Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHAPTER 16
HOISTING AND CONVEYING EQUIPMENT
Hoisting Apparatus
Definition: A hoisting apparatus is a device used to raise
Cranes
Definition: A crane is a mechanical device designed to
Cranes (Cont.)
General information:
A competent person must inspect all machinery and equipment
Cranes (Cont.)
Overhead and gantry cranes constructed and installed
Cranes (Cont.)
Design and construction:
Arrange the cab and locate control and protective equipment so
Cranes (Cont.)
Guards and limit devices:
Gears and moving parts should be covered, or out of reach, during
Cranes (Cont.)
General guidelines:
Use hoisting ropes of recommended construction for crane or hoist
service.
Inspection, testing, and maintenance should be performed by a
qualified person only.
Crane movement must be governed by a standard of code signals
between the crane signaler and crane operator.
Only one person should be authorized to signal the operator at any
given point in time.
Hand signals are preferred.
Overhead
Gantry
Crane
Crane
Signals
Crane
Signals
Cranes (Cont.)
Selection and training of operators:
Age: 18+
Language: Understand spoken and written words/instructions.
Physical: Physical fitness, visual acuity, depth perception, manual
dexterity, etc.
Knowledge: Basic knowledge of the equipment, its usage,
inspection, maintenance, etc.
Skills: Demonstrated proficiency in classroom and onsite. Maintain
a file that clearly documents the operators KSA.
Note: Smoothness is a sign of a good crane operator.
Inspection
Overhead and gantry cranes must be inspected according
to ANSI/ASME B30.2.
New laws for operators of cranes are being enacted by
state laws and pending OSHA changes.
Certification of cranes by state laws are required at least
annually by certified crane inspector.
Repairs of cranes should be performed by qualified
individuals.
Do performance testing of hoisting equipment prior to
placing it in service.
Perform regular pre-shift and on-shift inspections to
ensure safe to operate.
Overhead Cranes
An overhead crane may be operated either from a cab or
Gantry crane
Monorail
Definition: A monorail is a system consisting of one or
Monorail (Cont.)
Jib Crane
Definition: A jib crane is capable of lifting, lowering, and
Derricks
Main types of derricks
a-frame derrick
stiff-leg derrick
guy derrick
All derricks must have every part firmly anchored.
Derricks (Cont.)
Tower Cranes
Tower cranes contribute to a large number of incidents.
Common causes of incidents:
Improper erection or dismantling of crane
Exceeding load capacity
Improper bracing
Operator error
Use during high winds
Tampering with safety devices or limit switches
Operators not knowing limitations of cranes or inadequate training
Tower Cranes
(Cont.)
Mobile Cranes
Engineering marvel to accomplish many tasks in
Aerial Baskets
Aerial lift equipment is commonly used for working above
ground.
These boom-mounted buckets, baskets, or platforms are
used in constructing and maintaining electric and
telephone lines.
Increased use in harbor and port work, aircraft industry,
highway work, and maintenance workpainting,
sandblasting, and firefighting.
Aerial Baskets
(Cont.)
What potential hazards
Conveyors
Conveyors (Cont.)
Definition: A horizontal, inclined, or vertical device for
Conveyors (Cont.)
General precautions:
Signed for loading points and safe load limit.
Moving parts must be protected by guards.
Underpasses should have sheetmetal ceilings.
Special fire protection devices must be utilized at any point in
which a conveyor passes through a fire wall.
Guard conveyors for handrails and toeboards.
Protect workers from falling materials.
Provide crossovers or underpasses with proper safeguards for
passage over or under all conveyors.
All conveyors within 6 8 of a walkway that is meant to serve as an
exit route must be in compliance with NFPA 101, Life Safety
Codes.
Conveyors (Cont.)
Operation precautions:
The start button should be located in an area where the operator
has the greatest field of view of the corresponding conveyor.
Start-stop devices must be clearly labeled.
If conveyor passes through a wall or floor, equip each side with
starting and stopping devices.
Emergency stopping devices must not be located more than 75 ft
apart along walkways.
Provide anti-run-away and backstop devices.
Workers must wear properly fitting clothes and PPE.
Control dust levels with exhaust hoods and good ventilation.
Use proper electrical rated fixtures.
Conveyors (Cont.)
Maintenance:
The conveyor must be locked out, prior to any maintenance work
being performed. The worker should carry the only key to the lock.
If two or more gangs will perform the work, they should follow
OSHA standard 1910.147 for lock out/tag out.
Maintenance personnel should have access to change positions of
pulleys, sprockets, or sheaves to compensate for normal working
conditions.
Provide guards for the on-running belt.
Use fixed scrapers and revolving brushes to clean drums or pulleys
instead of workers attempts by hand.
Use guards in front of pinch points.
Guard sides to prevent contact.
Conveyors (Cont.)
Frequent causes of injuries:
attempting repairs on moving conveyors
attempting to cross over moving belts
attempting to ride moving belts
Conveyors (Cont.)
Unique hazards:
Dust explosions are a major concern in conveyor systems used for
transporting grain or similar products. (silo)
Portable conveyors must be equipped with locking devices to keep
the belt and conveyor stable.
Types of Conveyors
Power Elevators
New elevators or alterations or modifications require
2. Hydraulic drive
New Elevators
compliance with code ansi/asme a17.1
safe and convenient access to the machine room and the
pit
adequate lighting in the machine room and overhead
spaces
convenient electric outlets on the crosshead and in the pit
an inspection station with slow-speed up and down
operating buttons and emergency stop switch on the top
of the car for maintenance personnel and inspectors to
use
normal- and final-limit stops, interlocks on all hoistway
doors, contact on car door and emergency exits for the
car
Power Elevators
Maintenance and hazard prevention:
Winding drive
Check stop functionality. (Motor does not stop and cable is wound beyond stop,
hazards.
Pits must have a minimum 2-ft clearance between the bottom of
the car and the pit.
ElevatorsEmergency and
Disabled
Sidewalk Elevator
Definition: a freight elevator for carrying material,
public.
Dumbwaiters
Definition: a hoisting and lowering mechanism equipped
Escalators
Definition: a power-driven, inclined, continuous stairway
Man-Lifts
Principal hazards:
Rider may be carried over the top.
Rider unable to make emergency stop.
Rider jumps off early/late.
Rider strikes head on surface if not conical hood.
Rider unable to reach destination due to power failure or belt
stoppage.
Parts of man-lift fail or operate unsafely.
Man-Lifts (Cont.)
Incident prevention:
Construct, maintain and operate man-lift in accordance with
ANSI/ASME A90.1 Belt man-lifts.
Use a safety factor of 6 on each step.
Emergency landings should be provided every 25 ft or less.
Guardrails should be used at floor openings.
Maximum speed should not exceed 80 fpm.
Conduct inspections by competent person every 30 days.