COMPUTER SCIENCE GROUP

PROJECT
BY:
ANABIA TAHIR
SAFA HAI
RAMISHA YAHYA
NAFEESA NADEEM
CLASS: X G

KEYBOARD
TYPES OF KEYBOARDS:
1. STANDARD AND QWERTY
2. CONCEPT
3. MUSICAL
4. KINESIS
5. MIDI (MUSICAL INSTRUMENT DIGITAL INTERFACE)

THEIR
THEIR
PRINCIPLES
PRINCIPLESOF
OF
WORKING
WORKINGAND
AND
PROS
PROSAND
ANDCONS
CONS
IN
INREAL
REALLIFE
LIFE
SCENARIOS..
SCENARIOS..

WHAT IS A
KEYBOARD:

A keyboard is a typewriter-style
device, which uses an arrangement
of buttons or keys, to act as
mechanical levers or electronic
switches.

QWERTY

STANDARD AND

ITS FUNCTIONING:
QWERTY is the most common modern-day keyboard layout for
Latin script. The name comes from reading the first six keys
appearing on the top left letter row of the keyboard (Q, W, E, R, T,
and Y) from left to right. The QWERTY design is based on a layout
created for the Sholes and Glidden typewriter and sold to
Remington in 1873.
In the QWERTY layout many more words can be spelled using only
the left hand than the right hand. In fact, thousands of English
words can be spelled using only the left hand, while only a couple
of hundred words can be typed using only the right hand. In
addition, most typing strokes are done with the left hand in the
QWERTY layout. This is helpful for left-handed people but to the
disadvantage of right-handed people.

REAL LIFE SCEARIOS

PROS
Fast. This is the usual reason people
choose QWERTY keypad. Once you use it
frequent enough, you will type word much
faster than the alphanumeric one. This is
very useful if you do a lot of texting or
posting.
Less tiring. Since you only need to press
only one key for one character, QWERTY
keypad do not tire you and allow you to
write complete word instead of to use
short version. You will have fewer
problems writing very long reply. Once you
type with QWERTY keypad, you will
develop hate on having to press key more
than one to get certain character.

CONS
Small key. Because the manufacturer has
to cramp so many key into small space,
the size of the key has to make small.
Some manufacturers make the button
easy to press by making them round, but
some actually make it hard to press just
to make the design look good.
More mistyping. If your finger is big, you
have higher chance of wrongly press the
key next to the one you want to press. If
you do this while you type fast, fixing
the error may take some time.

CONCEPT
KEYBOARD:

Aconcept keyboardis a flat board that contains a grid

of buttons. Each button can be programmed to do
whatever you want. An overlay sheet with pictures or
symbols is placed on the grid so that the user can tell
what pressing on different areas will do.

ITS FUNCTIONING:
> Like any keyboard it needs a software driver.
> You plug the Concept Keyboard into your computer and you also run
the driver which is called Concept plus Driver.
> You use Concept plus Driver to tell the computer which overlay you
want. The overlay contains all the information the computer needs.
> When the overlay has been opened you run that program you want
to use the Concept Keyboard with, e.g. Writing with Symbols 2000.
> Then when you press an area on the Concept Keyboard the computer
will do whatever the overlay has been created to tell it to do, e.g.
write the word cat.

REAL LIFE SCENARIOS

PROS

CONS

ENABLES FAST DATA ENTRY

THEY ARE WATERPROOF
ARE TAMPER PROOF PREVENTING
FROM KEYING INFORMATION WHICH
CAN CORRUPT THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
MUCH FASTER FOR MAKING NON TEXT
SELECTIONS SUCH AS MENU CHOICES
ON THE TILL OF A FAST FOOD OUTLET
. Concept keyboards are also good for people
who have difficulty in using a standard
keyboard. For example, older people with
arthritis.

POOR FOR TEXT OR

NUMERIC INPUT
LIMITED TO TE OPTIONS
SHOWN ON THE KEYBOARD

MUSICAL
KEYBOARD(digital)
Amusical keyboardis the set of
adjacent depressible levers or
keys on amusical instrument.

ITS FUNCTIONING:
Contain keys for playing the twelve notes of the
Westernmusical scale, with a combination of
larger, longer keys and smaller, shorter keys that
repeats at the interval of anoctave.
Depressing a key on the keyboard causes the
instrument to produce sounds, either by
mechanically striking a string or tine, plucking a
string; causing air to flow through a pipe.
On electric andelectronic keyboards , depressing
a key connects one or several circuits.

REAL LIFE SCENARIOS

PROS

The capacity to record your performance

They generally include headphone outputs to practice

in private

They are able to record and replay your performance

with deadly accuracy ;

Most models are smaller and considerably lighter, so

much easier portability

CONS

They do not feel as if the real pianos. Touch

Sensitivity and Weighted Action just isnt the same
thing as the advanced inner mechanism, or action, of
the acoustic piano.

KINESIS KEYBOARD
ITS FUNCTIONING:

The Kinesis line of keyboards are marketed to those who type throughout the
work-day, and thus perceive a higher risk for such injuries asRSI. The Kinesis
was first used among computer programmers, who continue to be the primary
market for the devices.
Vertical key layout: Keys are arranged in vertical columns to reflect natural
motions of your fingers, and the keypads are sculpted and concave to fit the
varying lengths of your fingers.
Separate thumb keypads: The thumb keypad includes often used keys such as
Enter, Space, Backspace, Delete and the combination keys, Control and Alt on
the PC (Command and Option on the Macintosh). This redistributes the
workload from your relatively weaker and overused little fingers to stronger
thumbs.
Key remapping: Individual keys can be re-mapped or copied to other key
locations. As a result, you can customize the keyboards operation for your
personal use to reduce stressful reaches and establish an optimal hand
workload.

REAL LIFE SCENARIOS

PROS

Keyboards have special key that preform specific

functions.
Instead of using the mouse to move the cursor you
can use the arrow key situated on the keyboard to
move the cursor on the monitor.
Keyboards are less expensive because it comes with
every computer.

CONS

The people using the keyboard have to learn how to

type.

The frequent movement from keyboard to move and

back could cause carpal tunnel syndrome.

MIDI KEYBOARD:
MUSICAL INSTRUMENT OF DIGITAL INTERFACE
AMIDI keyboardis typically a piano-style user
interfacekeyboarddevice used for sendingMIDIsignals or
commands over a USB orMIDIcable to other devices
connected and operating on the sameMIDIprotocol
interface.
MIDI data can be transmitted electronically between MIDIcompatible musical instruments, or stored in a Standard
MIDI File for later playback.

ITS ADVANTAGES:
> VERSATILITY
> A small amount of time investment and minimal
knowledge of musical theory can produce stunning
results that would ordinarily be the result of
painstaking effort.
> MIDI keyboard sound quality is often
proportional to the quality of the MIDI keyboard
itself and the software that is translating the .MIDI
file.
> It allows you to have complete control to the

DISADVANTAGES:
MIDI keyboards at median prices do not have
weighable keys and cannot reproduce the tactile
experience of a traditional piano, or for that
matter, an electronic keyboard. This might offer
difficulties to a traditionally trained musician.
Unfortunately, software that has poor instrument
samples or distortion ability can limit the special
effects you can use to try to make the sound
more authentic.
However, many traditional musicians and
listeners consider it to be an inferior form of