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Modeling
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During normal operation the current flowing in the zig-zag transformer is the magnetizing
current which is very small compared to the normal operating current and hence is
negligible
Under a line to ground fault the current flowing to the ground through the zig-zag
transformer is equal to the rated neutral current, if 100% line to neutral voltage is applied
ETAP Representation
A zig-zag grounding transformer can be represented in ETAP by a R / transformer with
side bus open:
Zig-Zag
Transformer
This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 1 of 2
ETAPKB
Equivalent Parameters
The parameters of transformer Td are calculated as follows:
Let the zig-zag transformer have the following rating:
MVAzz
kVzz (Line to Line)
Ig , zz (Ground Current)
Zzz = 100%
Therefore, the equivalent parameters of the transformer Td will be:
MVA = MVAzz
kV prim = kVzz
kVsec = kVzz
3 kVzz 1000 MVA
Z Td = 100
= 100%
kV 2 prim
3 Ig , zz
This document is confidential and proprietary to Operation Technology, Inc. and may not be reproduced, published or disclosed to
others without the written authorization of Operation Technology, Inc., 17 Goodyear, Suite 100, Irvine, CA 92618, USA. 2010 by
Operation Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Page 2 of 2
ETAPKB