Tun: 13

Tit: 40
Ngy dy:14/11/14

Chng II: S NGUYN

1. LM QUEN VI S NGUYN M TP HP CC S NGUYN
I. MC TIU:
* Kin thc: Bit c nhu cu cn phi m rng tp N. Bit c tp hp s nguyn, im biu
din s nguyn a trn trc s, s i ca s nguyn.
* K nng: Nhn bit v c ng cc s nguyn m qua v d thc tin. Bit cch biu din cc s
t nhin v cc s nguyn m trn trc s. Bc u c th hiu c rng c th
dng cc s nguyn ni v cc i lng c hai hng ngc nhau.
* Thi : Yu thch mn hc. Bc u c thc lin h bi hc vi thc tin.
II. CHUN B:
- HS: Xem trc bi, thc k c chia n v.
- GV: Nhit k c chia m, hnh v biu din cao (m, dng, 0)
Thc k c chia n v.
III. TIN TRNH BI DY:
1. n nh
2. Kim tra
3.Tin hnh bi mi
GV gii thiu s lc v chng S nguyn. (4 pht)
GV yu cu HS thc hin cc php tnh: 4 + 6; 4 .6; 4 - 6
GV gii thiu nhu cu phi c mt loi s mi. l ni dung ca chng ny.
Hot ng ca thy
GV: Trong mi gia nh thng
c mt thit b quen thuc l
nhit k dng o nhit .
GV: Chiu Slide nhit k
GV: Trong thc t bn cnh cc
s t nhin ngi ta cn dng cc
s t nhin c du tr pha trc
(nh ta quan st). Cc s c
gi l s nguyn m
GV: Gii thiu cch c v cch
vit s nguyn m.
GV: Thc t s nguyn m dng
trong cc lnh vc g? Chng ta
cng nghin cu cc v d sau.
I. Lm quen vi s nguyn m
1. Cc v d
GV: Gii thiu cc v d tng
t sgk.
(Chiu Slide) v d 1
GV: - Nhit ca nc ang
tan l 00C
- Nhit nc ang si l
1000C
- Nhit trong ngn lnh
ca t lnh l di 00C

Hot ng ca tr

Kin thc

- Tr li theo s hiu bit vn

c.

I. Lm quen vi s nguyn m
-Nghe ging.
1. Cc v d:
- c phn v d 1 (sgk: tr 66) a) V d 1
v thc hin ?1 .
Nhit 3 di 00C vit l
30C (v c l m ba C hoc tr
ba C).

V d nhit 3 di 00C vit

l 30C (v c l m ba C
hoc tr ba C).
+ hiu hn v nhit m ta
cng lm ?1 trong SGK/66
Nh vy s nguyn m trong
v d trn ch nhit di 00C,
vy s nguyn m cn dng
trong lnh vc g? Ta cng sang
v d 2
+ Chiu Slide
o cao thp cc a im
khc nhau trn Tri t ngi ta
ly mc nc bin lm chun.
+ Quy c mc nc bin l 0m
+ Khi cao nguyn c Lc c
cao trung bnh trn mc nc
bin l 600m. Ta ni cao
trung bnh ca ca cao nguyn
c Lc l 600m
+ Thm lc a Vit Nam c
cao trung bnh thp hn mc
nc bin l 65m. Ta ni cao
trung bnh ca thm lc a Vit
Nam l -65m
+ hiu hn v cao ca cc
im khc nhau ta cng thc hin
?2
Nh vy s nguyn m trong
v d trn ch cao di mc
nc bin, vy s nguyn m cn
dng trong lnh vc g? Ta cng
sang v d 3
+ Nu ng A c 10000 ta ni
ng A c 10000
+ Nu ng A n 10000 ta ni
ng A c -10000
+ hiu hn iu ny chng ta
cng thc hin ?3
GV: Khng nh li ngha ca
s nguyn m trong thc t
thng c s dng trong
trng hp no ?
+ Chiu Slide nhit k
+ Chng ta quan st nhit k trn
hnh v. Nu cc s ca nhit k
biu din trn mt ng thng
th cc s ny nm trn trc s
m ta s c hc ngay sau y.
2. Trc s
GV: Gii thiu trc s nh sgk.

-Nhit 3 di 00C.

- Hot ng tng t v d 1.

b) V d 2:
+ cao trung bnh ca thm lc
a Vit Nam l -65m

c) V d 3:
+ Nu ng A n 10000 ta ni
?2- cao ca nh ni Phan xi- png l 3 143 mt.
ng A c -10000
- cao ca y vnh Cam
Ranh l m 30 mt, hay tr 30
mt.

- Tng t vi ?3.

2. Trc s:

-3 -2 -1

GV: Gi HS xc nh cc yu

0 1 2

3 4

t ca trc s gm (gc, chiu,

n v).
GV: Cho hc sinh thc hin bi
tp ?4 SGK.
GV: Gii thiu phn ch cch

HS: Lm ? 4.
-

Da vo H. 33

v trc s theo cch khc

GV: Trong thc t ta c th v
trc s thng ng nh hnh 34
SGK.
+ Chiu Slide trc s thng ng
GV : Cc em quan st trc s ta
thy. Cc s 0 ;1 ;2 ;3 ;4 ......l
tp hp cc s t nhin N m ta
c hc, kt hp vi cc s 1 ;-2 ;-3..... l cc s nguyn m
ta va c hc trn lm thnh
tp s mi c tn gi l tp s
nguyn. Chng ta chuyn sang
*) Hot ng nhm: Bi tp da
trn bi 4/68 SGK
II. Tp hp cc s nguyn
1. s nguyn
- Gii thiu tn cc loi s:
+ S nguyn m v tp hp s
nguyn m.
+ S nguyn dng v tp hp
cc s nguyn dng.
+ Tp hp cc s nguyn v k
hiu.
*) ch :
+) s 0 khng l s nguyn m v
cng khng l s nguyn dng.
+) im biu din s nguyn a
trn trc s gi l im a.
? Tp hp N quan h nh th no
vi tp Z.
+ Trong thc t i sng s
nguyn thng c dng khi
no?
+ Chiu Slide
Vy ton hc c bt ngun t
thc t cuc sng v ton hc
cng l mn hc phc v i
sng con ngi.
- Quan st trc s.
- Cc s -1 v 1 cch 0 my n
v?

Chiu m

Gc Chiu dng

- im 0 c gi l im gc ca
trc s.
- Chiu t tri sang phi gi l
chiu dng.
- Chiu t phi sang tri gi l
chiu m.

*) Hot ng nhm: Bi tp *) Hot ng nhm: Bi tp da

trn bi 4/68 SGK
da trn bi 4/68 SGK

- Xc nh trn trc s:
- S t nhin.
- S nguyn m .

II. Tp hp cc s nguyn
1. S nguyn:

Tp hp
...; 3; 2; 1; 0;1; 2;3;... gm:
+) Cc s nguyn m:
...; 3; 2; 1
- Quan st trc s v nghe ging +) Cc s nguyn dng:
.
1; 2;3;...
+) S 0 khng l s nguyn dng
v cng khng l s nguyn m.
- Tp hp N l con ca tp Z .
- Nu nhn xt sgk v v d
minh ho cch s dng s
nguyn m, nguyn dng .

- Quan st v nghe ging .

* Ch : Sgk : tr 69.

V hai s 1 v -1 c gi l 2 s
i nhau.
2. S i:
? Tm v d trn trc s nhng
cp s cch u im 0 ?
- Khng nh l cc s i
nhau .
? Hai s i nhau khc nhau nh
th no.
- Hng dn tng t vi ?4
- Ch : s i ca 0 l 0

2. S i:
- Quan st trc s v tr li cc +) 1 v -1 l hai s i nhau. 1 l
cu hi .
s i ca s -1, ngc li -1 l s
i ca s 1
- V d : 1 v -1 ; 2 v -2 ; 3 v +) S i ca s 0 l 0 .
-3 ..
Vd : 1 l s i ca -1 ; -2 l s i
ca 2

- Khc nhau v du + ,-.

- Thc hin tng t v d .
III. Cng c
+) Chiu Slide

Hs pht biu

III. Cng c

+) Tr chi

Hc sinh cng chi

4. Hng dn hc nh:
- Xem li kin thc hc
- n tp li cch c cc s nguyn
- Lm BT 3, 5 SGK/68
- Lm bi tp 8/70 v 10/71 sgk
- Xem trc 3 Th t trong tp hp cc s nguyn
5. Rt kinh nghim:
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