MasteringEngineering: Lecture 3

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Position Vectors
Description: Includes Math Remediation. In this tutorial, students will find the position vectors for two points that
have a common origin, find the position vector between the two points, and determine the force acting along a given
direction.
Learning Goal:
To find a position vector between two arbitrary points.
As shown, two cables connect three points. C is below A by a distance C z = 1.90 ftand connected to A by a cable
9.36 ftlong. Cable A C forms an angle = 27.0 with the positive y axis. B is 8.50 ftabove C and the distances B x
and B y are 7.70 ftand 4.70 ft, respectively.

Part A - Position vector from A to B

Using the dimensions in the figure, find the position vector from A to B in component form.
Express your answers, separated by commas, to three significant figures.

Hints (3)

Hint 1. Position vectors

Position vectors give information about the distance between two points and the direction of their relative
positions. From previous tutorials, we know that Cartesian coordinates give both magnitude and direction of
vectors; therefore, position vectors can be expressed as Cartesian vectors with three-dimensional
components. To best illustrate the procedure for finding position vectors, picture two points lying along a
number line; the position vector between these two points is their difference. The position vectors direction
is such that it points from the starting point toward the ending point. The position vectors sign is then given
by the direction in which it points; thus if the value increases from the start to the end the sign is positive. If
the value decreases from the start to the end the sign is negative.

So if two points lying in the xy plane have coordinates (x1,y1)and (x2 ,y2), the position vector from 1 to
2 is {x2 x1,y2 y1}. Naturally, the position vector from 2 to 1 is the negative of the position vector
from 1 to 2. Care should be taken to determine the correct sign for each component.

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Hint 2. Calculate the z component of the position vector from A to B

What is the z component of the position vector from A to B ?
Express your answer to three significant figures.
ANSWER:

rA B z =

= 6.60 ft

Hint 3. Identify the equations used to calculate the components

Which of the following equations expresses the position vector, rA B , from A to B correctly in terms of the
distances indicated in the picture?

Hints (1)

Hint 1. A useful diagram

The diagram below shows a sketch of arbitrary vectors A and B and the vector connecting the
end of A to end of B , r.

Using vector addition, we can write B = A + r. Algebraically solve for r and evaluate using
Cartesian components.

ANSWER:

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rA B = (A x + B x)i+ (A y B y)j+ (A z l)k

rA B = ( B x A x)i+ (B y A y)j+ (l C z A z)k
rA B = (A x B x)2 i+ (A y B y)2 j+ (A z l+ C z)2 k
rA B = ( B x A x)2 i+ (B y A y)2 j+ (l A z)2 k

ANSWER:
,

rA B =

= -7.70, 4.70, 6.60 ift,jft,k ft

Part B - Unit direction vector for line AB

For the position vector found in Part A, find the unit direction vector acting in the same direction. Express your answer
in component form.
Express your answers, separated by commas, to three significant figures.

Hints (2)

Hint 1. Unit direction vector

A unit direction vector is a unit vector with the same direction and sign as the position vector. Like all unit
vectors, its magnitude is one. The unit direction vector is found by dividing the position vector components
by the magnitude of the position vector:
ur = rr.

Hint 2. Calculate the magnitude of the position vector

The magnitude of a vector with known components is found through the application of the Pythagorean
theorem. Find the magnitude of the position vector from A to B .
Express your answer to three significant figures.

Hints (1)

Hint 1. Equation for the magnitude of a vector

The formula for the magnitude of a vector is

v=

vx2 + vy2 + vz2.

ANSWER:

rA B =

= 11.2 ft

ANSWER:

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uA B =

= -0.689, 0.420, 0.590 i,j,k

Part C - Position vector from A to C

The length of cable A C is 9.36 ft, and the cable forms the angle = 27.0 with the y axis. Given this information
and the dimensions provided in the figure, find the position vector from A to C . Express the position vector in
component form.
Express your answers, separated by commas, to three significant figures.

Hints (2)

Hint 1. Finding the x component of the position vector AC

The x component of the position vector is not explicitly given. It must be calculated from the length of cable
A C and other information given.

From this diagram, you can see that the side of the triangle from point C to the y axis forms a right angle
with the y axis. Using right-triangle trigonometry and the Pythagorean theorem the x and y components can
be determined.

Hint 2. Calculate the x component of the position vector

Using the known values for the length of the cable, 9.36 ft, the angle cable A C makes with the positive y
axis, 27.0 , and the z component, determine the x component.
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
= 3.80

rA C x =

ANSWER:

rA C =

= 3.80, 8.34, -1.90 ift,jft,k ft

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Part D - Position vector from B to C

Find the position vector from B to C . Express your answer in component form.
Express your answers, separated by commas, to three significant figures.

Hints (2)

Hint 1. Determining the position vector between two points

The position between two arbitrary points can be found using several methods.
1. If the two points are already defined (position vectors are known) with respect to a common
third point, then the position vector between the two arbitrary points can be found from the
known position vectors using vector addition. Recall that vectors add tip-to-tail. To add vectors
tip-to-tip or tail-to-tail requires a sign change.
2. A second, simpler method is to write the Cartesian coordinates of the points with point A at
the origin. The position vector is the difference between points C and B .
3. Lastly, a third method is to determine the displacement for each coordinate direction between
the two points, then determine the correct sign of the component vector. For example, if the
first point is (5,7, 1)and the second point is (7,4,2), then the displacement in the x
direction is positive 2, etc.
For the first method, recognize that point A is the common point for which B and C are already defined.
The position vector between the B and C then can be written in terms of the previous position vectors
found in Part A and Part C: rB C = rA B rA C .

Hint 2. Calculate the x component of the position vector from B to C

Using the vector components for position vectors rA B and rA C found in Parts A and B, determine the x
component of position vector rB C . Recall the equation rB C = rA C rA B ; this equation can be evaluated
by summing the Cartesian components for each direction.
Express your answer to three significant figures.
ANSWER:
= 11.5 ft

rB C x =

ANSWER:

rB C =

= 11.5, 3.64, -8.50 ift,jft,k ft

Part E - Tension in the cable

A cable is attached between B and C . The cable is attached in such a way that it has a tension of T B C along its
length. The tensile force will attempt to pull B toward C . The force exerted on B has a z component with a magnitude
of 10 lb . What is the magnitude of the tension in the cable, TB C ?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.

Hints (2)

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Hint 1. Geometry of the angles

The geometry of the cable will determine the components of force for a given magnitude. Notice that the
angle between the position vector and its components is the same for the force and its components. By
finding the angle between the position vector and one of its components, the tensile force can be found
using the known force component.

Hint 2. Find the cosine of the angle between the cable and the positive z axis
The angle, , is the same between the z components of both the position vector and the tensile force. The
first step in solving for the tension is to solve for the cosine of the angle. What is the cosine of the angle
between the z axis and the cable?
Express your answer to three significant figures.

Hints (1)

Hint 1. Direction of the z component

Recall that is defined between the cable and the positive z axis. However, because the z
component of the tension acts in the negative z direction, it has a negative value when calculating
.

ANSWER:

cos( )=

= -0.576

ANSWER:

TB C =

= 17.4

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294.
z

The tower is held in place by three cables. If the force of

each cable acting on the tower is shown, determine the
magnitude and coordinate direction angles a, b, g of the
resultant force. Take x = 20 m, y = 15 m.

D
600 N
400 N

800 N

SOLUTION
FDA = 400 a

20
15
24
i +
j kb N
34.66
34.66
34.66

FDB = 800 a

4
24
-6
i +
j kb N
25.06
25.06
25.06

FDC = 600a

24 m

16 m

18
24
16
i j kb N
34
34
34

FR = FDA + FDB + FDC

18 m

FR = 2(321.66)2 + (- 16.82)2 + ( -1466.71)2

Ans.

a = cos-1 a

321.66
b = 77.6
1501.66

Ans.

b = cos-1 a

-16.82
b = 90.6
1501.66

Ans.

g = cos-1 a

-1466.71
b = 168
1501.66

Ans.

4m

6m
x

y
A

= {321.66i - 16.82j - 1466.71k} N

= 1501.66 N = 1.50 kN

2111.
The window is held open by chain AB. Determine the
length of the chain, and express the 50-lb force acting at A
along the chain as a Cartesian vector and determine its
coordinate direction angles.

5 ft

F = 50 lb

SOLUTION

12 ft
A

Unit Vector: The coordinates of point A are

5 ft
40

A15 cos 40, 8, 5 sin 402 ft = A13.830, 8.00, 3.2142 ft

y
5 ft

Then

8 ft
x

rAB = 510 - 3.8302i + 15 - 8.002j + 112 - 3.2142k6 ft

= 5-3.830i - 3.00j + 8.786k6 ft
rAB = 21-3.83022 + 1-3.0022 + 8.7862 = 10.043 ft = 10.0 ft
uAB =

Ans.

-3.830i - 3.00j + 8.786k

rAB
=
rAB
10.043
= - 0.3814i - 0.2987j + 0.8748k

Force Vector:
F = FuAB = 505 -0.3814i - 0.2987j + 0.8748k6 lb
= 5-19.1i - 14.9j + 43.7k6 lb

Ans.

Coordinate Direction Angles: From the unit vector uAB obtained above, we have
cos a = - 0.3814

a = 112

Ans.

cos b = - 0.2987

b = 107

Ans.

cos g = 0.8748

g = 29.0

Ans.

2119.
Determine the angle u between the y axis of the pole and
the wire AB.

3 ft
C

2 ft

SOLUTION
Position Vector:

2 ft
x

rAC = 5 -3j6 ft

2 ft

rAB = 512 - 02i + 12 - 32j + 1-2 - 02k6 ft

= 52i - 1j - 2k6 ft
The magnitudes of the position vectors are
rAC = 3.00 ft

rAB = 22 2 + 1-122 + 1-222 = 3.00 ft

The Angles Between Two Vectors U: The dot product of two vectors must be
determined first.
rAC # rAB = 1-3j2 # 12i - 1j - 2k2
= 0122 + 1-321-12 + 01-22
= 3
Then,
u = cos-1

rAO # rAB
rAOrAB

= cos-1

3
3.00 3.00

= 70.5

Ans.

2139.
Determine the magnitude of the projected component of
the force F = 300 N acting along line OA.

30

z
A

30
300 mm

O
300 mm

SOLUTION

300 mm

Force and Unit Vector: The force vector F and unit vector uOA must be determined
first. From Fig. a
F = (- 300 sin 30 sin 30i + 300 cos 30j + 300 sin 30 cos 30k)
= { - 75i + 259.81j + 129.90k} N
uOA =

(- 0.45 - 0)i + (0.3 - 0)j + (0.2598 - 0)k

rOA
=
= -0.75i + 0.5j + 0.4330k
rOA
2( - 0.45 - 0)2 + (0.3 - 0)2 + (0.2598 - 0)2

Vector Dot Product: The magnitude of the projected component of F along line OA is
FOA = F # uOA =

A -75i + 259.81j + 129.90k B # A - 0.75i + 0.5j + 0.4330k B

= (- 75)( -0.75) + 259.81(0.5) + 129.90(0.4330)

= 242 N

Ans.

300 N

MasteringEngineering: Lecture 4

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Coplanar Force Systems

Description: In this tutorial, students will use the spring equation to solve for unknown forces in two dimensions and
find the new length of the springs and will also find an unknown spring constant from an applied force and the systems
geometry.
Learning Goal:
To use the equations of equilibrium to find unknown forces in two dimensions; understand the relationship between a
springs unloaded length, its displacement, and its loaded length; and use the spring equation to solve problems involving
multiple springs.
As shown, a frictionless pulley hangs from a system of springs and a cable. The pulley is equidistant between the two
supports attaching the springs to the ceiling. The distance between the supports is d = 1.50 m . The cable cannot stretch
and its length between the two springs is 1.8 m.

Part A - Finding an unknown weight

As shown, a mass is hung from the pulley. This mass causes a tensile force of 16.0 N in the cable and the pulley to
hang h = 130.0 cm from the ceiling. Assume that the pulley has no mass. What is the weight of the mass?
Express your answer to three significant
figures and include the appropriate units.

Hints (4)

Hint 1. Coplanar force system

A coplanar force system is a collection of forces that act entirely within a particular plane of interest.
Therefore, all the forces acting on a point of interest are two dimensional and act only within a
two-dimensional plane (xy, yz, xz). Coplanar force systems allow for a simplified analysis of equilibrium

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because only two directions need to be considered. So

for the xy plane and can be evaluated using

F = 0 simplifies to

F x i+
F y j= 0
F x = 0 and F y = 0 .

It is important to continue using a consistent sign convention for all forces, since the sign accounts for the
direction of action of the force. For unknown forces, a direction or sign can be assumed; if the answer
yields a negative value the force acts in the opposite direction from what was assumed.

Hint 2. Identify the equation for the angle of action of the tension
To use the equations of equilibrium for the component directions, the forces acting on a particle must be
written in component form. Before the components of the tensile force in the cable can be written, the angle
between the force and a coordinate axis needs to be determined from the geometry of the system.
In this problem, two separate angles can be used to solve the problem. The first, , is the angle between
the positive y axis and the cable. The second, , is the angle between the x axis and the cable.

Identify the correct trigonometric relationships defining the angles in terms of the dimensions d and h.
ANSWER:
d
= tan 1 ( 2h
),

= tan 1 ( 2h
)
d

= tan 1 ( 2d
),
h

h
= tan 1 ( 2d
)

= tan 1 ( 2h
),
d

d
= tan 1 ( 2h
)

= tan 1 ( dh ),

= tan 1 ( hd )

Hint 3. Draw the free-body diagram of the pulley

Draw the free body diagram of the pulley. Recall that the pulley has no mass.
Start all forces in the center of the pulley. Draw all forces as tensile forces, or pulling forces. All
angles are measured from the positive x axis and are positive in the counterclockwise direction.
ANSWER:

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Hint 4. Find the y component of the tension

Find the magnitude of the y component of the tensile force in one side of the cable.
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
= 13.9

Ty =
Also accepted:

= 13.9

ANSWER:

W =
Also accepted:

= 27.7
= 27.7

Part B - Finding the mass of the pulley

As shown, an object with mass m = 5.1 kgis hung from a pulley and spring system. When the object is hung, the
tension in the cable is 36.9 N and the pulley is h = 147.2 cm below the ceiling.
Because the tensile force is greater than the objects weight, the pulley cannot be massless as assumed. Find the
mass of the pulley.
Express your answer to three significant

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figures and include the appropriate units.

For this problem, use g = 9.81 m /s2 .

Hints (3)

Hint 1. Coplanar forces

Coplanar force systems have forces that act entirely within a plane. In other words, all forces are two
dimensional. The equation of equilibrium for a coplanar system is:

F x i+
F y j= 0,
F x = 0 and F y = 0.

which can be evaluated with the magnitudes as

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Hint 2. Draw the free-body diagram of the pulley

Draw the free-body diagram of the pulley. Recall that the pulley has a mass.
Start all forces in the center of the pulley. Draw all forces as tensile forces, or pulling forces. All
angles are measured from the positive x axis and are positive in the counterclockwise direction.
ANSWER:

Hint 3. Determine the equation of equilibrium

Determine the equation of equilibrium needed to solve for the object of the pulley. For this equation let T be
the tension in the cable, m be the mass of the hanging weight, and m p be the mass of the pulley. Let be
the angle between the cable and the positive y axis and be the angle between the cable and the ceiling or
horizontal.
ANSWER:

2T cos( ) 9.81m 9.81m p

2T sin( ) 9.81m 9.81m p
2T sin( )+ 9.81m + 9.81m p
2T cos( )+ 9.81m + 9.81m p

ANSWER:
mass of pulley =

= 1.60

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Part C - Finding the spring constant

As shown, Spring 3, which has an unknown spring constant k3, replaces Spring 2. The mass of the weight and pulley
are unchanged: m = 5.1 kgand m p = 1.6 kg. However, because of the different spring constant the distance the
pulley hangs below the ceiling is now, h = 115.0 cm . The unloaded length of Spring 3 is 3 = 34.5 cm ; after
hanging the mass and pulley, the springs length is 3 = 42.5 cm . Determine the spring constant of Spring 3, k3.
Express your answer to three significant
figures and include the appropriate units.

Hints (3)

Hint 1. Spring force equation

For linear elastic springs, the equation defining the force developed as they stretch is

F s = ks,
where k is the spring constant, which has units of force over length, and s is the deformation or change in
length of the spring.

Hint 2. Find the magnitude of the tension

Given h = 115.0 cm , the mass of the pulley, m p = 1.6 kg, and the mass of the hanging object,
m = 5.1 kg, find the magnitude of the tension in the cable.
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. For this
problem, use g = 9.81 m /s2 .
ANSWER:

T=

= 39.2

Hint 3. Find the displacement in the spring, s

The spring force equation for a linear elastic spring is F s = ks . In this equation k is the spring constant
and s is the displacement of the spring. To solve for the unknown spring constant of Spring 3, you must
know the force, F s, and the displacement of the spring. Given the unloaded and loaded lengths of Spring 3
find the displacement s3 in meters.
Express your answer to three significant figures.

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Hints (1)

Hint 1. Force in Spring 3

To use the spring force equation the force in or applied to the spring, F s, must be known. To find
it, draw the free-body diagram of the spring and cable (on the side of the pulley containing Spring
3). From the free-body diagram, notice that the tension in the cable is transferred entirely to the
spring.
ANSWER:

s3 =

= 8.00102 m

ANSWER:

k3 =

= 490

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33.
The lift sling is used to hoist a container having a mass of
500 kg. Determine the force in each of the cables AB and
AC as a function of u. If the maximum tension allowed in
each cable is 5 kN, determine the shortest lengths of cables
AB and AC that can be used for the lift. The center of
gravity of the container is located at G.

F
A

SOLUTION

Free-Body Diagram: By observation, the force F1 has to support the entire weight
of the container. Thus, F1 = 50019.812 = 4905 N.

1.5 m

1.5 m

Equations of Equilibrium:
+ F = 0;
:
x

FAC cos u - FAB cos u = 0

+ c Fy = 0;

4905 - 2F sin u = 0

FAC = FAB = F

F = 52452.5 cos u6 N

Thus,
FAC = FAB = F = 52.45 cos u6 kN

Ans.

If the maximum allowable tension in the cable is 5 kN, then

2452.5 cos u = 5000
u = 29.37
From the geometry, l =

1.5
and u = 29.37. Therefore
cos u
l =

1.5
= 1.72 m
cos 29.37

Ans.

315.

The spring has a stiffness of k = 800 N>m and an unstretched

length of 200 mm. Determine the force in cables BC and BD
when the spring is held in the position shown.

400 mm
A

800 N/m

SOLUTION

300 mm

The Force in The Spring: The spring stretches s = l - l0 = 0.5 - 0.2 = 0.3 m.
Applying Eq. 32, we have

Fsp = ks = 800(0.3) = 240 N

500 mm

Equations of Equilibrium:
+ F = 0;
:
x

4
FBC cos 45 + FBD a b - 240 = 0
5
0.7071FBC + 0.8FBD = 240

+ c Fy = 0;

(1)

3
FBC sin 45 - FBD a b = 0
5
FBC = 0.8485FBD

(2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields,

FBD = 171 N

FBC = 145 N

Ans.

400 mm

330.
A 4-kg sphere rests on the smooth parabolic surface.
Determine the normal force it exerts on the surface and the
mass mB of block B needed to hold it in the equilibrium
position shown.

60

SOLUTION
A

Geometry: The angle u which the surface makes with the horizontal is to be
determined first.

2.5x2

0.4 m

tan u `

x = 0.4 m

dy
= 5.0x `
= 2.00
`
dx x = 0.4 m
x = 0.4 m

x
0.4 m

u = 63.43
Free-Body Diagram: The tension in the cord is the same throughout the cord and is
equal to the weight of block B, WB = mB (9.81).
Equations of Equilibrium:
+ F = 0;
:
x

mB (9.81) cos 60 - Nsin 63.43 = 0

N = 5.4840mB

+ c Fy = 0;

(1)

mB (9.81) sin 60 + Ncos 63.43 - 39.24 = 0

8.4957mB + 0.4472N = 39.24

(2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

mB = 3.58 kg

N = 19.7 N

Ans.

331.
If the bucket weighs 50 lb, determine the tension developed
in each of the wires.

C
B

30

A
5

SOLUTION

Equations of Equilibrium: First, we will apply the equations of equilibrium along the
x and y axes to the free-body diagram of joint E shown in Fig. a.
+ F = 0;
:
x

3
FED cos 30 - FEB a b = 0
5

(1)

+ c Fy = 0;

4
FED sin 30 + FEB a b - 50 = 0
5

(2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2), yields

FED = 30.2 lb

FEB = 43.61 lb = 43.6 lb

Ans.

Using the result FEB = 43.61 lb and applying the equations of equilibrium to the
free-body diagram of joint B shown in Fig. b,
+ c Fy = 0;

4
FBC sin 30 - 43.61a b = 0
5
FBC = 69.78 lb = 69.8 lb

+ F = 0;
:
x

30

Ans.

3
69.78 cos 30 + 43.61a b - FBA = 0
5
FBA = 86.6 lb

Ans.

*356.
Determine the force in each cable needed to support the
3500-lb platform. Set d = 2 ft.

z
3500 lb
A

10 ft

SOLUTION
Cartesian Vector Notation:
FAB = FAB
FAC = FAC
FAD = FAD

4i - 3j - 10k
24 + ( -3)2 + (- 10)2
2

2i + 3j - 10k
222 + 32 + (- 10)

= 0.3578FAB i - 0.2683FAB j - 0.8944FAB k

D
B

= 0.1881FAC i + 0.2822FAC j - 0.9407FACk

2

- 4i + 1j - 10k
2(- 4)2 + 12 + ( -10)2

= - 0.3698FAD i + 0.09245FAD j - 0.9245FAD k x

Equations of Equilibrium:
FAB + FAC + FAD + F = 0

(0.3578FAB + 0.1881FAC - 0.3698FAD) i + (- 0.2683FAB + 0.2822FAC + 0.09245FAD)j

+ ( - 0.8944FAB - 0.9407FAC - 0.9245FAD + 3500)k = 0
Equating i, j, and k components, we have
0.3578FAB + 0.1881FAC - 0.3698FAD = 0

(1)

-0.2683FAB + 0.2822FAC + 0.09245FAD = 0

(2)

- 0.8944FAB - 0.9407FAC - 0.9245FAD + 3500 = 0

(3)

Solving Eqs. (1), (2) and (3) yields

FAB = 1369.59 lb = 1.37 kip
FAD = 1703.62 lb = 1.70 kip

FAC = 744.11 lb = 0.744 kip

4 ft

3 ft

F = {3500k} lb

F = 0;

2 ft

Ans.
Ans.

C
3 ft

4 ft

361.
If cable AD is tightened by a turnbuckle and develops a
tension of 1300 lb, determine the tension developed in
cables AB and AC and the force developed along the
antenna tower AE at point A.

A
30 ft

10 ft

10 ft
B

E
D

15 ft
12.5 ft
x

SOLUTION

Force Vectors: We can express each of the forces on the free-body diagram shown in
Fig. a in Cartesian vector form as

FAB = FAB C

FAC = FAC C

FAD = FAD C

(10 - 0)i + (-15 - 0)j + (-30 - 0)k

2(10 - 0) + (-15 - 0) + (-30 - 0)
2

S =

(-15 - 0)i + (-10 - 0)j + ( -30 - 0)k

2(-15 - 0)2 + (-10 - 0)2 + (-30 - 0)2
(0 - 0)i + (12.5 - 0)j + ( -30 - 0)k
2(0 - 0)2 + (12.5 - 0)2 + (-30 - 0)2

2
3
6
FAB i - FAB j - FAB k
7
7
7

3
2
6
S = - FAC i - FAC j - FAC k
7
7
7

S = {500j - 1200k} lb

FAE = FAE k
Equations of Equilibrium: Equilibrium requires
gF = 0;
2
7

FAB i 2
7

FAB -

FAB + FAC + FAD + FAE = 0

3
6
3
2
6
FAB j - FAB k + - FAC i - FAC j - FAC k + (500j - 1200k) + FAE k = 0
7
7
7
7
7
3
3
2
6
6
F i + - FAB - FAC + 500 j + - FAB - FAC + FAE - 1200 k = 0
7 AC
7
7
7
7

Equating the i, j, and k components yields

3
2
F - FAC = 0
7 AB
7
2
3
- FAB - FAC + 500 = 0
7
7
6
6
- FAB - FAC + FAE - 1200 = 0
7
7

(1)
(2)
(3)

Solving Eqs. (1) through (3) yields

FAB = 808 lb
FAC = 538 lb
FAE = 2354 lb = 2.35 kip

Ans.
Ans.
Ans.

15 ft
y