CIVICS IN PRACTICE

HOLT

Chapter 16

Citizenship and the Law

Section 1: Crime in the United States
Section 2: The Criminal Justice System
Section 3: Juvenile Crime

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 1: Crime in the United States

The Main Idea
When a person breaks a law, it is called a crime.
There are several types of crimes and a variety
of reasons why people commit crimes.
Reading Focus
What are five different types of crime?
What are four possible causes of crime?
How do we fight crime in the United States ?
2

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 1: Crime in the United States

Crimes against persons:

Violent crimeshomicide, hate crimes,
aggravated assault, or forcible rape

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 1: Crime in the United States

Crime against property:

The majority of crimes
Involves stealing or destroying property

petty larceny, grand larceny, vandalism, or

arson
Robbery involves property and persons.
4

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 1: Crime in the United States

Different types of crime:

Homicide, aggravated assault, forcible rape, larceny,

vandalism, arson, robbery

Hate crimesviolent crimes committed because of prejudice
Victimlessgambling and sale, possession, and use of illegal
drugs
White collarcommitted by people in their work; stealing,
embezzlement, and fraud
Organizeda crime syndicate of career criminals; provides
illegal goods and services; uses violence as a tool
HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 1: Crime in the United States

Causes of crime:
Poverty
Illegal drug use
Permissive society
Urbanization

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 1: Crime in the United States

Fighting crime:
1994National crime bill includes tougher

sentences and grants for police officers and

new jails.
Crime prevention education is taught in some
schools.

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

SECTION 1

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Question: What are the different types of

crime?

Types of
Crime
organized
crimes

victimless
crimes
white-collar
crimes
8

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 2: The Criminal Justice System

The Main Idea
Police officers arrest people believed to be breaking the
law. An accused person must be tried and, if found
guilty, punished.
Reading Focus
What is the role of police officers in the criminal
justice system?
What is the function of the courts after a suspect has
been arrested?
How does our corrections system punish lawbreakers?
9

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 2: The Criminal Justice System

Police Officers
Protect life and property, prevent crime, and

arrest violators
Protect individual rights, maintain peace, and
control traffic
Act as peacemakers, advisers, protectors, and
community members
10

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 2: The Criminal Justice System

Police Officers (continued)

Education, background check, aptitude tests,

physical and psychological exams are required.

Academies teach law, community relations,
gathering evidence, arrest procedures, records
keeping, first aid, weapon use, and other physical
skills.
11

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 2: The Criminal Justice System

After a suspect is arrested:

Suspect is entitled to due process before questioning.
Preliminary hearingevidence evaluated and charges

12

dropped or trial is set; bail set

Indictmenta formal charge is made
Arraignmentsuspect makes a plea before a judge
Trialdefendant is presumed innocent; a judge presides and
a jury deliberates the case presented by the prosecution and
the defense
Sentencingjudge decides the punishment; some states have
mandatory sentences for certain crimes
HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 2: The Criminal Justice System

Punishing lawbreakers:
Fines
Imprisonment (People hold different views of its

purpose: retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, or

social protection.)
Parole (Early release based on good behavior;
overcrowding has forced paroles.)
Capital punishment (Opponents believe it violates
the Eighth Amendment; it remains controversial.)
13

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

SECTION 2

Question:
What happens after a suspect is arrested?

Suspect is

Suspect
is booked

arrested
d
e
c
n
te
n
Se

14

Trial

Arraignment

Preliminary
hearing

Indictment

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 3: Juvenile Crime

The Main Idea
Most states prefer to handle juvenile, or young,
criminals differently than adult criminals, but for
some crimes this practice is changing.

15

Reading Focus
What is juvenile crime?
What are some possible causes of juvenile crime?
How does the judicial system handle juveniles who
break the law?
What are some ways to avoid trouble with the law?
HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 3: Juvenile Crime

Possible causes of juvenile crime:

Poor home conditions
Poor neighborhood conditions
Gang membership
Dropping out of school and unemployment
Alcohol and drugs
Peer pressure
16

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 3: Juvenile Crime

The judicial system has changed the

way it handles juveniles:
Prior to late 1800sJuveniles at least seven

years old were tried in adult courts and sentenced

to prison or death.
1870sReformers argued juveniles required
special understanding.
Juvenile court system was set up to re-educate
offenders.
17

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 3: Juvenile Crime

The judicial system has changed the

way it handles juveniles: (continued)
Hearings determine guilt or innocence of juvenile

offenders.
1967Supreme Court granted juveniles the right
of due process.
Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial.
18

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Section 3: Juvenile Crime

Juveniles charged and found guilty

may be placed in a foster home.
may be sent to a corrections facility

like a training school.

may be given probation.
may be sent to a boot camp.
Juveniles charged with felonies are often tried
in adult courts and punished accordingly.
19

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

SECTION 3

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Question:
What happens when juveniles are charged
and found guilty of breaking the law?
juvenile
correctional facility

probation

Juvenile
Punishment
Options
placement in a
training school

20

boot camp

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
HOLT

Chapter16WrapUp
1. Identifyanddescribespecificexamplesoffive
categoriesofcrime.
2. Whataresomecausesofcrime?
3. Whatstepsdoesacriminalsuspectgothroughfrom
thetimeofarresttothetimeofsentencing?
4. Whatarethepunishmentsthataconvictedcriminal
faces?
5. Whatarethepossiblecausesofjuvenile
delinquency?
6. Whatmayajudgedoifheorshefindsajuvenile
guiltyofacrime?
21

HOLT, RINEHART

AND

WINSTON