PRESENTATION ON

RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF

SCALE

SUBMITTED TO: Department of business

management
DR. Y.S. PARMAR UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE
AND FORESTRY NAUNI SOLAN (HP) 173230
Measurement in research

Definition-measurement is a process of
mapping aspects of a domain onto
other aspects of a range according to
some rule of correspondence.2
Classifcation of scale
 A) nominal scale
 B) ordinal scale
 C) interval scale
 D) ratio scale
 Reliability of test scores
 Stability and test worthiness of score depend upon the
degree to which the score is an index of true ability.

 METHODS TO MEASURE RELIABILITY

A) test retest (reception) method- the test is given &
repeated on the same group & correlation computed
between first & second set of scores.

B) alternate and parallel form method- here the

correlation between form a & form b taken as a
measure of the self correlation of the test. The co
efficient becomes an index of the equivalence of two
forms of test.
Cont..
 C) the split half method- it is to make up two
sets of scores combining alternate items in the
test.

 D) the method of rational equivalence- the

method of rational equivalence represents an
attempt to get an estimate of the reliability of
a test, free from the objections raised against
the method out- lined above.
The effect upon reliability
of lengthening or
repeating a test
 1) the reliability coefficient from several
application or repeatition of a test.
 2) the spearman brown formula applied
to ratings.
 3) lengthening the test to attain a
desired degree of reliability.
 4) precautions to be observed in using
the prophency formula.
Reliability in terms of true
score and measurement
errors
 1) the reliability co-efficient as a
measure of true variance.
 2) estimating true scores by way of
regression equation & the reliability
coefficient.
 3) the index of reliability.
 4) the standard error of an obtained
score.
Other factors
 A) when is the reliability coefficient
satisfactory.
 B) the effects of different ranges
upon reliability.
 C) reliability of speed test.
 D) reliability at different parts of
the test range.
The validity of test scores
1) determining validity by means of
judgements.
2)determinig validity experimentally.
3) factorial validity.
4) validity and the length of a test.
Four approaches to
validation of scale
 A) logical validation.
 B) jury opinion.
 C) known groups.
 D) independent criterion.
REFERENCES
 BOOK- STATISTICS IN PSYCHOLOGY & EDUCATION
 1) HENRY E. NARETT, PH.D
 2) R.S. WORDWORTH

 METHODS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH

 1) WILLIAM J. GOODE
 2) PAUL K. HATT

 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY METHODS AND TECHNIQUES

 C.R. KOTHARI