Converter principle

Let,

er = Em cos t + 60

Waveform of e r at t = 60 0 , er = + E m ;
0

e y = Em cos t 600

Waveform of e y at t = 60 , e y = + E m

e b = E m cos t 180 0

at t = 30 0 , er = 0;
0
Waveform of eb at t = 180 , e y = + E m

Note that,
In the upper row , when phase to neutral voltage of phase R is more positive than voltages of the other two phases then
valve-1 conducts
the common potential of cathodes of the three valves (1,3,5) is then equal to that of anode of valve-1.
In the lower row, valve-2 conducts when phase bus voltage is more negative than the other two phases.

Operation with no ignition delay:

The waveforms with angle delay is shown below: