Horn, Claw, and Hoof

Modifications of skin
Epidermis:
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (germinal layer)
Dermis (corium)
Subcutaneous tissue
Organization of epidermis and dermis
Variable
Smooth
Papillae
Linear (laminae)
Dependant on:
Region of the body
Function
Wear
Horns
Horns
Insensitive part:
Stratum corneum
Tubular keratinized tissue (horn)
Intertubular keratinized tissue (horn)
Sensitive part:
Epidermis/dermis
Bone
Horns
permanent (usually)
seen in both sexes
keratinized structure
internal blood supply
bovidae family (cow)
usually not branched
Antlers

shed yearly
only in males
bone
external blood supply
cervidae family (deer)

branched

Plantigrade posture
Digitigrad posture
Unguligrade posture
Fingernail Claw Hoof
Fingernail (mine)
Claw
Hoof

Video: normal laminae

Video: abnormal laminae

Video: lame horse

Video: abnormal laminae
Video: time lapsed photograph
Video: time lapsed radiography