k|To]s j8fdf j8f
cWoIf / rf/hgf ;b:ox /x]sf] j8f ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 . To:tf] j8f
cWoIf / j8f ;b:osf] lgjf{rg klxnf] x'g] lgjf{lrt x'g] lgjf{rg k|0ffnL
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf] gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf
gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd dtbfg
ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm gu/ ;efsf] ;b:osf] kbdf
pDd]bjf/ x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ g]kfnL gful/s,
-v_ PSsfO; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-u_ gu/kflnsfsf] dtbftf gfdfjnLdf gfd ;dfj]z ePsf], /
-3_ s'g} sfg"gn] cof]Uo gePsf] .
-&_ gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rg / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@$= ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] cWoIf / pkfWoIf M ufpF sfo{kflnsfsf] cWoIf
/ pkfWoIf tyf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] k|d'v / pkk|d'vn] qmdzM ufpF ;ef
/ gu/ ;efsf] kb]g cWoIf / pkfWoIf eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
@@%= ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] sfo{sfn M ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] sfo{sfn
lgjf{rg ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{sf] x'g]5 . To:tf] sfo{sfn ;dfKt ePsf]
5 dxLgfleq csf{] ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{' kg{]5 .

107

@@^= sfg"g agfpg ;Sg] M -!_ ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efn] cg';"rL* /
cg';"rL( adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf plNnlvt ljifodf cfjZos sfg"g
agfpg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg"g agfpg] k|lqmof k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@@&= ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;ef ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf]
;~rfng, a}7ssf] sfo{ljlw, ;ldlt u7g, ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf,
ufpF ;ef / gu/ ;efsf ;b:on] kfpg] ;'ljwf, ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfsf] sd{rf/L / sfof{no ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf k|b]z sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .

108

efu!(
:yfgLo cfly{s sfo{k|0ffnL
@@*= s/ nufpg jf C0f lng gkfOg] M -!_ sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s :yfgLo
txdf s'g} s/ nufpg, p7fpg / C0f lng kfOg] 5}g .
-@_ :yfgLo txn] cfgf] clwsf/ If]qleqsf] ljifodf /fli6o
cfly{s gLlt, j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cf];f/ k;f/, k"FhL tyf >d ahf/,
l5d]sL k|b]z jf :yfgLo txnfO{ k|lts"n gx'g] u/L sfg"g agfO{ s/
nufpg ;Sg]5 .
@@(= :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]if M -!_ :yfgLo tx cGtu{tsf k|To]s ufpFkflnsf /
gu/kflnsfdf Ps :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]if /xg]5 . To:tf] sf]ifdf
ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;a} k|sf/sf] /fh:j, g]kfn
;/sf/ / k|b]z ;/sf/af6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg tyf ufpFkflnsf jf
gu/kflnsfn] lnPsf] C0f /sd / cGo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt x'g] /sd hDdf
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] :yfgLo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 ug{ ;lsg]
vr{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf :yfgLo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@#)= ufpFkflnsf / gu/kflnsfsf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg M -!_ o;
;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfn] k|To]s
cfly{s jif{sf] /fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg :yfgLo sfg"g adf]lhd ufpF
;ef jf gu/ ;efdf k]z u/L kfl/t u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
/fh:j / Joosf] cg'dfg k]z ubf{ 3f6f ah]6 lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{ ePdf
;+3Lo sfg"g / k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd 3f6f k"lt{ ug]{ ;|f]t ;d]tsf] k|:tfj
ug'{ kg]{5 .

109

efu@)
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLr cGt/;DaGw
@#!= ;+3 / k|b]z aLrsf] Joj:yflksLo cGt/;DaGw M -!_ ;+3Lo sfg"g
g]kfne/ jf cfjZostf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] s'g} If]qdf dfq nfu" x'g] u/L
agfpg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ k|b]z sfg"g k|b]ze/ jf cfjZostf cg';f/ k|b]zsf] s'g}
If]qdf dfq nfu" x'g] u/L agfpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L k|b]zn] cg';"rL^ df plNnlvt s'g}
ljifodf sfg"g agfpg g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf cg'/f]w u/]df ;+3Lo ;+;bn]
cfjZos sfg"g agfpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] sfg"g ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] xsdf
dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
@#@= ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] ;DaGw M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx
aLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;dGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t
x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] /fli6o dxTjsf ljifodf / k|b]zx aLr
;dGjo ug'{kg]{ ljifodf k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb]{zgsf] kfng ug'{
;DalGwt k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-#_ s'g} k|b]zdf g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf,
/fli6otf jf :jfwLgtfdf uDeL/ c;/ kg]{ lsl;dsf] sfo{ ePdf
/fi6kltn] To:tf] k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ ;r]t u/fpg,
k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb / k|b]z ;efnfO{ a9Ldf 5 dxLgf;Dd lgnDag ug{ jf
lj36g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd s'g} k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb / k|b]z ;ef
lgnDag jf lj36g u/]sf]df To:tf] sfo{ k}+tL; lbg leq ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]
tTsfn sfod /x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dtaf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg'
kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] lj36g ;DaGwL sfo{ ;+3Lo
;+;baf6 cg'df]bg ePdf To:tf] k|b]zdf 5 dxLgfleq k|b]z ;efsf]
lgjf{rg x'g]5 .

110

t/ ;+3Lo ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg gePdf To:tf] lgnDag jf lj36g

;DaGwL sfo{ :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] lgnDag pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd
cg'df]bg ePdf To:tf] lgnDagsf] cjlwe/ / pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd
k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg geP;Ddsf nflu To:tf] k|b]zdf ;+3Lo zf;g
sfod /xg]5 .
-&_ ;+3Lo zf;g sfod /x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cg';"rL^
adf]lhdsf] ;"rLdf k/]sf] ljifodf sfg"g agfpg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] sfg"g
;DalGwt k|b]z ;efn] csf{] sfg"g agfO{ vf/]h gu/];Dd axfn /xg]5 .
-*_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfkm} jf k|b]z ;/sf/ dfkm{t ufpF
sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfnfO{ of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ / lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 . To:tf] lgb{]zgsf]
kfng ug{' ufpF sfo{kflnsf jf gu/ sfo{kflnsfsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
@##= k|b]zk|b]z aLrsf] ;DaGw M -!_ Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]zsf] sfg"gL
Joj:yf jf Goflos Pj+ k|zf;sLo lg0f{o jf cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjogdf
;xof]u ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]z;Fu ;femf rf;f], ;/f]sf/ / lxtsf]
ljifodf ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{, k/fdz{ ug{, cfgf] sfo{ / ljwfogsf
af/]df cfk;df ;dGjo ug{ / cfk;L ;xof]u lj:tf/ ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ Ps k|b]zn] csf]{ k|b]zsf] afl;GbfnfO{ cfgf] k|b]zsf] sfg"g
adf]lhd ;dfg ;'/Iff, Jojxf/ / ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{5 .
@#$= cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifb M -!_ ;+3 / k|b]z aLr tyf k|b]zk|b]z aLr pTkGg
/fhgLlts ljjfb ;dfwfg ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] Ps cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifb
/xg]5 M
-s_ k|wfgdGqL
cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf u[xdGqL
;b:o
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL
;b:o
-3_ ;DalGwt k|b]zsf d'VodGqL
;b:o
-@_ cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifbsf] a}7s cfjZostf cg';f/ a:g]5 .

111

-#_ cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifbn] cfgf] j}7sdf ljjfbsf] ljifo;Fu

;DalGwt g]kfn ;/sf/sf] dGqL / ;DalGwt k|b]zsf] dGqL tyf
ljz]if1nfO{ cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ cGt/ k|b]z kl/ifbsf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw ;f] kl/ifb
cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@#%= ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx aLrsf] ;dGjo M -!_ ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx
aLr ;dGjo sfod ug{ ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cfjZos sfg"g agfpg]5 .
-@_ k|b]z, ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsf aLr ;dGjo sfod ug{ /
s'g} /fhgLlts ljjfb pTkGg ePdf k|b]z ;efn] ;DalGwt ufpFkflnsf,
gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldlt;Fu ;dGjo u/L To:tf] ljjfbsf]
;dfwfg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ljjfb ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof / sfo{ljlw
k|b]z sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@#^= cGt/ k|b]z Jofkf/ M o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP
tfklg Ps k|b]z jf :yfgLo txaf6 csf]{ k|b]z jf :yfgLo txsf] If]qdf
x'g] j:t'sf] 9'jfgL jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ jf s'g} k|b]z jf :yfgLo txsf]
If]qdf x'g] j:t'sf] 9'jfgL jf ;]jfsf] lj:tf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] afwf
cj/f]w ug{ jf s'g} s/, z'Ns, b:t'/ jf dx;"n nufpg jf To:tf] ;]jf
jf j:t'sf] 9'jfgL jf lj:tf/df s'g} lsl;dsf] e]befj ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
@#&= ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;+j}wflgs Ohnf;sf] clwsf/ If]qdf c;/ gkg]{ M o;
efudf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] wf/f !#& adf]lhdsf] ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf]
;+j}wflgs Ohnf;sf] clwsf/ If]qdf s'g} c;/ kg]{ 5}g .

112

efu@!
clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u
@#*= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps clVtof/
b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u /xg]5 h;df k|d'v cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf
cfo'Qmx /xg]5g\ . k|d'v cfo'Qmn] clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v cfo'Qm /
cfo'Qmsf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf]
x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qm tyf cfo'Qmsf] k'gM
lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 /
To:tf] cfo'Qm k|d'v cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'Qm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf
ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]usf] k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
113

-u_

n]vf, /fh:j, OlGhlgol/, sfg"g, ljsf; jf cg';Gwfgsf]

If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{ sfd u/L cg'ej / Voflt k|fKt
u/]sf],
-3_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-&_ k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . k|d'v cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfgf] kbdf axfn
/x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g]
5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ k|d'v cfo'Qm jf cfo'Qm eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@#(= clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ s'g}
;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmn] e|i6frf/ u/L clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u
u/]sf] ;DaGwdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] sfg"g adf]lhd
cg';Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
t/ o; ;+ljwfgdf 5'} Joj:yf ePsf] kbflwsf/L / cGo sfg"gn]
5'} ljz]if Joj:yf u/]sf] kbflwsf/Lsf] xsdf of] pkwf/f nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-@_ wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t eO{ kbd'Qm x'g]
JolQm, Gofo kl/ifbaf6 kbd'Qm x'g] GofofwLz / ;}lgs P]g adf]lhd
sf/afxL x'g] JolQmsf xsdf lgh kbd'Qm eO;s]kl5 ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd cg';Gwfg ug{ jf u/fpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 ;fj{hlgs
kb wf/0f u/]sf] s'g} JolQmn] sfg"g adf]lhd e|i6frf/ dflgg] s'g} sfd
u/]sf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] To:tf] JolQm / ;f]
ck/fwdf ;+nUg cGo JolQm pk/ sfg"g adf]lhd clwsf/ k|fKt
cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ jf u/fpg ;Sg]5 .
114

-$_ pkwf/f -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd ePsf] cg';Gwfgaf6 ;fj{hlgs

kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] sfd sf/afxL cGo clwsf/L jf lgsfosf]
clwsf/If]q cGtu{t kg{] k|s[ltsf] b]lvPdf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]un] cfjZos sf/afxLsf nflu ;DalGwt clwsf/L jf lgsfo ;dIf
n]vL k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]un] cg';Gwfg ug]{ jf d'2f
rnfpg] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
k|d'v cfo'Qm, s'g} cfo'Qm jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] clws[t sd{rf/LnfO{
tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug{] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{
;Sg]5 .
-^_ clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

115

efu@@
dxfn]vf k/LIfs
@$)= dxfn]vf k/LIfs M -!_ g]kfndf Ps dxfn]vf k/LIfs x'g]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dxfn]vf k/LIfssf]
lgo'lQm ug{]5 .
-#_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k'gM lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf]] JolQm dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kbdf
lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 Joj:yfkg, jfl0fHozf:q jf
n]vfdf :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/L jf rf6{8{ PsfpG6]G;L
k/LIff pQL0f{ u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] kbdf
sfd u/]sf] jf n]vf k/LIf0f ;DaGwL sfddf sDtLdf aL;
jif{ cg'ej k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}Ftfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
116

-&_ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g

adf]lhd x'g]5 . dxfn]vf k/LIfs cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{
dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ dxfn]vf k/LIfs eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@$!= dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fi6klt /
pk/fi6kltsf] sfof{no, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+3Lo ;+;b, k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z
;/sf/, :yfgLo tx, ;+j}wflgs lgsfo jf ;f]sf] sfof{no, cbfnt,
dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no / g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L
an, g]kfn nufotsf ;a} ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{nosf] n]vf
sfg"g adf]lhd lgoldttf, ldtJolotf, sfo{bIftf, k|efjsfl/tf /
cf}lrTo ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f x'g]5 .
-@_ krf; k|ltzteGbf a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ jf
k|b]z ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0fsf nflu
n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ubf{ dxfn]vf k/LIfs;Fu k/fdz{ ul/g]5 . To:tf]
;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ;DaGwdf
dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ dxfn]vf k/LIfsnfO{ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfdsf nflu
n]vf ;DaGwL sfuhkq h'g;'s} avt x]g{ kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
dxfn]vf k/LIfs jf To;sf s'g} sd{rf/Ln] dfu u/]sf] h'g;'s} sfuhkq
tyf hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg' ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'vsf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd n]vfk/LIf0f ul/g] n]vf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd dxfn]vf k/LIfsn] tf]s]sf] 9fFrfdf /flvg]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -!_ df pNn]v ePsf sfof{noxsf] n]vfsf cltl/Qm
cGo s'g} sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] dxfn]vf k/LIfsaf6 n]vfk/LIf0f ug'{ kg]{
u/L ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
117

efu@#
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u
@$@= nf]s ;]jf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf nf]s ;]jf cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf /
cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df nf]s ;]jf
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .
-#_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf ;b:oxdWo] sDtLdf krf; k|ltzt
;b:o aL; jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L cjlw;Dd s'g} ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sf
JolQmx dWo]af6 / afFsL ;b:ox lj1fg, k|ljlw, snf, ;flxTo,
sfg"g, hgk|zf;g, ;dfhzf:q jf /fli6o hLjgsf cGo If]qdf zf]w,
cg';Gwfg, cWofkg jf cGo s'g} dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ u/L Voflt k|fKt u/]sf
JolQmx dWo]af6 lgo'Qm x'g]5g\ .
-$_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -$_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
118

-&_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf

;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt
u/]sf],
-v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-*_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf
zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:o
cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghxnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds /
;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-(_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo
;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@$#= nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf
lgo'lQmsf nflu pko'Qm pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6 ug{ k/LIff ;~rfng ug'{ nf]s
;]jf cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb eGgfn]
;}lgs jf g]kfn k|x/L jf ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfnsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf]
kb tyf lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb xf]Og egL P]g adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cGo
;]jfsf] kb afx]s g]kfn ;/sf/sf c? ;a} ;]jfsf] kb ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kb afx]s g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q
k|x/L an, g]kfn, cGo ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jf / ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] kbdf
kbk"lt{sf nflu lnO{g] lnlvt k/LIff nf]s;]jf cfof]un] ;~rfng ug{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; wf/fsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+ul7t ;+:yf eGgfn]
ljZjljBfno / lzIfs ;]jf cfof]u afx]ssf krf; k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf
119

a9L z]o/ jf hfoh]yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj jf lgoGq0f ePsf]

;+:yfg, sDkgL, a}+s, ;ldlt jf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd :yflkt jf g]kfn
;/sf/f/f ul7t cfof]u, ;+:yfg, k|flws/0f, lgud, k|lti7fg, af]8{, s]Gb|,
kl/ifb / o:t} k|s[ltsf cGo ;+ul7t ;+:yf ;Demg' k5{ .
-#_ g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn / cGo
;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jfsf kbdf a9'jf ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf]
ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg{]5 .
-$_ s'g} ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf] ;]jfsf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf zt{ ;DaGwL
sfg"g / To:tf] ;]jfsf kbdf a9'jf / ljefuLo sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg'
kg{] ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg{]5 .
-%_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgj[lQe/0f kfpg] kbdf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf]
k/fdz{ ljgf :yfoL lgo'lQm ul/g] 5}g .
-^_ b]xfosf ljifodf nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' kg]{5 M
-s_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] zt{ ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] ljifodf,
-v_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf jf kbdf lgo'lQm, a9'jf / ljefuLo
sf/afxL ubf{ ckgfpg' kg]{ l;4fGtsf] ljifodf,
-u_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf 5 dxLgfeGbf a9L ;dosf
nflu lgo'lQm ubf{ pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,
-3_ s'g} Ps k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 csf]{
k|sf/sf] ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf jf cGo ;/sf/L
;]jfaf6 ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfdf ;?jf jf a9'jf ubf{ jf
s'g} k|b]zsf] lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 ;+3Lo lghfdtL
;]jfsf] kbdf jf ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbaf6 k|b]z
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] kbdf ;]jf kl/jt{g jf :yfgfGt/0f ubf{
pDd]bjf/sf] pko'Qmtfsf] ljifodf,
-_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng' gkg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf
axfn /x]sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] k/fdz{ lng'
kg]{ cj:yfsf] kbdf :yfoL ;?jf jf a9'jf ug]{ ljifodf, /
-r_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ lbOg] ljefuLo
;hfosf] ljifodf .

120

-&_ pkwf/f -^_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg wf/f !%$

adf]lhdsf] Gofo ;]jf cfof]usf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg{] ljifodf ;f]xL
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-*_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g}
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf s'g} ;b:o jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng
ug]{ u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-(_ nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@$$= k|b]z nf]s ;]jf cfof]u ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|To]s k|b]zdf k|b]z nf]s
;]jf cfof]u /xg]5 .
-@_ k|b]z nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] u7g, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|b]z
sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bn] sfg"g agfO{
cfwf/ / dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{]5 .

121

efu@$
lgjf{rg cfof]u
@$%= lgjf{rg cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps lgjf{rg cfof]u /xg]5 h;df k|d'v
cfo'Qm / cGo rf/ hgf cfo'Qm /xg]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmn]
lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cWoIf eO{ sfd ug{]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|d'v lgjf{rg
cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm tyf
cfo'Qmsf] k'gM lgol'Qm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ cfo'QmnfO{ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{
;lsg]5 / To:tf] cfo'Qm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf
lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ cfo'Qm ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf
ul/g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf
lgjf{rg cfo'Qm kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
122

-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .

-&_ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qmsf]] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5g\ . k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm cfgf]
kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghxnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{
kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / cfo'Qm eO;s]sf]
JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@$^= lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] o;
;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fi6klt, pk/fi6klt, ;+3Lo
;+;bsf ;b:o, k|b]z ;efsf ;b:o, :yfgLo txsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rgsf]]
;+rfng, /]vb]v, lgb]{zg / lgoGq0f ug{]5 . lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu
dtbftfsf] gfdfjnL tof/ ug{] sfo{ lgjf{rg cfof]un] ug{]5 .
-@_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] o; ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
/fli6o dxTjsf] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|x u/fpg]5 .
-#_ /fi6klt, pk/fi6klt, ;+3Lo ;+;bsf ;b:o, k|b]z ;ef ;b:o
jf :yfgLo txsf ;b:osf nflu pDd]bjf/Lsf] dgf]gog btf{ eO;s]sf]
t/ lgjf{rg kl/0ffd 3f]if0ff eO{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf s'g} pDd]bjf/sf]
of]Uotf ;DaGwdf s'g} k|Zg p7]df To;sf] lg0f{o lgjf{rg cfof]un]
ug]{5 .
-$_ lgjf{rg cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo] s'g}
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm, s'g} lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf
;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf kfng ug]{
u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
123

@$&= cfjZos ;xof]u ug{' kg{] M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{

cfgf] sfd k"/f ug{ cfjZos kg{] sd{rf/L / cGo ;xof]u g]kfn
;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .

124

efu@%
/fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u
@$*= /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o dfgj clwsf/
cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-#_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM
lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm
x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-u_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]
cWoIf jf ;b:o kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{gsf]
If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'ofPsf k|wfg GofofwLz jf
;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLzsf] kbaf6 ;]jflgj[Q JolQm jf
dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g jf /fli6o hLjgsf
125

ljleGg If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{ lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6

of]ubfg k'ofO{ Vofltk|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ ;b:osf] xsdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g,
afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf] If]qdf sfo{/t jf /fli6o hLjgsf
ljleGg If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{ lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6
of]ubfg k'ofO{ Vofltk|fKt u/]sf],
-u_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-3_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],
-_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-r_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-&_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds
/ ;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 . /fli6o dfgj clwsf/
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:o cfgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghxnfO{ dsf{
kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf]
JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@$(= /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ dfgj
clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo
x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{ nflu /fli6o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]un] b]xfo adf]lhdsf sfd ug{]5 M
-s_ s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g jf To;sf]
b'?T;fxg ePsf]df kLl8t cfkm}+ jf lghsf] tk{maf6 s;}n]
cfof]u ;dIf k|:t't jf k|]lift u/]sf] lgj]bg jf ph"/L jf
126

s'g} ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] jf cfof]usf]

hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf] ljifodf 5fglag tyf cg';Gwfg u/L
bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],
-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf
st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]df jf
st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf st{Jo
kfng ug{ pbf;Lgtf b]vfPdf To:tf] kbflwsf/L pk/
ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/;
ug{],
-u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug{] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf lj?4 d'2f
rnfpg' kg{] cfjZostf ePdf sfg"g adf]lhd cbfntdf
d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],
-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;Fu
;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{],
-_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf
;hfo ug{ sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf
l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"gsf] cfjlws kdf
k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf To;df ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/ tyf
;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-5_ dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6o ;lGw jf
;Demf}tfsf] g]kfn kIf aGg' kg{] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxt
g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] / g]kfn kIf alg;s]sf
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg
u/L sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug{
g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfng jf
sfof{Gjog gug{] kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd
sfg"g adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/
pNn+3gstf{sf] kdf clen]v /fVg] .
-#_ dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf st{Jo
kfng ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5 M
127

-s_

s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf

aofg lng] jf askq u/fpg], k|df0f a'g], bzL k|df0f
bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf]
clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],
-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g x'g nfu]sf] jf eO;s]sf]
;"rgf cfof]un] s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df s'g} JolQm jf
lghsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodf ljgf ;"rgf k|j]z ug{],
vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj
clwsf/sf] pNn+3g;Fu ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0f jf ;a't
sAhfdf lng],
-u_ s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g eO/x]sf] s'/f
hfgsf/L eO{ tTsfn sf/afxL ug{' kg{] cfjZos b]lvPdf
ljgf ;"rgf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{] /
p4f/ ug{],
-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gaf6 kLl8tnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfb]z lbg] .
-$_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ dWo] s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;f] cfof]usf] cWoIf, s'g}
;b:o jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL
k|of]u tyf kfng ug{] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
tyf sfo{ljlw ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

128

efu@^
/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u
@%)= /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o
k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf ;lxt a9Ldf kfFr
hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o k|fs[lts
;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf]
kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf]
kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf]] JolQm /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ
cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf :gfts
pkflw xfl;n u/L k|fs[lts ;|f]t jf ljQ Joj:yfkg,
129

cy{zf:q, sfg"g, Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{

lqmofzLn /xL ljz]if1tf xfl;n u/]sf],
-v_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-&_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf]
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 / lghx axfn
/x];Dd lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g]
5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o
eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@%!= /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_
/fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo
adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ ;+ljwfg / sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 ;+3,
k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ lj:t[t
cfwf/ / 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug]{,
-v_ ;+3Lo ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg
ul/g] ;dfgLs/0f cg'bfg ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_ /fli6o gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, dfgs, k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf
cg';f/ k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ;zt{
cg'bfgsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L cfwf/ tof/
ug]{,
-3_ k|b]z ;l~rt sf]ifaf6 k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/aLr
/fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ lj:t[t cfwf/ / 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug]{,
130

-_

;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] vr{ lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{] /

/fh:j c;'nLdf ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ pkfoxsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_ ;dli6ut cfly{s ;"rsxsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;+3, k|b]z /
:yfgLo ;/sf/n] lng ;Sg] cfGtl/s C0fsf] ;Ldf
l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-5_ ;+3 / k|b]z ;/sf/sf] /fh:j afF8kmfF8 cfwf/sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg u/L kl/dfh{gsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-h_ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]z ;/sf/
/ :yfgLo txsf] nufgL tyf k|ltkmnsf] lx:;f lgwf{/0fsf]
cfwf/ to u/L l;kmfl/; ug{],
-em_ k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL ljifodf ;+3 / k|b]z,
k|b]z / k|b]z, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx tyf :yfgLo txx
aLr p7\g ;Sg] ;+efljt ljjfbsf] ljifodf cWoog
cg';Gwfg u/L To;sf] lgjf/0f ug{ ;dGjofTds kdf
sfd ug{ ;'emfj lbg] .
-@_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]un] k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf]
afF8kmfF8 ubf{ ;f];Fu ;DalGwt jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg ;DaGwdf
cfjZos cWoog / cg';Gwfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 .
-#_ /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/, k|fs[lts ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng ubf{ jf /fh:jsf] afF8kmfF8 ubf{
ckgfpg' kg]{ lj:t[t cfwf/, cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lxsf] ;]jfsf zt{
nufot cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

131

efu@&
cGo cfof]ux
@%@= /fli6o dlxnf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o dlxnf cfof]u /xg]5 .
h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o dlxnf
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-#_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]u k|:tfj kfl/t
ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf
/ ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ dlxnfsf] xs, lxt jf n}+lus Gofo jf
dlxnf ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/ / sfg"gsf] If]qdf
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf] dlxnf,

132

-v_

cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts

pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-u_ k}t+ fln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],
-3_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
/
-_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-&_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /
;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 / lghx axfn /x];Dd
lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>+[Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm
cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@%#= /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o dlxnf
cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ dlxnfsf] xs lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]
th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z
ug]{,
-v_ dlxnfsf] xs lxt;Fu ;DalGwt sfg"g jf g]kfn kIf ePsf]
cGt/f{li6o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf cGtu{tsf] bfloTj
sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg u/L To;sf]
k|efjsf/L kfng jf sfof{Gjogsf] pkfo ;lxt g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-u_ dlxnfnfO{ /fli6o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ug{ tyf
/fHosf ;a} lgsfodf ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
ug{ df}h"bf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff, cg'udg tyf

133

d"Nof+sg ug]{ / To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu

g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-3_ n}+lus ;dfgtf, dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f tyf dlxnf;Fu
;DalGwt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg u/L To:tf
sfg"gdf ug'{kg]{ ;'wf/sf ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt lgsfonfO{
l;kmfl/; ug]{ / ;f]sf] cg'udg ug]{,
-_ dlxnf clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf] cGt/f{li6o
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd g]kfnn]
k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
;'emfj lbg],
-r_ dlxnf lx+;f jf ;fdflhs s'/Lltaf6 kLl8t ePsf] jf
dlxnf clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ glbPsf] jf jl~rt u/]sf]
ljifodf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf lj?4 d'2f bfo/ ug'{kg]{
cfjZostf b]lvPdf sfg"g adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/
ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
-@_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo]
s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf, s'g} ;b:o jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf
kfng ug{] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fli6o dlxnf cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
tt\;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%$= k|b]zdf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M /fli6o dlxnf cfof]un] cfjZostf
cg';f/ k|b]zdf cfgf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@%%= /fli6o blnt cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o blnt cfof]u /xg]5
h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o blnt
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{5 .
-#_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm
ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf /fli6o blnt cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
134

-s_
-v_
-u_

lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf
jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ blnt ;d'bfosf] xs lxt jf dfgj
clwsf/ / sfg"gsf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf]
blnt,
-v_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 sDtLdf
:gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-u_ k}Ftfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf],
-3_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
/
-_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-&_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /
;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 / lghnfO{ dsf{ kg]{ u/L
kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
135

-*_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm

cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@%^= /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o blnt
cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ blnt ;d'bfosf] ;du| l:yltsf] cWoog tyf cGj]if0f u/L
tt\;DaGwdf ug{' kg{] gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:Yffut ;'wf/sf
ljifo klxrfg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{],
-v_ hftLo 5'jf5"t, pTkL8g / lje]bsf] cGTo u/L blnt
pTyfg / ljsf;sf nflu blnt lxt;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg]
/fli6o gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]]z ug{],
-u_ blnt ;d'bfosf] pTyfg tyf lxtdf ePsf ljz]if Joj:yf
nufot blnt lxt;Fu ;DjlGwt sfg"gsf] k|efjsf/L kdf
kfngf eP jf gePsf] ljifodf cg'udg u/L kfngf jf
sfof{Gjog gePsf] eP ;f]sf] kfngf jf sfof{Gjogsf
nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfa lbg],
-3_ blnt ;d'bfosf] clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt g]kfn kIf ePsf]
cGt/f{li6o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd
g]kfnn] k7fpg' kg]{ k|ltj]bg tof/Lsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-_ blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fli6o ljsf;sf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt
ug{ tyf /fHosf ;a} c+uxdf ;dfg'kflts ;xeflutf
;'lglZrt ug{ df}h"bf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf]] ;dLIff,
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / ;f]sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-r_
hftLo e]befj tyf 5"jf5"t jf ;fdflhs s'/Lltaf6
kLl8t ePsf] jf blntsf] xs k|of]u ug{ glbPsf] jf
jl~rt u/]sf] ljifodf s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf lj?4 d'2f
bfo/ ug{' kg{] cfjZostf b]lvPdf sfg"g adf]lhd
136

cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/;

ug{] .
-@_ /fli6o blnt cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo]
s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf, s'g} ;b:o jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf
kfng ug{] u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fli6o blnt cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
tt\;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@%&= k|b]zdf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M /fli6o blnt cfof]un] cfjZostf
cg';f/ k|b]zdf cfgf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@%*= /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]u /xg]5
h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6o ;dfj]zL
cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw
lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg b]xfosf] s'g}
cj:yfdf /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf]
dflgg]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
-u_ lghsf] lj?4 wf/f !)! adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s c:j:ytfsf] sf/0f ;]jfdf /xL sfo{
;Dkfbg ug{ c;dy{ /x]sf] egL ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf]
l;kmfl/;df /fi6kltn] kbd'Qm u/]df,
-_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] k'gM lgo'lQm
x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
t/ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 / To:tf]
;b:o cWoIfsf] kbdf lgo'lQm ePdf lghsf] kbfjlw u0fgf ubf{ ;b:o
ePsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]t hf]8L u0fgf ul/g]5 .
137

-^_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf]

cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ sDtLdf bz jif{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, ckf+utf ePsf
JolQm, cNk;+Vos Pj+ ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf]
If]q / ju{sf] xs lxt jf ljsf; jf dfgj clwsf/sf]
If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg k'ofPsf],
-v_ cWoIfsf] xsdf dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gfts
pkflw xfl;n u/]sf],
-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f u/]sf],
-3_ lgo'lQm x'Fbfsf] avt s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o g/x]sf],
/
-_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-&_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds /
;]jfsf zt{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 / lgh axfn /x];Dd lghnfO{
dsf{ kg]{ u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{ kl/jt{g ul/g] 5}g .
t/ r/d cfly{s lj>[+Vfntfsf sf/0f ;+s6sfn 3f]if0ff ePsf]
cj:yfdf of] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-*_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm
cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'lQmsf nflu u|fXo x'g] 5}g .
t/ s'g} /fhgLlts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf
5fgaLg ug]{ jf s'g} ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf
n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
@%(= /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ M -!_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL
cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd x'g]5 M
-s_ v; cfo{, lk58f ju{, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm, Ho]i7
gful/s, >lds, ls;fg, cNk;+Vos Pj+ ;LdfGtLs[t
;d'bfo tyf lk5l8Psf] ju{ / s0ff{nL tyf cfly{s kn]
ljkGg ju{ nufotsf ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf
nflu cWoog tyf cg';Gwfg ug{],
-v_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]
;dfj]zLs/0fsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] cjnDag u/]sf]
138

gLlt tyf sfg"gsf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf] cWoog u/L

;'wf/sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-u_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]] /fHo
;+oGqdf plrt k|ltlglwTj eP gePsf] cWoog u/L To:tf]
;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]] k|ltlglwTjsf nflu ul/Psf] ljz]if
Joj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-3_ v08 -s_ df plNnlvt ;d'bfo, ju{ / If]qsf]] ;+/If0f,
;zQmLs/0f / ljsf; ;Gtf]ifhgs eP gePsf] cWoog
u/L eljiodf cjnDag ug{' kg{] gLltsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],
-_ s0ff{nL / lk5l8Psf] If]qsf] ljsf; / ;d[[l4sf nflu
canDag ug'{ kg]{ gLlt / sfo{qmdsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg],
-r_ cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfo ;DaGwL sfg"gdf
;dofg's'n kl/dfh{gsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug{],
-5_ cNk;+Vos tyf ;LdfGtLs[t ;d'bfosf nflu k|Tofe"t xs
clwsf/sf] sfof{Gjog l:ylt cg'udg u/L cfjlws
kdf x'g] /fli6o hgu0fgf tyf dfgj ljsf; ;"rsf+s
;DaGwL k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df cfjZos k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
kl/dfh{gsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug{] .
-@_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]un] cfgf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ dWo]
s'g} sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;f] cfof]usf] cWoIf, s'g} ;b:o jf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL k|of]u tyf
kfng ug]{ u/L k|Tofof]hg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ tyf
tt\;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@^)= k|b]zdf sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg] M /fli6o ;dfj]zL cfof]un]
cfjZostf cg';f/ k|b]zdf cfgf] sfof{no :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
@^!= cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u
/xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df cflbjf;L hghflt
cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
139

-#_ cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw

lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf,
kb l/Qm x'g] cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x? / To:tf] cfof]usf]
sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@^@= dw]zL cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps dw]zL cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf /
cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df dw]]zL cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ dw]zL cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ dw]zL cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf, kb l/Qm x'g]
cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x? / To:tf] cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@^#= yf cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps yf cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf / cGo
rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df yf cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ yf? cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
-$_ yf cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf, kb l/Qm x'g]
cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x? / To:tf] cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@^$= d'l:nd cfof]u M -!_ g]kfndf Ps d'l:nd cfof]u /xg]5 h;df cWoIf /
cGo rf/ hgf;Dd ;b:o /xg]5g\ .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df d'l:nd cfof]usf
cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug]{]5 .
-#_ d'l:nd cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf]
ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .
140

-$_ d'l:nd cfof]usf cWoIf tyf ;b:osf] of]Uotf, kb l/Qm x'g]

cj:yf, kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x? / To:tf] cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /
clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@^%= cfof]usf] k'g/fjnf]sg M o; efu adf]lhd u7g ePsf cfof]ux?sf]
;+3Lo ;+;bn] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] bz jif{ kl5
k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{5 .

141

efu@*
/fli6o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@^^= /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;du| /fli6o lxt, ;'/Iff / k|lt/Iff
;DaGwL gLlt th'{df ug{ tyf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] kl/rfng jf lgoGq0f
ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo
adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox /x]sf] Ps /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb /xg]5 M
-s_ k|wfgdGqL
cWoIf
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /Iff dGqL
;b:o
-u_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] u[x dGqL
;b:o
-3_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k//fi6 dGqL
;b:o
-_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{ dGqL
;b:o
-r_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrj
;b:o
-5_ k|wfg ;]gfklt, g]kfnL ;]gf
;b:o
-@_ /Iff dGqfnosf] ;lrjn] /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] ;b:o;lrj
eO{ sfd ug]{5 .
-#_ /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifbn] cfgf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg /fi6klt ;dIf
k]z ug]{5 / /fi6kltn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t ;+3Lo ;+;b
;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .
-$_ /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifb ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@^&= g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ g]kfnsf] :jtGqtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf,
ef}uf]lns cv08tf, :jfwLgtf / /fli6o Pstfsf] /Iffsf nflu o;
;+ljwfgk|lt k|lta4 ;dfj]zL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps ;+u7g /xg]5 .
-@_ /fi6klt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] k/dflwklt x'g]5 .
-#_ g]kfnL ;]gfdf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, cflbjf;L hghflt,
v; cfo{, dw]zL, yf, d'l:nd, lk58f ju{ tyf lk5l8Psf] If]qsf
gful/ssf] k|j]z ;dfgtf / ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd ;'lglZrt ul/g]5 .
-$_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd ljsf;
lgdf{0f / ljkb Joj:yfkg nufotsf cGo sfo{df ;d]t kl/rfng ug{
;Sg]5 .
-%_ /fi6kltn] dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg ;]gfkltsf] lgo'lQm
/ kbd'lQm ug]{5 .
142

-^_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf jf s'g} efusf]

;'/Iffdf o'4, afx\o cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x jf r/d cfly{s lj>[+vntfsf]
sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg ePdf /fli6o ;'/Iff kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/zdf
g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbsf] lg0f{o adf]lhd /fi6kltaf6 g]kfnL ;]gf
kl/rfngsf] 3f]if0ff x'g]5 . g]kfnL ;]gf kl/rfngsf] 3f]if0ff ePsf]
ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq k|ltlglw ;efaf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg{]5 .
-&_ g]kfnL ;]gf ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@^*= g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn / /fli6o cg';Gwfg ;+u7g ;DaGwL
Joj:yf M -!_ ;+3df g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn / /fli6o
cg';Gwfg ljefu /xg]5g\ .
-@_ k|To]s k|b]zdf k|b]z k|x/L ;+u7g /xg]5 .
-#_ g]kfn k|x/L / k|b]z k|x/Ln] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{sf] ;~rfng,
;'kl/j]If0f / ;dGjo ;DaGwL Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-$_ g]kfn k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, g]kfn / /fli6o cg';Gwfg
ljefu ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .

143

efu@(
/fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL Joj:yf
@^(= /fhgLlts bnsf] u7g, btf{ / ;~rfng M -!_ ;dfg /fhgLlts
ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmddf k|lta4 JolQmxn] wf/f !& sf] pkwf/f @_ sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t ag]sf] sfg"gsf] cwLgdf /xL /fhgLlts bn
u7g u/L ;~rfng ug{ / bnsf] ljrf/wf/f, bz{g / sfo{qmdk|lt
hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf nflu To;sf] k|rf/ / k|;f/
ug{, u/fpg jf ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu cGo cfjZos sfd ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf /fhgLlts bnn] sfg"g
adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L lgjf{rg cfof]udf bn btf{ u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd bn btf{ u/fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu lgj]bg
k]z ubf{ ;DalGwt /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / 3f]if0ffkqsf cltl/Qm
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhdsf cGo sfuhft k]z ug'{ kg{]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd bn btf{sf nflu lgj]bg lb+bf
/fhgLlts bnn] b]xfosf zt{ k"/f ug'{ kg{]5 M
-s_ /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL nf]stflGqs x'g' k5{,
-v_ /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfgdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{df Ps k6s
;f] bnsf ;+3Lo / k|b]z txsf k|To]s kbflwsf/Lsf]
lgjf{rg x'g] Joj:yf x'g' k5{,
t/ ljz]if kl/l:ylt pTkGg eO{ kfFr jif{leqdf
kbflwsf/Lsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg x'g g;s]df 5 dxLgfleq
To:tf] lgjf{rg ug{ ;lsg] u/L /fhgLlts bnsf] ljwfgdf
Joj:yf ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
-u_ bnsf] ljleGg txsf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltdf g]kfnsf]
ljljwtfnfO{ k|ltlalDat ug]{ u/L ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTjsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' k5{ .
-%_ s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] gfd, p2]Zo, lrGx jf em08f b]zsf]
wfld{s jf ;fDk|bflos Pstfdf vnn kfg{] jf b]znfO{ ljvl08t ug{]
k|s[ltsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] /fhgLlts bn btf{ x'g] 5}g .
@&)= /fhgLlts bnnfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg aGb]h M -!_ wf/f @^( adf]lhd
/fhgLlts bnsf] u7g u/L ;~rfng ug{ / bnsf] ljrf/wf/f, bz{g /
144

sfo{qmdk|lt hg;fwf/0fsf] ;dy{g / ;xof]u k|fKt ug{sf nflu To;sf]

k|rf/ / k|;f/ ug]{ sfo{df s'g} k|ltaGw nufpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg"g jf
ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf lg0f{o of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg]5 / :jtM
cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ s'g} Pp6} /fhgLlts bn jf Ps} lsl;dsf] /fhgLlts
ljrf/wf/f, bz{g jf sfo{qmd ePsf JolQmxn] dfq lgjf{rg, b]zsf]
/fhgLlts k|0ffnL jf /fHo Joj:yf ;~rfngdf efu lng kfpg] jf
;lDdlnt x'g kfpg] u/L agfOPsf] sfg"g jf ul/Psf] s'g} Joj:yf jf
lg0f{o of] ;+ljwfgsf] k|lts"n dflgg]5 / :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .
@&!= /fhgLlts bnsf] kdf lgjf{rgsf nflu dfGotf k|fKt ug{ btf{ u/fpg'
kg{] M -!_ lgjf{rgsf] k|of]hgsf nflu lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 dfGotf k|fKt
ug{ rfxg] wf/f @^( adf]lhd btf{ ePsf] k|To]s /fhgLlts bnn] ;+3Lo
sfg"g adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f u/L lgjf{rg cfof]udf btf{ u/fpg'
kg{]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu lgj]bg lb+bf /fhgLlts bnn]
wf/f @^( sf] pkwf/f -#_ df plNnlvt ljj/0fsf] cltl/Qm jflif{s
n]vfk/LIf0f k|ltj]bg k]z ug{' kg{]5 / ;f]xL wf/fsf] pkwf/f -$_ df
plNnlvt zt{ ;d]t k"/f u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
@&@= /fhgLlts bn ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf M /fhgLlts bnsf] u7g, btf{,
;~rfng / ;'ljwf tyf tT;DaGwL cGo ljifo ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .

145

efu#)
;+s6sfnLg clwsf/
@&#= ;+s6sfnLg Joj:yf M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf jf
s'g} efusf] ;'/Iffdf o'4, afXo cfqmd0f, ;z:q ljb|f]x, r/d cfly{s
lj>[+vntf, k|fs[lts ljkb jf dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg
ePdf /fi6kltn] g]kfne/ jf g]kfnsf] s'g} vf; If]qdf nfu" x'g] u/L
;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ jf cfb]z hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg s'g} k|b]zdf
k|fs[lts ljkb jf dxfdf/Lsf] sf/0fn] uDeL/ ;+s6 pTkGg ePdf
;DalGwt k|b]z ;/sf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf o; wf/f adf]lhd k|b]z jf
k|b]zsf] s'g} efudf ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z hf/L ug{sf
nflu cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ul/Psf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z To:tf] 3f]if0ff
jf cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq cg'df]bgsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bsf
b'j} ;bgdf k]z ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfb]z ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o
;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn] cg'df]bg u/]df To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfb]z ePsf] ldltn] tLg dxLgf;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd cg'df]bgsf nflu k]z ePsf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfb]z pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd cg'df]bg gePdf :jtM lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-^_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg pkwf/f !_ adf]lhdsf] cj:yf cem} ljBdfg 5 egL pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhdsf]
cjlw ;dfKt gx'Fb} csf{] Ps k6s tLg dxLgfdf ga9fO{ ;+s6sfnLg
3f]if0ff jf cfb]zsf] cjlw yk ug]{ k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k]z ug{
;lsg]5 .
-&_ pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfj ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgdf
tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtn]
kfl/t ePdf To:tf] k|:tfjdf plNnlvt cjlw ;Ddsf nflu ;+s6sfnLg
cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z sfod /xg]5 .

146

-*_ k|ltlglw ;ef lj36g ePsf] cj:yfdf pkwf/f -#_, -$_, -^_
/ -&_ adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bn] k|of]u ug{] clwsf/ /fli6o ;efn] k|of]u
ug{]5 .
-(_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z
ePkl5 To:tf] cj:yfsf] lgjf/0f ug{ /fi6kltn] cfjZos cfb]z hf/L
ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L hf/L ePsf] cfb]z ;+s6sfnLg cj:yf axfn
/x];Dd sfg"g ;/x nfu" x'g]5 .
-!)_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd ;+s6sfnLg cj:yfsf] 3f]if0ff jf
cfb]z hf/L ubf{ To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x];Ddsf nflu efu#
df Joj:yf ePsf df}lns xs lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ wf/f !^, wf/f !& sf] pkwf/f -@_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_, wf/f
!*, wf/f !( sf] pkwf/f -@_, wf/f @), @!, @@, @$, wf/f @^ sf]
pkwf/f -!_, @(, #), #!, #@, #%, #^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ / -@_, #*, #(,
$) sf] pkwf/f -@_ / -#_, $!, $@, $#, $% / wf/f $^ adf]lhdsf]
;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] pkrf/ k|fKt ug{] xs
lgnDag ul/g] 5}g .
-!!_ pkwf/f -!)_ adf]lhd o; ;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/f lgnDag
ul/Psf]df ;f] wf/ff/f k|bQ df}lns xssf] k|rngsf nflu s'g}
cbfntdf lgj]bg lbg jf To; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg
;lsg] 5}g .
-!@_ o; wf/f adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z axfn /x]sf] cj:yfdf
s'g} kbflwsf/Ln] ablgot;fy s'g} sfd u/]af6 s;}nfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf]
Iflt ePsf] /x]5 eg] kLl8tn] To:tf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z ;dfKt ePsf]
ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq cfk"mnfO{ k/]sf] Iflt afkt Ifltk"lt{sf] bfaL ug{
;Sg]5 . To:tf] bfaL k/]df cbfntn] ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{
e/fOlbg / kL8snfO{ ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ o; wf/f adf]lhdsf] 3f]if0ff jf cfb]z /fi6kltn] h'g;'s}
avt lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5 .

147

efu#!
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg
@&$= ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg M -!_ g]kfnsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf,
:jfwLgtf / hgtfdf lglxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L of] ;+ljwfg
;+zf]wg ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ / o; ;+ljwfgsf] cGo wf/fsf] cwLgdf /xL o;
;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wf/fnfO{ ;+zf]wg jf vf/]h ug]{ ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]
s'g} klg ;bgdf k]z ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ pkwf/f -!_ nfO{ ;+zf]wg ul/g] 5}g .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os ;DalGwt ;bgdf
k|:t't ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu
;fj{hlgs kdf k|sfzg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os s'g} k|b]zsf] ;Ldfgf
kl/jt{g jf cg';"rL^ df plNnlvt ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ePdf To:tf]
ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bdf k|:t't ePsf] tL; lbgleq ;DalGwt ;bgsf]
;efd'v jf cWoIfn] ;xdltsf nflu k|b]z ;efdf k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-%_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd k7fOPsf] ljw]os tLg dxLgfleq
;DalGwt k|b]z ;efsf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{{ ;b:oxsf]
ax'dtaf6 :jLs[t jf c:jLs[t u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L ;+3Lo ;+;bdf
k7fpg' kg{]5 .
t/ s'g} k|b]z ;ef sfod g/x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf] k|b]z ;ef
u7g eO{ To;sf] klxnf] a}7s a;]sf] ldltn] tLg dxLgfleq :jLs[t jf
c:jLs[t u/L k7fpg' kg]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq To:tf] ljw]os :jLs[t jf
c:jLs[t ePsf] hfgsf/L glbPdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ljw]os pTklQ ePsf]
;bgn] To:tf] ljw]os pk/sf] sf/afxL cufl8 a9fpg afwf kg{] 5}g .
-&_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhdsf] cjlwleq ax';+Vos k|b]z ;efn]
To:tf] ljw]os c:jLs[t u/]sf] ;"rgf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] ;DalGwt ;bgnfO{
lbPdf To:tf] ljw]os lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-*_ k|b]z ;efsf] ;xdlt cfjZos gkg{] jf pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd
ax';+Vos k|b]z ;efaf6 :jLs[t eO{ cfPsf] ljw]os ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'a}
148

;bgdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO
ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ug{' kg{]5 .
-(_ pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhd kfl/t ePsf] ljw]os k|df0fLs/0fsf
nflu /fi6klt ;dIf k]z ul/g]5 .
-!)_ /fi6kltn] pkwf/f -(_ adf]lhd k]z ePsf] ljw]os k|fKt
ePsf] kGw|lbg leq k|df0fLs/0f ug{]5 / k|df0fLs/0f ePsf] ldlt b]lv
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg x'g]5 .

149

@&%=

@&^=

@&&=

@&*=

@&(=

efu#@
ljljw
hgdt ;+u|x ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ /fli6o dxTjsf] s'g} ljifodf hgdt
;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o ug{ cfjZos 5 egL ;+3Lo ;+;bdf tTsfn sfod
/x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o ePdf
To:tf] ljifodf hgdt ;+u|xaf6 lg0f{o lng ;lsg]5 .
-@_ hgdt ;+u|x / tT;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
dfkmL M /fi6kltn] s'g} cbfnt, Goflos jf cw{Goflos lgsfo jf
k|zf;sLo kbflwsf/L jf lgsfon] u/]sf] ;hfonfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd
dfkmL, d'NtjL, kl/jt{g jf sd ug{ ;Sg]5 .
pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0f M -!_ /fi6kltn] /fHosf] tkm{af6 k|bfg ul/g]
pkflw, ;Ddfg / lje"if0f k|bfg ug{]5 .
-@_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L g]kfnsf] s'g} gful/sn]
s'g} ljb]zL ;/sf/af6 k|bfg ul/g] pkflw, ;Ddfg jf lje"if0f u|x0f ug{'
x'Fb}g .
;lGw ;DkGg ug]{ clwsf/ M -!_ ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf ug]{ clwsf/ ;+3df
lglxt /xg]5 .
-@_ k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf kg{] ljifodf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf
ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;DalGwt k|b]z;Fu k/fdz{ ug{' kg]{5 .
-#_ k|b]z dlGqkl/ifbn] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;xdlt lnO{ cfly{s tyf
cf}Bf]lus ljifosf s/f/hGo ;Demf}tf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g M -!_ g]kfn
/fHo jf g]kfn ;/sf/ kIf x'g] ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng,
:jLs[lt jf ;dy{g ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfg"g agfpFbf b]xfosf ljifosf ;lGw
jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g ;+3Lo ;+;bsf
b'j} ;bgdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO
ax'dtn] ug'{kg]{ zt{ /flvg]5 M
-s_ zflGt / d}qL,
-v_ ;'/Iff Pj+ ;fdl/s ;DaGw,
-u_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;Ldfgf, /
-3_ k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf To;sf] pkof]usf] afF8kmfF8 .
150

@*)=

@*!=

@*@=

@*#=
@*$=

t/ v08 -s_ / -3_ df plNnlvt ljifosf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf dWo]

/fi6nfO{ Jofks, uDeL/ jf bL3{sfnLg c;/ gkg{] ;fwf/0f k|s[ltsf
;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g k|ltlglw
;efsf] a}7sdf pkl:yt ;b:oxsf] ;fwf/0f ax'dtaf6 x'g ;Sg]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 x'g] s'g} ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf o;
wf/f adf]lhd cg'df]bg, ;lDdng, :jLs[lt jf ;dy{g geP;Dd g]kfn
;/sf/ jf g]kfnsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5}g .
-$_ pkwf/f -!_ / -@_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg
g]kfnsf] ef}uf]lns cv08tfdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ u/L s'g} ;lGw jf
;Demf}tf ul/g] 5}g .
/fi6kltsf] sfo{ ug]{ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd
/fi6klt / pk/fi6klt b'j}sf] kb l/Qm ePdf /fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltsf]
lgjf{rg eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn];Dd o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fi6kltaf6
ul/g] sfo{ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'vn] ;Dkfbg ug]{5 .
ljz]if clwsf/sf] ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg M g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|To]s bz
jif{df x'g] /fli6o hgu0fgf;Fu} dlxnf tyf blnt ;d'bfosf] ljz]if
clwsf/sf] Joj:yfsf] sfo{fGjog / To;sf] k|efj ;DaGwdf dfgj
ljsf; ;"rsf+ssf] cfwf/df ;dLIff tyf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{5 .
/fhb"t / ljz]if k|ltlglw M -!_ /fi6kltn] ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df
g]kfnL /fhb"t / s'g} vf; k|of]hgsf nflu ljz]if k|ltlglw lgo'lQm ug{
;Sg]5 .
-@_ /fi6kltn] ljb]zL /fhb"t tyf s"6gLlts k|ltlglwaf6
cf]xf]bfsf] k|df0fkq u|x0f ug{]5 .
;dfj]zL l;4fGt adf]lhd lgo'lQm ug{' kg{] M ;+j}wflgs c+u / lgsfosf
kbdf lgo'lQm ubf{ ;dfj]zL l;4fGt adf]lhd ul/g]5 .
;+j}wflgs kl/ifb ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|wfg
GofofwLz / ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v / kbflwsf/Lxsf] lgo'lQmsf]
l;kmfl/; ug{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:o /x]sf] Ps ;+j}wflgs
kl/ifb /xg]5 M
-s_ k|wfgdGqL
cWoIf
-v_ k|wfg GofofwLz
;b:o
-u_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ;efd'v
;b:o
-3_ /fli6o ;efsf] cWoIf
;b:o
-_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] ljkIfL bnsf] g]tf ;b:o
-r_ k|ltlglw ;efsf] pk;efd'v
;b:o
151

-@_ k|wfg GofofwLzsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf k|wfg

GofofwLzsf] lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl/; ubf{ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbdf g]kfn
;/sf/sf] sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL ;b:osf] kdf /xg]5 .
-#_ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbn] k|wfg GofofwLz jf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf
s'g} k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf] kb l/Qm x'g'eGbf Ps dxLgf cufj} o;
;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'lQmsf nflu l;kmfl/; ug{' kg{]5 .
t/ d[To' eO{ jf /fhLgfdf lbO{ To:tf] kb l/Qm ePsf] cj:yfdf
l/Qm ePsf] ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq kbk"lt{ x'g] u/L lgo'lQmsf nflu
l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf k|wfg
GofofwLz jf ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm ;DaGwL
sfo{ljlw ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo ;lrjn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf] ;lrj eO{
sfd ug{]5 .
@*%= ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7g M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] b]zsf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{
;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf / cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo ;+3Lo ;/sf/L
;]jfxsf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf ;]jfxsf] u7g, ;~rfng / ;]jfsf
zt{ ;+3Lo P]g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-@_ ;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf nufot ;j} ;+3Lo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf
k|ltof]lutfTds k/LIfff/f kbk"lt{ ubf{ ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd v'nf /
;dfg'kflts ;dfj]zL l;4fGtsf cfwf/df x'g]5 .
-#_ k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb, ufpF sfo{kflnsf / gu/ sfo{kflnsfn]
cfgf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug{ cfjZostf cg';f/ sfg"g adf]lhd ljleGg
;/sf/L ;]jfxsf] u7g / ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
@*^= lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]u M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bsf
;b:o / k|b]z ;efsf ;b:osf] lgjf{rg ug]{ k|of]hgsf nflu lgjf{rg
If]q lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]] b]xfosf cWoIf / ;b:o /x]sf] Ps
lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] ;]jflgj[Q GofofwLz
cWoIf
-v_ e"uf]nljb Ps hgf
;b:o
-u_ ;dfhzf:qL jf dfgjzf:qL Ps hgf
;b:o
-3_ k|zf;gljb jf sfg"gljb Ps hgf
;b:o
152

-_ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] clws[t ;b:o ;lrj

-@_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf] sfof{jlw To:tf] cfof]u u7g
ubf{sf avt tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf]
cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf sDtLdf
:gfts pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-u_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-$_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf
jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn] x6fPdf,
-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-%_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q
lgwf{/0f ubf{ hg;+Vof / e"uf]nnfO{ k|ltlglwTjsf] cfwf/ dfgL To:tf]
lgjf{rg If]qsf] e"uf]n, hg;+Vof / ;b:o ;+Vof aLrsf] cg'kft
oyf;Dej ;dfg x'g] u/L lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .
-^_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f ubf{ ;f] If]qsf]
hg;+Vofsf] 3gTj, ef}uf]lns ljlzi6tf, k|zf;lgs Pj+ oftfoftsf]
;'udtf, ;fd'bflos tyf ;f+:s[lts kIfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbg' kg]{5 .
-&_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]uf/f lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f
ul/Psf] / k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] ljifodf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zg p7fpg
kfOg] 5}g .
-*_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfkm"n] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf]
k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k]z ug{]5 .
-(_ g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn] pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhdsf] k|ltj]bg
;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{'sf] cltl/Qm sfof{Gjogsf nflu lgjf{rg
cfof]udf k7fpg]5 .
153

-!)_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]un] cfgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm}+ lgwf{/0f

ug]{5 .
-!!_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds
tyf ;'ljwf qmdzM lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm / lgjf{rg
cfo'Qm ;/x x'g]5 .
-!@_ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ePsf] lgjf{rg If]qsf] k|To]s
aL; jif{df k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-!#_ lgjf{rg If]q lgwf{/0f cfof]unfO{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/L
g]kfn ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fpg]5 .
@*&= efiff cfof]u M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq g]kfn
;/sf/n] k|b]zxsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Ps efiff cfof]usf] u7g
ug{]5 .
-@_ efiff cfof]udf cWoIfsf cltl/Qm cfjZos ;+Vofdf ;b:ox
/xg]5g\ .
-#_ efiff cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQmsf] ldltn]
5 jif{sf] x'g]5 . lghx?sf] k'gM lgo'lQm x'g ;Sg] 5}g .
-$_ b]xfosf] of]Uotf ePsf] JolQm efiff cfof]usf] cWoIf jf
;b:osf] kbdf lgo'Qm x'g of]Uo x'g]5 M
-s_ dfGotfk|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 ;DalGwt ljifodf
:gftsf]Q/ pkflw k|fKt u/]sf],
-v_ g]kfnsf ljleGg efiffxsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog, cWofkg,
cg';Gwfg / cGj]if0fsf] If]qdf sDtLdf aL; jif{sf] sfo{
cg'ej ePsf],
-u_ k}+tfln; jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf], /
-3_ pRr g}lts rl/q ePsf] .
-%_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf efiff cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb
l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifbn] x6fPdf,
-u_ lghsf] pd]/ k}+;L jif{ k"/f ePdf,
154

-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-^_ efiff cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfo adf]lhd
x'g]5 M
-s_ ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiffsf kdf dfGotf kfpg k"/f
ug'{kg]{ cfwf/xsf] lgwf{/0f u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf
efiffsf] l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-v_ efiffxsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / ljsf;sf nflu cjnDag
ug'{kg]{ pkfoxsf] g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,
-u_ dft[efiffxsf] ljsf;sf] :t/ dfkg u/L lzIffdf k|of]usf]
;DefJotfsf af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf ;'emfj k]z ug]{,
-3_ efiffxsf] cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cg'udg ug]{ .
-&_ efiff cfof]un] pkwf/f -^_ sf] v08 -s_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{
cfof]u u7g ePsf] ldltn] kfFr jif{ leq ;DkGg ug]{5 .
-*_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|b]z ;/sf/;Fu ;dGjo u/L k|b]zdf efiff
cfof]usf] zfvf :yfkgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-(_ efiff cfof]usf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tyf sfo{ljlw
;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@**= /fhwfgL M -!_ g]kfnsf] /fhwfgL sf7df8f}+df /xg]5 .
-@_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;DalGwt k|b]z
;efdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 lg0f{o
eP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lg0f{o geP;Dd g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]
adf]lhdsf] :yfgaf6 k|b]zsf] sfo{ ;~rfng x'g]5 .
@*(= kbflwsf/Lsf] gful/stf ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ /fi6klt,
pk/fi6klt, k|wfgdGqL, k|wfg GofofwLz, k|ltlglw ;efsf ;efd'v,
/fli6o ;efsf cWoIf, k|b]z k|d'v, d'VodGqL, k|b]z ;efsf] ;efd'v /
;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vsf] kbdf lgjf{lrt, dgf]gLt jf lgo'lQm x'g
j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] x'g' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt kb afx]s cGo ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf]
kbdf o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'lQmsf] nflu j+zhsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf]
155

gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm, g]kfnsf] c+uLs[t gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf]

JolQm jf hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm ;d]t
of]Uo x'g]5 .
t/ g]kfnsf] c+uLs[t gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf
sDtLdf bz jif{, hGdsf] cfwf/df g]kfnsf] gful/stf k|fKt u/]sf] JolQm
/ wf/f !! sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd g]kfnsf] c+uLs[t gful/stf k|fKt
u/]sf] JolQmsf] xsdf sDtLdf kfFr jif{ g]kfndf a;f]af; u/]sf] x'g'
kg]{5 .
@()= u'7L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ u'7Lsf] d"ne"t dfGotfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{
u/L u'7L hUufdf ef]uflwsf/ e}/x]sf ls;fg Pj+ u'7Lsf] clwsf/sf
;DaGwdf ;+3Lo ;+;bn] cfjZos sfg"g agfpg]5 .
-@_ u'7L ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@(!= lgo'lQmsf nflu of]Uo gx'g] M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ljb]zsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltkq lnPsf] g]kfnsf]
gful/s o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgjf{rg, dgf]gog jf lgo'lQm x'g] kbdf
lgjf{lrt, dgf]gLt jf lgo'lQmsf] nflu of]Uo x'g] 5}g .
t/ To:tf] ljb]zsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltkq Tofu]sf] JolQmnfO{
sDtLdf tLg dxLgfsf] cjlw Joltt eP kl5 To:tf] kbdf lgjf{lrt,
dgf]gLt jf lgo'Qm ug{ afwf kg{] 5}g .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljb]zsf] :yfoL cfjf;Lo cg'dltkq
lnPsf] g]kfnsf] gful/s ;DaGwL cGo Joj:yf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
@(@= ;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+j}wflgs
kl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df lgo'Qm x'g] k|wfg GofofwLz, ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf
GofofwLz, Gofo kl/ifbsf ;b:o, ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] k|d'v jf
kbflwsf/L / /fhb"tsf] kbdf lgo'lQm x'g' cl3 ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd
;+;bLo ;'g'jfO{ x'g]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ sf] k|of]hgsf nflu ;+3Lo ;+;bsf b'j} ;bgsf
;b:ox /xg] u/L ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd kGw| ;b:oLo Ps ;+o'Qm
;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 .

156

-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;+o'Qm ;ldltdf /xg] ;b:on] ;+3Lo

;+;bsf] pQm sfo{sfne/ ;jf{]Rr cbfntdf pkl:yt eO{ ax; k}/aL
ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
@(#= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] sfd sf/afxLsf] cg'udg M ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf
k|d'v / kbflwsf/L ;+3Lo ;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL / hjfkmb]xL /xg' kg]{5 .
k|ltlglw ;efsf ;ldltn] /fli6o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u afx]ssf cGo
;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] k|ltj]bg nufotsf sfd sf/afxLsf] cg'udg /
d"Nof+sg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg jf /fo ;Nnfx lbg ;Sg]5 .
@($= ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg M -!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf
;+j}wflgs lgsfon] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfd sf/afxLsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg
/fi6klt ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / /fi6kltn] k|wfgdGqL dfkm{t To:tf] k|ltj]bg
;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf k]z ug{ nufpg]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf v'nfpg' kg]{
s'/fx ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;+j}wflgs
lgsfon] k|To]s k|b]zsf] sfd sf/afxLsf] ;DaGwdf cnu cnu k|ltj]bg
tof/ u/L k|b]z k|d'v ;dIf k]z ug{ ;Sg]5 .

157

efu##
;+qmd0fsfnLg Joj:yf
@(%= ;+3Lo cfof]usf] u7g M -!_ k|b]zsf] ;Ldf+sg ;DaGwL ljifodf ;'emfj
lbg g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps ;+3Lo cfof]u u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ wf/f %^ sf] pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf k|b]zsf] gfds/0f
;DalGwt k|b]z ;efsf] ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6
x'g]5 .
-#_ wf/f %^ sf] pkwf/f -$_ / -%_ adf]lhd lgdf{0f x'g]
ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf tyf ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ If]qsf] ;+Vof /
;Ldfgf lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps cfof]u u7g ug]{5 .
To:tf] cfof]un] ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf tyf ljz]if, ;+/lIft jf :jfoQ
If]qsf] ;+Vof / ;Ldfgfsf] lgwf{/0f g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]
dfkb08 adf]lhd ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhdsf] cfof]usf] u7g of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De
ePsf] ldltn] 5 dxLgfleq ul/g]5 . To:tf] cfof]usf] sfof{jlw Ps
jif{sf] x'g]5 .
@(^= ;+ljwfg ;ef Joj:yflksf;+;bdf kfGt/0f x'g] M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg
k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] ;+ljwfg ;ef of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De
ePkl5 Joj:yflksf;+;bdf :jtM kfGt/0f x'g]5 / To:tf]
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] sfo{sfn ;+jt\ @)&$ ;fn df3 & ut];Dd sfod
/xg]5 .
t/ To:tf] sfo{sfn k"/f x'g' cufj} o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]
k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g] ePdf To:tf] lgjf{rgsf nflu pDd]bjf/sf]
dgf]gogkq bflvnf ug{] cl3Nnf] lbg;Dd Joj:yflksf;+;b sfod
/xg]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg hf/L x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bdf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljw]osx pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf
;+;bdf :jtM ;g]{5g\ .
-#_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bn] ;Dkfbg ug{' kg{] sfd
o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd k|ltlglw ;efsf] lgjf{rg geP;Dd pkwf/f -!_
adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bn] ug{]5 .
158

-$_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 k|b]z ;ef u7g geP;Dd

cg';"rL^ adf]lhdsf] ljifodf sfg"g agfpg] k|b]z ;efsf] clwsf/
pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bdf /xg]5 . To;/L ag]sf]
sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] k|b]z ;ef u7g ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{kl5
To:tf] k|b]zsf] xsdf lgliqmo x'g]5 .
-%_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avtsf] Joj:yflksf;+;b
;lrjfno, To;sf dxf;lrj, ;lrj / sd{rf/Lx lghxsf] lgo'lQm
x'Fbfsf avtsf] ;]jfsf zt{xsf] cwLgdf /xL o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]
;+3Lo ;+;b ;lrjfnodf sfod x'g]5g\ .
-^_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]g5 eg] /fi6kltn] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf]
ldltn] ;ft lbgleq Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg cfXjfg ug]{5 .
To; kl5 /fi6kltn] ;do ;dodf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg
cfXjfg ug{]5 .
@(&= /fi6klt / pk/fi6klt ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf
avt sfod /x]sf] /fi6klt / pk/fi6klt o; wf/f adf]lhd csf{]
/fi6klt / pk/fi6klt lgjf{lrt geP;Dd cfcfgf] kbdf axfn
/xg]5g\ .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]5 eg] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] /
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]g5 eg] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd
clwj]zg cfXjfg ePsf] ldltn] Ps dxLgfleq /fhgLlts ;xdltsf]
cfwf/df /fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -!_
adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bn] ug{]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:osf] ax'dtf/f
/fi6klt / pk/fi6kltsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt jf
pk/fi6kltsf]] kb s'g} sf/0fn] l/Qm ePdf ;+3Lo ;+;bsf] u7g
geP;Dd o;} wf/f adf]lhd Joj:yflksf;+;baf6 /fi6klt jf
pk/fi6kltsf]] lgjf{rg ul/g]5 .

159

-%_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltsf]

kbfjlw wf/f ^@ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rs d08naf6 csf{] /fi6klt jf
pk/fi6klt lgjf{lrt eO{ sfo{ef/ g;Dxfn];Dd sfod /xg]5 .
-^_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltsf] kb
b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf l/Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ /fi6kltn] pk/fi6klt ;dIf / pk/fi6kltn] /fi6klt ;dIf
lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ lghsf] lj?4 pkwf/f -&_ adf]lhd dxfleof]usf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf,
-u_ wf/f ^@ adf]lhdsf] lgjf{rs d08naf6 csf{] /fi6klt jf
pk/fi6klt lgjf{lrt eO{ sfo{ef/ ;Dxfn]df,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-&_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgjf{lrt /fi6klt jf pk/fi6kltn] of]
;+ljwfg / sfg"gsf] uDeL/ pNn+3g u/]sf] cf/f]kdf wf/f @(^ sf]
pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{
;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps rf}yfO ;b:on] lghsf] lj?4 dxfleof]usf]
k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;Sg]5g . To:tf] k|:tfj Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn
sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{ ltxfO ax'dtaf6 kfl/t
ePdf lgh kbd'Qm x'g]5 .
@(*= dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf
avt sfod /x]sf] dlGqkl/ifb pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] dlGqkl/ifb u7g
geP ;Dd sfod /xg]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]5 eg] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] /
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]g5 eg] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd
cfXjfg ul/Psf] Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] clwj]zg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn]
;ft lbgleq /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df k|wfgdGqLsf] lgjf{rg
;DkGg u/L lghsf] cWoIftfdf dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df
Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dtsf] cfwf/df k|wfgdGqL lgjf{lrt x'g]5 .
160

-$_ o; wf/f adf]lhd u7g x'g] dlGqkl/ifbsf] ;+/rgf / sfo{

ljefhg cfk;L ;xdltaf6 to ul/g]5 .
-%_ o; wf/f adf]lhd u7g x'g] dlGqkl/ifbdf cfjZostf cg';f/
pkk|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx /xg]5g\ .
-^_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd
dGqL lgo'lQm ubf{ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df Joj:yflksf;+;bsf
;b:ox dWo]af6 lgo'lQm ug'{ kg{]5 .
-&_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqL / cGo dGqLx
Joj:yflksf;+;bk|lt ;fd"lxs kdf pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ / dGqLx
cfgf dGqfnosf] sfdsf nflu JolQmut kdf k|wfgdGqL /
Joj:yflksf;+;bk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5g\ .
-*_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqL
cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5 M
-s_ lghn] /fi6klt ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -!$_ adf]lhd lghsf] lj?4 cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj
kfl/t ePdf jf ljZjf;sf] k|:tfj kfl/t x'g g;s]df,
-u_ lgh Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o g/x]df,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-(_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm pkk|wfgdGqL, dGqL, /fHo dGqL
tyf ;xfos dGqL b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm x'g]5g\ M
-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm ePdf,
-u_ ;DalGwt bnsf] l;kmfl/;df jf ;DalGwt bn;Fusf]
;Nnfxdf k|wfgdGqLn] lghnfO{ kbd'Qm u/]df,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-!)_ pkwf/f -*_ adf]lhd k|wfgdGqL cfgf] kbaf6 d'Qm eP
klg csf]{ dlGqkl/ifb u7g geP;Dd ;f]xL dlGqkl/ifbn] sfo{ ;~rfng
u/L /xg]5 .

161

-!!_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLsf] d[To' ePdf csf{]

k|wfgdGqLsf] rog geP;Ddsf nflu pkk|wfgdGqL jf jl/i7td
dGqLn] k|wfgdGqLsf] kdf sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{5 .
-!@_ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqLn] s'g} klg avt
cfk"mdfly Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug{ cfjZos
jf pko'Qm 7fg]df ljZjf;sf] dtsf nflu Joj:yflksf;+;b ;dIf
k|:tfj /fVg ;Sg]5 .
-!#_ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf Ps
rf}yfO ;b:on] o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm k|wfgdGqL pk/ Joj:yflksf
;+;bsf] ljZjf; 5}g egL lnlvt kdf cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{
;Sg]5g\ .
t/ o; wf/f adf]lhd lgo'Qm Pp6} k|wfgdGqL pk/ 5 dxLgfdf
Ps k6seGbf a9L cljZjf;sf] k|:tfj k]z ug{ ;lsg] 5}g .
-!$_ pkwf/f -!@_ jf -!#_ adf]lhdsf] k|:tfjsf] lg0f{o
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf]
ax'dtaf6 x'g]5 .
-!%_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] k|b]z
dlGqkl/ifbsf] u7g geP;Dd k|b]zsf] sfo{sfl/0fL clwsf/ g]kfn
;/sf/n] k|of]u ug]{5 .
@((= ;efd'v / pk;efd'v ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf
avt sfod /x]sf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf ;efd'v / pk;efd'v o; wf/f
adf]lhd csf{] ;efd'v / pk;efd'v lgjf{lrt geP;Dd cfcfgf]
kbdf axfn /xg]5g\ .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf]
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]5 eg] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] /
clwj]zg rln/x]sf] /x]g5 eg] wf/f @(^ sf] pkwf/f -^_ adf]lhd
clwj]zg cfXjfg ePsf] ldltn] aL; lbgleq Joj:yflksf;+;bsf
;b:oxn] cfkm"dWo]af6 /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] cfwf/df Pshgf ;efd'v
/ Pshgf pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg ug{]5g\ .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;xdlt sfod x'g g;s]df
Joj:yflksf;+;bdf tTsfn sfod /x]sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] ax'dt
k|fKt ug]{ Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;b:o Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;efd'v jf
pk;efd'v kbdf lgjf{lrt ePsf] dflgg]5 .
162

-$_ pkwf/f -@_ jf -#_ adf]lhd lgjf{rg ubf{ ;efd'v /

pk;efd'v Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ug{] cnucnu /fhgLlts
bnaf6 k|ltlglwTj ug{] ;b:o x'g' kg{]5 .
-%_ ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd cfgf] sfo{
;Dkfbg ubf{ s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnsf] kIf jf ljkIfdf g/xL t6:y
JolQmsf] x}l;otn] ug{]5 .
-^_ b]xfosf] s'g} cj:yfdf ;efd'v jf pk;efd'vsf] kb l/Qm
x'g]5M
-s_ lghn] lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,
-v_ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf lghsf] ;b:otf g/x]df,
-u_ lghn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj
Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o ;+Vofsf] sDtLdf b'O{
ltxfO ;b:osf] ax'dtaf6 kfl/t ePdf,
-3_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .
-&_ Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f
u/]sf] 5}g eGg] k|:tfj pk/ 5nkmn x'g] a}7ssf] cWoIftf pk;efd'v
jf cGo s'g} ;b:on] ug{]5 / To:tf] k|:tfjsf] 5nkmndf ;efd'vn] efu
lng / dt lbg kfpg]5 .
-*_ ;efd'v / pk;efd'vsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo k|lqmof /
;efd'v jf pk;efd'vn] kb cg's"nsf] cfr/0f gu/]sf] eGg] k|:tfj k]z
ug]{ / kfl/t ug]{ k|lqmof tTsfn k|rlnt Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] lgodfjnL
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#))= Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt
sfod /x]sf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+ljwfg ;ef cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg cbfnt /
lhNnf cbfntx o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf] Gofokflnsfsf] ;+/rgf tof/
geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g\ . of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'g' cl3 To:tf cbfntdf
bfo/ ePsf d'2fx / of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 bfo/ x'g] d'2fx tt\
tt\ cbfntaf6 lgk0f ug{ o; ;+ljwfgn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt ;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k'g/fj]bg
cbfnt / lhNnf cbfntdf axfn /x]sf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf k|wfg
GofofwLz jf GofofwLz, k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz, GofofwLz
163

/ lhNnf cbfntsf GofofwLz o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf]

dflgg]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq ;+3Lo sfg"g
adf]lhd wf/f !#( adf]lhdsf pRr cbfntsf] :yfkgf ul/g]5 . To:tf]
cbfntsf] :yfkgf ePkl5 of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf]
k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lj36g x'g]5 .
-$_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd pRr cbfnt :yfkgf ePkl5 k'g/fj]bg
cbfntdf ljrf/fwLg /x]sf d'2fx g]kfn ;/sf/n] Gofokl/ifbsf]
k/fdz{df g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf] pRr cbfntdf
;g{]5g\ .
-%_ pkwf/f -#_ adf]lhd pRr cbfnt :yfkgf ePkl5
Gofokl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg GofofwLzn] of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf
avt axfn /x]sf k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf d'Vo GofofwLz /
GofofwLzxnfO{ pRr cbfntsf] d'Vo GofofwLz / GofofwLzdf
kb:yfkg ug{]5 .
-^_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt axfn /x]sf k'g/fj]bg
cbfntsf cltl/Qm GofofwLzx lgo'lQm x'Fbf tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd axfn
/xg ;Sg]5g\ .
-&_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt cbfnt afx]s cGo lgsfodf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf Ps jif{eGbf a9L s}b ;hfo x'g] kmf}hbf/L s;"/
;DaGwL d'2f of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De ePkl5 ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfntdf
;g{]5g\ .
#)!= ;+j}wflgs lgsfo / kbflwsf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De
x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf / o; ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf ;+j}wflgs
lgsfo o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd u7g ePsf] dflgg]5 / To:tf lgsfodf
ljrf/fwLg /x]sf ljifonfO{ of] ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf /xL km5\f}{6 ug{ afwf
k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt axfn /x]sf ;+j}wflgs
lgsfosf k|d'v jf kbflwsf/L o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf]
dflgg]5 / lgh lgo'Qm x'Fbfsf avtsf] ;]jfsf] zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL
cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
-#_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg
cfof]u / nf]s ;]jf cfof]udf o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePsf] ;+Vof eGbf
164

#)@=

#)#=

#)$=

#)%=

a9L ;+Vofdf sfo{/t kbflwsf/L lgh lgo'Qm x'Fbfsf avtsf] ;]jfsf]

zt{sf] cwLgdf /xL cfgf] kbdf axfn /xg]5 .
k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ;/sf/L ;]jfxsf] u7g / ;~rfng M -!_ k|b]z /
:yfgLo txdf cfjZos ;]jf k|jfx ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfjZos
Joj:yf ug{]5 .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ubf{ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De
x'Fbfsf avt ;/sf/L ;]jfdf sfo{/t /fi6;]js sd{rf/LnfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] sfg"g adf]lhd ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txdf ;dfof]hg u/L ;]jf
k|jfxsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 .
:yfgLo lgsfo ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt
sfod /x]sf :yfgLo lgsfox of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf]
;+Vof / If]q lgwf{/0f geP;Dd sfod /xg]5g\ .
-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd sfod /x]sf :yfgLo lgsfosf
kbflwsf/Lsf] lgjf{rg sfg"g adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkwf/f -@_ adf]lhd lgjf{lrt :yfgLo lgsfosf
kbflwsf/Lx of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg geP;Dd
sfod /xg]5g\ .
jt{dfg sfg"g nfu" /xg] M -!_ of] ;+ljwfg k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod
/x]sf g]kfn sfg"g vf/]h jf ;+zf]wg geP;Dd nfu" /xg]5g\ .
t/ of] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] sfg"g of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhdsf]
;+3Lo ;+;bsf] klxnf] clwj]zg a;]sf] ldltn] Ps jif{kl5 aflemPsf]
xb;Dd :jtM cdfGo x'g]5 .
-@_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# adf]lhdsf zflGt k|lqmof
;DaGwL sfo{x o;} ;+ljwfg adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/ M of] ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo ;+;bsf]
lgjf{rg eO{ To;sf] klxnf] clwj]zg k|f/De geP;Dd of] ;+ljwfgsf]
sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} afwf c8\sfp k/]df /fi6kltn] g]kfn ;/sf/,
dlGqkl/ifbsf] l;kmfl/;df To:tf] afwf c8\sfp k'msfpg cfjZos cfb]z
hf/L ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] cfb]z hf/L eP kl5 tTsfn a;]sf]
Joj:yflksf;+;b jf ;+3Lo ;+;b ;dIf cg'df]bgsf nflu k]z ug{'
kg{]5 .
165

efu#$
Kfl/efiff / JofVof
#)^= kl/efiff / JofVof M -!_ ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o;
;+ljwfgdf,
-s_ cNk;+Vos eGgfn] ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhd lgwf{l/t
k|ltzt eGbf sd hg;+Vof /x]sf hftLo, eflifs / wfld{s
;d"x ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] cfg} hftLo, wfld{s /
eflifs ljlzi6tf ePsf], To;nfO{ arfO{ /fVg] cfsf+Iff
/x]sf, lje]b / pTkL8g ef]u]sf ;d"x ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-v_ sfg"g eGgfn] ;+3Lo sfg"g, k|b]z sfg"g / :yfgLo
sfg"g ;Demg' k5{ .
-u_ wf/f eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ;Demg' k5{ .
-3_ gu/kflnsf
eGgfn]
dxfgu/kflnsf
/
pkdxfgu/kflnsf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-_ gful/s eGgfn] g]kfnsf] gful/s ;Demg' k5{ .
-r_ k|b]z eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd ;+3Lo OsfOdf
ljefhg ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] ;+3Lo OsfOsf] If]q / :jk
;Demg' k5{ .
-5_ kfl/>lds eGgfn] tna, eQf / cGo s'g} lsl;dsf]
kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf ;d]t ;Demg' k5{ .
-h_ /fHozlQm eGgfn] /fHosf] sfo{kflnsf, Joj:yflksf /
Gofokflnsf ;DaGwL clwsf/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn]
cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-em_ ljw]os eGgfn] ;+3Lo ;+;b jf k|b]z ;efdf k]z ePsf]
;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg jf P]gsf] d:of}bf ;Demg' k5{ .
-`_ ;+3 eGgfn] ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] OsfOsf]
kdf /xg] ;+3Lo tx ;Demg' k5{ .
-6_ ;+3Lo OsfO eGgfn] ;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx ;Demg'
k5{ .
166

-7_

;+j}wflgs lgsfo eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd u7g

ul/Psf clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg cfof]u, dxfn]vf
k/LIfs, nf]s;]jf cfof]u, lgjf{rg cfof]u, /fli6o dfgj
clwsf/ cfof]u, /fli6o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u,
/fli6o dlxnf cfof]u, /fli6o blnt cfof]u, /fli6o
;dfj]zL cfof]u, cflbjf;L hghflt cfof]u, dw]zL cfof]u,
yf cfof]u / d'l:nd cfof]u ;Demg' k5{ .
-8_ ;LdfGtLs[t eGgfn] /fhgLlts, cfly{s / ;fdflhs
kn] k5fl8 kfl/Psf, lje]b / pTkL8g tyf ef}uf]lns
ljs6tfsf] sf/0fn] ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug{ g;s]sf jf
To;af6 jl~rt /x]sf ;+3Lo sfg"g adf]lhdsf] dfgj
ljsf;sf] :t/ eGbf Go"g l:yltdf /x]sf ;d'bfo ;Demg'
k5{ / ;f] zAbn] clt;LdfGtLs[t / nf]kf]Gd'v ;d'bfo
;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .
-9_ :yfgLo tx eGgfn] o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd :yfkgf x'g]
ufpFFkflnsf, gu/kflnsf / lhNnf ;efnfO{ ;Demg' k5{ .
-@_ ljifo jf k|;n] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df o; ;+ljwfgdf JoQm
ePsf s'/fxsf] cwLgdf /xL sfg"gsf] JofVof ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yf
g]kfn sfg"gsf] JofVofdf nfu" eP ;/x o; ;+ljwfgsf] JofVofdf klg
nfu" x'g]5 .

167

efu#%
;+lIfKt gfd, k|f/De / vf/]hL
#)&= ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De M -!_ o; ;+ljwfgnfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg
elgg]5 .
-@_ of] ;+ljwfg ;+jt\ b'O{ xhf/ axQ/ ;fn c;f]h dxLgfsf] tLg
ut]b]lv k|f/De x'g]5 .
#)*= vf/]hL M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 .

168

cg';"rL!
-wf/f * sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f

g]kfnsf] /fli6o em08f agfpg] t/Lsf

-s_

lsgf/fleqsf] cfsf/ agfpg] t/Lsf

-!_ Pp6f l;ld|s /+usf] /ftf] sk8fdf tNnf] efudf rflxPsf] hlt
nDafOsf] /]vf afofFaf6 bflxg]lt/ lvRg] / o;nfO{ s v gfd
/fVg] .
-@_ s af6 ;Lwf dfly u ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hltdf s v s}
t[tLof+z yKbf hlt x'G5 Tolt nfdf] x'g] u/L s u /]vf lvRg] .

169

-v_

s u df s af6 s v sf] nDafO hlt lnO{ 3 lrgf] nufpg] .

v / 3 hf]8\g] .
-#_ v 3 /]vfdf v af6 s v hlt lnO{ lrgf] nfpg] .
-$_ x'Fb} s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ s u df kg]{ laGb' r af6 z'?
u/L bflxg]lt/ 5 ;Dd s v sf] nDafO hlt /]vf lvRg] .
-%_ u / 5 nfO{ hf]8\g] .
rGb| agfpg] t/Lsf
-^_ s v sf] rt'yf{+z hlt s af6 bflxg]df h lrgf] nfpg] /
ToxfFaf6 dfly s u sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ u 5 nfO{ em df 5'g]
/]vf lvRg] .
-&_ u r sf] cfwf ` af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ /]vf bfofFlt/
lvrL u 5 nfO{ 6 df 5'g] .
-*_ ` 6 / h em /]vf sfl6Psf] 7fpFdf 7 lrgf] /fVg] .
-(_ ` / 5 hf]8\g] .
-!)_ ` 5 / h em sfl6Psf] laGb'df 8 lrgf] nfpg] .
-!!_ 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL v 3 /]vfnfO{ Go"gtd cGt/ kg]{ u/L :kz{
ubf{ x'g] hlt b"/L kg]{ u/L h em /]vfsf] tNnf] efudf 9 lrgf]
nufpg] .
-!@_ 8 df 5f]O{ s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ /]vf afofFaf6 bfofFlt/ lvRg] /
o;n] s u nfO{ 5f]Psf] laGb'sf] gfd 0f /fVg] .
-!#_ 7 s]Gb| lnP/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf j[Q v08 lvRg] / 0f
8 af6 uPsf] /]vfnfO{ o;n] 5f]Psf] b'j} 7fpFdf qmdzM t / y
gfd /fVg] .
-!$_ 8 nfO{ s]Gb| dfgL 8 y Jof;f4{n] tNnf] efudf cw{ j[Qfsf/ t
y nfO{ 5'g] u/L lvRg] .
-!%_ 9 s]Gb| dfgL 9 8 sf] Jof;f4{n] t 9 y j[Q v08sf] b'j}tkm{
5'g] u/L j[Q v08 lvRg] / o;n] t 9 y nfO{ 5f]Psf]
ljGb'xsf] gfd qmdzM b / w /fVg] . b w nfO{ hf]8\g] . b 9 /
h em sfl6Psf] ljGb'sf] gfd g /fVg] .
170

-u_

-3_

-!^_ g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g w n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf] efudf

b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L cw{ j[Qfsf/ lvRg] .
-!&_ g nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ Jof;f4{ g 8 n] t 9 y sf] dflyNnf]
efudf b'j} 7fpFdf 5'g] u/L j[Q v08 lvRg] .
-!*_ o; cg';"rLsf] g+= -!^_ sf] cw{ j[Qfsf/ leq / g+= -!&_ sf]
j[Q v08 aflx/ rGb|dfsf] cf7j6f a/fa/sf sf]0f agfpg] .
;"o{ agfpg] t/Lsf
-!(_ s r sf] cfwf k af6 s v sf] ;dfgfGt/ kf/]/ v df 5'g] u/L
k km /]vf lvRg] .
-@)_ h em / k km sfl6Psf] ljGb' a s]Gb| dfg]/ 8 9 sf] Jof;f4{n]
j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .
-@!_ a nfO{ s]Gb| dfg]/ 7 9 Jof;f4{n] j[Qfsf/ k"/f lvRg] .
-@@_ of] cg';"rLsf] g+= -@)_ sf] j[Qfsf/ aflx/ / of] cg';"rLsf] g+= @!_ sf] j[Qfsf/leq k/]sf] uf]n 3]/fsf] aLr efudf ;"o{sf]
afx|j6f a/fa/sf sf]0fx b'O{ r'Rrfxn] h em /]vfdf 5'g] u/L
agfpg] .
lsgf/f agfpg] t/Lsf
-@#_ g 9 sf] rf}8fO hlt uf9f gLnf] /+usf] lsgf/f em08fsf] cfsf/sf]
aflx/L ;a}lt/sf] ;Ldfdf yKg], t/ em08fsf] kfFr sf]0fxdf rflx+
aflx/L sf]0fx klg leq} ;/xsf agfpg] .
-@$_ em08f 8f]/L nufO{ k|of]u u/]df dfly atfOPs} kL /fVg] . em08f
n6\7Ldf 3';fg]{ xf] eg] s u kl cfjZos k/] hlt lsgf/f
rf}8\ofpg] . 8f]/L jf n6\7Lsf] k|of]udf s u sf] kLdf Kjfn /fVg]
.
:ki6Ls/0f M em08f agfpFbf lvlrPsf h em b w, r , 3, `
5, 0f y, ` 6 / k km /]vfx slNkt x'g\ . To:t} ;"o{sf aflx/L /
leqL j[Qfsf/x tyf v'k]{ rGb| afx]s c? j[Q v08 klg slNkt
x'g\ . lognfO{ em08fdf b]vfOFb}g .
b|i6Jo M /fli6o em08fsf] cfsf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgwf{/0f u/]
adf]lhd x'g]5 .
171

cg';"rL@
-wf/f ( sf] pkwf/f -!_ ;F+u ;DalGwt_
g]kfnsf] /fli6o ufg
;of+} y'Fuf km"nsf xfdL Pp6} dfnf g]kfnL
;fj{ef}d eO{ km}lnPsf d]rLdxfsfnL .
k|s[ltsf sf]6Lsf]6L ;Dkbfsf] cfFrn
jL/xsf /utn] :jtGq / c6n
1fge"ld zflGte"ld t/fO{ kxf8 lxdfn
cv08 of] Kof/f] xfd|f] dft[e"ld g]kfn
ax'n hflt efiff wd{ ;+:s[lt 5g\ ljzfn
cu|ufdL /fi6 xfd|f] ho ho g]kfn .

172

cg';"rL#
-wf/f ( sf] pkwf/f -@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
g]kfnsf] lgzfg 5fk

b|i6Jo M of] lgzfg 5fk cfjZostf cg';f/ 7"nf] jf ;fgf] cfsf/sf]

agfpg ;lsg]5 . To;df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lgwf{l/t /+usf]
k|of]u x'g]5 .

173

cg';"rL$
-wf/f %^ sf] pkwf/f -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|b]z / ;DalGwt k|b]zdf /xg] lhNnfx
k|b]z g+= !
tfKn]h'
2= kfFry/
3= Onfd
4= ;+v'jf;ef
5= t]x|y'd
6= wgs'6f
7= ef]hk'/
8= vf]6f
9= ;f]n'v'Da'
10= cf]vn9'+uf
11= pbok'/
12= emfkf
13= df]/
14= ;'g;/L
1=

k|b]z g+= @
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

174

;Kt/L
l;/fxf
wg'iff
dxf]Q/L
;nf{xL
/f}tx6
af/f
k;f{

k|b]z g+= #
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

k|b]z g+= $

bf]nvf
/fd]5fk
l;Gw'nL
sfe|]knf~rf]s
l;Gw'kfNrf]s
/;'jf
g'jfsf]6
wflb
lrtjg
dsjfgk'/
eQmk'/
nlntk'/
sf7df8f}+

uf]/vf
2.
ndh'
3.
tgx'F
4.
sf:sL
5.
dgf
6.
d':tf
7.
kj{t
8.
:ofhf
9.
DofUbL
10.
afUn'
11.
gjnk/f;L
-ab{3f6 ;':tf k"j{_
1.

175

k|b]z g+= %
1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=
11=
12=

k|b]z g+= ^

gjnk/f;L -ab{3f6 ;':tf

klZrd_
kGb]xL
slkna:t'
kfNkf
c3f{vfFrL
u'NdL
?s'd -k"jL{ efu_
/f]Nkf
Ko"7fg
bf
afFs]
alb{of
k|b]z g+= &

1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=

afh'/f
aemf
8f]6L
c5fd
bfr{'nf
a}t8L
88]Nw'/f
s~rgk'/
s}nfnL

176

1=
2=
3=
4=
5=
6=
7=
8=
9=
10=

?s'd -klZrd efu_

;Nofg
8f]Nkf
h'Dnf
d'u'
x'Dnf
sflnsf]6
hfh/sf]6
b}nv
]
;'v{]t

cg';"rL%
-wf/f %& sf] pkwf/f -!_ / wf/f !)( ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+=
!

ljifox
/Iff / ;]gf ;DaGwL
-s_

/fli6o Pstf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ;+/If0f

-v_

/fli6o ;'/Iff ;DaGwL

o'4 / k|lt/Iff

xftxltof/, v/vhfgf sf/vfgf tyf pTkfbg ;DaGwL

s]Gb|Lo k|x/L, ;z:q k|x/L an, /fli6o u'Ktr/ tyf cg';Gwfg,

zflGt ;'/Iff

s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+ls\u, df}lb|s

gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg, ;xof]u / C0f

k//fi6 tyf s"6gLlts dfldnf, cGt/f{li6o ;DaGw / ;+o'Qm

/fi6;+3 ;DaGwL

&

cGt/f{li6o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tf, ;'k'b{uL, kf/:kl/s sfg"gL ;xfotf /

cGt/f{li6o ;Ldf, cGt/f{li6o ;Ldf gbL,

b"/;~rf/, /]l8of] lk|mSj]G;Lsf] afF8kmfF8, /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / x'nfs

!)

eG;f/, cGtMz'Ns, d"No clej[l4 s/, ;+:yfut cfos/, JolQmut

cfos/, kfl/>lds s/, /fxbfgL z'Ns, le;f z'Ns, ko{6g b:t'/,
;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, b08 hl/afgf
;+3Lo lghfdtL ;]jf, Gofo ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf

!!

hn;|f]tsf] ;+/If0f / ax'cfoflds pkof]u ;DaGwL gLlt / dfkb08

!@

cGt/b]zLo tyf cGt/k|b]z ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg

!#

s]Gb|Lo tYof+s -/fli6o / cGt/f{li6o dfgs / u'0f:t/_

!$

s]Gb|Lo :t/sf 7"nf ljB't, l;+rfO / cGo cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgf

177

!*

s]Gb|Lo ljZjljBfno, s]Gb|Lo:t/sf k|1f k|lti7fg, ljZjljBfno

dfkb08 / lgodg, s]Gb|Lo k':tsfno
:jf:Yo gLlt, :jf:Yo ;]jf, :jf:Yo dfkb08, u'0f:t/ / cg'udg,
/fli6o jf ljlzi6 ;]jf k|bfos c:ktfn, k/Dk/fut pkrf/ ;]jf,
;?jf /f]u lgoGq0f
;+3Lo ;+;b, ;+3Lo sfo{kflnsf, :yfgLo tx ;DaGwL dfldnf,
ljz]if ;+/rgf
cGt/f{li6o Jofkf/, ljlgdo, aGb/ufx, Sjf/]G6fOg

!(

xjfO{ p8\8og, cGt/f{li6o ljdfg:yn

@)

/fli6o oftfoft gLlt, /]n tyf /fli6o nf]sdfu{sf] Joj:yfkg

@!
@@

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, pRr cbfnt, lhNnf cbfnt tyf Gofo k|zf;g

;DaGwL sfg"g
gful/stf, /fxbfgL, le;f, cWofudg

@#

cf0fljs pmhf{, jfo'd08n / cGtl/If ;DaGwL

@$

af}l4s ;DklQ -k]6]G6, l8hfOg, 6]8dfs{ / k|ltlnlk clwsf/ ;d]t_

@%

gfktf}n

@^

vfgL pTvgg

@&
@*

/fli6o tyf cGt/f{li6o jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg, /fli6o lgs'~h,

jGohGt' cf/If tyf l;d;f/ If]q, /fli6o jg gLlt, sfa{g ;]jf
aLdf gLlt, lwtf]kq, ;xsf/L lgodg

@(

e"pkof]u gLlt, a:tL ljsf; gLlt, ko{6g gLlt, jftfj/0f cg's"ng

#)

kmf}hbf/L, b]jfgL sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f

#!

;'/lIft 5fkfvfgf

#@

;fdflhs ;'/Iff / u/LaL lgjf/0f

##

;+j}wflgs lgsfox, /fli6o dxTjsf cfof]ux

#$

k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf :yfg / k|frLg :df/s

#%

;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf jf ;femf ;"rLdf

!%
!^
!&

178

pNn]v gePsf] s'g} ljifo tyf of] ;+ljwfg / ;+3Lo sfg"gdf

gtf]lsPsf] ljifo

179

cg';"rL^
-wf/f %& sf] pkwf/f -@_, wf/f !^@ sf] pkwf/f -$_, wf/f !(&, wf/f @#! sf]
pkwf/f -#_, wf/f @#@ sf] pkwf/f -&_, wf/f @&$ sf] pkwf/f -$_ / wf/f @(^
sf] pkwf/f -$_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+=

ljifox

1.

k|b]z k|x/L k|zf;g / zflGt ;'/Iff

2.

g]kfn /fi6 a}+ssf] gLlt cg'?k ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] ;~rfng,

;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u

3.

/]l8of], Pkm= Pd, 6]lnlehg ;~rfng

4.

3/ hUuf /lhi6]zg z'Ns, ;jf/L ;fwg s/, dgf]/~hg s/,

lj1fkg s/, ko{6g, s[lif cfodf s/, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, b08
hl/jfgf

5.

k|b]z lghfdtL ;]jf / cGo ;/sf/L ;]jf

6.

k|b]z tYof+s

7.

k|b]z :t/sf] ljB't, l;rfO / vfg]kfgL ;]jf, kl/jxg

8.

k|b]z ljZjljBfno, pRr lzIff, k':tsfno, ;+u|xfno

9.

:jf:Yo ;]jf

10.

k|b]z ;ef, k|b]z dlGqkl/ifb ;DaGwL

11.

k|b]zleqsf] Jofkf/

12.

k|b]z nf]sdfu{

13.

k|b]z cg';Gwfg Ao'/f]

180

14.

k|b]z ;/sf/L sfof{noxsf] ef}lts Joj:yfkg / cGo cfjZos

ljifo

15.

k|b]z nf]s ;]jf cfof]u

16.

e"ld Joj:yfkg, hUufsf] clen]v

17.

vfgL cGj]if0f / Joj:yfkg

18.

efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, nlntsnf / wd{sf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u

19.

k|b]zleqsf] /fli6o jg, hn pkof]u tyf jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg

20.

s[lif tyf kz' ljsf;, snsf/vfgf, cf}Bf]lusLs/0f, Jofkf/

Joj;fo, oftfoft,

21.

u'7L Joj:yfkg

181

cg';"rL&
-wf/f %& sf] pkwf/f -#_, wf/f !)(, wf/f !^@ sf] pkwf/f -$_, wf/f !(& ;Fu
;DalGwt_
;+3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+=

ljifox

1.

kmf}hbf/L tyf b]jfgL sfo{ljlw / k|df0f / zky -sfg"gL dfGotf,

;fj{hlgs sfo{ / clen]v / Goflos k|lqmof_

2.

cfjZos j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfk"lt{, ljt/0f, d"No lgoGq0f, u'0f:t/ /

cg'udg

3.

b]zsf] ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lgjf/s gh/aGb, sf/fuf/ tyf

lx/f;t Joj:yfkg / zflGt ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf

4.

Ps k|b]zaf6 csf]{ k|b]zdf cleo'Qm, y'g'jf / s}bLsf] :yfgfGt/0f

5.

kfl/jfl/s dfldnf -ljjfx, ;DklQ x:tfGt/0f, ;DaGw ljR5]b,

nf]kf]Gd'v, 6'x'/f, wd{k'q, wd{k'qL pQ/flwsf/ / ;+o'Qm kl/jf/_
;DaGwL sfg"g

6.

;DklQ k|flKt, clwu|x0f / clwsf/sf] ;[hgf

7.

s/f/, ;xsf/L, ;fem]bf/L / Ph]G;L ;DaGwL

8.

6f6 kN6]sf] / bfdf;fxL ;DaGwL

9.

cf}iflw / ljifflb

10.

of]hgf, kl/jf/ lgof]hg / hg;+Vof Joj:yfkg

11.

;fdflhs ;'/Iff / /f]huf/L, 6]8 o'lgog, cf}Bf]lus ljjfbsf]

;dfwfg, >ldssf xs, clwsf/ / ljjfb ;DaGwL sfo{

12.

sfg"g Joj;fo, n]vfk/LIf0f, OlGhlgol/, lrlsT;f, cfo'j{]b

lrlsT;f, kz' lrlsT;f, cfDrL / cGo k]zf

13.

k|b]z ;Ldf gbL, hndfu{, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, h}ljs ljljwtf

182

14.

;~rf/ dfWod ;DaGwL

15.

pBf]u tyf vlgh / ef}lts k"jf{wf/

16.

Sofl;gf], lr7\7f

17.

k|fs[lts tyf u}/ k|fs[lts ljkb k"j{ tof/L, p4f/ tyf /fxt /
k'gnf{e

18.

ko{6g, vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

19.

rnlrq, l;g]df xn, v]ns"b

20.

aLdf Joj;fo ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg

21.

u/LaL lgjf/0f / cf}Bf]uLs/0f

22.

j}1flgs cg';Gwfg, lj1fg k|ljlw / dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;

23.

cGt/k|fb]lzs kdf km}lnPsf] h+un, lxdfn, jg ;+/If0f If]q hn

pkof]u

24.

e"ld gLlt / ;f] ;DaGwL sfg"g

25.

/f]huf/L / a]/f]huf/ ;xfotf

183

cg';"rL*
-wf/f %& sf] pkwf/f -$_, wf/f @!$ sf] pkwf/f -@_, wf/f @@! sf] pkwf/f -@_
/ wf/f @@^ sf] pkwf/f -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
:yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL
qm=;+

ljifox

2.

gu/ k|x/L
;xsf/L ;+:yf

3.

Pkm= Pd ;~rfng

1.

4.

:yfgLo s/ -;DklQ s/, 3/ axfn s/, 3/ hUuf /lhi6]zg z'Ns,

;jf/L ;fwg s/_, ;]jf z'Ns b:t'/, ko{6g z'Ns, lj1fkg s/,
Joj;fo s/, e"lds/ -dfnkf]t_, b08 hl/jfgf, dgf]/~hg s/,
dfnkf]t ;+sng

6.

:yfgLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yfkg

:yfgLo tYof+s / clen]v ;+sng

7.

:yfgLo :t/sf ljsf; cfof]hgf tyf kl/of]hgfx

8.
9.

cfwf/e"t / dfWolds lzIff

cfwf/e"t :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO

10.

:yfgLo ahf/ Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f / h}ljs ljljwtf

11.

:yfgLo ;8s, u|fdL0f ;8s, s[lif ;8s, l;+rfO

12.

ufpF ;ef, gu/ ;ef, lhNnf ;ef, :yfgLo cbfnt, d]nldnfk /

dWo:ytfsf] Joj:yfkg

13.
14.

:yfgLo clen]v Joj:yfkg

3/ hUuf wgL k'hf{ ljt/0f

15.

s[lif tyf kz'kfng, s[lif pTkfbg Joj:yfkg, kz' :jf:Yo, ;xsf/L

5.

184

16.

Ho]i7 gful/s, ckf+utf ePsf JolQm / czQmxsf] Joj:yfkg

17.

a]/f]huf/sf] tYof+s ;+sng

18.

s[lif k|;f/sf] Joj:yfkg, ;+rfng / lgoGq0f

19.

21.

vfg]kfgL, ;fgf hnljB't cfof]hgf, j}slNks pmhf{

ljkb Joj:yfkg
hnfwf/, jGohGt', vfgL tyf vlgh kbfy{sf] ;+/If0f

22.

efiff, ;+:s[lt / nlntsnfsf] ;+/If0f / ljsf;

20.

185

cg';"rL(
-wf/f %& sf] pkwf/f -%_, wf/f !)(, wf/f !^@ sf] pkwf/f -$_, wf/f !(&,
wf/f @!$ sf] pkwf/f -@_, wf/f @@! sf] pkwf/f -@_ / wf/f @@^ sf] pkwf/f
-!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_
;+3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/sf] ;femf ;"rL
qm=;+

ljifox

1=

;xsf/L

2=

lzIff, v]ns"b / kqklqsf

3=

:jf:Yo

4=

s[lif

5=

ljB't, vfg]kfgL, l;+rfO h:tf ;]jfx

6=

;]jf z'Ns, b:t'/, b08 hl/jfgf tyf k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt

/f]oN6L, ko{6g z'Ns

7=

jg, h+un, jGohGt', r/fr'?+uL, hn pkof]u, jftfj/0f, kof{j/0f

tyf h}ljs ljljwtf

8=

vfgL tyf vlgh

9=

ljkb Joj:yfkg

10=

;fdflhs ;'/Iff / u/LaL lgjf/0f

11=

JolQmut 36gf, hGd, d[To', ljjfx / tYof+s

12=

k'/ftTj, k|frLg :df/s / ;+u|xfno

13=

;'s'Daf;L Joj:yfkg

14=

k|fs[lts ;|f]taf6 k|fKt /f]oN6L

15=

;jf/L ;fwg cg'dlt

;+ljwfg;ef cWoIff/f k|dfl0ft ldlt M )&@)^ )#

186