1 / 18

BERNARD MANDEVILLE VE ARILAR MESEL

N. Ekrem Dzen
SUNU
Bernard Mandeville, bir siyasi ahlak kuramcs. Makyavel kadar yaygn bir ne sahip
olmamakla birlikte baz siyaset bilimcilerin gznde kymeti ondan aa deil.
Merkantilist adan kapitalist aa gei evresinde (17. yzyl sonu, 18. yzyl ba)
yaam, asl meslei hekimlik olan, zanaatkr-lim-filozof kuann son fertlerinden. 1705
tarihli Arlar Meseli, zamann toplumsal yaayna ilikin bir zmleme, eletiri ve kuram
metni. Bu eser, siyasi g ve ekonomik refahn varolma ve srdrlme koullarnn ahlak
dizgeleriyle iieliinden hareketle, ahlaki erevenin de siyasi g ve ekonomik refahn
belirleyicisi olduu, giderek olmas gerektii dncesini iletiyor. Dolaysyla, bazen ak
bazen rtk olarak, ahlaki dzenleme faaliyetini, temel dzenleyici unsur olarak ne
karyor.
Mandeville, Arlar Meselinin banda, eserinin ana fikrini Homurdanan Kovan veya
Dzenbazn Drstl adn verdii bir manzumeyle zetlemi. Kitabn bandaki bu
manzum blm, bir eviri merakls iin balbana bir macera davetiyesi. Ben bu davete
ne yalan syleyeyim, biraz da ocuka bir meydan okuma drtsyle icabet etmek
istedim. Bu eviri, birebir szlk anlam kullanmaktan syleyi zelliine gre yeniden
yazmaya dek pek ok eviri yaklamn ayn anda barndryor. Farkl yaklamlardan
birini seerek btn manzumeyi evirmek bana mmkn grnmedi. Bununla birlikte,
zgn anlam kaybedecek denli zenginletirme ya da fakirletirme yapmamaya ve
dizelerin srasn olabildiince bozmamaya altm. Mellife sadakatim samimidir, lakin
muhtemelen drtlerime yenilmiliim daha oktur.
Manzumeyi kendi bana bir btn olarak grmek mmkn. Bu yzden kitabn evirisini
beklemeden manzumenin evirisini yaynlamann sakncas olmayacan dnyorum.
Bu ekilde hem Mandevillei hem eserini nceden tanmak mmkn olacak. eviri, sol
stunda zgn ngilizce manzume, sa stunda Trkesi olacak ekilde sunuluyor.
Mandevillein kendi sunuunu da manzumenin hemen nnde bulacaksnz. Eer
Mandevillein satirik slubunu yanstabildiysem, okur baz dizeleri okurken ironiyle
glmserse, ok mutlu olacam. Kusurlarm iaret eden olur ise bam stne
Teekkr: nce bu manzumeyle karlamama sebep olan Erkan Uzun, Ebru Akman, ve
Fisun Demire, sonra da eviriyi okuyarak, neriler gelitirerek, benim yksek sesle
okumalarma tebessmle tahamml gstererek katkda bulunan herkese ok teekkr
ederim: zgr Erba, Kerem Kandemir, Nil Mutluer, ala Glol, Ahmet Tosun, Suat
zada, Belgin Zorlu, Murat Ba, Nezih Dzen, Yudit Namer, Sevgi Can Yac Aksel,
Ebru Turgut.

2 / 18

ARILAR MESEL
MANEDVILLEIN SUNUU
Sadece ok az sayda insann kendisini anlayabilmesinin en byk nedenlerinden biri,
yazarlarn ounun insanlara ne olmalar gerektiini sylemesidir; ama onlara gerekte ne
olduklarn sylemeyi pek dert etmezler. Kendi adma, saygn okuyucuyu veya kendimi
kayrmakszn, inanyorum ki insan (gze ak olan etin ve kemiin yansra) pek ok
arzunun bir bileimidir; bu arzularn her biri, sras geldiinde harekete geip ste
ktnda, kii istesin ya da istemesin, onu hkmne alr. Gya utandmz bu vasflarn,
toplumun byyp gelimesine byk katkda bulunduunu gstermek buradaki
manzumenin konusunu oluturuyor. Ancak, manzume boyunca paradoks arz eder gibi
grnen blmler iin giri ksmnda baz aklayc notlar bulacaksnz; daha yararl hale
getirmek zere, insann, kusurlarna ramen, erdemle taksiri ayrmay renmek iin
bundan daha iyi bir donanma sahip olmadn gstermeye uygun dtne inandm
bir aklama: Ve burada okuyucudan unu aklndan hi karmamasn istirham ediyorum;
nsan demekle Yahudileri ya da Hristiyanlar deil, sadece nsan kastediyorum; olduu
haliyle ve btndan habersiz olan.

3 / 18

THE GRUMBLING HIVE

OR, KNAVES TURND HONEST

HOMURDANAN KOVAN
VEYA, DZENBAZIN DRSTL

A Spacious Hive well stockd with Bees,

That livd in Luxury and Ease;

KOCA bir kovan vard, arlarla dopdolu,

Rahatlk ve kolaylktan geerdi hayat yolu;

And yet as famd for Laws and Arms,

As yielding large and early Swarms;

nlenmilerdi kanun ve kuvvet sermekle,

Byk ve gen oullar vermekle.

Was counted the great Nursery

Of Sciences and Industry.

Herkes bilirdi o byk kuca,

Bilimlerin ve sanatlarn oca.

No Bees had better Government,

More Fickleness, or less Content:

Bundan iyi hkmet grmedi hibir ar,

Ne daha mutlu oldu ne daha uar,

They were not Slaves to Tyranny,

Nor ruld by wild Democracy;

Despotlua boyun eip klelie inmediler,

Lakin ham demokrasiyle de yetinmediler;

But Kings, that could not wrong, because

Their Power was circumscribd by Laws.

Krallar vard ki yanl yapmazlard

ktidar eviren kanundan sapmazlard.

4 / 18

T H E S E Insects livd like Men, and all

Our Actions they performd in small:

TIPKI insanlar gibiydi arlarn yaam

Bizden narin tavrlarla ederlerdi akam:

They did whatevers done in Town,

And what belongs to Sword or Gown:

Ne yaplrsa bir kentte, o yaplrd bu kovanda,

Cppe giyen de vard elbet, kl kuanan da:

Tho th Artful Works, by nimble Slight

Of minute Limbs, scapd Human Sight;

Minik eklemlerin minik hareketleri yznden,

Kam olsa da hnerli ileri insann gznden;

Yet weve no Engines, Labourers,

Ships, Castles, Arms, Artificers,

Bizde nasl varsa silahlar ve makineler,

Ustalar, ordular, kaleler ve tekneler,

Craft, Science, Shop, or Instrument,

But they had an Equivalent:

Alet-edevat, zanaat, ticaret ve bilim,

Onlarda da vard bunlara e bir ilim:

Which, since their Language is unknown,

Must be calld, as we do our own.

Ama bilmediimiz iin dillerini,

Bizde naslsa yle anmal fiillerini.

As grant, that among other Things,

They wanted Dice, yet they had Kings;

Nimetler arasndan bir ksmet ararken

Krallar geti baa, talihe adres sorarken

And those had Guards; from whence we may

Justly conclude, they had some Play;

Eh, stne kraln muhafzlarn da koyun,

Demek ki var bu iin iinde bir oyun;

Unless a Regiment be shewn

Of Soldiers, that make use of none.

Meer ki ksn ortaya bir tmen

nk asker ne muhafz tanr ne dmen.

VA S T Numbers throngd the fruitful Hive;

Yet those vast Numbers made em thrive;

YIINLAR bereketli kovana dolutu,

Ve kalabalkla birlikte bolluk, refah olutu;

Millions endeavouring to supply

Each others Lust and Vanity;

Milyonlar ortaya koydu kuvvetini,

Doyurmaya birbirinin kibrini, ehvetini;

While other Millions were employd,

To see their Handy-works destroyd;

Baka milyonlar da baka ilere girecekti,

Ve yaptklarnn nasl ykldn grecekti;

They furnishd half the Universe;

Yet had more Work than Labourers.

Donattlar dnyann yarsn; ancak,

iden daha ok i vard yapacak.

Some with vast Stocks, and little Pains,

Jumpd into Business of great Gains;

Kiminin ok mal vard, ie atld,

Az bir abayla kazancna kazan katld;

And some were damnd to Sythes and Spades,

And all those hard laborious Trades;

Kimi mahkm oldu kazma krek bana,

Ve zahmetli uralardan gelen bulgur ana;

5 / 18

Where willing Wretches daily sweat,

And wear out Strength and Limbs to eat:

Heveskr biareler her gn dkerken ter,

Tkenirken kollarda derman, gzlerde fer:

While others followd Mysteries,

To which few Folks bind Prentices;

Bazlar dt esrarl sanatlara,

Herkesin rak vermedii zanaatlara;

That want no Stock, but that of Brass,

And may set up without a Cross;

Mangrdayd gzleri, mal deildi onlarn niyaz,

Ve pekl abdestsiz de klarlard namaz;

As Sharpers, Parasites, Pimps, Players,

Pick-pockets, Coiners, Quacks, South-sayers,

Dolandrclar, sahtekrlar, pezevenkler, arlatanlar,

ktlar, yankesiciler, falclar, kalpazanlar,

And all those, that in Enmity,

With downright Working, cunningly

te bunlarn hepsi, kin gderdi,

Doru drst alana, hinlik ederdi,

Convert to their own Use the Labour

Of their good-naturd heedless Neighbour.

evirip kendi usulne iin gereini,

Kullanrd iyi huylu safdil komunun emeini.

These were calld Knaves, but bar the Name,

The grave Industrious were the same:

Dzenbazd bunlar, ama dikkatle anmal bu ismi,

alkann da ayn hamurdan yorulmutu cismi:

All Trades and Places knew some Cheat,

No Calling was without Deceit.

Her imalat ve ticaret bilirdi biraz alavere,

Hibir i yoktu ki olmasn iinde dalavere.

T H E Lawyers, of whose Art the Basis

Was raising Feuds and splitting Cases,

AVUKATLARn meslek icab abalar,

Anlamazlk kartmak ve oaltmakt davalar;

Opposd all Registers, that Cheats

Might make more Work with dipt Estates;

Kayda kuyda aldrmazlard, nk oyun ve hile

Daha ok i yapard ipotek dairesinden bile;

As wert unlawful, that ones own,

Without a Law-Suit, should be known.

Gya kanunsuz deildi takip fasl,

Naslsa mahkemesiz kmazd iin asl.

They kept off Hearings wilfully,

To finger the refreshing Fee;

Kasten savsaklayp durdular celseleri, celpleri,

cretleri ykseltip iirmek iin cepleri;

And to defend a wicked Cause,

Examind and surveyd the Laws,

Ve habis bir davay getirmek iin oyuna,

Kanunlar didikleyip detiler enine boyuna;

As Burglars Shops and Houses do,

To find out where theyd best break through.

Hrsz ev gzetler gibi izlediler her loluu,

Bulmak iin girilecek zayf boluu.

6 / 18

P H Y S I C I A N S valud Fame and Wealth

Above the drooping Patients Health,

DOKTORLARn ad san pek saygn,

Hastalarn dermanszlndan da yaygn;

Or their own Skill: The greatest Part

Studyd, instead of Rules of Art,

Hatta marifetlerinden: Pek ok defa

Rol kestiler; sanatlar vermedi bir ifa.

Grave pensive Looks and dull Behaviour,

To gain th Apothecarys Favour;

Tavrlar kuru ve skc, baklar baygn ve kayk,

Olmak iin eczacnn vgsne layk,

The Praise of Midwives, Priests, and all

That servd at Birth or Funeral.

Ve ebe ile rahibin iltifatna mazhar,

Onlar ki ya beik bandadr ya mezar.

To bear with th ever-talking Tribe,

And hear my Ladys Aunt prescribe;

Cemaatin gevezeliinden aslmaz suratlar,

Kocakar ilalarn iitmektir muratlar;

With formal Smile, and kind How dye,

To fawn on all the Family;

Hal hatr sorarlar glckler atarak,

Btn mahalleyi yalayp alttan alarak,

And, which of all the greatest Curse is,

Tendure th Impertinence of Nurses.

Ve gerekirse lanetlerin en byn anmak,

Derim ki hemirelerin kstahlna dayanmak.

A M O N G the many Priests of Jove,

Hird to draw Blessings from Above,

GKLERN hizmetkr molla takm,

ekmekti ileri yukardan ilahi akm;

Some few were Learnd and Eloquent,

But thousands Hot and Ignorant:

lim ve belagat pek aznn ismiydi,

Ama arszlk ve cehalet binlercesinin resmiydi:

Yet all passd Muster that could hide

Their Sloth, Lust, Avarice and Pride;

Diyanetten alnm icazetti onlar aklayan,

Tembellik, tamah ve kibirlerini saklayan,

For which they were as famd as Tailors

For Cabbage, or for Brandy Sailors:

Bunlard oysa hretleri, nasl ki bir berber

Makasyla bilinir, ve demirci rsyle beraber:

Some, meagre-lookd, and meanly clad,

Would mystically pray for Bread,

Bazs, perian klk ve sefil bakla,

Ekmek dilenirdi uhrevi yakarla;

Meaning by that an ample Store,

Yet litrally received no more;

Demek ki doluydu birilerinin kileri,

Ama nedense hep bo kalrd elleri;

And, while these holy Drudges starvd,

The lazy Ones, for which they servd,

Ve alktan lrken bu kutsal uyuzlar,

Hizmet ettikleri tembel domuzlar,

Indulgd their Ease, with all the Graces

Of Health and Plenty in their Faces.

Btn hametleriyle kardlar rahatln tadn,

Yzlerinden okurdunuz salk ve bereketin adn.

7 / 18

T H E Soldiers, that were forcd to fight,

If they survivd, got Honour byt;

ASKERLER savamaya zorlandlar,

Sa kaldlarsa eer, onur kazandlar;

Tho some, that shunnd the bloody Fray,

Had Limbs shot off, that ran away:

Kanmaya alan kanl kavgadan,

Vurup kendini svt kargaadan:

Some valiant Genrals fought the Foe;

Others took Bribes to let them go:

Baz yiitler kp alt ettiyse de rakibi,

Dierleri ald rveti ve brakt takibi:

Some venturd always where twas warm,

Lost now a Leg, and then an Arm;

Kimi kendini atee att, cesaret dolu,

imdi baca koptu, biraz sonra kolu;

Till quite disabled, and put by,

They livd on half their Salary;

Tutar yeri kalmaynca bir kenara atld,

Yarm ayln insafna satld;

While others never came in Play,

And staid at Home for double Pay.

Oysa hi gelmeyenler vard masaya,

Oturup evlerinde, ift maa dizdiler kasaya.

T H E I R Kings were servd, but Knavishly,

Cheated by their own Ministry;

KRALLARINA hizmet, sinsice grlrd,

Hilebazlk, Vekillerden balayarak rlrd.

Many, that for their Welfare slaved,

Robbing the very Crown they saved:

Refahlar iin kle ettikleri pek oktu,

Koruduklar tac soymakta beisleri yoktu:

Pensions were small, and they livd high,

Yet boasted of their Honesty.

denekler azd ama lksten geri durmazlard,

Ve drstlklerine toz kondurmazlard.

Calling, wheneer they straind their Right,

The slippry Trick a Perquisite;

Her ne zaman zora girse paylarn almak,

Bunun da numaras, bahi diyerek almak;

And when Folks understood their Cant,

They changd that for Emolument;

Uyanacak olursa etraf riyakrn hilesine,

evirirlerdi adn hizmetkrn hissesine;

Unwilling to be short or plain,

In any thing concerning Gain;

stemezlerdi yoksunluk, aza kanaat,

Kalmazlard gerisinde, varsa menfaat;

For there was not a Bee but would

Get more, I wont say, than he should;

Hibir ar yoktu ki almasn daha ounu,

Almas gerekenden getim, varn younu;

But than he dard to let them know,

That payd fort; as your Gamesters do,

O miktar sylemeye yetmez creti,

Ekya gibi saklar ald creti,

That, tho at fair Play, neer will own

Before the Losers what theyve won.

Bilir ki adil bir oyunda kazanamaz,

Garibann elindekini ekip alamaz.

8 / 18

B U T who can all their Frauds repeat?

The very Stuff, which in the Street

Y de kim bu dmenleri bulup evirir?

Onlar ki ortaln crufunu ortala devirir,

They sold for Dirt tenrich the Ground

Was often by the Buyers found,

Ve satarlar gbre diye, budur tarlann az,

bitince anlar mteri, urad kaz;

Sophisticated with a quarter,

Of good-for-nothing Stones and Mortar;

Allanp pullanmtr be on paraya,

Toz topraktr hal bu ki, gelmez daraya;

Tho Flail had little Cause to mutter,

Who sold the other Salt for Butter.

Tepinip dursa da boa yorar ayan,

O da tekine tuz satmtr, gsterip tereyan.

J U S T I C E her self, famd for fair Dealing,

By Blindness had not lost her Feeling;

ADALET anyla bilirdi uzlamann dengesini,

Krlyle sezerdi yozlamann glgesini,

Her Left Hand, which the Scales should hold,

Had often dropt em, bribd with Gold;

Sol eli tutmalyken terazinin kolunu,

Drrd mizan, grnce altnn yolunu;

And, tho she seemd Impartial,

Where Punishment was corporal,

Grndyse de bsbtn tarafsz,

Hele ki ceza cana verilmise, afsz,

Pretended to a reglar Course,

In Murther, and all Crimes of Force;

Dzmece bir mahkemeydi sonu,

ster cinayet olsun dava ister cebr su;

Tho some, first pilloryd for Cheating,

Were hangd in Hemp of their own beating;

Bazsnn yzne arpldysa da oyunu,

Yine kendi eirdii urgana gitti boyunu;

Yet, it was thought, the Sword she bore

Checkd but the Desprate and the Poor;

Hani derler ya adaletin klc keskindir,

Nedense kestii hep aciz ile miskindir;

That, urgd by meer Necessity,

Were tyd up to the wretched Tree

Arzuhli grmekken vazifesi,

Balamt elini beylerin silsilesi

For Crimes, which not deservd that Fate,

But to secure the Rich and Great.

Ki haksz ceza alanlara ulamasn,

Gly gzetmekten baka ile uramasn.

T H U S every Part was full of Vice,

Yet the whole Mass a Paradise;

VELHASIL alaklk kol geziyordu her cihette,

Ama ynlar oturuyordu sanki cennette;

Flatterd in Peace, and feard in Wars,

They were th Esteem of Foreigners,

Barta mutluluk, savata utkuya talip,

Rakiplerin gznde yksek itibara sahip,

9 / 18

And lavish of their Wealth and Lives,

The Balance of all other Hives.

Hovardas onlar bu hayatn ve zenginliin,

Dengesi btn kovanlarn ve dinginliin,

Such were the Blessings of that State;

Their Crimes conspird to make them Great:

te bunlard bu devletin nimetleri,

Byyordu, yayldka crm hizmetleri:

And Virtue, who from Politicks

Had learnd a Thousand Cunning Tricks,

Ve erdem, siyasetten ezberliydi,

Bin kurnazn hilesinden haberliydi;

Was, by their happy Influence,

Made Friends with Vice: And ever since,

Bu kutlu mnasebet bakmyla,

Yolda oldu muhannet takmyla;

The worst of all the Multitude

Did something for the Common Good.

Daha beteri bulunmad bu tayfada,

Hi faydas grlmedi ortak sayfada.

T H I S was the States Craft, that maintaind

The Whole of which each Part complaind:

BUYDU devletin ileri, birlii byle salard,

Ve yine her kesim ikyet edip alard:

This, as in Musick Harmony,

Made Jarrings in the main agree;

Nasl amazsa mziin ahengi,

Curcunayla, oynamazsa mihengi,

Parties directly opposite,

Assist each other, as twere for Spight;

Muhalifler de birbirine ederken itiraz,

Mttefik oluverirler, karrken garaz;

And Temprance with Sobriety,

Serve Drunkenness and Gluttony.

Ve kl, alarak mklu yedeine,

Ya srer sarho ile tamahkrn ekmeine.

T H E Root of Evil, Avarice,

That damnd ill-naturd baneful Vice,

AGZLLK btn ktlklerin anas,

Kahrolas alaklklarn daniskas,

Was Slave to Prodigality,

That noble Sin; whilst Luxury

Onu bile kle etmitir tamah ve israf,

O soylu gnah; ve bir yanda lks iin masraf

Employd a Million of the Poor,

And odious Pride a Million more:

Emrine alrken bir milyon pulsuz,

Pis gurur da altrr bir milyon ulsuz:

Envy it self, and Vanity,

Were Ministers of Industry;

Haset ve kibir, bizzat bu ikili,

Biri nzrdr sanayinin, dieri vekili;

Their darling Folly, Fickleness,

In Diet, Furniture and Dress,

Sevgili soytarlar kapristir seme azman,

Al veri, giyim kuam, ve yeme ime uzman,

10 / 18

That strange ridiclous Vice, was made

The very Wheel that turnd the Trade.

O glnesi, tuhaf yamak yaratr bu fark,

Onun marifetiyle dner ticaretin ark.

Their Laws and Clothes were equally

Objects of Mutability;

Kanunlar da kostmleri gibi durmaz yerli yerinde,

Deiir de deiir her seferinde;

For, what was well done for a time,

In half a Year became a Crime;

imdi uygundur diye verilen hkm,

Alt ayda oluverir byk bir crm;

Yet while they alterd thus their Laws,

Still finding and correcting Flaws,

Kanunlarn evirip devirseler de,

Kusurlarn bulup evirseler de,

They mended by Inconstancy

Faults, which no Prudence could foresee.

Uydurmadr dzeltmeler, varmaz istikrara,

Hibir nlem ilemez batan yanl karara.

T H U S Vice nursd Ingenuity,

Which joind with Time and Industry,

TE byledir dzenbazln yenilii yaratmas,

Zenginliin emekle birlikte boy atmas,

Had carryd Lifes Conveniencies,

Its real Pleasures, Comforts, Ease,

Srtlanp hayatn zahmetini,

yle oaltmtr ki zevksefann rahmetini,

To such a Height, the very Poor

Livd better than the Rich before,
And nothing could be added more.

Bulmak istersen imdiki fukarann dengini,

Bak, daha sefildir eski zamann zengini;
Artk daha da geniletemez bu engini.

H O W Vain is Mortal Happiness!

Had they but known the Bounds of Bliss;

NE beyhudedir fanilerin mutluluk aray!

Keke bilseler, ne genitir sevincin kavray;

And that Perfection here below

Is more than Gods can well bestow;

Ve yeryz, ylesine mkemmel ve eriilmez,

Gklerin ltfuyla bile bu mertebeye yetiilmez;

The Grumbling Brutes had been content

With Ministers and Government.

Homurdanan yabaniler geri dururdu ikyetten,

Memnun olurdu vekillerden ve hkmetten.

But they, at every ill Success,

Like Creatures lost without Redress,

Ama onlar, baarszla uradklar an,

Tkezleyip toparlayamadklar zaman,

Cursd Politicians, Armies, Fleets;

While every one cryd, Damn the Cheats,

Politikaclara ve askerlere lanet yadrr;

Kahrolsun yolsuzluk diye svp saydrr;

And would, tho conscious of his own,

In others barbrously bear none.

Ve bilerek kendi yorulduklar hamuru,

Kyasya atarlar bakasna amuru.

11 / 18

O N E, that had got a Princely Store,

By cheating Master, King and Poor,

MALI mlk ykleyip ymlardan bir kii,

Efendiyi, kral ve yoksulu dolandrmakt ii;

Dard cry aloud, The Land must sink

For all its Fraud; And whom dye think

Batsn bu lke, diyerek, ykseltti sesini cretle,

Yetsin bu sahtekrlk, dedi; ve bakn ibretle,

The Sermonizing Rascal chid?

A Glover that sold Lamb for Kid.

Kimi ktledi bu arlatan yalva?

Kuzuyu kei diye satan bir sara.

The least thing was not done amiss,

Or crossd the Publick Business;

Yer verilmedi en kk bir ihmale,

Ne de kamu yararna kar bir ihlale;

But all the Rogues cryd brazenly,

Good Gods, Had we but Honesty!

lklarn ayyuka kartt meyuslar:

Ey tanrlar, bizden sorulmaz m namus ve ar!

Mercry smild at th Impudence,

And others calld it want of Sense,

erilerin Prini gldrd bu ftursuzluk,

Oysa buydu ite apak uursuzluk,

Always to rail at what they lovd:

But Jove with Indignation movd,

u hep kendi arzusu peindeki kervan:

Ama silkindi Gkyz koparp bir feveran,

At last in Anger swore, Hed rid

The bawling Hive of Fraud; and did.

Ve nihayet fke iinde etti yeminini;

Serdi kt kovann datmann zeminini.

The very Moment it departs,

And Honesty fills all their Hearts;

Balad anda yerine geldi sz,

Ve drstlkle doldu btn yreklerin z.

There shews em, like th Instructive Tree,

Those Crimes which theyre ashamd to see;

Gsterildi onlara, sanki armhlarna akld,

Grmekten utandklar crmleri balarna takld.

Which now in Silence they confess,

By blushing at their Ugliness:

imdi onlar sessizce gnahlarn itiraf etmekte,

Ve irkinlikleri, kzarp bozarmalarna yetmekte.

Like Children, that would hide their Faults,

And by their Colour own their Thoughts:

Kabahatini saklamaya alan ocuk misali,

Yznn rengidir ya aklndan geenin emsali,

Imagning, when theyre lookd upon,

That others see what they have done.

Hani endieyle gzn yukar devirmitir,

Ya anlalrsa diye, aslnda ne iler evirmitir.

12 / 18

B U T, Oh ye Gods! What Consternation,

How vast and sudden was th Alteration!

LKN ey ilahlar, o ne byk aknlkt, aman;

Nasl da apansz deiti her ey, pek yaman!

In half an Hour, the Nation round,

Meat fell a Peny in the Pound.

Yarm saatte tersyz oldu lkenin duruu;

Etin kilosu, liradan inip grd kuruu.

The Mask Hypocrisys flung down,

From the great Statesman to the Clown:

kiyzlln maskesi dt beriye,

Ne devlet adam kald ne soytar geriye:

And some in borrowd Looks well known,

Appeard like Strangers in their own.

Burnu havada takmnn nde gidenleri,

Kendilerine yabanc geldi kendi benleri.

The Bar was silent from that Day;

For now the willing Debtors pay,

Barodan ses gelmiyor o gnden beri,

nk imdi borlular istekle dyor geri;

Evn whats by Creditors forgot;

Who quitted them that had it not.

Alacakllarn unutup yok saydklar bile,

Vazgeilmi olsa da imdi geiyor ele.

Those, that were in the Wrong, stood mute,

And dropt the patchd vexatious Suit:

Yanlta olanlar, t karmadan baktlar,

Uydur kaydr dzenlerini ellerinden braktlar.

On which since nothing less can thrive,

Than Lawyers in an honest Hive,

Hal byleyken, ii olmayan bu meydanda,

Avukatlard elbet, namuslu bir kovanda;

All, except those that got enough,

With Inkhorns by their sides troopd off.

Bundan hariti tabii yk tutan okkayla,

Onlar da svverdi mrekkepsiz hokkayla.

J U S T I C E hangd some, set others free;

And after Goal delivery,

ADALET kimini ast kimini brakt serbest;

Ve encam edilince derdest,

Her Presence being no more requird,

With all her Train and Pomp retird.

Artk ihtiya duyulmad terifatna,

Yol verildi btn maiyet ve tefriatna.

First marchd some Smiths with Locks and Grates, nce baz ustalar gitti kilitleri ve itleriyle,
Fetters, and Doors with Iron Plates:
Dkme kaplar ve zincirli geitleriyle:
Next Goalers, Turnkeys and Assistants:
Before the Goddess, at some distance,

Sonra bekiler, ilingirler ve yamaklar,

Tanrann nsra yrd ulaklar;

Her chief and faithful Minister,

Squire CA T C H, the Laws great Finisher,

nde Bostancba, gzde ve sadk vekil,

Onun eliyle verilirdi kanuna son bir ekil;

Bore not th imaginary Sword,

But his own Tools, an Ax and Cord:

O hayali kl deildi tad tertip,

Fakat kendi endazesi, bir balta ve bir ip:

13 / 18

Then on a Cloud the Hood-winkd Fair,

J U S T I C E her self was pushd by Air:

Derken, gz bal peri gkte kondu yuvaya,

Adaletin kendisi uuruldu havaya:

About her Chariot, and behind,

Were Serjeants, Bums of every kind,

Sald arabasndan teye beriye,

Muavinler, mbairler ve ne kaldysa geriye,

Tip-staffs, and all those Officers,

That squeeze a Living out of Tears.

Kavaslar ve btn memurlar da ald payn,

u gzyalarndan karanlar, geimlik tayn.

T H O Physick livd, while Folks were ill,

None would prescribe, but Bees of skill,

HASTALAR varolduka devam ettiyse de tababet,

ifac ustalardan bakas gstermedi keramet,

Which through the Hive dispersd so wide,

That none of them had need to ride;

Yaylmlard kovanda her ke bucaa,

Gerek yoktu gitmeye yerinden uzaa;

Wavd vain Disputes, and strove to free

The Patients of their Misery;

Tartmay brakp ie giritiler bu defa

Bulmak iin hastalarn dertlerine deva;

Left Drugs in cheating Countries grown,

And usd the Product of their own;

Dzenbaz lkelerin rnlerini terk edip,

Kendi ilalarn ettiler terkip;

Knowing the Gods sent no Disease

To Nations without Remedies.

Dediler ki Tanrlar gndermez hibir illet,

Eer dermandan yana fakirse o millet.

T H E I R Clergy rousd from Laziness,

Laid not their Charge on Journey-Bees;

MOLLALAR uyanp tembel uykusundan,

Vazgetiler haclardan hara kesme huyundan;

But servd themselves, exempt from Vice,

The Gods with Prayr and Sacrifice;

Hileden arnp hizmete yaklatlar,

Tvbe dualaryla ilahlara yanatlar;

All those, that were unfit, or knew

Their Service might be spard, withdrew:

ekildi kim varsa bu duruma uyumsuz,

Ya da hizmetine yer olmayan, uygunsuz:

Nor was there Business for so many,

(If th Honest stand in need of any,)

ok fazla kiiye pek bir i kalmad,

(Namus sahibinin ihtiyac zaten olmad;)

Few only with the High-Priest staid,

To whom the rest Obedience paid:

Sadece yannda birka kiiyle barahip,

Ki oydu herkesin ballk sunduu sahip:

Himself employd in Holy Cares,

Resignd to others State-Affairs.

Kendisini diyanet ilerine adad,

Dnya ilerine bakalarn atad.

14 / 18

He chasd no Starvling from his Door,

Nor pinchd the Wages of the Poor;

Ne mahrumlar kapsndan kovalad,

Ne yoksul cebi trtklayp el ovalad:

But at his House the Hungrys fed,

The Hireling finds unmeasurd Bread,
The needy Travler Board and Bed.

Onun evinde verildi alara ekmek,

Orada bulundu muhtalara scak yemek,
Ve zorda kalan yolculara barnak ile dek.

A M O N G the Kings great Ministers,

And all th inferior Officers

KRALIN byk bakanlar arasnda,

Ve btn ast memurlar srasnda,

The Change was great; for frugally

They now livd on their Salary:

Byk oldu deiim; nk gerekten;

Sadece maalaryd imdi ellerine geen:

That a poor Bee should ten times come

To ask his Due, a trifling Sum,

Eer on kez gelmek zorunda kalsa bir arck,

deneini sormaya, alaca da zaten azck,

And by some well-hird Clerk be made

To give a Crown, or neer be paid,

Veya kadrolu bir ktip mecbur braklsa,

Bir altn vermeden, creti denmeyip taklsa,

Would now be calld a downright Cheat,

Tho formerly a Perquisite.

Kabul edildi ki bu dpedz hrszlk;

Hani eskiden bahi dedikleri arszlk.

All Places managd first by Three,

Who watchd each others Knavery,

Bir zamanlar kiinin ynettii birimler,

Hani herkes birbirinin hilesini mimler,

And often for a Fellow-feeling,

Promoted one anothers stealing,

Tabii biraz da arka kma hissiyle,

Arttrmak iin birbirinin aldn, misliyle,

Are happily supplyd by One,

By which some thousands more are gone.

Ne mutlu ki imdi sadece bir kiiyle yryor,

Ve bu durum birka bini daha yollara sryor.

N O Honour now could be content,

To live and owe for what was spent;

ARTIK teselli bulmuyor hibir haysiyet,

Borlanarak yaamakla kurtulmuyor vaziyet;

Livries in Brokers Shops are hung,

They part with Coaches for a Song;

Ahr simsarlarnn dkknlar doldu ktlarla,

Sahipleri arabalarndan ayrld atlarla.

Sell stately Horses by whole Sets;

And Country-Houses, to pay Debts.

Tm koumlaryla birlikte satld asil atlar,

Borlara karlk gitti iftlikler ve katlar.

15 / 18

V A I N Cost is shunnd as much as Fraud;

They have no Forces kept Abroad;

YOLSUZLUK kadar bo masraftan da geri durdular,

Baka topraklardan geri ekildi ordular;

Laugh at th Esteem of Foreigners,

And empty Glory got by Wars;

Gldler yabanc gzndeki itibara,

Savala gelen bo gurur ve iftihara;

They fight, but for their Countrys sake,

When Right or Libertys at Stake.

Dvmediler lkeye dman medike,

Haklar ve zgrlkler tehlikeye dmedike.

N O W mind the glorious Hive, and see

How Honesty and Trade agree.

MD gelin u muzaffer kovana bir bakn,

Drstlkle ticaret nasl da bark ve yakn.

The Shew is gone, it thins apace;

And looks with quite another Face.

Gsteri bitti, pf diye snd bir anda,

Ve bambaka bir yzle kt te yanda;

For twas not only that They went,

By whom vast Sums were Yearly spent;

nk sadece onlar deildi giden,

Byk harcamalar da beraber gitti elden.

But Multitudes that livd on them,

Were daily forcd to do the same.

Oysa ynlar vard bu tezghtan geinen,

Her gn ayn ekilde urap didinen;

In vain to other Trades theyd fly;

All were oer-stockd accordingly.

Bo mitlerle getiler baka ilere,

Ama ihtiyatan fazlas dolumutu her yere.

T H E Price of Land and Houses falls;

Miraclous Palaces, whose Walls,

ARSA ve ev fiyatlar dp yok etti varlar;

Muhteem konaklar ki duvarlar

Like those of Thebes, were raisd by Play,

Are to be let; while the once gay,

Tebainin surlar gibiydi, rlmt sevinle,

Brakld haline; zamannda nlyd erinle;

Well-seated Houshold Gods would be

More pleasd to expire in Flames, than see

Ve ba keye oturtulmu ilahlara yeterdi,

Atee atlmak; nk daha beterdi,

The mean Inscription on the Door

Smile at the lofty ones they bore.

Grmek kapdaki basit kitabeyi,

Tad marur balara glen o hitabeyi.

The building Trade is quite destroyd,

Artificers are not employd;

Bu hal, inaat loncasn da iyice bitirdi,

Btn zanaatlar ilerini yitirdi;

No Limner for his Art is famd,

Stone-cutters, Carvers are not namd.

Hibir ressam sanatyla nam salmad,

Ta kesicilerle oymaclarn esamesi kalmad.

16 / 18

T H O S E, that remaind, grown temprate, strive, KALANLAR braktlar bol keseden harcamay,
Not how to spend, but how to live,
rendiler ll ve lml yaamay;
And, when they paid their Tavern Score,
Resolvd to enter it no more:

Kabarnca meyhanenin hesab,

Ayak kesmekle grld iin icab:

No Vintners Jilt in all the Hive

Could wear now Cloth of Gold, and thrive;

imdi kovandaki hibir arapnn cariyesi

Giyemiyor srmal elbise, yok bakiyesi;

Nor Torcol such vast Sums advance,

For Burgundy and Ortelans;

Kimsede birikmiyor artk o kadar avans,

Ne Burgondi iin ne de Ortelans;

The Courtiers gone, that with his Miss

Suppd at his House on Christmas Peas;

Mabeyinci de kayboldu, ayla ikisi,

Her akam yerlerdi bir noel hindisi;

Spending as much in two Hours stay,

As keeps a Troop of Horse a Day.

ki saat iinde tkettikleri miktar,

Bir svari alayna btn gn yeter de artar.

T H E haughty Chloe, to live Great,

Had made her Husband rob the State:

MARUR Kloinin ykselmekti niyeti,

Kocasna soydurmutu devleti;

But now she sells her Furniture,

Which th Indies had been ransackd for;

imdi sata karm eyasndan kalan,

Oysa bunun iindi Hindistann talan;

Contracts th expensive Bill of Fare,

And wears her strong Suit a whole Year:

Artk yol paras iin pazarla giriyor,

Klk elbisesini btn sene giyiyor.

The slight and fickle Age is past;

And Clothes, as well as Fashions, last.

Tarih oldu hafiflik ve hoppalk a,

Maziye kart moda, terzilerin de snd oca;

Weavers, that joind rich Silk with Plate,

And all the Trades subordinate,

pek stne gm ileyen ustalar gitti,

Ve ardsra gelen btn ticaret bitti.

Are gone. Still Peace and Plenty reign,

And every Thing is cheap, tho plain:

Artk srp giden, sknet ve bereket,

Her ey ucuz, yoksa da bir hareket;

Kind Nature, free from Gardners Force,

Allows all Fruits in her own Course;

Zengin tabiat, kurtulunca bahvan elinden,

Tm meyvelerini sat ortaya kendiliinden;

But Rarities cannot be had,

Where Pains to get them are not paid.

Ama nadide eylerden yok bir ses,

Kimse onlar iin tketmiyor nefes.

AS Pride and Luxury decrease,

So by degrees they leave the Seas.

Saltanat ve lksn yerini aldka sala,

Denizlerden de ekildiler yava yava.

17 / 18

Not Merchants now, but Companies

Remove whole Manufactories.

Tacirlere benzedi kumpanyalarn vaziyeti,

Kalkt ortadan btn imalat faaliyeti.

All Arts and Crafts neglected lie;

Content, the Bane of Industry,

Zanatler ve meslekler brakld ylece,

Sanayinin lmne raz olundu bylece.

Makesem admire their homely Store,

And neither seek nor covet more.

Kilerdeki erzakn kadrini bildiler,

Fazlasn aramayp, akllardan sildiler.

S O few in the vast Hive remain,

The hundredth Part they cant maintain

MD yle tenha ki o byk kovan,

Yok yzde birini koruyacak derman;

Against th Insults of numerous Foes;

Whom yet they valiantly oppose:

Drt yandan saldrmakta dmanlar,

Yine de direnmekte kahramanlar;

Till some well-fencd Retreat is found,

And here they die or stand their Ground.

Buluncaya dek gvenli bir snak,

lmne savunulacak bu ynak;

No Hireling in their Armys known;

But bravely fighting for their own,

Hibir askeri satn alamad hibir cret,

Grlmedi yiite savamaktan te bir cret;

Their Courage and Integrity

At last were crownd with Victory.

Bylesi dayanma ve cesaret,

Zaferle taland en nihayet.

They triumphd not without their Cost,

For many Thousand Bees were lost.

Ama hi de bedelsiz deildi galibiyet,

Binlerce arnn lmyd maliyet.

Hardned with Toils and Exercise,

They counted Ease it self a Vice;

Glendiler urap didinerek,

Rahatln kendisini ktlk bilerek;

Which so improvd their Temperance;

That, to avoid Extravagance,

Tevazuda ylesine gittiler ki ileri,

Durmak iin her arlktan geri,

They flew into a hollow Tree,

Blest with Content and Honesty.

G edip bo bir aaca yuvalandlar,

Kanaat ve drstlkle kutsandlar.

18 / 18

THE MORAL

KISSADAN HSSE

THEN leave Complaints: Fools only strive

To make a Great an Honest Hive

O HALDE szlanmayn: sadece ahmak olan

Didinir, drst olsun diye byk bir kovan.

Tenjoy the Worlds Conveniencies,

Be famd in War, yet live in Ease,

Oysa dnya nimetlerinden km almak,

Refah iinde yaarken savata nam salmak,

Without great Vices, is a vain

EUTOPIA seated in the Brain.

Byk kusurlar olmadan, bo bir vaattir;

TOPYA beyindeki bir kanaattir.

Fraud, Luxury and Pride must live,

While we the Benefits receive:

Srp gitmeli yalan dolan, lks ve gurur;

Ki sonunda yine bize faydas dokunur:

Hungers a dreadful Plague, no doubt,

Yet who digests or thrives without?

Alk dehetli bir beladr, kukusuz;

Ama kim yer ier, kalmadan a susuz?

Do we not owe the Growth of Wine

To the dry shabby crooked Vine?

Borlu deil miyiz arab zm suyuna,

Asma ktnn kuru, clz, arpk soyuna?

Which, while its Shoots neglected stood,

Chokd other Plants, and ran to Wood;

ylece braklsa srgnleri, enine boyuna,

Boar teki bitkileri, kendisi de dner oduna;

But blest us with its noble Fruit,

As soon as it was tyd and cut:

Ama kutsar bizi soylu meyvesiyle,

Bacnn ustaca bkp emesiyle;

So Vice is beneficial found,

When its by Justice lopt and bound;

Demek ki kusur yararldr byle salannca,

Adaletin klcyla budanp ipiyle balannca;

Nay, where the People would be great,

As necessary to the State,
As Hunger is to makeem eat.

Eer saygnlksa insann maksad,

Veren budur nk devlete hayat,
Alktan da yle gelir yemenin tad.

Bare Virtue cant make Nations live

In Splendor; they, that would revive

Salt erdem yetmez lkeleri yaatmaya

Saltanat iinde; ve kalkanlar yaratmaya

A Golden Age, must be as free,

For Acorns, as for Honesty.

Bir altn a, brakmaldr zgr

Ptraklar da olsun drstlk kadar gr.

FINIS.

SON.