In-Text Citations

Citation Locations
Sources are acknowledged in two
different places:
As an in-text citation
(parenthetical citation)
In the Works Cited page at the
end of the paper

Why do we have in-text citations?

No Plagiarism!
To match specific information
within your paper to your work
cited page
This is so people can look into
your information further
What does an in-text citation include?

1. Introduction of Cited
Information
You cannot just throw a random quote
or paraphrase in your paper.
According to (Author/organization), Full
sentence direct quote (Citation).
(Author/Organization) explains insert
paraphrase (Citation).

2. Full Direct Quote

If you are taking information word for word from
a source, use quotations to set off the information.
Full Quote (complete sentence):
According to John Smith, a direct quote will include the
complete sentence set off by a comma (CITATION).

Partial Quote (not complete sentence within

quote):
John Smith talks about direct quotes and explains that a
partial quote only includes part of the idea without a
comma and is embedded into the sentence (CITATION).

3. Paraphrase
If the information you are taking from your
research is not word for word, it cannot be a
direct quote.
In order for the information to be considered a
paraphrase, it needs to be put in your own words.
(Dont forget, you still need to introduce the
information)
As explained by John Smith, paraphrases are
when you take what the author said and put it
into your own words (CITATION).

In-Text Citations
What goes in them?

In-Text Citation MATCHES

Full Citation in Bibliography
When your full citation has an author:
Richtel, Matt. "Technology Changing How Students Learn, Teachers
Say." The New York Times 1 Nov. 2012: 1-3. The New York Times.
Web. 9 July 2015.

Your in-text citation will include authors

last name:
...direct quote used (Richtel 2).
If there is no page number given, just use the last name of the
author (Richtel).

In-Text Citation MATCHES

Full Citation in Bibliography
If no author is known:
"The Dangers of Texting While Driving." Federal Communication
Commission Guides. FCC, n.d. Web. 17 July 2014. <http://www.
fcc.gov/guides/texting-while-driving>.

Your in-text citation will include the title of

the article:
...direct quote used (The Dangers of
Texting While Driving).
Be sure to use quotation marks around the title so it matches the
full citation.

In-Text Citation MATCHES

Full Citation in Bibliography
Other Examples:
The writer should place the source information directly
after the end of the paraphrase or quote by the source
(Ratcliff 25).
If there are two-to-three authors, list all their last names
and the page number (Jones, Moore, Smith 22).
If there are more than three authors, use the work's
bibliographic information as a guide for your citation.
Provide the first author's last name followed by et al. and
the page number (Jones et al. 22).

Now you practice...

Number 1-6 on a piece of paper.

What would the in-text citation look like for the following
full citations?

1. Lewis, Tamar. If Your Kids Are Awake, Theyre Probably Online.

The New York Times. N.p., 20 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/education/20wired.
html?_r=0>.
2. New Ideas to Raise School Spirit. Varsity: 1-3. Varsity.com.
Web. 4 Dec. 2014. <https://www.varsity.com/images/...
/pdf_spirit/new_ideas.pdf>.
3. Doe, Jane. School Lunches Survey. Survey. 13 Nov. 2014.

What would the in-text citation look like for the following
full citations?

4. Smith, John. Interview by Jamie Procopio. 11 Oct. 2014.

5. Nauert, Rick. "Long-Term Effects of Stereotyping." PsychCentral.
N.p., 11 Aug. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. <http://psychcentral.
com/news/2010/08/11/long-term-effects-ofstereotyping/16675.html>.
6. Crandall, Christian S., Amy Eshleman, and Laurie O'Brien. "Social
Norms and the Expression and Suppression of Prejudice: The
Struggle for Internalization." Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 82.3 (2002): 359-78. Web.

What would the in-text citation look like for the following
full citations? (ANSWERS)

1. Lewis, Tamar. If Your Kids Are Awake, Theyre Probably Online.

The New York Times. N.p., 20 Jan. 2010. Web. 26 Sept. 2014.
<http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/education/20wired.
html?_r=0>.
(Lewis).
2. New Ideas to Raise School Spirit. Varsity: 1-3. Varsity.com.
Web. 4 Dec. 2014. <https://www.varsity.com/images/...
/pdf_spirit/new_ideas.pdf>.
(New Ideas to Raise School Spirit).
3. Doe, Jane. School Lunches Survey. Survey. 13 Nov. 2014.
(Doe).

What would the in-text citation look like for the following
full citations? (ANSWERS)

4. Smith, John. Interview by Jamie Procopio. 11 Oct. 2014.

(Smith).
5. Nauert, Rick. "Long-Term Effects of Stereotyping." PsychCentral.
N.p., 11 Aug. 2010. Web. 30 Oct. 2014. <http://psychcentral.
com/news/2010/08/11/long-term-effects-ofstereotyping/16675.html>.
(Nauret).
6. Crandall, Christian S., Amy Eshleman, and Laurie O'Brien. "Social
Norms and the Expression and Suppression of Prejudice: The
Struggle for Internalization." Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology 82.3 (2002): 359-78. Web.
(Crandall, Eshleman, OBrien 360).