Appendix A

Useful Vector Formulae

The following operations are described on a scalar and a vector function
and A, respectively.
Cartesian coordinate system (x, y, z):

Gradient = x

+ y
+ z
x
y
z

Divergence A=

A x A y A z
+
+
x
y
z

A y
A
A y
A
A x
A z
+ z

Curl A = x Z
+ y x

z
y
z
x
x
y

Laplacian 2 =

2
2
2
+
+
z 2
y 2
x 2

2 A = x 2 A X + y 2 A y + z 2 A z

485

2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

486
Principles and Techniques of Electromagnetic Compatibility

Cylindrical coordinate system (r, , z):

Gradient = r

Divergence A =

+
+ z
r
r
z
1
1 A
A z
rA r ) +
+
(
r r
r
z

1 A Z
A A r
A Z
+

Curl A = r

z
r
z
r

( )

1 rA
1 A r
+ z

r
r
r
Laplacian:

2 =

1 1 2 2
r
+
+ 2
r r r r 2 2
z

A
2 A
2 A + 2 A r A + z 2 A z
2 +
2 A = r 2 A r 2

r 2
r
r
r 2

Spherical coordinate system (r, , ):

Gradient = r

Divergence A =

Curl A =

1 1

+
+
r
r
r sin

A
1
1 2
1

r Ar +
sin A ) +
(
2
r sin
r sin
r r

r
a
A sin )
(

r sin


A r

1 A r
rA )
+

rA +
(

r sin r
r r

( )

2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

Useful Vector Formulae
487

Laplacian:

2 =

1 2
1


1
2

r
+
sin
+
r 2sin2 2
r 2 r r r 2sin

2
2 A = r 2 A r 2
r

A
A
A r + cot A + cosec +

1
+ 2 A 2
r

A r
A
2
cosec A 2 + 2 cot cosec

1
+ 2 A 2
r

A r
A
2
cosec A 2 cosec 2 cot cosec

2007 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC