1

Computer Fundamental
Introduction to Computer (Computer Gi f~wgKv):
ay KwDUvi bq h Kvb welq wkv MnY Kivi AvM welqwU mK fvjfve Rvbv DwPZ, wekl
Ki welqwU wK, Kb, Kv_vq _K Drcw mn wewfb welq Rvbv cqvRb| Zgwb fve Computer mK
vb ARb Kivi iZB GB welqi Avw` BwZnvm mK fvjvfve Rvbv cqvRb|
What is Computer?
Ans: A Computer is an Electronic device that has ability to accept data internally store
and automatically execute a program of instruction performs mathematical, logical and
manipulative operation on data and report the result.
What is Computer (KwDUvi wK?)
Ans: Computer GKwU AZvaywbK BjKUwb ev e`ywZK h| hv Avfixb fve Data ev Z_ gRy`
ivLZ cvi Ges eenviKvixi wb`kgvjv Abymvi ^qswqfve Kvb MvwbwZK I hwK fve weklY Ki
GKwU mwVK djvdj cKvk KiZ cvi|
Or: A Computer is a set of electro-mechanical device, which can sense electrical
signal and logic. It can process this electrical signal according to the logic.
Ans: Computer GKwU e`ywZK hi mgvnvi| hv e`ywZK cevni gvag hwK Kvhvejx mv`b Ki
_vK| GwU e`ywZK ZiK wbR^ msKZ icvi Ki eenviKvix KZK cqvMKZ wb`ki mvnvh Kvb
mgmvi mgvavb Ki _vK|
What do you mean by? Computer ki Drcw:
Ans: Computer GKwU BsiRx k| Gi A_ Z_ cwqv I MYK h| jvwUb k KwDUqvi
(Computare) _K BsiRx KwDUvi ki Drcw| Compute ki A_ MYbv ev wnmve wbKvk Kiv|
m wnme KwDUvi A_ MYbvKvix h| ZvB BsiRx Compute k _K KwDUvi ki Drcw|
Characteristics of Computer (Computer ewk mg~n)
Ans: Computer GKwU e ewk mb BjKUwb h| KwDUvi eenviKvixi wb`kbv Abyhvqx 100%
KvR wbf~j Z_ c`vb Ki Ges `ZMwZ, KvwnxbZv, myZv,wZkw,^qswZv,hywMZ mwVK wmv `Z
w`Z cvi GQvov AbK Z_ gRy` ivLZ cvi, KwDUvi wek fve KvR Ki Ges Z_ Mvcb ivL|
Importance use of Computer (Kvh KwDUvii iZ) t
Ans: eZgvb wek ivxq, mvgvwRK, A_bwZK h Kvb KvR KwDUvii iZ Acwimxg| KwDUvi KvR
Kivi `ZZv, wbf~jZv, Z_ msiY gZv ev Mvcb ivLv BZvw` cavb ewki Kvib KwDUvii eenvi
w`b w`b ew cvQ| wbg KwDUvii egyLx eenvi wbq AvjvPbv Kiv njvt
K) `bw`b Rxeb KwDUvi|
L) KjKviLvbv, cKvkbv I wk KviLvbvi KwDUvi|
M) hvMvhvM (UvwdK, wUKwUs, B-gBj, wegvb, bfvhvb, w`K wb`kbv) KwDUvi|
N) eemv evwbRi (`vKvb, evswKs wmg, Byi) KwDUvi|
O) wkv (wkv DcKib, Dic evQvB, BUvibU wfwK wekwe`vjq covbv) KwDUvi|
P) evwbK MelYvi (c`v_, imvqb, Bwwbqvwis, cwiKbv evevqb) KwDUvi|
Q) wPwKrmv (ivM wbYq, ivMxi Jla wbYq, ivMi ev msiY) KwDUvi|

2
R) Z_ Av`vb c`vbi (BUvibU I bUIqvwKs,mvgvwRK hvMvhvM) KwDUvi|
S) mvgwiK (mgiv wbqY, ivWvi cwiPvjbv, mb`i cwkY) KwDUvi|
T) wP-webv`bi (Mvbbv, Qwe `Lv, wk Mgm, gvwwgwWqv) KwDUvi|
P) AvBb ksLjvi mvmx`i Qwemn WvUveR Zix Ki mvm `gb f~wgKv ivLQ KwDUvi|
How to work Computer & Organization of Computer.
(KwDUvi wK fve KvR Ki? Ges Gi mvsMVwbK Askjv wK wK ?)
Ans: Computer njv h mvgMx I cvMvg mvgMxi mg^q MwVZ| KwDUvii msMVb ejZ Kej
hmvgMx ev Hardware (nvWIqvii) msMVbK eySvq| AvaywbK KwDUvi cvuPwU Ask iqQ| hgb:
1. Input Device ev MnY gyL Ask
2. Processing Unit/CPU ev wbqb Ask
3. Mathmatical & logical Unit ev MvwbwZK ev hyw Ask
4. Memory Unit ev wZ fvvi
5. Output Device ev wbMgb gyL Ask|

wPt KwDUvi msMVb|

1. Input Device - MnY gyL Ask

t Input Device Gi mvnvh KwDUviK WvUv wb`k `qv nq|

2. Processing Unit - wbqb Ask

t CPU GB Ask KwDUvii KvR wbqb Ki|

3. Mathmatical & logical Unit (MvwbwZK ev hyw Ask) t GB Ask KwDUvii MvwbwZK I hwK
cwqv mb Ki|
4. Memory Unit ev wZ fvvi
t KwDUvii `yB aibi (Memory)wZ wbq GB Ask MwVZ|
5. Output Unit ev wbMgb gyL Ask

t Output Unit Gi gvag KwDUvii mg djvdj Rvbvbvi

eev Ki `q|

3
History of Computer (Computer Gi BwZnvm)t
Ans: Computer hwU GK w`b Avwevi nqwb| bvbv weeZb I cwiewZZ nq AvRKi AvaywbK KwDUvi
eveic jvf KiQ| cvPxb hyM gvbyl bywocv_i, wSbyK, Avyj viv ev cvq `vM KU Mbbv Kiv nZv|
eZgvb MYbvi cwieZ AvaywbK Digital ev msLv wfwK MYbv i nqQ| cvPxb Kvj AvevKvm
(Abacus) hwU cPzi eeZ njI gvbyl GZ mv nqwb| Ujvi MwbZwe` Rb bwcqvi (1550-1617)
Lt wnmve-wbKvki Rb nvZxi `vuZi QvU QvU Ask w`h GKwU h Zix Kib, hvK bwcqvii Aw
(Bone) ejv nq|

wP: Abacus

1786 mvj me c_g KwDUvii GKwU cyYv cwiKbv Kib ewUk bvMwiK Pvjm eeR| wZwb
(1792-1871) mvj KwDUvi hwU Avwevi Kib| 1822 mvj ewUk miKvii Aby`vb "Difference
Engine" ev weqvM wfwK MYbv h Zix Kib Cambridge University Gi MwYZi AavcK ewUk
bvMwiK Charles Babbage. wZwb c_g h Computer Gi eenvii KvR i Kib ZvZ eZgvb AvaywbK
KwDUvii AbK bB DcwZ wQj| wK ZrKvjxb Technical Forwarding Gi Afve wZwb eve ic
w`Z cvib bvB| ZeyI Zvi wPvfvebv cieZxZ mvnvh KiQ weavq Pvjm eeR-K KwDUvii RbK
ejv nq|

wP: Charles Babbage

1833 mvj Charles Babbage "Analytical Engine" bvg GKwU hvwK KwDUvi Zixi
cwiKbv Kib| wK mdjZvi mv_ Zix KiZ wej^ nIqvq ewUk miKvi Aby`vb e Kivi KviY mwU Pzov
Kiv me nqwb| 1954 mvj hyivi AvBweGg-701 Dvebi ga w`q cvwZvwbK fve KwDUvii eemv
i Ki| cieZxZ 1971 mvj hyivi BUj Kvvbx GgGmwm-4 gvBvcmmi Zixi ga w`q gvBv
KwDUvii cPjb i nq|

4
AvaywbK KwDUvii RbK:
Charles Babbage K AvaywbK KwDUvii RbK ejv nq| Pvjm eveR 1822 mvj
"Difference Engine" Zixi cwiKbv Kib I cieZxZ 1830-1834 mvj evxq kw eenvi Ki
Analytical Engine Zixi cwiKbv Kib| Zvi cwiKbv _K mec_g Input Device, CPU,
Output Device mK avibv jvf Ki| ZrKvjxb Technical Forwarding Gi Afve wZwb eve ic
w`Z cvib bvB| Charles Babbage Gi mvsMVwbK KvVvgvi mv_ AvaywbK KwDUvii AbKUv wgj
iqQ| G Kvib Pvjm eeR-K KwDUvii RbK ejv nq|
c_g KwDUvi cvMvgvi (First Computer Programmer):
jwW AvWv AMvv jvfjvm (Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace) wQjb wewUk Kwe jW evBivbi
Kbv Ges Pvjm eveRi ez| WwW AvWv AMvv I Pvjm eveRi Analytical Engine Zixi bKkv
cbqb Pvjm eveRK mnvqZv Kib Ges GB gwkbi Rb cvMvg Zixi avibv `b| ZvB ZvK KwDUvi
RMZi c_g KwDUvi cvMvgvi ejv nq| jwW AvWv AMvv Gi bvg Abymvi Zvi Zix cvMvwgs fvlvi bvg
ivLv nq Ada.
Z_ chyw (Information Technology):
Z_ Rvbv gvbyli AwaKvi| Z_msMn, Gi mZZv I eaZv hvPvB, msiY, cwqvKiY,
AvaywbKiY,cwienb, weZiY I eevcbvi mv_ mswk chywK ejv nq Z_chwy ev Information
Technology. msc GB chywK ejv nq AvBwU(IT)|
Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw (Information & Communication Technology):
KwDUvi wKsev Kvb hi gvag WUvK GK vb nZ Ab vb ev GK wWfvBm nZ Ab wWfvBm
vbvii cwqv nQ WUv KwgDwbKkb| KvRB KwgDwbKkb Ggb GKwU cwqv hv gvbyli Rxeb mKj
j Kiv hvq| eZgvb Ggb Kvb cvIqv hve bv hLvb Z_chywi eenvi bvB|
eZgvb Z_chywK Z_ I hvMvhvM chyw Information & Communication Technology
ev ICT ejv nq| Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi AbK eo| Z_msMn, cwqvKiY, msiY I weZiY
eevi mv_ mswk mvaviY Uwjdvb nZ i Ki AvaywbK vU dvb, AvaywbK KwDUvi, iwWI
Uwjwfkbmn mKj aibi hvMvhvM eev, BUvibU I bUIqvK Z_ I hvMvhvM chywi AvIZvf~|
ICT consists of Hardware, Software, Networks and media of collection, storage,
Processing, transmission, and presentation of Information.

Generation of Computer(KwDUvi cRb):

Generation of Computer (KwDUvi cRb)
Ans: Computer hwUi gt weeZb I weKvk jvfi wewfb chvqi GK GKwU avcK KwDUvii cRb
ev Computer Generation ej| KwDUvi cRbK cvuPwU fvM fvM Kiv hvq|
1) c_g cRb (First Generation)
2) wZxq cRb (Second Generation)
3) ZZxq cRb (Third Generation)
4) PZz_ cRb (Fourth Generation)
5) cg cRb (Fifth Generation)

5
1) c_g cRb (First Generation) : 1951-1958 GB mgqK aiv nq c_g cRb| GB mgq KwDUvi
wUDe wewk e`ywZK eZbxi eenvi, Pz^Kxq Wvg, cv KvWI DchvMx input,output device signal
Code eenvi nZ| Vacuum Tubes to store information Memory devices is the Magnetic
Drum. Input Divce Card Reader, Output Divice, Line printer or punched card, ENIAC,
UNIVAC, IBM 704.Mark-1,2,3 BZvw` c_g cRbi KwDUvi|

wP: Mark-1 Computer

2) wZxq cRb (Second Generation) : 1958-1965 mvj ch GB mgqK aiv nq wZxq cRb|
1965 mvj Jack Cent Clear bvgK GKRb KwDUvi wevbx Transistor, Register and Capacitor
wbq GKwU mvwKU Zix Kib, IC hvK bvg cwiwPZ| Transistors replaced Vacuum Tubes.
Core Memory was developed, faster than First Generation computers Store one bit
(on/off) of information, IBM 1400, IBM 1620 BZvw`|

wP: IC (Integrated Circuit

3) ZZxq cRb (Third Generation) : 1965-1970 mvj ch GB mgqK aiv nq ZZxq cRb| GB
cRb WMjvm GRj evU 1968 mvj Keyboard Gi cvkvcvwk Mouse Gi eenvi i Kib| Circuits
Boards replaced Transistors, Transistors used in memory constructions Terminal were
introduced, IBM 360,370,PDP8, Honeywell 200 BZvw`|

wP: Keyboard , Mouse

6
4) PZz_ cRb (Fourth Generation): 1971 _K eZgvb mvj ch GB mgqK aiv nq PZz_ cRb|
G cRbi ej jveiUixi `yRb KwDUvi wevbx KZK UNIX Operating System, ROM,
PROM,EPROM BZvw` Avwevi Kib| American Intel Company 1971 mvj Microprocessor
Zix Kib| dj KwDUvii AvKwZ AbKUv QvU AvKvi avib KiQ| 1972 mvj CRAY- 1 Super
Computer Ges 1975 mvj MS-DOS Ges cieZxZ Windows Gi eenvi i Kib|
LSI & VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)Technology used Development of Portable
Computers RAID Technology of data storage.Used in virtual reality, multimedia,
simulation Computers started in use for Data Communication Different types of
memories with very high accessing speed & storage capacity. BZvw`|

wP: RAM,ROM ,Microprocessor

5) cg cRb I fwelr cRbi KwDUv (Fifth Generation):

1981 mvj Rvcvb AbywZ PwU `ki KwDUvi wevbx`i Nvlbvq 1995 mvj ci _K
AvweKZ KwDUvi mg~nK cg cRbi KwDUvi wnmve AvLvwqZ Kiv nq| wevbx`i aviYv G cRbi
KwDUvi mg~n gvbyli fvlvK wbRi fvlvq icvi KiZ cvie Ges fwelr cRbi KwDUvi mg~n
gvbyli bvq wePvi eyw weklb KiZ cvie ej Avkv Kiv hvQ| GB cRb VLSI, SLSI and
Artificial Intelligence, Improve Storage Device (Video Disk) Modern computers
,APPLE, IBM PC Machintosh BZvw`|

Types of Computers(KwDUvii kwY wefvM:

Classification of Computer with Characters: (KwDUvii ewk mn kYx webvm):
AvKwZ Z_v wZ cwiwa, chywMZ w`K, KvRi gZv, aib Ges KvRi myweavi cwZ AvaywbK
KwDUviK cavbZ `y'kYxZ fvM Kiv nq _vK| hgb1) chywMZ w`K _K (According to Technology)
2) wZi cwiwa Abymvi (According to Memory)
* According to Technology (chywMZ w`K _K) KwDUvi wZb cKvit
1. Digital Computer
2. Analog Computer
3. Hybrid Computer

7
* According to Technology: Abymvi KwDUvii kYx wefvMi eYbv wbgict
1.Digital Computer:
h KwDUvii mvnvh MvwYwZK I hywMZ KvR Kiv hvq Kejgv evBbvix cwZZ A_vr 0 (off)
Ges 1(On) Gi DcwwZi Dci wbfi Ki WvUv wbq _vK| Digit k _K Digital ki Drcw|
Digit nQ msLvevPK msLv| msLvevPK k viv mvw`Z KvRK Digital IqvK ej| hgbt eY,
msLv, cZxK BZvw` BbcyU wnmve eeZ nq|

wP: Digital Computer

2. Analog Computer:
h KwDUvii mvnvh `~iZ, msKZ, iva, Pvc,Zvc, we`yr fvR cwigvc BZvw` MYbv Kiv nq
ZvK Analog Computer ej| Analog Computer BbcyU Dcvi cwZwbwa wnme KvR Ki _vK|
GwU mvavibZt c`v_ wevbi bxwZi wfwZ Zix GKwU cwigvcK h| gvUiMvoxi eM wbYqK h wnmve
Analog Computer eenvi Kiv nq|

wP: Analog Computer

3. Hybrid Computer:
Analog Ges Digital Computer D `yB kYxi KwDUvi wgj h KwDUvi Zix Kiv nq ZvK
Hybrid ev wgk cwZi Computer ej| wekl aibi evwbK MelYv Kvhgi Analog Ges
Digital Computer msKZ cwZi wgk DcwwZ we`gvb, m Hybrid aibi KwDUvi eeZ
nq| hgbt nvmcvZvji BbUbwmf Kqvi G aibi KwDUvi eeZ nq|

wP: Hybrid Computer

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According to Memory Abymvi KwDUvi kwY wefvMi eYbv wbgict
Micro Computer ev Personal Computer mvaviZt Avgiv `bw`b KvR h mKj Computer
eenvi Kwi Zv`iK Micro Computer ev Personal Computer ev PC ejv nq| Microprocessor
w`q ZixKZ KwDUviK Micro Computer ejv nq|
Micro ki A_ z`| ZvB Microprocessor w`q Zix KwDUvi AvKvi QvU Ges `vg I LiP
Kg co| KwDUvii Kvhg cwiPvbvi Rb h AskwU mevwaK f~wgKv cvjb Ki ZvK Microprocessor
ej| 1971 mvj Intel bvgK GKwU cwZvb Microprocessor Zix Ki| GKRb eenviKvix GKvB GKwU
gv KwDUvi eenvi KiZ cvi|

wP: First Micro Computer 1971

Micro Computer K Avevi wZbfvM fvM Kiv nqQ| h_vt

1. Super Micro Computer
2. Desktop Computer
3. Laptop Computer.
Laptop Computer K Avevi wZbfvM fvM Kiv nqQ| hgbt
1. Pum Top
2. Note Book
3. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).
Mini Computer: gvBv KwDUvii Pq eo AvKwZi KwDUviK wgwb KwDUvi ejv nq| GB
KwDUvii mv_ 14wUi gZ Uvwgbvj jvMvbv hZ cvi Ges 14 Rb jvK GKB mv_ KvR KiZ cvi|
evsK A_jMxKvix cwZvb I eo aibi evwYwRK cwZvb G aibi KwDUvi eenvi nq _vK|
Main Frame Computer: Micro Computer I Mini Computer Gi _K eo AvKwZi
KwDUviK Main Frame Computer ej| GB KwDUvi cvq 80wUi gZ Uvwgbvj jvMvbv hZ cvi|
evsjv`k Avwki `kKi w`K cigvby kw Kwgkb GB KwDUvi vcb Kiv nq| hgb: evsK, exgv,
nvmcvZvj BZvw` cwZvb hLvb KvRi cwiwa LyeB ewk mLvb Gi iKg cwZvb G KwDUvi eenvi
Kiv nq| hgb: Univac 110/01, IBM 370/167, IBM 4341 BZvw`|
Super Computer: Super Computer nQ cw_exi mePq kwkvjx I `ZMwZ mb| mycvi
KwDUvi Dveb Kiv nqQ hv w`q m~ evwbK MelYv, wecyj cwigvb Z_ weklY, bfvhvb, Rx wegvb
Ges cbv wbqb, gnvKvk MelYv BZvw` KvR Kiv nq, Zv`iK ejv nq mycvi KwDUvi| Super
Computer Gi ga 200 Uvwgbvj jvMvbv hvq|

wP: Super Computer

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Desktop Computer: Desktop Computer mnR Desk ev Table Gi Dci iL KvR Kiv hvq
ej Desktop Computer GK ej| hgbt IBM, PC, APPLE, Macintosh etc.

wP: Desktop Computer

Laptop Computer: Laptop Computer nQ mnR enb hvM G aibi KwDUvi jvi
evwnK MVb AbKUv wedKmi bvq| jvc A_vr Kvj iL h KwDUvi eenvi Kiv hvq ZvK Laptop
Computer ej|

wP: Laptop Computer

Note Book Computer: QvU Wvqix ev Note Book AvKwZi Laptop Computer jvK
Note Book Computer ej| Ze Bnvi eenvi Lye Kg|

wP: Notebook Computer

Micro Computer K Avevi wZbfvM fvM Kiv nqQ| h_vt

1. Super Micro Computer
2. Desk Top Computer
3. Laptop Computer.
Laptop Computer K Avevi wZbfvM fvM Kiv nqQ| hgbt
1. Pulm Top
2. Note Book
3. PDA (Personal Digital Assistant).

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Diagram of Micro Computer (WvqvMvg Abyhvqx gvBv KwDUvii kYx wefvM):
Micro Computer

Apple Computer

IBM Computer

Brand Computer

Clone Computer

Copmuter Hardware :
What do you understand by Hardware (nvWIqvi ejZ wK eySvq)?
Hard ki A_ k Ges Ware ki A_ m~ KvwiMix hvsk| A_vr KwDUvii h mKj hvsk
aiv hvq ev Qvuqv hvq m jvK Hardware ej| GK K_vq KwDUvii mKj hvskK nvWIqvi ej|
hgbt Computer CPU, Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Hard Disk, Motherboard, RAM,
Printer, Scanner etc.
Classification of Hardware with Diagram (WvqvMvg Abyhvqx KwDUvii kYx wefvM):
Hardware

1. Input Device

2. System Unit CPU

3. Output Device

a. Keyboard
b. Mouse,
c. Scanner,
d. CD/DVD,
e. Pen Drive,
f. Joystick etc.
g. Modem,

a. Processor
b. Motherboard,
c. HDD, FDD
d. Sound Card
e. VGA Card ROM,
f. RAM CD Drive,
g. Power supply,

a. Monitor
b. Printer
c. Film Recorder
d. Floppy
e. Modem
f. CD/DVD.

Classification of Hardware: KwDUvii nvWIqviK wZb fvM fvM Kiv nqQ- h_v1. Input Device
2. System Unit
3. Output Device
1. Input Device: The Input Device is used to enter information is to the computer.
A_vr h mg Device ev hvsk mg~ni gvag KwDUvii Kvb Z_ cib Kiv nq ZvK Input Device
ej| hgb- Keyboard, Mouse Scanner, CD/DVD,Pen Drive, Joystick etc.

wP: Keyboard , Mouse

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2. CPU (Central processing unit): CPU is the main part of Computer. It is called the
Brain of Computer. A_vr Central processing unit njv KwDUvii mePq iZc~Y Ask|
Input Device Gi gvag cv Z_ mg~nK h hi mvnvh cwqvKib Kiv nq ZvK System Unit ev
CPU ejv nq| wmg BDwbU `yB aibi| hgb1. Tower Top
2. Desk Top
Central Processing Unit Gi ga _vK Motherboard, Processor, HDD, FDD, Sound Card,
VGA/AGP Card, ROM, RAM, CDROM Drive, Power Supply etc.

wP: Desktop Computer

3.Output Device: Output Device are use to output the result. A_vr Input Device Gi
gvag cv Z_ System Unit- G cwqvKiYi ci h Device Gi gvag djvdj `LZ cvB ZvK
Output Device ej| hgb- Monitor, Printer, Film Recorder etc.
Keyboard cwiwPwZt
Keyboard Gi Key mg~nK mvavibZ Qq fvM fvM Kiv nqQ hgb:1. Alphabetic Key (A _K Z ch)
2. Numeric Key ( 0 _K 9 ch)
3. Function Key (F1 _K F12 ch)
4. Arrow Key (Left Arrow , Right , Up , Down )
5. Command Key (Ctrl, Alt, Shift)
6. Special Key (Dciv Key Qvov evKx me Special Key).
7. GKwU Standerd Keyboard- G 101wU Key _vK|

wP: Keyboard

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Mouse Gi eenvit
Mouse Gi mvavibZ `yBwU evUb _vK| Ze Optical ev Scroll Mouse nj wZbwU evUb _vK|
hgb1. Left Button
2. Right Button
3. Scroll Button.
* eenvii Dci wfw Ki gvDm I KxevW cvU wewfb aibi nZ cvi| hgbt
1. PS/2 -Keyboard & Mouse
2. USB- Keyboard & Mouse
3. Wareless- Keyboard & Mouse
4. Multimedia- Keyboard & Mouse

wP: Mouse

Local Disk or Other Disk.

wP: Local Disk or Other Disk.

Printer: Printer GKwU AvDUcyU wWfvBm| evRvi wewfb aibi Printe cvIqv hvq| hgb1. Canon
2. Hp
3. Laxmark
4. Samsung
5. Brother
6. Epson etc.

13
PC Configruation Different Parts of Computer (KwDUvi Gi wewfb hvski bvg):
Ans: There are element parts of computer. Those aresSl. No:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Products Item Name

Processor
Motherboard
RAM
HDD(Hard Disk Drive)
Monitor
Casing with Power Supply
Keyboard
Mouse
CDROM/DVDROM(R)
Speaker
Printer
Scanner
UPS/Stabilizer
Modem
Pen Drive
Others Card
TV Card
Microphone/ Headphone
Latest Software
Display/AGP/VGA Card
Sound/Audio Card
LAN Card
USB Card
Web Camb

Model No
5th Generation Intel Core i7 3.60GHz
Gigabyte GA-Z87-HD3
8GB DDR3
WD16Terabyte Sata
Dell 21.5 LED
Cooler Master Casing
A4 Tech USB
A4 Tech USB
Samsung DVD Writer
Microlab
Samsung/Canon-3300/Hp
Canon
Micro
Grammenphone
Towinmos,ADATA
Need
Avermdia
Need
Need
Need
Need
Need
Need
Need

Figure: Devices & Desktop computer system

14
Laptop/Notebook
Sl. No:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

PC Detail Specifications:

Product Name
Processor
Motherboard
RAM
Hard Drive
Display

6. Clock Speed
7. L3 Cache
8. Turbo Boost Technology
9. Graphics
10.
Audio
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Operating System
BlueTooth
Networking
Wireless
Webcam
AC Adapter
Battery & Power
Weight
Country of Origin
Country of Mfg.
Others

Product Model No
5th Generation Intel Core i7 2.50GHz
Intel Core i74712
16GB DDR3 L-RS 1600Mhz (On Board)
16TB, Solid State Drive (SSD).
15.4 inch Ultra Sharp LED Backlit Touch Display
with Truelife and QHD resolution (2560 X 1440)
2.9 GHz
3 MB
3.9 GHz
Intel HD Graphics 4200.
Integrated Dell 2.0 Speakers with Waves
MaxxAudio(R) 5
Windows(R) 8.1 Single Language (64Bit) English
Bluetooth 4.0
Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless-N 7260 @ 5 GHz
Intel(R) Wireless Display (WiDi) 3.0 Ready*
Integrated 1.3MP Widescreen HD Webcam
45W AC Adapter
9 hours Backup
2.5lbs (1.13 Kg)
USA
China
9-pin USB 3.0 port (1); 9-pin USB 3.0 port with
PowerShare and Windows debugging (1); 20-pin
mini DisplayPort (1); headphone/microphone
combo port (1)

Figure: Devices & Laptop/Notebook computer system

15
What do you understand by Software? (Software ejZ wK eySvq)?
Ans: Software njv aiv hvq bv, Qvuqv hvq bv Ggb GKwU e| A_vr GKvwaK wb`kbvi mg^q gv, hvi
gvag Hardware jvK eenvi DchvMx Ki Zvj| GK K_vq- KwDUvi cwiPvjbv KiZ h mg
cvMvg cqvRb, m jvK Software ej| hgb: Hardware njv, Computer, Software njv Zvi
cvY|
Classification of Software: Software K mvavbZ `y&B fvM fvM Kiv nqQ|
a. System Software
b. Application Software
a. System Software : KwDUviK eenvii DchvMx KiZ h md&UIqvi eenvi Kiv nq, ZvK
System Software ej| hgb- DOS, Windows- 95/98/2000, Widows Millennium,
Windows XP, Linux, Unix, Novel & Windows7, Windows Vista, Windows 8,
Windows10 etc.
b Application Software: h mg md&UIqvi Gi gvag KwDUvi eenviKvix Zvi wewfb Kvh
mv`b Ki _vK ZvK Application Software ej| Application Software jvK Avevi cvKR
cvMvg I ejv hvq|
What is Operating System? Discuss the use of Operating System.
(AcviwUs wmg wK? AcviwUs wmgi KvR):
Ans: KwDUvii wbR^ Avfixb KvhcYvjxi wbqY I cwiPvjbvi KvR eeZ Software K
Operating System ej| Operating System nQ GKQ Software ev Program hv KwDUvi
wmgi wewfb hvsk jvK cqvRb Abyhvqx mwq Ki Zvj| hgb- DOS, Windows95/98/2000, Widows Millennium, Windows XP, Linux, Unix, Novel & Windows7,
Windows Vista, Windows 8, Windows10 etc.
Operating System Gi KvR t
KwDUvii Power Switch On Kij mec_g AcviwUs wmgwU KwDUvii mg
Electronics Device mg~ni ga mshvM `L bq|
RAM Gi ga KZUzKz RvqMv Lvjx AvQ Zv wmj Ki| hw` RvqMv Kg _vK Operating
System Message w`e|
iZc~Y dvBj mg~n Operating System co cqvRbxq wb`k Ki bq|
Operating System viv KwDUvi Ges KwDUvi eenviKvixi ga mK mw Ki|
Operating System Qvov Kvb cvKR ev cvMvg eenvii DchvMx Kiv hvq bv|
Operating System viv KwDUvii Input & Output Device mg~ni ga mK mw Ki bq|
Operating System bUIqvwKs mvwfm c`vb Ki|
GK K_vq Operating System Qvov KwDUvi m~Yic APj|

16
Microsoft Office Package Program? Discuss the name of Office Package
Program.
Ans: hyivi Microsoft Kcvikb KZK evRviRvZKZ KZjv cvKR cvMvgK Office
Package ej| AbKjv cvMvgi mgwMZ GKwU cvMvg ev cvKR-Gi bvg| hvK Avgiv Avgv`i
Kgi c~Yv Awdmi mv_ AvjvPbv ev Zzjbv KiZ cvwi| Avgiv GKwU Awdm KvR KiZ Mj h
aibi KvR Kwi hgb - wPwV, dv, wicvU ivBwUs, wnmve-wbKvk Kiv, wewfb wWRvBbi Qwe AvuKv, eZb
wkU Zix mn Abvb| GB mKj KvRwj h mg cvMvgi gvag Kiv nq mB mKj cvMvgK GK GKwU
cvKR-G Af~ Kiv nqQ hvi bvg `Iqv nqQ MS-Office Package Program|
wbg Office Package mg~ni bvg `Iqv njvt
1. Microsoft Word 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
2. Microsoft Excel 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
3. Microsoft Access 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
4. Microsoft PowerPoint 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
5. Microsoft Photo Editor 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
6. Microsoft Outlook 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
7. Microsoft Publisher 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
8. Microsoft Fontpage 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
9. Microsoft InfoPath 97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.
10. Microsoft OneNote97/2000/XP/2003/2007/2010/2013 etc.

Figure: Microsoft Office Package Program Logo.

Bangla Unicode: evsjv UvBc KiZ nj weRq Software eenvi KiZ ne|