.

#4
-8 -8
: 14-15

2014

yoveli ena unikaluria ara marto struqturis TvalsazrisiT,

aramed masSi dafiqsirebuli erovnuli msoflaRqmis
TvalsazrisiTac. ama Tu im enaze molaparakeTa mier
obieqturi
samyaros danawevreba kargad Cans leqsikur erTeulebSi,
romlebsac
mxolod sityvebi ki ara, frazeologizmebic ganekuTvneba.
,
,
,

.


, .
,
, -. , .

, , , !

,
,
-,
, ,


, ,
-; ,


( )
1.. , ,
,
2.

3.
4. (
)
5.
6. -

7.
8.
9.
10. ( )
11.

 :
a. TayaiSvili, qarTulifrazeologiis
sakiTxebi
T. saxokia, qarTuli xatovani sityvaTqmani
al. oniani, qarTuli idiomebi
-8

ena.ge intermedia.ge

 :
1. ) ) )
2. ) )
)
3. ) )
)
4. ) ) )
5. )- ) , )

6. ) ) )
7. ) ) )
8. ) ) )

9. ) ) )
10. ) )

1. , , ,
.
2. , , .
3. , , ,
.
4. , , ,
.
5. , ... .
6. - , ,
.
7. , ,
.
8., , ?


:
; ; ;
; ; ;
;
1. , --------------- .
2 - ? - ,
-------------------- .
3. , ---------------------------- , .
4. ------------------------------------ .
5.
, -------------------
.
6., -------------------- -,
.


, .

1.
2. ,

3. 4.
5. 6.,

7.

8. 9.

10. ,

11.
12 13.
14. 15.

16. 17.

18. 19.

) )

),
),
)
) )
(.) ) ) ,
), ,
)
),
),

) ,
),
) ,
) ,
) )
, )
,

,,

.

()
,

.
,


.



,


.


,
,

(
) ,
.


, ,

.



.


.

.


.

( )- ,
, ,
, ,

.

, :
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
.

,
, ,

.

.
. . . ,
. ... , , , , ...
, ,
: . ,
. ?.. ,
. .
, - .
, . .
- , .
, ? , ,
. .
, . ,
, . .. ,

, , , ,
, , . ,
-. ? -. ,
,- . , ,
?! , . ,
-. ,
. : , , -.
. . , .
, , .
. ...
, , . ?!
,
. , :
. ,
? , , : , -?
, .
?! , ,

 ?.. , ...
. . ,
, , .
. , ... ,
. .
. , ...
... , , .
, ...
. , ,
. .
?! ?! !
, . . ,
; - , , , , ...


1.
2. , ,
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.
8.

9. ,
10. ,
11.
( )
12.
, 13.

14.

15. ,

16.
17. ,
18.
,
19.

20. ,

sazogadoebrivi normebis damrRvevs samagaliTod da sajarod

sjidnen. xSirad pativsacem adamianTa jgufi winaswar sasamarTlos
awyobda Sekrebili xalxis winaSe, imsjelebdnen, Seafasebdnen
Cadenil danaSauls da, Tu kacs damnaSaved miiCnevdnen, sasjels
aRasrulebdnen, rac sajaro SercxvenaSi gamoixateboda. Tu
damnaSave kaci iyo, quds moxdidnen, Tu qali _ mandils (es,
TavisTavad, ukve didi sasjeli iyo. ix. qvemoT). mere ki
damnaSavisTvis Tavze yvelas lafi unda daesxa. Tu mSrali amindis
gamo lafi ar iSoveboda, miwas wyalSi azeldnen da talaxs
asxamdnen. zogjer damnaSaves virze ukuRma Sesvamdnen, xelSi
kuds
daakavebinebdnen da sofelSi kardakar atarebdnen. mas qali da kaci
Tavze lafs asxamda, pirSi, TvalebSi afurTxebda. zogjer
damnaSave TviTon isjida Tavs da nacars waiyrida xolme (Tumca
nacris Tavze wayra glovis niSnadac xdeboda). aqedan gvaqvs
sajarod Sercxvenis mniSvnelobis mqone idiomebi:

Tavze (Tavs) lafis (Tavlafis, Tavslafis) dasxma

lafSi amosvra (amovleba)
talaxSi amosvra
Tavze miwis dasxma
Tavze nacris dayra
Tavze mwures (mwvires) dasxma
Tavze bris dayra
(eSmakis) virze Sesma (jdoma)
virze ukuRma Sejdoma
viris bagaze dabma
TvalSi CafurTxeba
pirSi CafurTxeba
leCaqze lafdasxmulia
kefaze wveni ar damasxa

damnaSave mamakacebs quds xdidnen. qudi

patiosnebisa da vaJkacobis simbolo iyo iseve, rogorc ulvaSi.
mamakacebi quds Tavidan ar iSorebdnen, eklesiaSiac ki exuraT.
qudi ar exura mxolod imas, visac uRirsi saqcieliT Tavi hqonda
Sercxvenili. xevsureTSi, sadac sisxlis aRebis wesi moqmedebda,
mamakaci qudiT maSin ivlida, roca axloblis sisxls aiRebda.
saerTod, xevsurebi did pativs scemdnen quds. Tu mtrebi
erTmaneTTan Sesarigebeli iyvnen, Semrigebeli meore kacs quds
gauwvdida. wveulebaSi mopatiJeba qudis gagzavniT xdeboda.
T.saxokia aRniSnavs, rom samegreloSi mamakaci qalis dasaniSnad
quds xmarobda. svanebi pativsacem adamianze amboben: TeTri qudi
hxuravso, xolo sazogadoebis uRirs wevrze ki: Savi qudi hxuravso.
amitom saqarTveloSi mamakacisTvis qudis moxda, misi uqudod
datoveba SercxveniT dasjis erTerTi saxe iyo. xandaxan quds
gadmoabrunebdnen da ukuRma axuravdnen kacs. esec Sercxvenis
mizniT xdeboda.
qalis SemTxvevaSi patiosnebnis, ojaxisa da qmris erTgulebis
simbolo mandili (leCaqi) iyo. meuRlis Semarcxvenelze ityodnen:
qmars qudi moxadao, xolo namusian qalze ambobdnen: qmars qudi
daxurao

am CveulebasTan dakavSirebuli sxva gamoTqmebic gvaqvs:

mogvexada qudi
(Tavze) mandilis (leCaqis) moxda (axda)
uqudod siaruli
qudi ara gvxuria Tu
Tavslafis qudi hxuravs
qudi hxuravs
qudis gadmobruneba
qudsa hxdis
rogorc vTqviT, qudTan erTad, vaJkacobis da patiosnebis
simbolo ulvaSic iyo. vinmes Sesaqebad ambobdnen kidec: ulvaSic
imas esxas da qudic mas exuroso. Tu kaci Tavs Seircxvenda, mas
naxevar ulvaSs moparsavdnen, qals daamsgavsebdnen. qalisTvis
damsgavseba mandilis daxurviTac xdeboda. aseTi mamakacisgan ki
vaJkacur saqciels aRaravin moeloda. amis gamo gvaqvs frazeologizmebi:
ulvaSis moparsva
es ulvaSi momparseT
ulvaSi nu msxmia
ulvaSi ara mqondes zed
ulvaSis Segineba
ulvaSis Sercxvena
ulvaSSi CafurTxeba
qalis mandilis daxurva
Tavze leCaqis daxurva
leCaqis yurSi gaxveva
leCaqqveS gatareba
Ciqila damxure qalisa

xevsureTSi, roca kacs uzneo saqcieli dabraldeboda, mas

saxalxod imiT sjidnen, rom Coxis cal kalTas moaWridnen.
saxokias azriT, am sasjelis safuZveli uZveles droSia saZiebeli,
roca Coxa pirdapir SiSvel sxeulze ecvaT da kalTis moWra
sasircxo organoebs gamoaCenda. kalTa moeWreba niSnavs
Sercxveba.
aseve xevsuruli Cveuleba yofila damxrCvali katis dakideba
erTi konkretuli uzneobis dasasjelad. vaJa werda, rom es qalis
zneobriv dasjas gulisxmobda ojaxis siwmindis SebRalvisTvis..
aqedan: katis dakideba _ wyevla, SeCveneba, Sercxvena.
saqarTveloSi Zvelad sajarod dasjis, Sercxvenis erTerTi saxe
pirze muris wasma da piris gaSaveba iyo. amitomac gvaqvs:
pirSavad aris piris gaSaveba piris Semurva pirze muri Camoisva
fizikuri sasjelis garda, zneobrivi sasjelic arsebobda.
soflis adaT-wesebis damrRvevze, sajarod gakicxvis mizniT,
leqsebs gamoTqvamdnen. amis gamo Sercxvenil adamianze ityvian:
saqme saleqsod gaixadao, xolo axloblebs urCevdnen: saleqsod nu
gaixdi saqmes, anu nu Seircxven Tavso.

xevsureTSi karga xans iyo SemorCenili sawyevris ageba, sajarod

Sercxvenis mizniT. amis Sesaxeb T.razikaSvili aRniSnavs. sawyevari
qvis patara koSkia da misi ageba vinmes saxelze Zlier zneobriv
dakninebas niSnavs
saxokias cnobiT, evropaSi 1789 wlamde sikvdiliT dasjis erTi
saxeoba iyo boZze dakideba yvelas dasanaxad. aqedan unda gvqondes
qarTuli gamoTqma samarcxvino boZze gakvra.
istoriul realiebTan dakavSirebuli sxva frazeologizmebic
gvaqvs.
alaiaSi gaatarebs _ am frazeologizmTan qegli aRniSnavs, rom es
igivea, rac beraSi gaatarebs. TviT sityvas bera ki ori mniSvneloba
hqonia. erTerTi ganmartebiT, es moZvelebuli sityvaa da niSnavs ze
amarTul da gadajvaredinebul xmlebs, Subebs da misT. romelTa
qveSac gaatarebdnen xolme damarcxebul mters. amas SevudaroT
alaias a. TayaiSviliseuli ganmarteba, romlis mixedviTac es
guruli sityvaa da or mwkrivad pirispir mdgar adamianebs
aRniSnavs, alaiaSi gatareba/gaZvrena ki adamianis sajarod
SercxveniT dasjas niSnavs. orive frazeologizmi moyvanili aqvs
T.saxokias, oRond beraSi gaatares mas ase aqvs ganmartebuli:
gaamasxaraves, berikad gaxades. Semdeg ki aRniSnulia, rom visi
gamasxaravebac an javris amoyrac undaT, aqeTi-iqiT Cumad Cadgebian
beraSi da ise gaatareben, Tan samasxarao sityvas eubnebian xolme.
ix. erT beraSi gamoyvana.

Tavis mxriv, es ukanaskneli asea ganmartebuli: Tavis dauRwevloba,

gaTanasworeba. imaves niSnavs erT beraSi gavla. raRaa bera? bera Cixia,
mwyemsebis mier xelovnurad gakeTebuli. Sig Zalauneburad unda gaiaron
mosawvelma cxvrebma. maTi daWera maSin advilia, mwyemsebs maTi ukan
devna ar sWiriaT. xelSi iolad uvardebaT da swvelian xolme.
aseTi ganmarteba eTanxmeba qegl-Si beras meore ganmartebas. es
mniSvneloba da alaia kuTxuri sityvebia, meore mniSvnelobis bera
ki moZvelebuli sityva yofila. amitomac Zneli gasarkvevia romel
berasTan gvaqvs saqme am sityvis Semcvel frazeologizmebSi,
gansakuTrebiT, roca ganmartebebi erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. SesaZloa,
erT beraSi gamoyvana/gavla mwyemsebis beras Seicavs, beraSi
gatareba ki alaiaSi gatarebis sinonimia. samagierod, yvelaferi
naTelia alaiasTan dakavSirebiT. gurulSi es sityva Turqulidan
Sesula, sadac igi aRniSnavs razms, wyebas; agreTve xumrobas,
gamasxaravebas, Sercxvenas, damorCilebas. am sityvis mniSvnelobis
dasadgenad, saxokia mouxmobs ilia Wyonias sityvis konas (1910) da
eg.ninoSvils (janyi guriaSi). imave informacias imeorebs SoTa
ZiZiguri. irkveva, rom alaiaSi gatareba niSnavs adamianis sajarod
Sercxvenas.

zogjer adamians Cadenilis gamo Tvalis gaxelisac ki rcxvenia da

urCevnia mokvdes:
mzes raRa TvaliT Sexedos
mkvdarTaTvis mibareba
cocxlad damarxva
cocxlad mkvdaria
saflavis gaTxra Tavisive xeliT
amay qarTvels rom sircxvils sikvdili urCevnia, kargad Cans Cvens
enaSi kargad cnobil frazeologizmebSi:
Tavis moWra
yelis gamoWra
kisris gamoWra yelSi danis gayra
roca adamians sindisi qenjnis da samarcxvino saqciels nanobs,
ambobs: netavi prasa meWama da es ar meqnao (prasa usiamovno suns
tovebs pirSi da mis Wamas eridebian).
cudkacoba, saZraxisi saqcieli, avtoritetis dakrgva, Sercxvena
gamoixateba Semdegi frazeologizmebiT:
augad dadeba augobaSi CamorTmeva keris ryeva
saxelis gatexa saxelis gafuWeba saxelis waxdena
Cirqis mocxeba piris wylis gaSroba
saflavSi gadatrialeba (micvalebulisa, ojaxis wevris samarcxvino
saqcielis gamo)
xom saflavSi gadatrialda sircxvilisgan
sircxviladac eyofa

brazi erTerTi yvelaze mkveTri emociaa, romelSic

adamianis energetika vlindeba. Zlieri energiis mqone adamianebi risxdebian, Cqara
mosdiT guli (zogze ityvian: Tofis wamaliviT ifeTqebso, anu ficxia, cxaria, uceb
icis gulis mosvlao, zogze ki amboben: cxenian kacs dabla CamoiRebso, e.i. Zalian avia,
brazianiao), naklebad energiuli adamianebi ki ufro gaRizianebas gamoxataven (zogjer
erTi da igive idiomi aRelvebasac niSnavs da ufro Zlier grZnobasac). amitom amave
velSi Sedis gaRizianebis, Sewuxebis gamomxatveli aseTi frazeologizmebi:
abezars mohyavs _ moTminebas akargvinebs, Tavs abezrebs, awuxebs
gauWirebs saqmes _ Seawuxebs, gaaRizianebs
guls uwvrilebs _ moTminebas akargvinebs, Tavs abezrebs, awuxebs
guls uwyalebs _ igivea
gulSi Caixvevs _ ar SeimCnevs, magram daimaxsovrebs wyenas, sibrazes
Tavs abezrebs _ guls uwvrilebs, guls uwyalebs, awuxebs, moTminebidan gamohyavs
Tav-pirs moaWams _ gauWirebs saqmes, suls Seuwuxebs
ereva suli da guli _ wonasworobas kargavs
kudi ewvis/ daewveba _ eniSneba da gabrazdeba, ewyineba iseTi rame, rac TiTqos mas ar
exeba.
moTmineba gauwydeba _ gaRiziandeba, aReldeba
moTmineba Semoeleva _ igivea
moTminebidan gamova/ gamoiyvans _ aaRelvebs, gaabrazebs moTminebas,
wonasworo

gulze gaskdeba/ gaxeTqavs _ gabrazdeba

gulze daadgeba _ gajavrdeba
gulze cecxli (Se)moekideba _ gabrazdeba, gaanCxldeba
gulze movida _ gabrazda, ganrisxda, gaanCxlda
guli mosdis / mouva _ gaborotdeba, gabrazdeba, gaanCxldeba
guli aenTeba _ brazi moereva, guli mouva, gabrazdeba
guli auRrindeba _ gabrazdeba, aRSfoTdeba
guls moayvaninebs _ gaaborotebs, gaabrazebs
gulis aduReba _ gabrazeba, gaboroteba viszedme, gawyroma, SeSfoTeba, gamZvinvareba,
aRelveba, gajavreba, gancda raime Zlieri grZnobisa
gulis gasiveba _ gabrazeba, dadardianeba, gaboroteba, gaanCxleba
gulis modeba _ gajavreba, ganrisxeba, cecxlSi gatareba
guls (gul-mucels) aumRvrevs _ gaabrazebs
guls ahyolodnen _ brazoba, gaficxeba, TavSeukavebloba, mouTmenloba, daufiqrebloba
guls askdeba (gulze skdeba) _ brazi axrCobs
guls iborotebs _ Zlier dardobs, guls ixeTqs
gulSi brazs Seukidebs _ gaabrazebs
gulSive Cakvla brazisa _ moTmena, brazis ar gamoCena garegnulad, saxeze daumCnevloba

erTi da imave zmnasTan ixmareba sxvadasxva arsebiTi

saxeli an, piriqiT, erTsa da imave saxelTan _ sxvadasxva
zmna:
warbs (warbebs) Seikravs
kopebs Seikravs
koxebs Seikravs
Subls Seikravs
kriWas Seikravs
warbebi Seekvreba
warbebi Seenaskveba
warbebi Seeyreba
warbebs SeiruSxavs
dana pirs ar uxsnis
dana kriWas ar uxsnis

xmas aimaRlebs
xmas auwevs
Tvalebs akvesebs
Tvalebs atrialebs
Tvalebs abrialebs
sisxli yelSi awveba
sisxli yelSi ebjineba
sisxli yelSi mosdis
suli yelSi moebjineba
suli yelSi amoeCreba
sisxli yelSi ebjineba