Heads Method for Modeling

Turbulent Boundary Layers

Bertin & Smith: Page 147
L. Sankar
November 22, 2004

Governing Equations
Von Karman
Integral Momentum Equation
Cf
d
1 due
2 H

dx
ue dx
2
H : Shape Factor

wall
C f Skin Friction Coefficient
1 u 2
2 e
Momentum Thickness
From experiments, Ludwig and Tillman found
in turbulent flows :
Cf

0.3e 1.33 H
u
log e

1.74 0.31H

Entrainment Shape Factor, H1

*
H1

This paramater is assumed to evolve as :

1 d
ueH1 F H 1
ue dx
Cebeci and Bradshaw found, from experimental data, that :
F H1 0.0306 H1 3.0

0.6169

and
H1 0.8234 H 1.1

1.287

H1 1.5501 H 0.6778

3.3 if H 1.6

3.064

3.3 if H 1.6

Solution Procedure
We have two ODEs, one for q and one for H1.
These two ODEs may be numerically solved by
marching from the transition point.
MATLAB and other languages have libraries for
integrating system of ODEs.
See Pablo function called Runge, if you are
curious about how these two ODEs are
integrated.
You will see some of these libraries in 3515.

Some code fragments from PABLO

function y=H1ofH(H);
if H <1.1
disp('H < 1.1 ! -> H1 = 16');
y = 16;
else
if H <= 1.6
y = 3.3 + 0.8234*(H-1.1).^(-1.287);
else
y = 3.3 + 1.5501*(H-0.6778).^(-3.064);
end;
end;

More code Fragments from Pablo

function H=HofH1(H1);
if H1 <= 3.32
H = 3;
elseif H1 < 5.3
H = 0.6778 + 1.1536*(H1-3.3).^(-0.326);
else
H = 1.1 + 0.86*(H1-3.3).^(-0.777);
end