BA1404 BA1404F FM stereo transmitter The BA1404 and BA1404F monolithic ICs are stereo transmitters Each IC consists of a stereo modulator that creates stereo composite signals, an FM modulator that creates FM signals, and an RF amplifier. The stereo modulator develops composite signals made up of a MAIN (L+R) signal, a SUB (L-R) signal and a pilot (19 kHz) signal using 38 kHz crystal oscillators. The FM modulator has carriers on the FM broadcast band (75 ~ 108 MHz) The RF amplifier transmits the stereo encoded FM signals and is also a buffer for the FM modulator. The stereo transmitter is equipped with a constant voltage pin for a variable capacitor that is used to finely adjust the Dimensions (Units : mm) BA1404 (DIP18) 9x03. BA1404F (SOP18) huaso2 FM frequency. Features i | | a Connery + available in DIP18 and SOP18 =] a oashs ose packages + low operating voltage range (sles) (1.0 V~2.0 V) * low power consumption, typically 3mA * requires few external components Applications + FMstereo transmitters * Wireless microphones Audio Integrated Circuits Roum 179 @™ 7828999 0012943 637BA1404, BA1404F FM transmitters Block diagram BA1404 \/BAI404F on nour Th ra Tet] cn pur Bie Lae I T ar ons [i] woof} | me osoous fa} ec fi] vee L.feurren pa] mex our [13] px.or our 3] woo m Fer Table 1 Pin description Pin no. Pin name Description Rech audio input [Connects to the pre-emphasis circuit input amplifier bypass (Connects to the bypass capacitor GND Low frequencies 38 KHz oscillator bypass [Connects to bypass capacitor 38 KHz oscillator [Connects to 38 KHz crystal oscillators | | @| | a] co] ro] = 38 KHz OSC [Connects to load capacitor of crystal oscillator RF output a [Connects to LC resonator |GND High frequency ‘9 [RF oscillator ‘Connects to bypass capacitor 10 _ [RF oscillator Connects to capacitor and LC resonator 11 [Voltage supply [Connects to variable capacitor 12 _ [Modulation signal input [Connects to bypass capacitor and modulated signal source 13 signal output [Connects to RC mixer circuit 14 [Multiplexer signal output [Connects to RC mixer circuit 15 [Voc [Power supply 16 _ [Multiplexer modulator balance (Connects to trimpot resistor 17 [Multiplexer modulator balance (Connects to trimpot resistor 18 [L-ch audio input Connests to pre-emphasis circuit 180 mm 7828999 0012944 573 ROM Audio Integrated CircuitsFM transmitters BA1404, BA1404F Absolute maximum ratings (T, = 25°C) Parameter Symbol] Limits Conditions Power supply voltage Voc 25 Fan oon Reduce power by 12.0 mW for each degree Power above 25°C. dissipation Pa TW | Reduce power by 4.5 mW for each degree IBA1404F 450 labove 25°C. (Operating temperature | Top | 25-475 %G [Storage temperature Trg | -50~ +125 °C Recommended operating conditions (T, = 25°C) Parameter Symbol! Min |Typical! Max Unit Power supply voltage Veo 1 1s [2 Vv Electrical characteristics (T, = 25°C, Voc = 1.25 V) Parameter Symbol] Min | Typical) Max Unit Conditions Quiescent current lo 05 3 my mA’ Input impedance Zin 360 | 540 | 720 Q |fy=1 kHz Input/output gain Gy 30 37 dB [Viy=05 mV ‘Channel balance CB 2 AB [Vy=0.5 mV Multiplexer output voltage | Vom | 200 MV picpk| THD < 3% Multiplexer 38 kHz ~ Neekiage Voo 1 mv_|No signal Pilot output voltage Vop | 460 | 580 MVpk-px [No load [Channel separation Sep 25 45 dB With a standard demodulator input conversion noise | 7 7 voltage | Vwin i LVims_|IHF-A when 38 kHz is terminated RF output voltage | Vosc | 350 | 600 Vins Audio Integrated Circuits RoHmM 181 mm 7828999 0012945 4OTBA1404, BA1404F FM transmitters Figure 1 Test circuit 1 fe Oscillator and RE coil, Ly and Lz ‘Sumida part number: FEM10C-2F6: 1-3 2 1/2t Wire type 0.6 UEW Qo=115 Crystal oscillator=38kHz Kyocera part number KF-38E ] Teta ut on ma. Py by by) Te Leon INPUT’ be 16 Som 10005 1 410 2.7% 339 sae 2209150k [HPX=LP Fv, SEP] 10 3p 1; 4 ANTO—hse it he] {pit |: I fon neUT 2] [fs Th mrp; eet i a Te Ee Se Fe 4% 8 23 t a [E at oe 11: 086 CON. Sumida part umber 190-3F8 31727 2: ANT COIL Sumisa part number 10C-9F 91/27 ‘36k Crystal oscar Kyocera KF-26= Unt resistance '@ Capacitor: oF 0.01 Ssemess| 182 Rom Audio integrated Circuits @ 7828999 0012946 345FM transmitters BA1404, BA1404F Circuit operation ‘Stereo modulator ‘The R-channel audio is input from pin 1 and the L-channel from pin 18. Each audio signal is amplified about 37 dB by independent amplifiers and output to the multiplexer. The 38 kHz crystal oscillator, connected between pin 5 and pin 6, creates a 38 KHz subcarrier and a 19 kHz pilot signal with the same phase but delayed by a 1/2 cycle. The audio signals and the 38 kHz subcarrier are balanced and modulated in the multiplexer. The L + R signal and the 38 kHz subcarrier, which are a DSB-modulated signal at L-R, are added to create the main carrier, which is output from pin 14. The potentiometer between pins 16 and 17 can be used to lessen the subcarrier leakage due to unbalance in the multiplexer. Mae Qnannat : & 075: Baar Ss 8 185 i” isi ass MoDULATONFREGUENGY (M2) ono@— I Figure 3 Modulation spectrum Figure 4 FM modulator of pilot tone FM modulator The high-frequency oscillator is a collector tuning-type or Collpits oscillator as shown in Figure 4. The composite signal is input from pin 12 to the base of the transistor. By adding the audio signal to the base, the reactance of the transistor changes. By changing the time constant of the tuning circuit in the oscillator, the frequency is modulated. The oscillation frequency is determined by the LC resonator that is connected between pin 10 and the Veg. Because this oscillator does not compensate for Vg fluctuation and temperature changes, the frequency changes are large, and, when the receiver is part of a synthesizer (digital tuning) system, tuning should be separated from Vg. Itis suggested that you use a variable capacitor (AFC) system, or an external FM modulator when frequency stability is required. Audio Integrated Circuits Roum : 183 mi 78285959 0012947 282 mmBA1404, BA1404F FM transmitters Itis possible to change the oscillator frequency with the DC voltage by using the stable output voltage on pin 11 and a variable capacitor as shown in Figure 5. Pin 11 voltage is approximately (Voc-0.7) V. Figure 5 Setting oscillator frequency using pin 11 cL 180kq_3—100F I robe . 0.01 9F a s¥0321 Sawyo High-frequency amplifier The high-frequency amplifier is a single-stage amplifier with its emitter connected to ground, as shown in Figure 4. The RF output (on pin 7) is connected to the tuning circuit of the antenna by an open collector. Other application examples and operation precautions Not operating the FM modulator Unused pins should be connected as follows: 7 Veo 8 GND 9 open 10 Voc 1" open 12 Veo In particular, do not leave pin 7 and pin 10 open. If this is done, the transistor may be saturated and other components will operate poorly. Operating monaurally Unused pins should be connected as follows: 4 open 5 GND 6 open 13 open The other pins should be connected as shown in the application circuit in Figure 2. In particular, do not leave pin 5 open. This will cause parasitic oscillation that will appear as noise on pin 14. Pin 1 should be used for audio input 184 Roum Audio Integrated Circuits M™ 7828999 0012948 115FM transmitters BA1404, BA1404F When operating only the FM modulator Unused pins should be connected as follows: 1 open 13 open 2 Voc 14 open 4 open 16 open 5 ‘open 7 ‘open 6 GND 18 ‘open Multiplexer balance Even if the resistor between pin 16 and pin 17 is not connected, the IC has its own capability of achieving multiplexer balance. If no resistor is connected, however, there is a decrease in gain of approximately 1.5 dB in the input amplifier. Crystal oscillators ‘To generate the 38 KHz carrier, use crystal oscillators. The recommended part is Kyocera KF-38E. Start-up takes some time after the 38 kHz oscillator has been powered up. With a recommended load of 10 pF for the crystal oscillator, startup time is approximately 1.5 s. When the load is 33 pF, startup time is about | s. The startup time will not be reduced for loads greater than 33 pF. RF oscillator The built-in RF oscillator is an LC-resonator. When an absolutely stable frequency is required, use an extemal FM modulator. For an extemal modulator, separation adjustment is made with the RC tuner on pin 13. The buil in FM modulator can be operated in the 30 ~ 110 MHz range. The RF oscillator frequency drift following power-up of the power supply becomes small when the Voc is low. The frequency drift after 5 s is as follows: Voc (V) Drift (kHz) 1.25 85 2 85 3) 130 Noise Be sure to connect a 1000 pF capacitor between pin 1 and ground. Do the same for pin 18. This prevents the S/N ratio from deteriorating due to high frequencies. Audio Integrated Circuits Rom 185 @™ 7828999 0022949 O55 mmBA1404, BA1404F FM transmitters If beats or noise are present on the output, and the input capacitors are in place, the noise may be due to the third or higher harmonics from the pilot signal and the subcarrier. Look for a 57 kHz signal. This can be removed by adding a filter as shown in Figure 6 When 15 kHz or greater signal is input, it causes a beat on the pilot signal (19 kHz). In addition, high frequency signals are particularly large because of the pre-emphasis of high frequency signals. Therefore excessive input of 15 kHz frequencies or more should be limited before input to the IC. Figure 6 Beat frequency filter Expanding the dynamic range of the multiplier When the Voc is raised, the dynamic range of this IC expands. The input amplifier and the multiplier bias point are not set at 1/2 Voc, however. This is why the top of the wave form is clipped beforehand. The maximum input voltage is approximately ~60 dB (1 mV,ms). To make the waveform symmetrical, a resistance of 3.6 Kis inserted between pin 2 and ground. This increases the maximum output voltage by approximately 6 dB. In this case, however, the voltage characteristic deteriorates to 1.5 V. Figure 7 Lech input 18pin tpn Method for limiting input voltage Input control can be carried out using the preamplifier IC and the ALC of the BA3312N. Please see the BA3312N application notes for the constant. 186 nonm ‘Audio Integrated Circuits mm 7828999 0012950 877FM transmitters BA1404, BA1404F Electrical characteristic curves 19 i i. 5 i 7 ICOce io 1 7 f o T % ! ser wath: econ ee Figure 8 Figure 9 v9 ng T - i in al t i. jy he § i | i i «| ged 3 tN ——> 2s 9.95; —_7 + SUPPLY WaLTAGE ec) sureut wurst) Figure 10 Figure 11 oy T ver av ran veriaw |? et a oso i i 4 | je sos be + a me 3 Peta if Fr i . : ar i. | : 7 1 a a on ee Tint rere) ‘ASE TEMPERATURE aE) Figure 12 Figure 13 Audio Integrated Circuits @ 7828999 0012951 703 187