4e ITS VN

on 44
Nc, Nng lng v Giao thng
H THNG GIAO THNG THNG MINH

Module 4e
Giao Thng Bn Vng : Gio trnh cho cc nh hoch nh
chnh sch ti cc thnh ph ang pht trin
KHI QUT V GIO TRNH

Giao thng bn vng:
Gio trnh dnh cho cc nh hoch nh chnh sch ti cc th ang pht trin
Gio trnh vit v ci g?

Gio trnh v giao thng th bn vng cp v phn
tch nhng mng ti ch cht trong vic xy dng h
thng chnh sch giao thng bn vng nhm pht trin
th. Gio trnh bao gm hn 26 m un, c trnh
by cc trang tip theo. Gio trnh cng c b sung
bi h thng ti liu o to v cc ti liu lin quan
khc (c th c tm thy ti trang web
http://www.sutp.cn, i ngi dng Trung Quc).
Gio trnh phc v nhu cu ca ai?

Gio trnh c xut bn vi mc ch gip
nhng ngi lm chnh sch v c vn ca h trong
vic pht trin th. iu ny c th c thy r
qua ni dung gio trnh, ch yu bn lun v cch
gii quyt hp l i vi hng lot cc ng dng
pht trin th khc nhau. Gio trnh cng rt c
ch i vi cc t chc thin v hc thut (v d nh
trng i hc).
S dng gio trnh nh th no?

C rt nhiu cch s dng, nu in ra, bn ch nn
gi gio trnh ti mt ni duy nht, cc m un
trong gio trnh ny c vit cho cc nh chc
trch lin quan ti giao thng th. Gio trnh c
th c chnh sa mt cch d dng ph hp
vi cc kha hc o to chnh quy ngn hn hoc
phc v mc ch xy dng ni dung ging dy i
vi cc chng trnh o to lin quan ti giao
thng th. GIZ c v ang tip tc hon thin ni
dung o to i vi cc m un c chn lc t
thng 10 nm 2004, c tm thy ti trang web:
http://www.sutp.org hoc http://wwwsutp.cn
Cc c im chnh ca gio trnh?

c im chnh ca gio trnh bao gm:
Gio trnh a ra nh hng v cc ng dng
tt nht trong vic lp k hoch v xy dng h
thng quy chun, gio trnh cn bn lun v
kinh nghim pht trin th thnh cng
trc .
Nhng c nhn tham gia xy dng gio trnh
u l chuyn gia trong nhiu lnh vc
Gio trnh hp dn, d c, bn p.
Gio trnh c vit bng ngn ng phi k thut
( mt mc no ), mi thut ng u c
gii thch trc khi s dng.
Gio trnh c cp nht thng xuyn trn
mng.
Lm th no c bn sao gio trnh?

Bn in t (pdf) ca gio trnh c th c
tm thy ti trang web http://www.sutp.org
hoc http://www.sutp.cn. Do gio trnh c
cp nht thng xuyn, bn in bng Ting
Anh khng sn c. Bn gm 20 m un u
tin vit bng ting Trung c bn ti
Trung Quc, di s ng ca B Thng
Tin, ng thi bn gm mt s m un c
chn cng c bn ti McMillan, n v
Nam . Bt c cu hi no lin quan ti
vic s dng cc m un xin gi v a ch
sutp@sutp.org hoc transport@giz.de.
Nhn xt v phn hi
Chng ti hoan nghnh mi kin nhn xt
hoc xut ca cc bn v bt c phn no
ca cun gio trnh ny, bng cch gi th
in t ti a ch sutp@sutp.org hoc
transport@giz.de, hoc gi th tay ti:
Manfred Breithaupt
GIZ, Division 44
P.O. Box 5180
65726 Eschborn, Germany
Cc gio trnh v m un khc

Cc m un khc, vit v hiu qu nng
lng i vi giao thng th v s tch
hp giao thng cng cng vn ang trong
qu trnh son tho v bin tp.
Ngoi ra chng ti ang pht trin ngun ti
liu b sung, nh CD-ROM v DVD v giao
thng th u sn c (nh c ti ln
trang web http://www.sutp.org mc
nh). Bn c th tm thy cc ng dn
lin quan khc, cc th mc tham kho v
hn 400 bi gii thiu, ti liu lin quan ti
trang
web
http://www.sutp.org
(https://www.sutp.cn dnh cho ngi dng
Trung Quc).
Cc m un v tc gi:
(i) Kht qut cun sch v nhng vn chnh ca
giao thng th (GTZ)
nh hng chnh sch v t chc

1a. Vai tr ca giao thng vn ti trong
chnh sch pht trin th ( Enrique
Penalosa)
1b. T chc giao thng th ( Richard
Meakin)
1c. S tham gia ca b phn t nhn trong
vic cung ng c s h tng giao thng
vn ti th ( Christopher Breithaupt,
MIT)
1d. Cc vn kin kinh t ( Manfred
Breithaupt, GTZ)
1e. Nng cao nhn thc x hi v vn
giao thng th bn vng ( Karl
Fjellstrom, Carlos F.Pardo, GTZ)
K hoch s dng t v qun l nhu

cu
2a. K hoch s dng t v giao thng
th ( Rudolf Petersen, Wuppertal
Institute)
2b. Qun l di ng ( Todd Litman, VTPI)
Vn ti cng cng, xe p v i b
3a. Cc la chn cho loi hnh giao thng cng
cng trn din rng
3b. Trm xe but tc cao ( Lloyd Wright, ITDP)
3c. Lp k hoch v qui tc xe but ( Richard
Meakin)
3d. Gi vng v m rng vai tr ca vn ti khng
ng c ( Walter Hook, ITDP)
3e. Pht trin giao thng vn ti hn ch t (
Lloyd vWright, ITDP)
Phng tin v nhin liu

4a. Nhin liu sch hn v Cng ngh phng
tin vn ti ( Michael vWalsh; Reinhard
Kolke, Umweltbundesamt- UBA)
4b. Gim st, bo dng v an ton ca
phng tin( Reinhard Kolke, UBA)
4c. Cc phng tin vn ti 2 bnh v 3 bnh (
Jitendra Shah, ngn hng th gii; N.V.Iyer,
Bajaj Auto)
4d. Phng tin s dng xng t nhin ( MVV
InnoTec)
4e. H thng giao thng thng minh( Phil Sayeg,
TRA; Phil Charles, i hc Queensland)
4f. Li xe thn thin vi mi trng ( VTL;
Manfred Breithaupt, Oliver Eberz, GTZ)
Nhng tc ng v mi trng v
sc khe con ngi
5a.Qun l cht lng khng kh ( Dietrich
Schwela, t chc y t th gii)
5b.An ton ng b th ( Jacqueline
Lacroix, DVR; David Silcock, GRSP)
5c.Ting n v bin php gim bt ( Civic
Exchange Hong Kong; GTZ; UBA)
5d.CDM trong lnh vc giao thng ( Jurg
M.Grutter)
5e.Thay i thi tit v giao thng ( Holger
Dalkmann; Charlotte Brannigan, C4S)
Ti liu tham kho

6. Ti liu tham kho cho cc nh hoch nh
chnh sch( GTZ)
Cc vn xuyn sut v cc vn
x hi v giao thng th
7a. Giao thng kiu mu v giao thng th :
Thng minh v ph hp vi ti tin ngi tiu
dng (Mika Kunieda; Aime Gauthier)
7b. Nhng thay i v x hi v giao thng th
( Marie Thynell, SGS-UG)
V tc gi
Tc gi Phil Sayeg l ngi c chuyn mn trong lnh
vc qui hoch v qun l giao thng c 30 nm
k t khi tt nghip. Cc khch hng ca ng bao gm
mi tng lp t chnh ph Australia, chnh ph
nc ngoi n cc t chc quc t v cc cng ty t
nhn. Vi t cch l cu gim c ca mt cng ty t
vn ln Australia, ng ph trch qun l cc hot
ng Thi Lan trong 3 nm sau khi thit lp cng ty
ring ca mnh ti Bangkok v chi nhnh ti Brisbane,
Australia. Hin ng vn cn duy tr mi quan h vi
cc ng nghip chu ca mnh, lm vic bn thi
gian vi Ngn hng Th Gii vi t cch l nhn vin
t vn ti mt s quc gia chu , v cn cng tc vi
rt nhiu cc khch hng quc t khc.
Trong nhiu nm lm vic, Phil Sayeg chuyn nghin
cu v cc th chu v cc hot ng vn ti
thng mi trong khu vc, h thng giao thng thng
minh ITS, cc vn mi trng lin quan n giao
thng, v nhng nh hng gy ra do thay i kinh t
x hi v pht trin Chu ln nhu cu vn ti trong
tng lai.
Gio s Phil Charles l gim c trung tm chin lc
giao thng, i hc Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
ng c trn 30 nm kinh nghim trong lnh vc
nghin cu v vai tr chin lc ca giao thng vn ti
v l ngi chu trch nhim v chin lc giao thng
v nhng khi xng v chnh sch trong phm vi
Australia v quc t. L ngi c chuyn mn v
nhiu kinh nghim trong pht trin chin lc giao
thng, bao gm c pht trin v qun l c s h
ii
tng, h thng giao thng thng minh v an ton

ng b, giao thng v qun l s c, phn tch
chin lc v d on tnh hnh, cng c t chc,
thnh tho trong vic pht trin v hoch nh
thng mi, bao gm c nh gi th trng cho cc
cng ngh giao thng vn ti mi ra i. ng hin
ang m nhn nhng vai tr ny ti pha Ty
Australia v l nh chc trch ph trch vn
ng b ti New South Wales, vi t cch l gim
c iu hnh hip hi quc gia, c vn qun l cho
Booz Allen v Hamilton v nh mt phn ca trung
tm nghin cu ti i hc. Gio s Charles c
trnh i hc v sau i hc trong lnh vc k s,
qun l thng mi v cng cng.
Phil Sayeg v gio s Phil Charles cho ra i
cun s tay h thng giao thng thng minh ti
Australia xut bn nm 2003 v cc gi thng tin
c chnh l li hng qu. Hin nay h vn ang c
nhng ng gp ht sc quan trng cho s pht
trin ca h thng ITS u tin Bangkok, Thi lan.
Li cm n: Nhm tc gi gi li cm n n
David Panter, ngi gip chng ti trong mt
s phng din ca cun ti liu ny.
Module 4e
H Thng Giao Thng

Thng Minh
Nhng tm ti, gii thch v kt lun c
a ra trong cun ti liu ny l da trn
nhng thng tin thu thp bi GTZ v cc c
vn, ng nghip v cc tc gi. Tuy nhin,
GTZ khng m bo chnh xc hay hon
thin ca nhng thng tin trong cun sch
ny, v cng khng chu trch nhim cho
bt c sai lm, thiu st hay mt mt no
xy ra khi s dng cun sch ny.
Tc gi: Phil Sayeg

(Hi ngh bn trn v giao thng vn ti Australia)
Gio s Phil Charles
(Trung tm chin lc giao thng,
i hc Queensland)
Bin tp: Deutsche Gesellschaft fr
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
P. O. Box 5180
D - 65726 Eschborn, Germany
http://www.gtz.de
Phng 44, C s h tng v Mi trng
n ngnh "Transport Policy Advisory Services"
Thay mt cho
Bundesministerium fr wirtschaftliche
Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (BMZ)
Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 40
D - 53113 Bonn, Germany
http://www.bmz.de
Qun l: Manfred Breithaupt
Chnh sa: Manfred Breithaupt, Armin Wagner
Ph trch in n: Karin Romark/Thomas Derstroff
ERP Gantry, Singapore, Sept. 2003
Trnh by: Klaus Neumann, SDS, G.C.
Eschborn, March 2005
(Bn duyt li thng 6 2009)
iii
1. Gii thiu
2. Miu t v cng ngh v ng dng ca ITS
2.1. ITS l g?
2.2. Miu t nhng dch v ca ITS
2.3. Tnh tin phong ca dch v ITS
2.4. Cng ngh ITS ni bt
2.5. ITS c nhng khc bit no so vi kt cu c s h tng giao
thng thng thng
3. ITS tr gip pht trin cc thnh ph nh th no?

3.1. c im chung v tnh hnh giao thng vn ti ti cc thnh
ph ang pht trin
3.2. ITS c th h tr mang li nhng kt qu ng kinh ngc
4. Tnh hnh trin khai ITS ti cc thnh ph

4.1. Tnh hnh hin nay
4.2. La chn ITS ph hp vi qui m tng thnh ph
5. Xy dng khung chun cho ITS

6. Lp k hoch v thc hin
6.1. Lp k hoch ITS
6.2. Chi ph v li nhun khi s dng ITS
6.3. Qun l v trin khai n
6.4. Hot ng v qun l
6.5. Cp vn ITS
6.5.1. Ngun ti tr t chnh ph
6.5.2. Ngun ti tr t nhn
6.5.3. Ngun ti tr kt hp
7. Thch thc
7.1. Nhn thc l cn thit nhng s hiu bit l ti quan trng
7.2. Khun kh chnh sch giao thng mnh m v c ch th ch
cn thit
7.3. Lin kt hot ng l rt quan trng
7.4. D tho ngn sch v mua bn
8. Chin lc gii quyt cc kh khn

9. Tham kho
10. Cc ngun thng tin
Ph lc A:
Cc xu hng ton cu v h thng giao thng thng minh
Ph lc B: Bng ch gii thut ng
Module 4e: H Thng Giao Thng Thng Minh
1. Gii thiu
p dng cng ngh tin tin h tr vic qun l
dng phng tin tr nn ph bin trong hn 70
nm qua vi nhng n lc ban u trong vic kim
sot tn hiu giao thng cc ng t v khu vc
giao ct ng st ti M v chu u.
Nhng nh sn xut phng tin pht trin cc
cng ngh tin tin to ra loi phng tin an
ton hn, thoi mi hn, gim p lc khi li xe. Rt
nhiu cng ngh tng t c th thy xe bus v
cc on tu. Nhng cng ngh tin tin c p
dng ngy cng nhiu trong vic qun l nhng
mng li giao thng cng cng ln, v trong vic
cp nht thng tin im n ca xe bus v tu cho
hnh khch.
Trong lnh vc vn ti hng ha, mt lot nhng
cng ngh c p dng vic di chuyn ca
cc phng tin tr nn d dng hn v tr gip
nhng giao dch thng mi nhng l mt b phn
ca chui cung cp.
Nhn chung, nhng cng ngh gi c bit n
vi ci tn h thng giao thng thng
minh(Intelligen transoprt system - ITS). Khi
c p dng mt cch cn thn, ITS c th to ra
h thng giao thng an ton hn, an ninh hn,
thun tin hn, v gim tc ng n mi trng.
Mc ch ca m-dun ny l gip ngi a ra
quyt nh v nhng c vn ca h hiu ci g nn
cn nhc c th to phng n s dng ITS tt
nht; c hi v nhng th thch g i vi ITS c
th a ra; v lm th no gii quyt v tn dng
tt nht nhng th thch v c hi .
Ni dung chnh ca m un ny trong cun Source
Book l ITS m c th l cc ng dng ca ITS
h tr khi nim giao thng bn vng bng vic
khuyn khch nhng kt qu ng mong i di
y tm ra s ng thun chung:
Gia nhp d dng , nng cao tnh c ng,
bao gm c vic gim nhu cu ca vn ti c
gii c nhn; v ci thin phng thc phn
chia theo s thch c th l i b, di chuyn
qua cc a im, v i bng xe p.
Hiu qu v nng sut vn ti c nng
cao.
ton v an ninh c nng cao
An
Tc ng ti mi trng c gim thiu v
kh nng thch nghi c nng cao, c bit
l trong cc trung tm thnh ph ng c.
Hnh 1
Qun l dng phng tin
trong th l th thch
then cht ca th k 21
Jan Schwaab, Mexico-City 2002
GTZ Urban Transport Photo CD
iu nhn y l vn ti ng b trong thnh ph, v

nh ng st l mt cng ngh hon thin hn, v l c
hi ln nht c th c to ra trong vic ci thin vn
ti ng b v kt ni vi nhng phng thc khc.
Tuy nhin ITS khng phi l liu thuc cho mi vn
giao thng ca cc vng v trong th. ITS khng th
thay th nhu cu cn c chnh sch giao thng ng n
v s chun b ca cc c quan c thm quyn v h
thng c s h tng tng xng.
Thch thc i vi cc thnh ph v ang pht trin
l phi hiu c ITS c th tr gip vic qun l h
thng giao thng ca h nh th no, a ra nn tng
cho s pht trin tin b v ng b ca ITS, v pht
trin kinh nghim v nng lc thc t ca ITS, nh l
mt ngi mua cng ngh ITS, v cng nh l nh qun
l mt h thng giao thng- c s dng mt vi ng
dng ca ITS.
Khi nhn vo kinh nghim quy hoch v thc hin ITS
ca cc nc pht trin rt nhiu thnh ph ang pht
trin th chng ta hon ton c th tin vo ITS. Tuy
nhin, cng c kh nng cho nhiu thnh ph ang pht
trin pht trin cc phng n tip cn ring ca h- ci
m tn dng c u im, hay thch hp hn vi nhng
Giao thng bn vng: Gio trnh dnh cho cc nh hoch nh chnh sch ti cc th ang pht trin
iu kin ca ring h, v nh h c th hc hi
kinh nghim t ni khc v to ra bc nhy trong
s pht trin bng cc trin khai c hiu qu hn
v mt kinh t.
T khi bn in u tin ca m-un ny c xut
bn vo u nm 2005, s nhn thc v ITS v cc
cng ngh lin quan gip ch cho nhng ng
dng giao thng nhng vng ph bin cng
gy c n tng. Cng ngh xc nh v tr xe
t, ngi i b, vn ng vin th thao trn nhng
chic in thoi di ng hay l trn cc thit b
GPS chuyn dng c mt khp mi ni v l
hng tiu dng. Nhng chic in thoi di ng
c s dng rng ri trong giao thng trn khp
cc nc ang pht trin, thm ch bi nhng ti x
xe lam n duy tr lin lc vi gia nh v
tng thu nhp. Cc ng dng ca nhng chic
th thng minh tr nn ngy cng ph bin
vic s dng h thng giao thng cng cng tr
nn thun tin hn trong cc thnh ph v ang
pht trin v cho cc c ch chi tr ca cc h
thng cho thu t v xe p cc thnh ph pht
trin.
2. Miu t v cng ngh v ng

dng ITS:
2.1 ITS l g?
V c bn, ITS l s kt hp gia tnh ton, cng
ngh thng tin v vin thng c lin quan ti
chuyn ngnh giao thng vn ti. Cc cng ngh
ITS ni bt c a ra t nhng xu hng pht
trin ch o ca nhng ngnh ny. ITS, v vy, c
th nh ngha l ng dng ca nhng cng ngh

tnh ton, thng tin v lin lc trong vic qun l xe
c v cc mng li c lin quan n s di chuyn
ca ngi v hng ha trong thi gian thc
2.2 Miu t v ng dng cho ngi s

dng ca ITS
Giao thng, v cc h thng lin kt ITS, bao gm 3
b phn hp thnh sau:
C s h tng c trn v di b mt (nh l h
thng tn hiu giao thng, lin lc, in ton, trm
thu ph, cm bin);
Phng tin cc loi phng tin, c trng an
ton, mc s dng in t v in ton tin tin;
Yu t con ngi cc hnh vi, s thch v vic s
dng cc loi hnh giao thng, v nhng qui tc bt
buc.
. Ni chung vic miu t mt lot cc ng dng tim
nng ca ITS, hay l nhng dch v cho ngi s
dng lin quan ti cc yu t v c s h tng,
phng tin, v con ngi c th hin bng 1.
Danh sch ca 44 dch v cho ngi s dng trong
11 nhm dch v cho ngi s dng c nh ngha
bi T chc tiu chun ha quc t (ISO). Ngi s
dng bao gm c nhn, ch cc on xe, ch doanh
nghip, ch h thng c s h tng giao thng. Phn
ln nhng dch v cho ngi s dng ny hay l cc
ng dng thng khng thc hin mt cch tch bit
do tnh iu phi v ph thuc ln nhau gia chng (
Chen v Miles 2004).
Mt cu trc ITS l b khung cho s pht trin, quy
hoch, trin khai v vn hnh ITS hp nht. Cu trc
quc gia theo logic ITS ca M nh ngha nhng
hot ng v chc nng c yu cu cho nhng
dch v cho ngi s dng ca ITS l 9 nhnh chc
nng( Hnh 2). Chng bao gm chc nng ca: qun
l giao thng, qun l phng tin thng mi, kim
sot v gim st phng tin, dch v khn cp, dch
v cho
hnh khch v li xe, dch v chi tr in t, lu tr d

liu, v qun l xy dng v bo dng.
Nh l mt v d cho mc pht trin nhng dch v
cho ngi s dng ca ITS 2 quc gia c tm pht
trin khc nhau, bng 2 ch ra tnh trng 1 nc pht
trin ln nh l Trung Quc, vi 34 thnh
ph hn 1 triu dn, v c din tch khng l, nhng

thnh ph tng i thnh vng nh Bc Kinh, Thng
Hi, v Qung Chu. Bng cng ng thi ch ra s pht
trin ca ITS Singapore ni c xp loi nh mt
nc pht trin tin tin bi T chc pht trin v hp
tc kinh t (OECD) t nm 1995.
Bng 1: Dch v cho ngi s dng ca ITS

Nhm dch v cho ngi s dng
Dch v cho ngi s dng
Dch v thng tin hnh khch
Thng tin trc chuyn i

Thng tin trong chuyn i
Thng tin dch v chuyn i
Xc nh v tr v hng dn l trnh - Trc chuyn i.
Xc nh v tr v hng dn l trnh - Trong chuyn i
H tr lp k hoch cho chuyn i
Dich v vn hnh v qun l giao thng
Kim sot v qun l giao thng

Qun l bin c lin quan ti vn ti
Qun l nhu cu
Qun l bo dng c s h tng giao thng
Duy tr trt t/ Cng ch
Dch v phng tin
Nng cao tm nhn

T ng ha vn hnh phng tin
Trnh s va chm, xung t.
m bo an ton
Hn ch trc s c
Dch v vn ti hng ha
Trc khi cho cp php chnh thc phng tin thng mi

Cc qu trnh hnh chnh lin quan ti phng tin thng mi.
Thanh tra an ton bn ng mt cch t ng ha.
Gim st an ton cc phng tin thng mi.
Qun l on vn ti hng ha.
Qun l thng tin vn ti lin hp.
Qun l v kim sot cc trung tm vn ti lin hp.
Qun l nhng vn ti nguy him.
Dch v giao thng cng cng
Qun l giao thng cng cng

Giao thng chia s v giao thng theo yu cu
Dch v khn cp
Giao thng lin quan ti nhng cnh bo khn cp v an ninh c nhn

Khi phc sau khi xe b trm
Qun l phng tin dng trong trng hp khn cp
Cnh bo s c v nhng vt liu nguy him
Dch v chi tr in t c lin quan ti

giao thng
Giao thng lin quan ti nhng giao dch ti chnh in t

S hp nht ca giao thng lin quan ti dch v chi tr in t
An ton c nhn c lin quan n giao

thng ng b
An ninh di chuyn chung

Nng cao an ton cho ngi c th b hi tham gia giao thng
Nng cao an ton cho ngi tn tt tham gia giao thng
Cung cp an ton cho ngi i b bng vic s dng ng t v ng dn
thng minh.
Dch v gim st cc iu kin mi

trng v thi tit
Gim st thi tit

Gim st iu kin mi trng
Qun l s liu thm ha
Qun l phn ng li thm ha
S hp tc vi cc c quan khn cp
Dch v lin kt v qun l phn ng li

cc thm ha
Dch v an ninh quc gia

Gim st v kim sot cc phng tin kh nghi
Gim st cc tin ch, kt cu, v h thng ng ng.
S khc bit l ch Singapore b v c ITS ng

nht ni chung rt tin tin trong trong phm vi
bin gii ca h trong khi s pht trin ca ITS
Trung Quc phn b mt cch khng ng u
gia cc thnh ph v vi cc ng dng c trin
khai thnh ph thng trn mt nn tng khng

ng nht. Tuy nhin, thnh ph ln nht Trung
Quc ang d nh pht trin trang thit b ca
ITS ging nh Singapore.
Bng 2: S pht trin ca ITS Trung Quc v Singapore(I)

Nhm dch v cho ngi Trung Quc
s dng
Cc chng trnh thng tin v giao
Dch v thng tin l
thng v vn ti ph bin-ang c
khch
u tin xc tin ti nhiu thnh ph
ln
Hin th nhng thng bo vi ni
dung thay i (VMS) cho hnh khc i
xe bus Thng Hi v mt vi thnh
ph khc. Hin ti, h thng ng nht
v thng tin hnh khch ang c
ln k hoch.
S pht trin ca cc dch v ban
u v nh v i tng (LBS) thng
qua in thoi di ng cng pht
trin Bc Kinh vi s tr gip ca
cc nc chu u (EU).
Mt s thnh ph ln s dng h
Dch v vn hnh v
thng kim sot giao thng th
qun l giao thng
(UTC) v nhng thnh ph nh hn
ch s dng h thng camera quan st
(CCTV)
Camera tc v n ph bin
trong cc thnh ph
H thng qun l s c ng cao
tc.
V d ca vic p dng thu ph ra
vo ( nh l Qung Chu) gi b
ph b. Hin ti, yu cu qun l ang
c xem xt cc thnh ph khc.
S dng n LED trong tn hiu giao
thng ang tng ln.
Singapore
Dch v phng tin
c h thng phng tin tin

tin ph thuc vo nhu cu ca th
trng bi v Singapore nhp khu
mi phng tin
Cc nh sn xut xe ang a ra
h thng dn ng t trong xe.
Bn k thut s v dn ng
ca Singapore v Johor Bahru
honh thnh nm 2002
V d n gin v cc c quan
nghin cu nh l trung tm ITS quc
gia
Cc nh ch to t c th c
trng i gii thiu trong h thng
nh v phng tin nh l k thut s,
bn
Dch v vn ti hng ha Qun l trc tuyn on xe taxi (

Thng Hi) v xe ti (cng ty t
nhn) l ph bin
Nhng i l vn ti hng ha chnh
v nhng cng ty a tin ca quc t
nh UPS, Fedex s dng cc thanh
m ha ca hng ha v trao i d
liu in t (EDI) dn dp ch trng
cho hng ha cc sn bay quc t
ln.
Giao thng I-h thng thng tin giao

thng hp nht: cung cp thng tin
thi gian thc khi c hon thnh.
R sot phng tin- s dng my
d phng tin ( ch yu l taxi)
thu thp thng tin thi gian thc v
iu kin ca phng tin.
Trang web mng li ng
http://www.transistlink.com.sg- cng
thng tin chi tit v thi gian ca xe
bus v lch trnh ca cc on tu.
Mt vi dch v ban u v nh v
i tng (LBS) thng qua in thoi
di ng.
Bao trm 1850 trm, h thng tn
hiu giao thng thng minh n Xanh
( Green Light-GLIDE ) ang di s
iu hnh ca kim sot GLIDE c
quan hp nht vi
H thng c vn v gim st ng
cao tc (EMAS)
Camera thng minh mt J -
nhng im giao ct ( v d nh AID).
LED c s dng trong tn hiu
giao thng
Da vo k hoch kim ch giao
thng c bt u vo nm 1975,
nm 1998, Singapore gii thiu cng
thu ph ng b in t (ERP)
Tt c cc cng ty taxi hin gi u

c h thng qun l/ phi i theo i.
s dng c gii hn cc h thng
ny trong i xe ti
Trao i d liu in t (EDI) c
s dng ti cng v sn bay
Bng 2: S pht trin ca ITS ti Trung Quc v Singapore (II)

Nhm dch v cho ngi
s dng
Dch v giao thng cng
cng
Dch v khn cp
Dch v chi tr in t c
lin quan ti giao thng
An ton c nhn lin

quan ti giao thng
ng b
Dch v gim st cc
iu kin mi trng v
thi tit
Dch v hp tc v qun
l phn ng li thm ha
Cc dch v khc
Trung Quc
Singapore
Qun l i xe bus s dng h thng

nh v ton cu (GPS) bt u vi
thnh ph ln nh l Thng Hi v
Bc Kinh
H thng qun l i xe cnh st c
trang b GPS v nhng ng dng ca
h thng vi phm trc tuyn thnh
ph ln.
H thng tn hiu cp cu trong xe
buchnhs v nh trong xe bus lin
thnh ph.
H thng thu ph t ng c p
dng cho ng st v xe bus nhiu
thnh ph nh Bc Kinh, Thng Hi
Trm thi ph in t (ETC) c m
rng.Trung Quc c nhng n lc trc
tip v ng k chun ha ETC.
Tt c xe bus c trang b h
thng nh v ton cu (GPS)- tt c
cc cng ty xe bus gi c cc h
thng qun l i.
H thng camera quan st (CCTV)

cc trm chung chuyn v cc
thnh ph
Bung tr gip cc trm chung
chuyn.
S in thoi khn cp
H thng camera quan st (CCTV)

thnh ph
Bung tr gip cc trm chung
chuyn.
S in thoi khn cp
Dch v khn cp tin tin hp tc

mt phn vi trung tm kim sot
GLIDE and EMAS ca Singapore
B phn thu ph in t ca k
hoch lp k hoch ti nguyn doanh
nghip (ERP)
H thng th thong minh Ez-Link
cho h thng giao thong cng cng v
hnh thc chi tr cho nhng chi ph
khc bao gm u xe.
Cc trm gim st thi tit, trung tm Cc trm gim st thi tit, cc

kim sot v ITS cc phn ng li trung tm kim sot v ITS phn
trng hp khn cp d dng hn ph ng li cc trng hp khn cp d
bin nh b phn ITS c s dng dng hn
trong cc ng cao tc v quc l
Nhng k hoch hp tc phn ng
li cc thm ha
Nhng k hoch hp tc phn ng

li cc thm ha
H thng camera quan st (CCTV) H thng camera quan st (CCTV)

thnh ph
thnh ph
Bng li xe thng minh- nhiu tnh
thnh c h thng ny v cc d n
chng minh th c a ra
H thng u gi quyn s hu
phng tin c nhn Thng Hi
ging nh giy chng ch c mua
xe ca Singapore. (COE)
Chng ch c php mu axe

(COE) s dng u gi trc tuyn
ginh quyn mua 1 chic xe
Hnh 2:
Chc nng ca ITS
Ngun: Fan et.al.,2007
Monitor Vehicle Status

Freight
On-board Data
Automatic Vehicle Operation
Automatic Emergency Noti cation
Administer
Data Collection
Roadside Facilities
Transit Vehicles and Facilities
Driver
Plan and Schedule Transit Services
Provide Vehicle
Fleet
Monitoring
Transit Vehicle Maintenance
and Control
Highway Rail Intersections
Manage
Transit Security and Coordination
Manage
Commercial
Emissions
Transit Fare Collection
Transit
Vehicles
Travel Demand
Transit Vehicle Operator Schedules
Incidents
Device Control
Traveler Roadside Facilities
Travic Surveillance
Manage
Traf c
M&C Vehicles
Roadway M&C Activities
Work Zones
Manage
Maintenance
and Construction
Environmental Information
ITS
Manage
Archived
Data
Manage
Emergency
Services
Emergency Service Allocation

Emergency Vehicles
Law Enforcement Allocation
Disaster Response and Evacuation
Provide
Electronic
Payment
Provide Driver
and Traveler
Services
Trip Planning Services

ISP Services Data
Traveler Services at Kiosks
Services
Traveler Card Interfaces
Carry-out Centralised Payments Processing
Electronic Fare Collection
Electronic Parking Payment
Electronic Toll Payment
2.3 Dch v u tin cho ngi s

dng ca ITS
Tip tc vi vn ang c cp chnh trong
cun Source Book l gii php pht trin giao thng
bn vng, mt vi nhm dch v u tin cho ngi
s dng ca ITS ( trong c nhiu loi dch v v
ng dng trong mi nhm) cho vic pht trin thnh
ph c xc nh v chng h tr cho:
Thng tin hnh khch tr gip hnh khch a ra
nhng quyt nh tt hn u tin chuyn i ca h
v chnh s thoi mi ca h v s thoi mi ca
nhng ngi hay i lm bng xe bus hay tu v
cung cp thng tin t m hn v d kin thi gian
n ni v nguyn nhn ca s tr hon trong
chuyn i ca h.
Qun l giao thng ( v vn ti) gim nhu cu
i li ca xe c gii ha v u tin cho xe bus, cc
phng tin th s (NMVs) v ngi i b.
Qun l vn ti hng ha tng hiu qu ca vic
vn chuyn hng ha v gim tc ng ca vn ti
hng ha n cng ng
Qun l giao thng cng cng theo hng a
phng thc m bo lm ng theo lch trnh,
gim thp nht tc ng ca s tc nghn cng
nh ng c trong qu trnh hot ng v t
c hiu qu trong vic s dng nhn vin v ti
nguyn.
Chi tr in t trong vic bn v giao thng a
phng thc ( v nh v tch hp s dng th thng
minh v trm thu ph, k hoch chia s t v xe

p nhng cng bao gm ng dng thu ph n tc
nng cao hiu qu v s thoi mi, thun tin
An ton v an ninh bao gm qun l trng hp
khn cp.
Chnh ph c trch nhim i vi cc nhm dch
v cho ngi s dng ca ITS bi l thi im
hin ti, theo mt cch truyn thng chng lin
quan nh l ngi trng coi phn ln cc con
ng, ng st, h thng xe bus v dch v.
Thm ch trong lnh vc qun l on xe thng
mi, trong khi c nhn nhng ngi iu khin
thng c th t quyt nh thc hin ITS hin i
nng cao hiu qu, nhng quyt nh ca h c
th chu nh hng t nhng tiu chun v tuyn
vn hnh v mc kh thi trong cc iu lut ca
chnh ph.
Nhng h thng cho phng tin mi s pht trin
ph thuc vo th trng ca nhng thit b ny v
ITS tin tin ban u s c tm thy trn nhng
chic xe cao cp mi, xe ti v xe bus. Chng
cng c tc ng ti nhng iu lut v tiu chun
thit k xe gm an ton v kh thi.
Hnh 3 a ra v d v nhng ng dng ph bin
ca tng dch v trong nhm dch v c xc
nh trn v hnh 3 cng miu t mt cht v
mc ch ca chng, v chng lm vic ra sao.
Bng 3 cung cp mt tng kt chi tit hn cho
ton b ng dng khc nhau ca cng ngh ITS.
Hnh 3: S minh dch v u tin cho ngi s dng v ng dng ca ITS

Dch v u tin
ng dng i din
cho ngi s dng
Thng tin hnh khch
Thng tin thc a
chc nng
Fig. 3a
Thng tin thi

gian thc
Bus k tip
n trong 2 pht
Tu k tip
n trong 5 pht
Lp k hoch
chuyn i
Trang web phc v

thng tin cng
cng
Mc ch: Tr gip du khch a ra nhng la chn thng minh v lm cho giao thng cng cng ng
chn hn. V d : Hng Kng, Brisbane, London v Berlin
Nguyn l lm vic: thng tin t nhiu h thng giao thng cng cng c trao i vi nhau. Chia s l
trinh v thi gian c s dng ln k hoch cho cc chuyn i qua nhiu loi hnh vn ti. Thng tin
thi gian thc c chia s cc im kt ni v c hin th cho hnh khch. Thng tin ny c s
dng tr hon vic khi hnh nu mt dch v kt ni gn. Mi h thng c th thu thp thng tin
khc nhau bng cc cng ngh khc nhau nhng thng tin c chia s theo mt phng thc chung.
Thng tin thi
gian thc
Fig. 3b
Bus k tip
n trong 2 ph
Mc ch: Thng tin hnh khch thi gian thc c thit k tng mc s dng giao thng cng
cng bng cch tng s tin cy ca dch v v xa b hoi nghi v cc dch v tip theo
V d: Singapore, Brisbane, Strasbourg, London v nhiu thnh ph khc
Nguyn l lm vic: xe bus s dng GPS v ng h cng t mt xc nh v tr ca chng dc theo
chuyn i. Thng tin v v tr c truyn tr li mt h thng s l trung tm c s dng kt ni khng
dy v nh GPRS. H thng trung tm s dng v tr hin ti ca xe bus v v tr n mun n v tnh
ton xem xe bus s mun bao nhiu. Khong sm hay mun c s dng cp nht d
on lc no xe s ti nhng trm khc dc tuyn ng. Thi gian ti ni c hin th trn cc tn
hiu tin nhn thay i cc trm dng, v c th c gi trc tip ti hnh khch thng qua SMS or
mng Internet. tr gip nhng chuyn xe bus mun, vic m thi gian ca tn hiu kim sot giao
thng c th c iu chnh theo thi gian thc cho php 1 chic xe bus c th c thi gian n xanh
lu hn.
Dch v u tin
ng dng i din
cho ngi s dng
H thng thng
tin hnh khch
tin tin (APIS)
To
City
Fig. 3c
30 Min
10 Min
Tn hiu
bn ng
nh v
gn trn xe
D liu v
tc v
tnh trng
n tc
SMS/
WAP
Mc ch: mc ch ca APIS l tc ng ti hnh vi ca ngi li bng vic cung cp thng tin v thi
gian chuyn i theo cc la chn tuyn ng. S dng thng tin ny, ngi li xe c th trnh nhng
ni tc nghn nng, gim ch tc v gip s dng hiu qu hn nng lc ca cc nhnh ng cn liV
d: Nht Bn, chu u, M, mt phn ca chu .
Nguyn l hot ng: Dng phng tin trn cc nhnh ng c xc nh bng vic s dng nhng
vng kn ( v nh ci c s dng trong h thng kim sot tn hiu giao thng) v thm d cc phng
tin vi thit b u vo GPS ( v d xe bus, taxi hay l mt i phng tin). H s di chuyn c pht
trin trong thi gian thc v li xe c khuyn v mc n tc trc khi h i vo mt tuyn ng
no . Thng tin c hin th theo nhiu dng bao gm tn hiu tin nhn thay i bn ng, dn trc
tip ti li xe thng qua cng ngh mng khng dy hoc l ti li xe thng qua SMS hoc Internet.
Qun l giao thng v phng tin
Thu ph n tc
Fig. 3d
OK 002
BAD123
XY Z987
Mc ch: mt trm thu ph s c ng dng trn mt khu vc gim nhu cu i li bng phng tin
giao thng v gim n tc. Giao thng cng cng c u tin s dng nhng ln ng min ph.
V d: Stockholm, London, Singapore. Cng ngh tng t cng ang c s dng rng ri nhiu
thnh ph ca v Na Uy
Nguyn l lm vic: Ngi li xe c nh i vo khu vc thu ph no s phi thanh ton trc mt
khon ph qua in thoi, c th s dng Internet hoc in thoi di ng v tin nhn SMS. Khi mt
phng tin i vo v i xung quanh khu vc n tc th bin s xe s b c bi mt hoc nhiu camera.
Nu ngi ch ti khon c lin quan n chic xe th phi tr ph sau ti khon s b ghi n trn
mc vo. Nu khng c tin trong ti khon, th vic x pht s c ban hnh.
Dch v u tin
cho ngi s dng
Trung tm kim
sot phng tin
v kim sot
phng tin trong
thnh ph
ng dng i din
Fig. 3e
Qun l s c
Kim sot giao

thng tin tin
Thit b kiemr sot trung tm
Kiemr sot tc
Tn hiu tin nhn

thay i
Cm bin
Radio
Mc ch: cung cp mt ni tp trung kim sot v theo di qun l h thng giao thng trong thnh ph v gim chi
ph ca tai nn trn ng v ca h thng phng tin giao thng.
V d: Bc Kinh, London, Madrid, Sydney, Singapore.
Nguyn l lm vic: Trung tm thng c s dng cho vic kim sot tn hiu giao thng, trung tm kim sot gi
cn l mt trung tm phi hp cho vic di chuyn ca phng tin v d liu i ng. Trung tm c th l nhiu c
quan v ng b, giao thng, giao thng cng cng, cnh st, cc dch v khn cp, tt c s dng mt trung tm.
Mt trung tm kim sot hp nht hoc c th thnh lp mt s trung tm chuyn trch vi d liu lin kt vi nhau.
Mt trung tm kim sot hp nht s chia s d liu thng tin v kim sot t nhiu h thng GPS bao gm h thng
kim sot phng tin c lu tr trong my tnh c b sung bi CCTV, thng tin c nhn t qun chng trong
cc s c, h thng thng tin hnh khch thi gian thc (RTPI), h thng qun l giao thng cng cng v vn hnh,
APIS v camera CCTV s hu bi cnh st, phng tin giao thng, ng c trm thu ph v cc c quan khc.
Nhn vin phng kim sot phi hp trng hp khn cp c yu cu v cc dch v giao thng qun l s c,
dng phng tin v an ton. Tn hiu tin nhn thay i c th c s dng cng vi sng v tuyn ca cc chng
trnh pht thanh truyn hnh v cc hnh thc thng tin i chng khc gi ni cng cng hot ng trn tru.
Qun l vn ti
hng ha
Fig. 3f
GPS
Mc ch: nng cao hiu qu vn hnh ca on xe

V d: Anh, M, Nht, o, c, Thy S,v c
Nguyn l lm vic: Phng tin xc nh v tr ca chng bng cch s dng tn hiu GPS. Nhng tn hiu ny c
gi li b phn qun l i xe ni m v tr ca xe c hin th trn bn . Chng trnh phn mm lp s lp k
hoch tuyn i,cho php chic xe ti c i lch hng vi cng vic b sung bng nhng hng dn in t c
gi li ngi li xe. Lch s v tr chi tit c th c lu li phc v cho nhng phn tch sau ny. H thng my tnh
c th gim st tnh trng ca phng tin v bo co gi li nu bt k s kin c th no xy ra..
Dch v u tin
cho ngi s
dng
Chi tr in t
Thu ph in t
ng dng i din
Fig. 3g
Transaction
clearing house
Bank
Mc ch: Th thng minh c s dng nh l mt cch chi tr in t. Nhng chic th ny c th
c np tin cc im thanh ton ( cc ngn hng, ca hng nh) hoc thm ch qua Internet v sau
s dng chi tr cho hng ha v dch v. V d: London, Bangkok, n
Nguyn l lm vic: bng vic kt hp 1 chic th thng minh vi cc chc nng khc nhau nh l mua v
phng tin cng cng hay rng hn l chp nhn thanh ton th. Nhng chic th c th lin h min
ph cho cc ng dng mua v tip xc v truy cp thng tin c nhn cho cc hnh thc chi tr khc. Vic
thc hin ch din ra gia th v bn bn. H thng thanh ton in t khc c th s dng in thoi di
ng mua bn. Tin mua hng s dn li trn ha n in thoi. Ngi bn hng s nhn c tin
t cng ti in thoi.
Trm thu ph in
Fig. 3h
ABC123
Mc ch: trm thu ph in t (ETC) cung cp s tin li hn cho vic thanh ton, yu cu dng li t
hn,gim chi ph vn hnh h thng trm thu ph v hn ch t nht vic d r li nhun do tham nhng khi
so snh vi h thng thu ph thng thng.
V d: CityLink, Melbourne, ng cao tc Malaysia, v cc ng thu ph Brasil.
Nguyn l lm vic: Nhiu h thng s dng th in t ( th ghi) c thit k cho thng tin chuyn dng
trong khong cch ngn (DSRC). Ngi li xe phi tr trc bng ti khon cn gi tr hoc bng th
thng minh hoc l h thng trung tm. Khi mt chic xe i dc mt con ng th tm th c c bi
khung dn c th. Tm th m qu hn th h thng s ghi n vo ti khon c nhn cho qung ng
i vo thi gian trong ngy. Nhng h thng khc s dng cch nhn din s th t ng (APNR)
c bin s xe. S ca chic xe c ni vi trung tm d liu v ti khon ngi s dng b tr i.
Mc gi s ph thuc vo khong thi gian trong ngy. Nu khng c tin trong ti khon hoc khng c
tm th no ph hp hoc khng c s ng k, th camera s nhn din v c bin s xe v mt giy
pht s c gi n.
10
Dch v u tin cho

ng dng i din
ngi s dng
An ton v an ninh
Fig. 3i
H thng kim sot
an ton
CCTV
Rain,
Ice,
Wind
Mc ch: h thng kim sot an ton c thit k gim s ti nn thng qua vic cnh bo li xe v
iu kin ca ng.
V d: chu u, Nht Bn, Trung Quc, v M
Nguyn l lm vic:h thng s dng mt lot cm bin c t bn ng xc nh iu kin mi
trng. Cc d liu cm bin c thng tin ti thiu b x l trung tm v thng l s dng mng thng
tin khng dy. H thng trung tm s quyt nh vic gi cnh bo, ln xe no tip tc c s dng hay
tc gii hn l bao nhiu da trn lut kinh doanh v cc tn hiu tin nhn v tn hiu thay i tc
s c s dng chuyn thng tin ny ti li xe. CCTV camera c s dng buc ngi li xe
phi tun theo gii hn tc v gip vic xc nhn iu kin giao thng v mi trng. Cc thit b gim
st gi, tuyt, sng m v chuyn ng ca phng tin. Sau , h thng trung tm s thit lp vn tc
i trn ng thch hp vi iu kin. tn hiu thay i tc hin th tc hin ti v camera tc t
ng iu chnh bt buc ngi li phi tun theo tc c hin th .
H thng camera
gim st (CCTV) ti
cc trm xe bus v
tu ha.
Fig. 3k
Mc ch: tp trung kim sot cc trm xe bus v sn ga ( v cc khu vc cng cng cng khc) c
th tr gip v phn ng li cc trng hp khn cp nu cn. Rt hu ch khi khng c nhn vin
no trm xe bus hay sn ga.
V d: chu u, Trung Quc, M, c, Malaysia, Thi Lan, Hng Kong, Singapore.
Nguyn l lm vic: nhn vin phng iu khin trung tm s dng h thng camera v c thit b lin
lc tin tin gim st cc khu vc cng cng. Nhn vin trung tm kim sot lin lc vi cnh st v
cc dch v khn cp thng qua cc thit b tin tin. Nhn vin phng iu khin c th a ra thng
bo v hi nu hnh khch cn tr gip. Thng thng, mt chic in thoi khn cp c cung cp
gip hnh khch c th thc yu cu tr gip.
11
Bng 3: Cng ngh v dch v tin phong cho ngi s dng ITS
Nhm dch v
Dch v cho ngi dng V d
cho ngi dng
Thng tin l
khch
Thng tin trc chuyn Nhiu h thng v cng

i, thng tin li xe trong ngh
chuyn i, thng tin giao
thng cng cng trong
chuyn i
Nhiu h thng v cng
Dch v thng tin c
ngh
nhn
nh v v hng dn
trn l trnh
Qun l giao
H tr lp k hoch
giao thng
thng
Miu t
Nhng h thng c th cung cp thng tin v dch v giao thng
cng cng c ln k hoch hoc thi gian chuyn i, hoc v
iu kin thi gian thc c truyn bi Internet, SMS, VMS v
cc loi truyn thng khc. C th mang li s s dng ca mt
vi cng ngh nh l GPS, lin kt khng dy, vv
C th bao gm truy cp Internet n thun ti thng tin v iu
kin i li hoc cc dch v nh v i tng (LBS) nhy bn vi
thng tin ngi s dng, v tr, v s thch. LBS c th mang li s
s dng ca mt vi cng ngh s dng GSM/GPS hoc l ging
nh lin lc in thoi, vv
H thng nh v bn
trong phng tin
H thng nh v bn trong xe cung cp cho ngi iu khin

thng tin v tuyn i tt nht v cp nht iu kin phng tin
nh l cc tai nn.
M hnh v yu cu giao Mt lot cc m hnh tn ti cho vic m phng ton b h thng
thng th, m hnh v giao thng hoc nhng nt giao ct ring l. H thng thng tin
m phng im giao ct, a l GIS c s dng h tr lu tr d liu v phn tch
h thng thng tin a l
GIS cho vic qun l d
liu a l, vv
Kim sot phng tin

Kim sot giao thng trong th (UTC) hoc
kim sot phng tin
trong vng ( ATC)
CCTV-Closed Circuit TV
cameras
VMS-tn hiu tin nhn
thay i- cung cp thng
tin cho ngi s dng
VSL-tn hiu gii hn tc

c th thay i v h
tr lut php
Qut phng tin bng
cc cun cm ng ( trn
mt ng), camera
thng minh quang hc
(pha trn) hoc hng
ngoi ( pha trn)
H thng UTC hay ATC (v d SCATS ca c, SCOOT ca Anh,

v ITAKA ca Ty Ban Nha) v mt lng ln h thng tn hiu
giao thng kim sot bi my tnh c lm ra M, Nht Bn v
cc nc ang pht trin khc. SCATS,SCOOT and ITAKA l
h thng thng minh v linh ng thc hin hon ton nhng yu
cu mt cch nhanh chng. lm vic c hiu qu, vic nng
cp cc cng trnh h tr dn s bao gm c b tr cc im giao
ct, cht lng mt ng v thot nc.
CCTV c s dng xc minh cc s kin bi cc my vn
hnh trung tm qun l giao thng.
C s h tng thit yu thng s dng LED chi ph thp hoc l
cng ngh tn hiu tin nhn c th thay i ci m c nhiu
quc gia ang pht trin tuy nhin cng cn c nhng cng ngh
t hn nh Plasma v hin th LCD tin tin cho vic hin th
thng tin giao thng cng cng. Tn hiu VSM xch tay cng
c s dng hin th thng tin tm thi trn ng v cc
ni tng t
Gii hn vn tc c a ra da trn iu kin giao thng ( nh
l nh sang hoc dng phng tin hng nng) v iu kin thi
tit. Nhng yu cu cho php php lut c th buc ngi tham
gia giao thng phi gii hn tc v a ra bng chng thch
hp nu c nghi ng
Cun cm ng c s dng rng ri v chi ph thp, nhng
chng li km hiu qu ni c bo dng ng km. H
thng tia hng ngoi c s dng mt vi quc gia trng
nhiu nm v khng ph thuc vo iu kin ng. My d
quang hc cng c s dng ngy cng nhiu.
Chi ph cao hn so vi h thng n tn hiu gaio thng truyn

Tn hiu giao thng LED thng nhng chi ph vn hnh t hn bi tiu th t nng lng,
v tn hiu iu tit
tui th lu hn v sng hn.
Qun l s c
Xc nhn v kim tra n

tc v s c s dng
CCTV v gim st bi
trung tm kim sot
Nhng camera k thut s thng minh c trang b nhng

im c a th ph hp gim st n tc v tc phng
tin v cc c tnh. V d camera Autoscope ca M v Cetrac
ca Singapore.
Bng 3: Cng ngh v dch v tin phong cho ngi s dng ITS(II)
Nhm dch v
Dch v cho ngi dng V d
cho ngi dng
Qun l giao
Qun l nhu cu
thng
AVI - H thng t ng H thng AVI xc nh phng tin v ch ng k s dng

nhn dng phng tin phng tin thng qua bin kim sot hoc th nhn dng in t
di dng thit b c gn trn xe (OBU), thit b ny cn c
gi l th hay b thu pht tn hiu
H thng thanh ton, tr C th s dng cc cng ngh tng t nh nhng g c ng
ph in t( xem bn dng trong trm thu ph in t (ETC) dnh cho c khch hng
di mc nhm dch v thng xuyn s dng thit b th OBU v khch hng ngu
thanh ton in t)
nhin khng dng th.
H thng thng tin lin
lc
Kim sot/tng cng

cc qui nh giao thng
Dch v vn
ti hng ha
Qun l vic bo tr c
s h tng
Qui trnh qun l v
tin thng quan cc
phng tin vn ti
thng mi
Qun l s
c khn
cp
Qun l giao thng

cng cng
Sng bn tc , camera ti cc cht n v camera kim

sot ra vo
VMS di ng v cc cng ngh khc c ng dng trong qun
l cng tc thi cng bo dng tm thi, ng thi h tr cc s
kin c bit khc
Trao i d liu in t Trao i d liu in t(EDI), hay khi qut hn l giao dch
thng mi in t, l mt ng dng thit yu gip tin hc ha
vic qun l thng tin phc v trong quy trnh mua sm hng ha,
giao hng ( c th bng tu thuyn, xe ti hoc tu ha, v.v),
chuyn ch, chuyn giao, nhn hng, thanh ton v c th p
ng c cc th tc php l mt cch thun tin. Nhm nng
cao hiu qu cng vic, qui trnh hot ng v giao dch in t
phi c ng b thng nht, bt k hng ha l giao dch trong
nc hay quc t. Bi hin nay trn th trng cng nghip vn
ti v thng mi c rt nhiu dng thng tin l cc ti liu xy
dng c chuyn giao trn nn tng chnh qui, EDI ha hn s
mang li cc khon li nhun y tim nng.
Cng ngh qun l

on xe trc tuyn
(FMS)
S dng thng tin thi gian thc v v tr ca phng tin da trn

h thng nh v ton cu GPS, h thng FMS c th iu hnh,
gim st v qun l mi hot ng ca phng tin.cc h thng
c lin kt c th gim st mc tiu th nhin liu ca phng
tin vn ti, lng kh thi ng thi cung cp cc du hiu c
th kim tra, chn on s c v a ra phng hng gii quyt.
S dng thng tin thi gian thc v v tr ca phng tin da trn
h thng nh v ton cu GPS, h thng FMS c th iu hnh,
gim st v qun l mi hot ng ca cc phng tin. Cc h
thng c lin kt c th gim st mc tiu th nhin liu ca
phng tin vn ti, lng kh thi ng thi cung cp cc triu
chng c th kim tra, chn on s c v a ra phng
hng gii quyt.
Thng bo khn cp v CCTV- h thng

camera quan st
an ton c nhn
CCTV c s dng nhn dng v xc minh vn bng cch

vn hnh trung tm iu phi s c
Qun l phng tin

cp cu
S dng thng tin thi gian thc v v tr ca phng tin da trn h

thng nh v ton cu GPS, FMS c th iu hnh v qun l hot ng
ca cc phng tin cp cu, cung cp li khuyn xc nh l trnh
thun li nht v c quyn s dng tn hiu giao thng u tin
S dng thng tin thi gian thc v v tr ca phng tin da trn h
thng nh v ton cu GPS, FMS c th gim st cc a im chuyn
ch ti trng nguy him
Vt liu nguy him v

thng bo s c
Cng ngh qun l

on xe trc tuyn
(FMS)
Cng ngh qun l
on xe trc tuyn
(FMS)
Giao dch ti chnh in Cc loi hnh cng

Chi tr in t t
ngh/h thng
An ton
Mt s cng ngh thng tin lin lc sn c hin nay nh h thng

thng tin ring tm thp (DSCR) c tn sng l 5.8 GHz; mch
cm ng, hng ngoi. Ghi ch: H quang hc/video c th xc
nh bin s xe kim tra xem phng tin c c php di
chuyn vo khu vc kim sot hay khng hoc ghi li bng
chng vi phm ca phng tin trnh nhu cu thit lp h
thng thng tin ring r gia xe c v th OBU
Cc loi hnh cng

ngh/h thng
Cc loi hnh cng
ngh/h thng
Qun l on xe vn ti
Cng ngh qun l
thng mi
on xe trc tuyn
(FMS)
Dch v vn
ti cng cng
Miu t
Nng cao mc an ton

H thng sang ng
cho ngi tham gia giao
thng minh dnh cho
thng d b tn thng.
ngi i b
Bao gm ETC v cc loi v in t s dng m vch in t v

th thng minh
T ng tm kim ngi i b ti cc ln ng dnh cho ngi
i b sang ng bng cch s dng cng ngh tia hng ngoi
hoc tia c bc sng cc ngn
13
Cc ng dng ca h thng giao thng thng minh tr gip

phng tin th s v ngi i b thng xuyn c nng
cp ci tin h tr cc bin php qun l giao thng lin
quan nh thit lp cc ln ng dnh ring cho xe th s
bng cch a ra quyn u tin ti cc khu vc c chn
la ( v d khu vc khng c php chy xe t). H
thng n giao thng truyn thng c cc pha tn hiu ring
c iu chnh cung cp nhng khong thi gian dnh
ring cho ngi qua ng, hnh 4 l nh minh ha cc pha
n tn hiu dnh cho ngi i b hay s dng cc tn hiu
n thch hp ngn t khng i vo nhng khu vc
hay ng ph nht nh ( hnh 5).
Trc y h thng t ng tm kim phng tin th s
nh xe p ti cc ct n tn hiu c cho l m h
nhng hon ton c th khc phc c, v d bng cch
thit k mch in cm ng ph hp ti cc ct n tn hiu
Hnh 4: Cc pha
n tn hiu cho giao thng. Mt lot cc cng ngh tin tin thng minh c
th c ng dng ti cc trm n nhn bit s c mt
ngi i b ti
ca ngi i b, xe p v ngi khuyt tt ang lu thng
cc ct n tn
hiu ti Brisbane hay gn vch k ngang sang ng ( minh ha Khung
CBD, Australia
1)
Hnh 5: Ro chn t ti li vo khu vc cm t ti

Strasbourg (Ngun: GTZ 2003)
14
Khung 1: S an ton ca
ngi i b v ITS
Tn hiu n cho php ngi i b lu
thng/dng li l mt dng c bit ca thit b
iu tit giao thng gip kim sot giao thng
dnh cho ngi i b. Thng ip lu
thng/dng li cung cp cho ngi i b
nhng thng tin tin cy l (a) c php sang
ng ( khi c tn hiu cho php lu thng )
(b) Khng nn qua ng ( khi tn hiu dng
li nhp nhy), (c) Khng c qua ng (
khi tn hiu dng li bt sng). gp phn
ti u ha hiu qu ca h thng tn hiu giao
thng, rt nhiu thit b c thit k
cho ra i h thng n giao thng thng
minh. Ti cc h thng n ny, ngi i b
c th nhn nt i tn hiu cho php qua
ng bt sng v m bo rng h s c
thi gian bng qua ng.
Tuy nhin c mt vn y l khng phi
tt c mi ngi mun qua ng u nhn
vo nt bm ny. C rt nhiu nguyn nhn
c a ra gii thch cho vic ny. C th
h khng nhn thc c rng bm nt l cn
thit nhn c tn hiu cho php qua
ng bi c rt nhiu tn hiu khng cn phi
bm nt m h thng vn t ng phn phi
mt cch hp l theo chu k nhng thi im
c sang ng. Thm ch khi ngi i b
nhn thc c s cn thit ri th khong
thi gian sau khi nht nt n khi c tn hiu
cho php sang ng bt sng li kh di
khin mt s ngi ngh rng c l h thng
ang b trc trc. Hin nhin l nhng ngi
khuyt tt c th khng nhn ra rng c nt
bm hoc khng tm c v tr nt. Nhng
ngi ang b nhng chn thng nghim
trng th c th li khng bm c nt. Ni
chung d trong trng hp no th kt qu
cng l ngi i b c gng vt n tn hiu
qua ng.
Nhiu cng ngh t ng d tm ngi i b
khc nhau c a ra nh mt phng
tin nhn bit s c mt ca ngi i b,
v v vy ngi y s khng cn phi bm nt
na. Trong bao gm c vic s dng tia
hng ngoi, sng micro v x l hnh nh
video.
Cng ngh tia hng ngoi v sng micro: Mt
my d tm s dng sng micro s pht ra mt
chm nng lng ti mt tn sng c th,
chm tia ny c th pht hin c chnh xc
mc tiu, c bit l kch thc ca vt th
ang c tm kim (v d vt th l mt
ngi i b) l nh hn rt nhiu kch thc
ca cc vt th ang chuyn ng khc ( v d
nh xe c qua li)
Cng ngh tia hng ngoi c lp t v
s dng cho c phng tin v c nhng thit
b tm kim ngi i b trn ng phc tp.
Hiu qu ca cc thit b d tm s dng tia
hng ngoi c th gim xung nu s vt
ng im ti ch.
Cc thit b ny khng th phn bit c hng

di chuyn ca ngi i b cng nh xc nh s
lng i tng ang c d tm.
C thit b s dng tia hng ngoi v thit b sng
micro u lm vic di c ch l s bt tn hiu
cho php qua ng khi mt ngi bc vo
vng tm kim. Ngi i b ch c th c pht
hin khi h ng trong khu vc d tm trong mt
khong thi gian ngn nht nh.
Nhng kinh nghim khi s dng my t ng xc
nh ngi i b: Ti vng quc Anh, Puffin( h
thng tr gip ngi i b qua ng thng
minh v thn thin vi ngi s dng), h thng
ny phn hi li khi nhn c yu cu ca
ngi s dng v khng gy tr hon giao thng
mt cch khng cn thit khi khng nhn thy c
ngi i b. S hin din ca ngi i b l hnh
thc nhn bit ca c ming m cm p lc v
my tm kim hng ngoi c lp t ti cc v
tr qua ng. p lc trn ming m c s
dng cho nhng xc nh ban u ng thi m
bo s khng c ngi sang ng khi cha c
tn hiu cho php lu thng. H thng sang
ng Puffin c th s dng b phn cm bin
ph lin tc tm kim s c mt ca ngi i
b trn di sang ng, iu ny cho php cc
pha tn hiu n c ko di yu cu thi
gian b sung khi bng qua ng. Vic bin i
cc tn hiu tiu chun thnh h thng Puffin ti
Victoria, Australia, gip gim c 10% s
lng ngi i b sang ng khi n tn hiu
cho php lu thng cha bt.
Nhng kt qu tng t cng c ghi li ti
Vaxjo,Thy in. Nhng kt qu ti Thy in
ch ra rng con s cc v xung t xy ra gia
ngi i b v phng tin giao thng gim
sau khi cc my d tm t ng c lp t
H thng PUSSYCAT ca H Lan ( h thng
m bo an ton v tin li cho ngi i b ti
cc khu th trong khi ch tn hiu giao thng)
bao gm mt ming m cm p lc pht
hin ngi i b ang ng ch qua ng,
b phn cm bin hng ngoi nhn bit ngi
i b trong phm vi di i b sang ng v mt
mn hnh hin th bn tri ngi i b. Mc d
ngi i b nhn thc c rng h thng
PUSSYCATS t nht th cng an ton nh h
thng c, nhng rt nhiu ngi ni rng h
khng hiu c chc nng ca ming m.V
v th c n mt na s ngi i b t chi s
dng h thng ny. Cc ng dng tng t
c s dng ti Anh v Php.
Cc thng tin hin nay cho thy vic s dng
my d tm t ng c th mang li nhng li ch
ng k v an ton v iu hnh giao thng khi
c lp t ti cc ct n tn hiu cc nt
giao thng.
Ngun: nh gi ca vic t ng xc dnh ngi i b cc khu vc giao ct
c tn hiu ha.(FHWA 2001)
2.4 Emerging ITS technologies

S ra i ca cng ngh truyn thng ng vai tr v
cng quan trng trong vic to iu kin thun li cho
s pht trin cc ng dng mi ca ITS, bao gm:
H thng thng tin lin lc di ng, c nhn v a
phng tin
Internet
Di thng tin lin lc bng tn cao
H thng thng tin lin lc khng dy
Cc cng ngh ch cht v ni bt khc bao gm:
H thng cm bin v d tm
D tm phng tin
H thng lin lc gia phng tin vi phng tin v
gia phng tin vi c s h tng
Nhng cng ngh ny m ng cho vic thu thp v
ph bin thng tin mt cch chn thc nht ti mi
ngi, chuyn ng ca phng tin v quyt tm tip
cn cc nhn t cha kha hp dn.
H thng cm bin v my d tm l nhng nhn t c
bn trong vic qun l h thng giao thng tin tin
(nhng dch v ban u ca ITS). Mt chui cc bin
php d tm c a ra to nn c bc tranh
ton cnh v mng li giao thng, t my d tm cc
hng phng tin, din tch chim ch ca phng tin
c cc ng dng ph hp vi nhng loi phng tin
c din tch chim ch nhiu, loi phng tin ( v d
NMV- phng tin th s), tc phng tin ( theo
qui nh), n vic phn loi cc loi phng tin (
thun li cho vic thu ph), v.v... Cc cng ngh s dng
my cm bin v d tm ni bt bao gm c video ( thit
b ny vn cn gp phi kh khn khi ng dng trn khu
vc ng quc l), my qut laze ( h thng mi xut
hin), h thng ra-a s dng sng micro ( dng gim
st tc c phng tin ng thi c coi l s la
chn ca cng ngh m bo cho s tng tc gia
phng tin v thit b bn ng, v cc my mc
c trang b tia hng ngoi ( s dng trong ng
hm v mt s thit b tr gip lin lc gia phng tin
vi cc thit b gn bn ng).
Cc ng dng ny tr gip vic theo du phng tin
thng sut mng li giao thng, bng cch s dng
thit b tip sng, in thoi di ng hoc ph bin hn
l nhn din bin kim sot thng qua h thng nhn
dng quang hc trn cc video hnh nh cng l mt
cng ngh mi ni bt. Vic tm kim v tr phng tin
mang li kh nng v vic m rng khu vc tm kim
m khng cn phi tr chi ph lin quan n vic lp t
cc my cm bin truyn thng. ng thi cng ngh
ny cng hin thc ha c mun lu nay ca cc k
s giao thng l n c th pht hin v lin tc cp
nht v tr ca phng tin trn sut cuc hnh trnh.
Thit b d tm phng tin s dng h thng lin lc
khng dy thu thp v ph bin v thng tin thi gian
thc
15
Mc d cc vn php l lin quan n quyn

ring t c th ny sinh khi d tm l trnh v thi
gian di chuyn ca c nhn bng thit b nhn dng
bin kim sot ( xem phn 3.2)
S pht trin ca h thng giao thng thng minh
li ko c s quan tm ca chnh quyn trong
vic tng bc tng dn vic trin khai cc ng
dng ln mt mc cao hn. C th l vic chuyn
i thng tin thi gian thc gia cc phng tin
(phng tin vi phng tin) v vi h thng iu
hnh mng li ng x ( phng tin vi h
thng c s h tng) t n mt tim nng
ng k trong vic gim cc v va chm v gim
thiu tc ng tc ng. H thng hin nay vn
cha tiu chun p ng cho cc ng dng an
ton i hi nhng yu cu kht khe v thi gian
H thng tng tc gia phng tin v c s h
tng c pht trin n tm quc t s kt ni
cc phng tin thng minh vi h thng c s h
tng mang li sn phm l h thng giao thng
an ton v hiu qu. c c kt qu ny, thit
b lin lc ring s dng tn sng ngn (DSCR)
hot ng tn sut quang ph trung tm l 5.9
GHz c t trn ng v ngay trong cc
phng tin. Cc ng dng c th mang li
nhng cng dng rng ri trong vic lm gim
c ng k cc v va chm xe c v gim c
tnh trng ch tc trn ng.
M l quc gia m ng cho vic phn phi
vng quang ph bng tn 5.9 GHz. Chu u v
Nht cng l nhng quc trin khai cng ngh ny
khng lu sau v hin c mt danh sch di cc
chng trnh nghin cu, pht trin v th nghim
ti cc khu vc s dng mng li khng dy bng
tn 5.9 GHz.
Figure 6
Khng cn ai b b ri vo
bui ti: Thng tin v lch
trnh giao thng cng cng s
dng cng ngh SMS
Dresden, c-Frank Muller
2002
16
Nhng tri nghim ti Chu u, M v Nht Bn

khuyn khch m rng pht trin v kh nng hp tc
gia ngnh cng nghip my mc t ng v chnh ph
trong vic a nhng pht kin ny ln mt tm cao
mi.
Nhng ng dng c th mang li hiu qu rng ri
trong vic lm gim c ng k cc v va chm xe c
v gim c tnh trng ch tc giao thng bao gm:
Cnh bo ti x v cc tnh th nguy him v cc khu
vc sp xy ra xung t hoc nu h li xe qu nhanh,
h s c nguy c b vng khi ng hoc sp n khc
quanh gp;
Vic s dng cng ngh phng trnh cc v va chm
h tr cc li xe duy tr c khong cch an ton vi
cc xe bn cnh ( ng trc, ng sau, bn cnh) v
trnh c tnh trng ng xe ti cc on ng giao
ct;
Thng bo t nhng ngi vn hnh h thng ng
b v cc v tc ng ang xy ra, iu kin thi tit
v cc s c c a ra lin tc gip qun l, ln k
hoch v cung cp thng tin cho li xe.
H thng truyn ti thng tin ng c pht trc tip
n cc phng tin ang lu hnh bao gm c vic
cung cp cc mc hn ch tc khc nhau lm
gim vic tc ng.
Vic nh v li l trnh di chuyn cho cc phng tin
do gp phi cc s c, cng trng xy dng hay cc s
kin c bit c ln k hoch c th c tin hnh
hiu qu hn da trn cc thng tin v thi gian thc
trn cc tuyn ng cao tc v tnh trng giao thng
trn nhng on ng huyt mch
Tng lu lng giao thng khi s dng nhng n tn
hiu da trn tc ca phng tin, lu lng hoc s
lng phng tin dng ti nt giao thng, thng qua
chc nng kim sot ng lc ca cc n tn hiu da
trn thi gian thc
Trung tm iu phi cung cp thng tin v lch

trnh v thi gian chuyn i phng tin v vn
chuyn hng ha cho hnh khch ang ch xe v
cc khch hng khc
Cho php trin khai cc ng dng thng mi
khc
3. ITS h tr cc th ang
pht trin nh th no
2.5 S khc bit ca ITS so vi kt

cu h tng giao thng thng thng
Cc thnh ph cng c vai tr quan trng nh chnh

ph, nn kinh t, thng mi, hay cc trung tm vn
ha gio dc. Vic pht trin cc quc gia v cc
th cha kha ca n phi i mt vi rt nhiu vn
.
Rt nhiu quc gia ang pht trin tri qua nhng
thi k kinh th pht trin mnh m lm tng ln ng
k mc thu nhp ca ngi dn. Kt hp vi s pht
trin ngnh cng nghip ha c bc tng
trng nhanh chng ( trung bnh l khong trn 10%
mt nm (p.a) ti c cc nc giu v cc nc
ngho). Cc nc ang pht trin ang c mt s tri
nghim rt a dng trong ngnh cng nghip ha.
Ti a s cc thnh ph th ang pht trin, tnh
trng ch tc giao thng hin hu t khong trn 2
thp k nhng hin nay vn nn ny ang lan nhanh ra
khp cc khu vc khc v din ra nhiu gi trong mt
ngy. Rt nhiu cc thnh ph a phng, vi s
lng ngy cng tng thm, cng ang phi tri qua
tnh trng ny. V d Trung Quc, nm 2000 c 11
thnh ph c dn s hn 2 triu ngi v 23 thnh
ph nm trong khong t 1 n 2 triu ngi. D
on n trc nm 2015 ( theo nh bng 4), Trung
Quc s c 40 thnh ph vi hn 2 triu dn v 69
thnh ph c dn s t 1 n 2 triu ngi. Ti
Indonesia, s lng cc thnh ph c dn s trn 2
triu ngi c d on l s tng t 3 n 5.
C rt nhiu im khc bit gia c s h tng giao

thng thng thng vi ITS, iu u tin l kt
cu h tng truyn thng l cng ngh d s dng
hn nhiu, trn l thuyt l lun sn sng v mt
thit k v thi cng v c tui i hng thp k,
hn na cn c mt nn cng nghip ph hp vi
ngun cung ng v lin h nng lc.
Mt khc, cc sn phm v dch v ca ITS lin
tc c cp nht v pht trin, v th n c tui
i ngn hn v kh hn trong vic miu t v nh
dng, th trng cc nh cung cp v nh thu b
gii hn v a dng hn.
Khi quyt nh mua v s dng cc ng dng ca
ITS cn phi cn nhc n nhng khc bit ny v
cc thit b ITS c lin quan n cc khc bit i
hi tr c v k nng nhiu hn l cc cng vic tay
chn v khi i vo vn hnh cng nhau, cc nh
thu ph ca ITS c th s gp phi kh khn khi
tip cn v qun l h thng ny.
S pht trin ca cng ngh ny chu nh hng t
chnh ph hoc t chnh th trng to ra s thay
i. Khu vc t nhn s pht trin cc cng ngh
ITS, y l ni c k vng s l th trng cho
sn phm hoc dch v ca cng ngh ny, v d
nh vic s dng tch hp gia vin thng v tin
hc gn trong cc phng tin, tm kim phng
tin ci tin hiu sut cung ng dch v, v m
rng cc th trng vin thng. Thng th cc s
pht trin ny c th nhn c s khuyn khch tt
nht t chnh ph, nh vic m bo ng truyn
truy nhp mng li vin thng thng qua s iu
tit, v cung cp quyn truy nhp bn s quc
gia.
Cng c mt s trng hp cn c s can thip ca
chnh ph nh hng cho s pht trin cng
ngh mt cch ng n, v d ra cc tiu chun
m bo kh nng tng tc gia vic cung cp
cc thng tin khch hng v s chnh lch thi gian
thc hoc gia cc h thng thu ph cu ng
.
3.1 Common developing city

transportation features
Bng 4: S pht trin ca cc thnh ph ln

Trung Quc, nm 2000 v 2015
Hng mc
2000
2015
> 2 triu ngi
11
40
1 2 triu ngi
23
69
Ngun: Nin gim thng k Trung Quc, d on n nm 2015 do M thc hin (

2001), theo ton cnh th ha ca th gii.
Ti cc mng li ng x a phng, khong mt

thp k nay hoc lu hn, hu ht cc on ng lin
th u l 2 ln xe chy. Hin c nhiu tuyn
ng cao tc lin th mi ang c xy dng
hoc ln k hoch trin khai. Tnh trng ch tc giao
thng nghim trng c th xy ra trong hoc xung
quanh cc khu th nhng vn chnh y l s
thiu ht v an ton do hnh vi li xe bt cn ca
ti x, dng phng tin hn tp kt hp vi vn tc
di chuyn khc nhau, v ng thi cng l kt qu
ca cc thit k, thi cng v bo dng ng bt hp
l.
17
Hnh 7
H thng tr gip giao
thng cng cng ca
Bogota: trung tm iu
phi TransMilenio.
Karl Fjellstrom 2003,
Cc quc gia ang pht trin c rt nhiu loi

phng tin giao thng cng cng. a dng n
mc khng ch l c s khc nhau gia cc thnh
ph m cn l ngay trong phm vi 1 thnh ph.
Nhiu ni c th cn tn ti cc khu vc th vi
h thng ng st lin th c t lu, ng
st th mi hay h thng vn ti cng cng c
ln, cc loi xe but to v nh, c hoc khng c
iu ha, xe ti chuyn ch hot ng trn mt s
tuyn ng nht nh, t a im ny n a
im khc hoc l chng da trn l trnh c nh
no c, taxi, cc xe gn my 2 n 3 bnh bao gm
c xe m, hoc cc phng tin th s ( NMVs)
phc v vic i li ti cc tuyn ng chnh c h
thng ng ray v xe but hot ng. Cc phng
tin di chuyn ny mang n cht lng dch v
cng nh tin ph cng rt a dng bi mi loi c
mt mc phc v khc nhau ph hp vi loi i
tng m h nhm n.
Ngay trong thnh ph, vi dng phng tin v
ngi tham gia giao thng hn hp bao gm c
ngi i b v cc loi xe th s cng c nhng
nhu cu khc nhau t dn n vic thng
xuyn xy ra cc xung t giao thng. Bin
php thch hp qun l giao thng trong mi

trng ny ang l vn thch thc cc cn b
ngnh giao thng vn ti.
Ti tt c cc quc gia, c th l cc quc gia c
nhiu thnh ph ln v siu ln, cn c mt chnh
quyn a phng vng mnh ln k hoch, cp
vn, tin hnh thi cng v qun l mng li giao
thng ca mnh. Nhng khng may l nhiu nc
v rt nhiu thnh ph ca cc nc , chnh
quyn a phng b rng buc trong phm vi trch
nhim v quyn hn ca h. Cc cn b nhn vin
nh nc c th yu km v khu hp tc lm vic
khng tt, nn h khng th gii quyt c vn
mt cch ng lc v lu di nhng nhu cu giao
thng vn ti cc thnh ph ang pht trin trn
t nc mnh.
. cc thnh ph c s lng ngi s hu t t
Ti
th t l xe ti trong cc dng xe lu thng c th
kh cao. Phn nhiu trong s xe ti ny l xe c v
gy nhim mi trng khi chng phc v nhng
chc nng kinh t quan trng
Nhng c im ny nh hng n tt c cc
kha cnh ca vic qun l giao thng
ITS ng vai tr quan trng trong vic tr gip ci
thin vic qun l h thng giao thng, gp phn
mang li nhng kt qu ng m c c nu ra
phn 1.
3.2 ITS c th h tr mang li

nhng kt qu ng m c
Mi mt tin ch nm trong nhm dch v ca h
thng ITS u gp phn trc tip mang li hn
mt hiu qu tuyt vi c nu ra trong bng 5.
V d, nhm dch v qun l giao thng c th
t c tt c nhng mong mun ca ngi s
dng theo nhiu cch khc nhau. Cc dch v khc
ca ITS c hnh thc ng gp c th hn. Nhng
miu t c th c a ra bng sau y.
Bng 5: Nhng ng gp ca nhm dch v ITS trong vic t c nhng kt qu ng mong i

Nhm dch v u tin cho ngi s dng
Thng tin hnh khch

Qun l giao thng ( v vn ti) lm gim
nhu cu di chuyn bng xe c gii, a ra
quyn u tin cho xe but, phng tin
khng ng c v ngi i b
Qun l vn ti hng ha
Vn ti cng cng
Thanh ton in t
An ton v an ninh bao gm c qun l
nhng nhu cu khn cp
18
Truy cp cng bng v

nng cao tnh lu ng bao
gm qun l nhu cu
C
C
Nng cao hiu qu v

nng xut giao thng
C
Nng cao
an ton v
an ninh
Gim tc ng
n mi trng
Mt s
C
C
C
--
C
Mt s
Mt s
C
C
Module 4e:H Thng Giao Thng Thng Minh
Khung 2: Thu ph n tc giao thng London v Stockholm

M hnh thu ph London, m hnh ln nht th
gii hin nay, i hi cc phng tin khi di
chuyn vo trung tm thnh ph London mc
ph 8 bng mt ngy, p dng trong khong thi
gian t 7h n 18h30, t th hai n th su.
Khu vc thu ph c din tch l 21 km vung, ph
trch vic gim st v thu ph hn 200 000 lt
phng tin mi ngy.
iu kin giao thng cng nh cc dch v giao
thng cng cng xung cp n mc cc
cuc kho st kin khc nhau ch ra rng a
s ngi dn London mong mun gim thiu
giao thng v c c h thng giao thng cng
cng cht lng tt hn. y chnh l s nht tr
chung ca cng ng v nhng v nhng iu
cn phi lm. V th iu ny tr thnh vn
ch cht trong bi din thuyt ca Ken
Livingstone trong cuc chy ua chc th trng
thnh ph nm 1999/2000
M hnh qui hoch ca London c thng qua
bi php lnh giao thng vn ti ( nm 2000)
cho php chnh quyn a phng trin khai
vic:
Thu ph ngi tham gia giao thng
Thu thu xe ti ni lm vic.
Php lnh giao thng vn ti m bo tng s
tin thu c s c gi li trong ngn sch
a phng v lu gi trong t nht 10 nm
to ngn sch nng cp giao thng a phng.
Cc b trng tuyn b rng ngun ngn qu
ny s c b sung bi nhng ngi ng
thu ( Goodwin, 2004). Qui hoch London c
pht trin nh mt phn ca gi t hp nhm ci
to giao thng c ra php lnh giao
thng vn ti (2000).
Hot ng thu ph c tin hnh trn c s cng
ngh t ng nhn dng bin s xe s dng
camera c gn ng bao pha ngoi v
khp bn trong khu vc thu ph. Tin ph c th
c thanh ton bng cch s dng cc hnh
thc online ( v d nh internet), in thoi, tin
nhn vn bn SMS, bu in hoc cc trm bn
l. Cc phng tin thanh ton c ng k trn
mt c s d liu m h thng c th truy nhp
kim tra cc hnh nh thu gi c v bin
kim sot ca phng tin khi i vo khu vc.
Nguyn nhn chnh la chn loi cng ngh
ny l m hnh thu ph ln u c a vo
s dng l di nhim k u tin ca Th trng
Ken Livingstone, sau ch mt khu vc nh
trung tm London c th b thu ph bi khu ny
c xc nhn l hu ht cc phng tin cc
khu vc cn li ca London khng thng xuyn
lui ti y. Bn thit k ca d n s cho php di
chuyn n mt h thng mi vi cng ngh hin
i hn v cc ph ph hp hn. K hoch i
vo thc hin ti mt vi ni trung tm London
ngy 17 thng 2 nm 2003 v c m rng
ti mt s khu vc khc pha ty London ngy
19 thng 2 nm 2007. Cc phng tin mun lu
thng trong khu vc qui nh trong khong thi
19
gian t 7 gi sng n 6h chiu phi tr khon ph

bt buc l 8 bng; mt khon tin pht nm trong
khong 60 bng n 180 bng c p dng cho
nhng trng hp khng tr ph.
Li ch: Da vo nhng kt qu thu c 12
thng u khi d n i vo hot ng ta c th thy
n thnh cng trong vic lm gim mc giao
thng v to c bc chuyn mi cho giao
thng cng cng, ti bn trong v xung quanh khu
vc thu ph. Dix ( 2004) bo co rng ch trong
vng 6 thng u a vo s dng, d n to
c nhng hiu ng sau y:
Lm gim c t 10 -15% lng giao thng trong
khu vc
Lm gim c 30% tnh trng tc ng bn
trong cc khu vc thu ph
Thi gian di chuyn c rt ngn trung bnh
khong 30%
To ra c nhng thay i nh trong qu o giao
thng nhng cha mang li c ci thin ng k
cho ng x a phng
Gim 60 000 lng xe t i vo khu vc
L ph tc ng khin khong 4000 ngi khng
cn i vo khu vc trung tm London
Giao thng cng cng phc v lng ln ngi
dn chuyn sang s dng m khng dng t c
nhn na.
H thng thu ph n tc ca Stockholm c
tin hnh trn nn tng lu di vo mng 1 thng 8
nm 2007 v 31 thng 7 nm 2006. Mc ch chnh
ca thu tc ng l lm gim tnh trng n tc
giao thng v ci thin cc vn v mi trng
trung tm Stockholm. Cc cng ngh tng t nh
London cng c p dng ti y.
Ngun: Giao thng London v Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Stockholm_congestion_tax,truy cp ngy 24 thng 12 nm 2008
Hnh 8
Li nhc nh ng
ph n tc ti mt
trm xe but
London
Dr. Gerhard Metschies 2003
tng t nh ng dng h thng thu ph ng b

ang p dng London v Singapore hin nay hay
cc d n qun l ra vo ca cc phng tin ang
hot ng ti mt s thnh ph chu u nh Rome,
Milan v Durham.
H thng thu ph in t( ERP) ca Singapore i vo
vn hnh t nm 1998 (minh ha hnh 9)( h thng
ny c chuyn i t m hnh cp giy php th
cng khi u t nm 1975) n nay khng cn l
ngoi l na. T nm 2003, London p t mc
ph cho t khi i vo trung tm thnh ph nh
ni Khung 2. Thnh ph Stockholm, Thy in
cng tip bc London vi m hnh thu ph ring i
vo hot ng t nm 2006 (Khung 3). Cc thnh
ph khc chu u nh Milan, Rome, Durham v
nhiu thnh ph khc cng ang thng qua cc bin
php tng t gim bt cc tc ng ca t ti
trung tm cc thnh ph c v ITS chnh l h thng
nm gi vai tr quyt nh.
X hi i hi nhng dch v cng ng cng bng,
Hnh 9: Cng thu ph

hp l v c tnh lu ng. Tuy nhin, s thiu vng
in t (ERP) ti
mt h thng thu ph thch hp cho cc phng tin
Singapore
Figure 10
Mn hnh hin th
thng tin ca cc
phng tin vn ti
cng cng
Source: GTZ
vn ti cng cng so vi t cng s linh hot, thun

tin cho c nhn m t mang li v hnh khuyn
khch lng ngi s dng t tr nn qu ng o.
t c nhn l phng tin thng xuyn ch t
ngi hn kh nng c thit k m vo gi cao
im cng khng phi tr thm chi ph gy tc
ng, nhim mi trng v nhng v va chm xe
c do n gy ra. y cng chnh l mt ro cn ln
trong vic khuyn khch ngi dn s dng giao
thng cng cng.
Cng ngh ITS c th tr gip cc nh qun l trong
vic lp ra cc s kim ch giao thng,
ITS c vai tr v cng quan trng trong vic cung

cp thng tin lch trnh v cc dch v vn ti bng
nhiu hnh thc (hnh 10). Nhng thng tin ny tr
gip cho hnh khch mi la tui, ngay c ngi
khuyt tt h c th ln k hoch tt hn cho
chuyn i ca mnh. Nhng thng tin v l trnh di
chuyn ca xe but, tu in hay tu ha c ITS
cung cp gp phn mang n nhng li ch khng
nh cho hnh khch trong sut hnh trnh ca mnh.
ITS khuyn khch mi ngi s dng cc hnh thc
giao thng cng cng, ng thi tng cng i b v
p xe bng cch to iu kin thun li cho hnh
khch khi di chuyn ra vo ti cc trm dng hay
nh ga ca cc phng tin giao thng cng cng.
Khung 3 miu t v d n d n giao thng vn ti
di hn ca Singapore- mt d n a phng thc
gp phi rt nhiu kh khn trong sut thi gian xy
dng, ni ln nhng nhu cu v ngun lc thch ng
v nhng k vng thc t. Mt phn khng th thiu
trong h thng iu tit v kim sot giao thng ca
bt k thnh ph no l vic s dng ITS bo v
ngi i b v ngi i xe p v mang li cho h
quyn u tin c lu thng trn nhng l trnh
hon ho cng nh nhng khu vc xanh.
Vn lm gim nhu cu di chuyn bng xe ring ca
ngi dn v khin h chuyn sang a thch s dng
cc phng tin vn ti cng cng, i b hay p xe
hon ton c th thc hin c bng cch cung cp
cho hnh khch nhng thng tin y v chnh xc
v phng tin, l trnh v thi gian biu hot ng
thc ca cc loi hnh vn ti ny. Khung 4 miu t
nhng kinh nghim mi y ca Hng Kng trong
vic cung cp thng tin thi gian thc n hnh khch
ca mnh.
Nhng cng ngh th thanh ton in t mi cung cp
nhng hnh thc chi tr t ng v thun tin ti ngi
tiu dng. Nhng cng ngh ti tn ca ITS cng c
th mang n quyn u tin cho xe but, xe p v cc
20
Khung 3: H thng qun l giao

thng tch hp (I-Transport) ca
Singapo
Thng 9 nm 1997, Chnh ph Singapore ph
chun d n h thng qun l vn ti tch hp (
ITMS), mc tiu ca d n l nhm tch hp tt c
h thng giao thng thng minh ITS bao gm c
vic nm bt c thng tin thi gian thc v l
trnh di chuyn ca cc h thng vn ti ng b
v ng thy, mt bng cc bi xe, phng
tin vn ti cng cng c ln, vn ti xe but v
cc im trung chuyn ca n. H thng ny cn
c th bao gm c cc d liu c cung cp t
h thng qun l on xe ca cc cng ty t nhn
v c th l cc h thng khc na thuc quyn
s hu ca khu vc t nhn. Trong nm 1999, h
thng qun l giao thng tch hp c i tn
l i-transport. Khi nim i-transport c minh
ha sau y:
Giai on 1: tch hp cc thng tin giao thng
(giao thng thng minh)- H thng s thu thp d
liu t c ch gim st v t vn ng b, d
xt v kim tra cc phng tin thng qua my
qut phng tin, ERP( cng thu ph in t), tn
hiu giao thng GLIDE, v h thng qun l thng
tin ng b. Nhng d liu ny s c x l
thng qua my ch trung tm thng tin vn ti (
TIH) ca h giao thng tch hp i-transport v k
t thng 8 nm 1999 c ph bin rng ri
ti cng chng thng qua website LTA, sau l
qua mng li thng tin lin lch khng dy.
Giai on 2: tch hp thng tin vn ti cng cng
(h thng chuyn tip thng minh) tch hp
thng tin vn ti cng cng; h thng thng tin l
trnh xe but m rng trn ton quc cung cp
nhng thng tin c chnh xc cao v thi gian
hot ng thc t ca hn 40000 xe but v 1000
trm dng xe. iu ny c lin quan n vic xy

dng mng li thng tin lin lc t nhn u
tin v ln nht ti chu .H thng chuyn tip
thng minh (Transit.Smart) h tr tch hp cc d
liu t cc h thng ph sau: h thng qun l
on xe trc tuyn (FMS), h thng thng tin l
trnh xe la (RATIS), v thit b hng dn du lch
in t ( mc ch l cung cp cho du khch l
trnh tt nht c v thi gian v chi ph di chuyn
trn cc phng tin vn ti cng cng), tt c s
c nghin cu v pht trin ti chnh giai on
ny v cc d n lin kt khc. Thm vo ,
khong 1000 trm dng xe but c trang b tn
hiu VMS (LED) t ra kh hiu qu trong vic
cung cp thng tin cc chuyn i cho hnh khch
i xe. Cc a im c nh v nh h thng
GPS cung cp bi d n th thng minh ca
Singapore (h thng thu ph tch hp tng cng
EIFS). Theo thm d trn 3800 xe but th ca
Singapore, c mi 25 giy li s dng mng li
thng tin lin lc radio dnh ring c cung cp
giai on ny.
Giai on 3: h thng t vn l trnh a phng
tin ( l trnh thng minh) giai on ny c lin
quan n vic tch hp thng tin thi gian thc
ca phng tin vn ti cng cng v thng tin
giao thng a ra nhng thng tin t vn l
trnh. H thng ny c thit k cung cp
thng tin du lch a phng tin trn khp t
nc Singapore ng thi a ra nhng gi
da trn tiu ch la chn ca hnh khch, iu
kin giao thng thc v thng tin vn ti cng
cng.
Giai on 4: qun l thng minh h thng
qun l giao thng tch hp dng qun l v
gim st, y l khi nim mi c a ra trong
khong t nm 2000
Source: Sayeg and Charles, (2004a)
Hnh khch
Vn hnh PT
H thng l trnh
thng minh
H thng chuyn
tip thng minh
LTA
\Qun l thng minh
Giao thng thng

minh
Cng c d
ton v thng
k
Mt J
RATIS
(RXH)
Ch dn l
trnh in t
EIFS
FMS
Qut giao
thng
GIS (RIMS)
Nhm ngi s dng
Trung tm d liu
GLIDE
EMAS
ERP
Hnh 11
S h thng qun l
vn ti tch hp i-transport
ca Singapore
My m
vng lp t
ng
Cc h thng thnh phn
Sayeg and Charles, 2004
21
Khung 4: Thng tin thi gian thc v

giao thng cng cng Hng Kong
Hng kng c on vn ti xe but kh ln bao gm
khong 13,300 xe but v vi nghn xe but mini (xe but
cng cng hng nh). Cc cng ty xe but cng cng
chnh l:
Cng ty trch nhim hu hn dch v xe but New
World ( 100% thuc s hu ca New World)
Cng ty trch nhim hu hn xe but Kowloon (KMB)
cng cng ty chi nhnh Long Win Bus
Cng ty trch nhim hu hn xe but New Lantau
(1973) v
Cng ty trch nhim hu hn Citybus ( hin nay ton
b thuc s hu ca Stagecoach)
Mc d nhng n lc ban u b tht bi, nm 2003, tt
c cc cng ty xe but cam kt s s dng GPS, tuy
nhin nhng tin trin li kh chm chp. tnh kh thi ca
vic s dng h thng qun l on xe vn ti trc tuyn
da trn nn GPS c kim chng gn y trong
mt cuc th nghim tin hnh bi cng ty Citybus. Mt
lin doanh iu hnh bi cng ty trch nhim hu hn
truyn thng chu Marconi s dng mt h thng
tch hp 3 phng php tnh ton xc nh v tr ca
mt phng tin:
GPS
nh v c sai s v
on nh v tr v phng hng
Bin php tch hp ny i hi phi khc phc c vn
hm vc th l vn kh ph bin mt thnh
ph mt dn c dy c nh Hng kng. KG Intell (
c gii thiu pha sau) cho rng vi kh nng ca
mnh, h c th kt hp c nhng cng ngh ny vi
nhau tm ra v tr chnh xc ca phng tin trong
nhng thnh ph ng c th ny.
Gn y, ti mt s bn xe but c la chn i vo
th nghim bng mn hnh LED hin th thng tin v l
trnh di chuyn ca cc s xe but, thi gian khi hnh
tip theo v tin ph i xe. B giao thng ang m rng
s pht trin ca cc hnh thc xen k s dng xe butxe but v xe but- tu, c bit l ti khu vc New
Territories ni m cc d n tu in th c qui m
ln ang c tin hnh.
KMB lp t h thng mn hnh thng tin dch v xe
but tch hp ti 19 bn xe but vo cui nm 2004. H
thng hin th cc loi thng tin nh thi im khi hnh
tip theo, l trnh cc im n ca xe, v tin v xut
hin trn mn hnh LED rt ln hoc trn cc bng in
mn hnh plasma. Thng tin khn cp hay nhng s c
v giao thng, v.v cng c th c hin th trn mn
hnh cnh bo hnh khch. H thng tivi mch kn v
h thng cc a ch cng cng c lp t ti cc bn
xe but c th gim st giao thng khu vc v iu
kin lu thng t vn phng iu khin v c phng
iu khin t ti tr s chnh cng ty KMB. Ngoi ra cn
c 3 trm xe but o ti Star Ferry, ng Canton v
ng Nathan bn ngoi Grand Tower, nhng trm ny
c trang b mt my tnh c gn lin tng, mt
bng LCD cm ng, khuyn khch hnh khch gh thm
website ca KMB v xem chi tit l trnh di chuyn ca
cc tuyn xe but. Mi trm xe but o u c h thng
qung co chi tit v l trnh hot ng ca cc tuyn xe
but bng ting Qung ng, ting Anh v ting ph
22
thng. Nhng trm xe but o a tc dng c cp

bng sng ch bi cc s hu tr tu. Website:
http://www.kmb.hk/english.php?page=profile&file=tech/ind
ex.html
ESRI Hong Kng ci t h thng h tr bn GIS
cho h thng ng dy nng ca KMB v New World
First Bus ( thng tin chi tit v New world first bus c
nu bn di). C hai cng ty ny c nhng tho lun
s b nhm thng nht a ra mt dch v cung cp thng
tin v h tr khch hng chung cho c 2 bn vo nm
2006. Website : http://www.esrichina-hk.com
K t nm 2004, cng ty KMB t c nhng bc
tin xa hn trong s pht trin ca mnh, trong c vic
pht hnh thng co bo ch v trm dng xe but t
ng cng nhng thng tin du lch trn tuyn xe s 15
c xy dng bi h thng AVL. KG Intell ca Hng
Kng cng l nhn t tch cc trong vic xy dng v pht
trin cc thit b tch hp cung cp thng tin thi gian thc
cho khch hng RTPI, qun l on xe trc tuyn v a
ra cc gii php bn v cho xe but v cc phng tin
vn ti khc, v hin ti cng ty ny ang gp phn to ra
nhng thnh tu tin phong cho Trung quc. website :
http://www.kgintell.com
Cng ty vn ti xe but New World First Bus ( NWFB
ng dng chy th GPS trn h thng cung cp thng tin
thi gian thc v qun l on xe trc tuyn nm 2006.
Mt bn l trnh in t tng tc ( hng dn hnh
trnh ca NWFB) c cho php i vo th nghim ti
im dng xe but Immigration Tower ( ta nh ca b
giao thng vn ti). thit b ny bao gm mt bn l
trnh v mt h thng thng bo thng tin lch trnh ca
NvWFB cho hnh khch s dng v thng v hng dn
h n ng bn xe but ca NvWFB n xe. Website :
http://www.nwfb.com.hk/chi/index.htm
H thng cung cp thng tin l trnh di chuyn ( JTIS)
c xng hot ng t nm 2002 vi phng chm
l trnh thng minh cho chuyn i an ton v hiu qu.
Ban u ngi ta d nh s dng JIS h tr ngi
iu khin t la chn c tuyn ng hp l nht
(khi di chuyn t o Hng Kng n Kowloon phi i qua
3 on ng hm lin kt gia cc cng bng cch cung
cp thng tin thi gian thc v tnh trng giao thng thc
t ti tt c cc on giao ct. thi gian chy th tn hiu
ch dn din ra t thng 6 nm 2003 n thng 12 nm
2003. Thi gian di chuyn trn mn hnh c tnh ton t
v tr hin th n ng ra Kowloon ti v tr trm thu ph
ng hm. v tr phng tin c cp nht lin tc t
nht 5 pht mi ln. c trng ca h thng l b phn
tip nhn d liu bao gm 1 mng li thng tin lin lc, 1
mn hnh LED iu khin ti ch, v mt trung tm iu
khin trung ng. Ngoi cc thit b camera d tm gip
thu thp d liu giao thng, h thng cn c cc thit b
GPS c gn trn 82 xe but cung cp d liu GPS
h tr vic phn tch. Lch trnh di chuyn n Kowloon
ngang qua ng hm giao cng, on giao ct cng pha
ng v on giao ct cng pha ty c th hin thng
qua tn hiu ch th l mu xanh ( n tc nh, khng ng
k), mu h phch ( n tc va phi) hay mu ( xy
ra tc nghn). cng ty trch nhim hu hn dch v vn ti
thng minh Hong Kong tin hnh lp t v hin ang
qun l h thng JTIS cho b giao thng vn ti. H cng
tng cng tc trong giai on u d n RTP ca KMB
nm 2002v tham gia h thng tr gip vn phng cho
dch v h tr khch hng ti KMB. Website :
http://www.hkits.com.hk
Phng tin th s trong phm vi ca h thng qun l

giao thng phc hp. Nhng h thng giao thng
thng minh ny cng gp phn nng cao c kh
nng iu hnh giao thng cng cng ca cc nh qun
l, gip duy tr mi quan h vi hng triu hnh khch
s dng v in t, hnh thc thanh ton online hay
cc dch v h tr thng tin c ch cho c i bn. H
thng xe but nhanh (c ln ng dnh ring)
TransMilenio ca Bogota s dng m hnh v tr
trc c cung cp bi mt c nhn c chn la
thng qua qui trnh u thu Hnh khch s dng mt
loi th in t cho php cc giao dch thanh ton
c thc hin khi t gn cc thit b c th tr
ph giao thng, sau h c php di chuyn qua
rt nhiu cnh ca i vo cc bn tu. h thng thu
ph bao gm c cng on sn xut v bn cc th in
t, thu thp, lp t, v bo dng cc thit b kim
sot truy nhp v hp thc ha, x l thng tin v
qun l tin bc ( Castro, 2003). Hnh 12 l hnh nh
ca mt my ng dng v in t. Mumbai, n
mt h thng v in t c tch hp hu hn vn
hnh gia mt h thng vn hnh xe but chnh v
mt trong hai h thng xe la. C Mumbai v Bangalore
u ang ln k hoch xy dng h thng thu cc
c tch hp u vit hn.
Hnh 12: hp thc ha th thng minh ti M
Khung 5: Sng kin khuyn khch ngi
dn s dng xe p ti Paris
C hn 10600 xe p ti 750 im cho thu xep
t phc v c thnh lp trung tm Paris thng
7 nm 2008 trong mt chng trnh gi r cung cp
cho mi ngi quyn s dng vi 8 ngn ng khc
nhau. Vi con s ln n 20,600 vo cui nm
2008, phm vi ca Vlib, tn gi kt hp gia vlo
( xe p) v libert ( t do)c l l sng kin tham
vng ln nht th gii. y l sng kin mi nht
trong chui n lc ca cng ng Chu u trong
vic lm gim s lng t trung tm thnh ph
v mang li cho mi ngi ng lc la chn hnh
thc vn ti thn thin vi mi trng hn. Nhng
con s thng k u tin cho thy nhng tn hiu
ht sc lc quan ca chng trnh ny. Thm ch
trc khi cc im cho thu xe m ca, khong
13,000 ngi thanh ton online cc thu bao
s dng nh k. ngn chn vic trm cp xe xy
ra, ngi i xe p bt buc phi li chi tit th
tn dng ( mt khon n l 150 s c ghi li nu
xe p cha c ngi mang tr li).
Pierre Aidenbaum, th trng qun 3 Paris, khu vc
c lng ngi ng gp c phn xe p tnh trn
u ngi cao nht v m c 15 im cho
thu xe, pht biu rng y thc s l cuc cch
mng vn ha th. Trong thi gian di t c
coi l hnh nh ca phng tin i lin vi s thoi
mi v tin dng khi di chuyn. iu chng ta mun
chng t cho mi ngi thy l ngy nay, xt
trn nhiu phng din, xe p cn c th p ng
c tt hn th nhu cu ca chng ta.
Hn na, chng trnh ny c th mang li khong

30 triu thu nhp t tin cho thu xe ng gp
vo kho bc nh nc, mt quan chc thnh ph
ni. n v qung co JC Decaux chi tr khon tin
cho cc bi xe, xe p v vic duy tu bo dng,
i li h c c quyn s dng 1,628 bng dn
qung co trong th.
Vlib ch l suy ngh qu n gin ca th trng
Paris, Bertrand Delano, nh hot ng x hi v
l ngi c kinh nghim tham gia chin dch
xanh mt thi gian di, cam kt s tng gp i
s ln ng cho xe p bng ngun vn ca
Php trc nm 2008 v gim lu lng t
xung 40% trc nm 2020.T khi tip qun vn
phng vo nm 2001, Delanoe cho xy dng
thm gn 200 kilomet (125 dm) ng dnh cho
xe p, gim cc ln ng dnh cho t v
nhn c khng t nhng phn hi tiu cc ca
ngi dn trong vic lm trm trng thm tnh
trng tc ng trong thnh ph
Hi ng thnh ph hy vng s khuyn khch c
s lng ln nhng ngi theo ch ngha hoi
nghi s dng xe p thng xuyn hn bng cch
xy dng m hnh da trn kinh nghim ca cc
chng trnh cho thu xe c phm vi nh hn
cc thnh ph khc ca Php v chu u, bao gm
Berlin, Barcelona, Brussels, Vin, v Stockholm.
Cc chng trnh c th c mt vi im khc bit,
nhng nhn chung tt c u hng n nhng
quan ngi v tnh trng trm cp v kh nng sinh
li ti chnh, nhng iu lm tht bi chng
trnh th nghim white Bike Amsterdam trong
nhng nm 1960.
Ngun: International Herald Tribune, tiu do Katrin Bennhold,
xut bn 15 thng 7 nm 2008
23
Giao thng bn vng: Cun sch tham kho cho cc nh hoch nh chnh sch ti cc nc ang pht trin
Hnh 13: Khng gian cng

cng s dng CCTV ti
Catargena, Columbia
Klaus Banse 2003,
Cc ng dng internet cho vic thanh ton

cc khon ph c s dng nh mt hnh
thc chi tr ti m hnh gim thiu tc nghn
ti London v rt nhiu cc cng thu ph ng
b khc dng cho cc khch hng khng thng
xuyn th hin cng ang c p dng cho m
hnh cho thu xe p. Theo cch ny th
internet v in thoi di ng ang gp phn
mang li rt nhiu li ch cho khch hng, nh
mang li nhng thng tin hu ch hn v tin
li hn cho ngi s dng cng nh cc thnh
ph theo cng cch thc m nhng ng dng
tin tin hn ca giao thng thng minh ITS
t c.
Khung 5 nu ra mt vi v d
ca vic s dng internet
ng k s dng xe p
ti Paris.
Cng thu ph in t (ETC)
c
s dng nhm h tr m
hnh
thu ph ng b c
thit
k hn ch nhu cu s
dng
xe ring v gy qu cho ngn
kh
quc gia. Cng mt lc, ETC
c th c s dng gim tc nghn t
ti cc quy thu ph, gim tnh trng gian ln gy
tht thu ngn sch, v tr gip vn pht trin
c s h tng ng x b sung (tuy nhin iu
ny cn ph thuc vo tng hon cnh), t c
th khuyn khch c dng xe c di chuyn
nhanh hn. Cng ngh chi tr in t c th gip
ch cho cc nh qun l v thu ph ng b c
th tip cn v hiu hn v nhu cu s dng ng
ca ngi dn thng qua bin kim sot ca tng
phng tin. Trong khi iu ny c th gy ra
nhng lo lng v quyn ring t c th b xm hi,
th thng qua chnh sch bo mt l qui nh bt
buc c a ra bi cc cp c thm quyn ti
rt nhiu quc gia m bo an ton quyn ring
t cho mi c nhn.
Cng ngh gim st, iu phi v lin lc thng
c tin hnh trong thi gian thc c th tr gip
an ton trong cc tnh hung v an ninh v khn
cp.
Bng cch ci thin c hot ng ca h thng
giao thng vn ti hiu qu v nng sut hn, h
thng ITS mang li rt nhiu li ch cho c
nhn tham gia giao thng cng nh ton x hi.
Cng vic qun l h thng giao thng vn ti cso
th c tng cng thng qua vic s dng ITS,
v d nh h thng qun l giao thng tin tin,
qua m bo c tn xut di chuyn nhanh
hn cho cc phng tin cng cng, mang li

quyn u tin truy nhp cho ngi i b v i xe
p v nhng khu vc ph hp cho t. Cc
li xe thng mi cng c hng li t nhng
thit b tin ch trn gip h nng cao nng sut
lm vic l gim c cng tc ph
H thng ITS hin i c th c s dng
nng cao hiu qu s dng ca nhng khu vc
c khong lu thng ng hn ch bng cch
to ra mt c ch qun l giao thng tin tin c
kh nng phn ln giao thng t ng v an ton
p ng nhu cu di chuyn ca xe but theo
nhng hng cao im.
Logistics l qu trnh lp k hoch, tin hnh
cung cp, kim sot s lu thng v tch tr mt
cch c hiu qu cc loi hng ha, nguyn vt
liu, thnh phm v bn thnh phm, dch v v
cc thng tin i km t ni xut x n ni tiu
th p ng nhu cu ca khch hng. Hng
ha cng l mt phn ca qui trnh qun l c
lin quan n giao thng vn ti, lu kho v x
l cc mt hng
Thng mi in t trong lnh vc vn ti hng
ha gp phn quan trng trong vic tin hc
ha cc thng tin cn thit trong vic thu mua,
chuyn ch (bng tu thuyn, xe ti hay tu ha,
v.v..), cht ti, trung chuyn, nhn hng, thanh
ton v p ng cc yu cu v php l mt cch
thun tin.
Cng ngh d tm v qun l on xe b sung
cng kt hp thng mi in t v mng li
rng khp nhm gip ch cho cc li xe thng
mi, l nhng ngi lun coi trng tc v s
tin cy. Nhng li ch ny c chuyn n tay
ngi tiu dng l chi ph gi c r hn.
Nhng ng thi u tin lm gim tc ng
c rt nhiu cc thnh ph ang pht trin
thc hin trong nhiu nm nay l hn ch xe
ti i vo trung tm thnh ph. Tuy nhin, hnh
thc cm on ny c l ch n thun l chuyn
ch tc sang mt a im khc v trong khong
thi gian khc. Chi ph vn chuyn hng ha
tng cao s phn no nh hng n ngi tiu
dng v s pht trin kinh t cng c th b nh
hng khng tt. Cng ngh ITS c th tr gip
gim st v qun l s di chuyn ca cc xe ti
nng c th cng lc lm gim tnh trng tc
nghn giao thng v cc tc ng gy ra bn
ngoi, t khin vic vn chuyn hng ha
c d dng hn.
24
Cc ch t, xe but v xe ti c th trc tip

nhn thy c hiu qu ni bt ca h thng mi,
h thng an ton phng tin bao gm tn hiu cp
cu, cnh bo nguy him, cnh bo li xe ng gt,
kim sot tun tra trn bin, cnh bo va chm v
phng trnh, gim chn thng minh v chn on
cc triu chng ca ng c. S cc s c hay cc
v va chm nghim trng xy ra vi t, xe but
hay xe ti u c th c gim xung.
.
Ti cc bn xe vn ti cng cng lun c s theo
di ca h thng camera quan st (CCTV) v cc
im lin lc khn cp c th m bo mi trng
an ton cho hnh khch, c bit l vo cc thi
im c t nhu cu s dng.
An ninh ti cc trm qu cnh v bin gii hin

ang l vn ct yu ca x hi ITS c th tr
gip cc khu vc ny vi cng ngh thng minh
kim tra, cho php truy nhp v gim st. ITS
c th hon thin, ci tin kh nng sn sang, ngn
chn, bo v, phn ng v hi phc trong cc s
kin thm ha quc gia hay bt k s kin no c
lin quan n vn an ninh. Ti nhiu khu vc
nng thn, trong sut thi gian xy ra l lt hay
cc thm ha thin nhin, vic vn chuyn thng
tin kp thi, chnh xc n cc khu vc cu hay
ng x l ht sc quan trng v c th c
thc hin nhanh chng qua Internet, tin nhn SMS
v cc phng tin lin lc hin i khc.ITS
cng gp phn mang li nhng ch li v mi
trng bng cch cung cp h thng t ng cho
ngi qun l on xe m bo phng tin ca
h ang nhn c l trnh hng dn thun li
nht, do c th tit kim c nhin liu v gim
thiu c kh ga gy hiu ng nh xanh lm tri t
m ln. Cc kh thi khc, c th nh CO v hydro
cacbon c th gy hi cho sc khe con ngi, gy
hin tng sng m v hy hoi mi trng cng
c gim theo. Cc cng ngh ITS c th iu ha
nhu cu giao thng bng cch khuyn khch ngi
dn tch cc tham gia s dng cc phng tin vn
ti cng cng nhiu hn.
4. Tnh hnh trin khai ITS ti

cc thnh ph
4.1 Tnh hnh hin nay
C th nhn thy c s khc bit ng k trong vic
trin khai ITS gia cc thnh ph c qui m khc
nhau trong cng mt quc gia. iu ny hon ton
d hiu, v cc thnh ph nh c cc c im v nhu
cu khc bit khi so snh vi cc thnh ph ln hn.
Ni chung, ti cc thnh ph ang pht trin, cc ng
dng ca ITS c trin khai tr thnh h thng
duy nht c pht trin bi cc c quan khc nhau.
Thng th h thng ITS thng xuyn hp tc vi
cc d n c s h tng qui m ln. Hu nh khng
c bt c m hnh chin lc no trong vic hoch
nh v trin khai ITS m mang li kt qu l cc ng
dng ca ITS khng tng tc v lm vic cng nhau.
Mt s v d v cc kh khn thc t c th xy ra
khi thiu vng s lin kt hot ng:
Ngi s dng th thanh ton in t khi tham gia
ccphng tin vn ti cng cng phi mua v mi
khi chuyn t xe but sang xe but hoc t xe but
sang tu.
Hnh khch c nhu cu di chuyn ch c th tip cn

thng tin v thi gian biu ca mt cng ty vn ti cng
cng mt ln, khng nh l h c th thy tt c cc
chn la i bao gm c nhng chuyn i a phng tin
Mi thnh ph c h thng thu ph in t ring bit

khc nhau, nhng ngi li xe t ch mong mun
c i qua nhng on ng nhiu cng thu ph u
theo mt nguyn tc c bn, tuy nhin thc t l h thng
phi mua cc loi v khc nhau vi chi ph tng v bt
tin, thm vo l s chm tr lun xy ra.
ETC v UTC u a ra nhng u tin cho c cc quc gia
pht trin v ang pht trin thi gian gn y. UTC v
ETC c trng ch l nn tng pht trin nhng ng
dng ITS tinh vi hn, hin i hn.
Cng ngh ETC nng cao hiu qu vn hnh ca cng thu
ph, nng cao kh nng thng mi ca vic pht trin
ng b v ti nhng ni kh nng thng mi c
kim chng, cng ngh ny s phc v vic thu ht gii ti
chnh t nhn tip qun hot ng ca cng thu ph. C th
d dng nhn thy rng, khi nhng cng ngh c quyn
c cung cp bi cc cng ty ring bit u c i
vo s dng th ngi ta li bc n mt giai on mi l
t ra tiu chun v qui c m bo tnh tng tc ca
sn phm.
25
Hnh 14: ITS c th tr gip

ci thin h thng c s h
tng th hot ng
giao thng hiu qu hn v
gim din tch t s dng.
Karl Fjellstrom, Beijing 2003,
Ngn hng th gii, ngn hng pht trin chu

v cc t chc quc t khc c vai tr ht sc quan
trng trong vic cung cp vin tr cho cc d n
xy dng ng cao tc nhiu nc ang pht
trin, chnh v th trong cc d n thi cng ng
cao tc cp quc gia ( bao gm c ng hm v
cc trc ng ni chnh khc) th nhng yu cu
v tiu chun k thut v qui trnh u thu l rt
kht khe (cc cng ty phi tham gia u thu quc
t).
Ti nhng d n c vn u t ca a phng
v khng yu cu tham gia u thu quc t th
khng c bt c iu g c th m bo rng d n
c thc hin theo ng yu cu k thut v qui
trnh u thu minh bch.
Ti cc khu vc kim sot giao thng th, cc t
chc quc t hn ch mt s nh hng gn y.
Trn th trng c rt nhiu cng ty quc t c h
thng kim sot giao thng th (UTC) ring.
Hnh 15: Tin tc v

thng tin cung cp
cho hnh khch trn
mn hnh phng gn
trong mng li giao
thng cng cng cao
cp Kuala
Lumpur.
Stefan Opitz 2004,
26
iu ny thng gy ra tnh hung l: mt khi c

mt h thng kim sot giao thng th c th no
c thit lp trong thnh ph, nhng ngi mua
hng b kt li trong mt danh sch gii hn cc nh
cung cp v phi chu chi ph bo tr cao hn l nu
c mt h thng m c i vo hot ng. Bi h
thng gi ny c tui i ln ti 20 nm, ci gi phi
tr cho vic s hu cng ngh ring l qu ln
Ti cc nc ang pht trin th vic qun l giao thng
thng l cng vic ca cnh st giao thng, nhng ngi
khng c trnh nh nhng k s giao thng. Cc
nhn vin cnh st thng ch tp trung n lc trong vic
c gng vn hnh v cng ch giao thng. Ti rt nhiu
thnh ph, ngi ta thng rt t ch n nhng kha
cnh rng ln hn ca vic lp k hoch qun l, thit k
giao thng, ng thi cnh st c xu hng s dng cc
bin php d dng iu tit v kim sot giao thng
nh s dng h thng ng mt chiu v cc bin cm
xe.
Ti nhiu thnh ph, mi ngi dn nhn ra rng cn c
mt bin php qun l giao thng ton din hn. S ch
tp trung vo h thng UTC v cc h thng khc lin kt
vi ITS l camera ti cc ct n v mn hnh CCTV.
L do y l cnh st khng phi cc k s giao thng nn
h c th khng nhn ra rng h thng UTC khng th hot
ng hiu qu nu ch vn hnh mt mnh m khng c cc
bin php tr gip hu hnh khc nh vch k ng v cc
thit k nt giao thch hp
Ti mt vi thnh ph pht trin mt s nc nh Trung
Quc, Brazil, s ch c t vo tay h thng qun
l giao thng cng cng tin tin, hin i. Mt vi v d v
nhng xe but s dng h thng iu phi v qun l on
xe/h thng t ng nh v phng tin(AVL) do a
phng sn xut. Tng t, h thng cung cp thng tin
thc cho hnh khch s dng cc tn hiu thng tin khc
nhau ( thng l s dng mn hnh cng ngh LED) hin
ang c trin khai mt vi thnh ph. V d, trung tm
iu phi xe but trung tm u tin ca Trung Quc
c hon thin nm 2004
Mt s AVL quy m nh/ h thng qun l i xe

ang c thc hin mt s i xe taxi v xe ti
mt s a im khc nhau.Nhn chung, c mt tnh
trng kh ph bin l nhng ch s hu ITS thng
min cng tr ph cho nhng phn ph tng v
bo
dng.
Khi hp ng pht trin cc c s h tng ITS quan
trng c gi n cc cng ty qua qu trnh u
thu khng minh bch / khng cnh tranh (v d
nh th thng minh ), mt lot nhng vn c th
xy ra nh:
Khi tin thc hin cng vic b chm tr,
ngi ng nhim vi quyn hn pht trin nhng
d n ny c th s c gng ngn cn nhm khng

nhng bin php thi cng thch hp c tin
hnh nhng thnh ph ny.
Tng t, nhng cng ty c c quyn v sn
phm thng s dng s nh hng ca mnh
phm ca h c thng qua l sn phm c
sn
tiu chun quc gia hay khu vc
Trong mt khong thi gian ngn (ba n nm
tm khng ngng gia tng i vi dch v s dng

ITS mi(thu ph tc nghn v giao thng cng cng
tin tin) v s pht trin ca h thng thng tin l
khch rt r rng nhng thnh ph ln ang
pht trin. Nhng, nhng ngi lp k hoch ca h
thng cn phi pht trin kh nng v phng thc
trc khi h thng ITS theo k hoch c thc s
c hiu lc , nh c cho thy Khung 6.
nhiu thnh ph ln nhng nc ang pht

trin, thu nhp bnh qun c th gp nhiu ln so vi
bnh qun ca quc gia, v y xut hin mt nhu
cu i li ph bin bng nhng phng tin giao
thng ( nh t v phng tin giao thng cng
cng) v vic s dng nhng phng tin thng tin
hin i. mt mc no , nh c bit n
rng ri, nhng thnh ph ny c kh nng nhy
cc hay vn ln thnh nhng thnh ph pht trin
Mt v d l trong nhng vng thng tin di
ng, ni c s lng ngi s dng in thoi di
ng khng ngng tng c nhiu cch mi cp
nht thng tin ( tin tc, kinh doanh, giao thng).
nm), nhng ng dng ITS c mong i s c
Trung Quc, nm 2003, s ngi s dng in thoi
kh nng ging vi nhng g c trin khai n di ng vt qu s ngi s dng in thoi c nh
nay nhn mnh n UTC, ETC v h thng iu ( khong 200 triu ngi ).
khin ng cao tc. Tuy nhin, ang c s quan
Khung 6: ng dng BRT v ITS ti n
th trong mt khun kh qun l tch hp.
H thng BRT ang c qung b nhiu thnh Theo k hoch, ITS di hnh thc theo di xe but
ph n vi vic thc hin tip ni s tr gip v thng tin hnh khch( nhng im dng xe but
t Phi on i mi th quc gia Jawaharlal
chnh) v nhng xe but trong bi s c a ra
Nehru ( JnNURM ), cung cp ngun ti chnh ln cng vi BRT nhng chi tit v vic lm th no th
chn thnh ph sau : Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot,
cha a ra c th.Tng t, cng c mt s k
Bhopal, Indore, Pune, Vijaywada, Vizag v Jaipur.
hoach lin quan n vic iu chnh thi gian ca tn

Nhng iu kin chnh ph n ph chun hiu giao thng cho xe but nhng im giao ct,
n BRT v cc vn ti chnh l mi thnh ph
c th l ni chng phi r tri qua nhng lung giao
phi thc hin nhng i mi quan trng sau :
thng khc. Khi ln u hot ng, h thng BRT s
(a)thnh lp mt y ban giao thng th thng
phi i mt vi nhng kh ban u khng th trnh
nht(UMTA); (b)thnh lp mt qu giao thng th
khi. Thit k ca h thng ny c th chng minh
cp quc gia v thnh ph(UTF) v (c)thc hin
khng tht tt, khng gian i xe but b gii hn, k
chnh sch qung b vic xe but v xe, sau
ny h tr trong vic nng cao doanh thu cho hot lut iu hnh xe but i hi phi tng cng, thi
ng xe but. c thit k nhm p ng nhng
gian biu ca xe but hot ng c th p ng
th thch ngy cng tng ca giao thng th, y nhng khong thi gian m cu ln. Nhng thnh
ph ang c k hoch a h thng xe but m vo
ban giao thng th thng nht (UMTAs) c
qung b bi NUTP tt c cc thnh ph vi trn hot ng(xe but BRT cng chy trn nhng tuyn
1 triu ngi. Mc ch cui cng cu mt UMTA l ng bnh thng)c th to ra nhng nghi ng
qung b giao thng cng cng trong khu vc ng k gy ra bi khong cch trong dch v ca h
th qua vic hnh thnh nhng chnh sch, chng
thng BRT v nhm xe but nhng vng khc. ITS

trnh v quy nh thch hp. Chc nng ca n bao c xut c th khng hot ng nh d tnh v
gm s tr gip, phi hp, ln k hoch v thc
thm ch nu hot ng sun s cng c kh nng
hin nhng chng trnh v d n ca giao thng
khng th gii quyt nhng vn vn hnh khc.
.
Source: Cc tc gi
4.2 ITS ph hp vi qui m tng

thnh ph
Vi nhng dch v u th ca ITS nh c
gii thiu bng 6, mt s nh gi v tnh ph
hp ca tng dich v cho ngi s dng ITS v
cng ngh hay h thng i din (nh nhng
nhm cng ngh nhn chung lm vic vi nhau
to nn mt ng dng ITS ) cho nhng thnh ph nh,

va v ln c hnh thnh. C s ging nhau ng
k gia nhng thnh ph va v ln mc d nhng h
thng phc tp, ph bin hn nhn chung c ngh l
ph hp vi nhng thnh ph ln.S khc nhau i vi
nhng thnh ph nh r rt hn so vi d kin.
Bng 6: La chn cc dch v ITS ph hp vi qui m thnh ph (I)

Nhm dch v
cho ngi s
dng
Thng tin
l khch
Qun l giao
thng
Dch v cho ngi s dng
V d
Thng tin trc chuyn i

Cc loi hnh cng ngh/h thng
thng tin ngi li trong
chuyn i, thng tin phng
tin giao thng cng cng
Thnh ph nh
< 0.5M
Thnh ph va
> 0.5M & < 1.5M
Thnh ph ln
> 1.5M
Khng
Dch v thng tin c nhn
Khng
Khng
Xc nh hng v dn ng
H thng xc nh hng c trong
Khng
Khng
H tr lp k hoch GT
xe
M hnh nhu cu giao thng th, Ch nhng ng
m hnh m phng giao l, h thng dng rt n
gin
C, nhng nhng
tn hiu thi gian
iu khin giao thng th ( UTC )
c nh n gin C. Nhng tn
hay iu khin giao thng vng
c v thch hp,
vi my tnh lin hiuthi gian c
( ATC)
kt nh cc thnh
nh
ph pht trin
GIS cho qun l d liu v a l
CCTV- h thng camera quan st
VMS- Tn hiu tin bin i cung

cp thng tin l khch
VSL- tn hiu tc gii hn bin
i v h tr lut
Khng
Khng
Xem trn
Xem trn
Khng
Vng quanh cm ng ( va h ),
hng ngoi ( trn) hay qua thi gic
C
nh camera thng minh ( trn)
pht hin xe
.
AID H thng pht hin
s c t ng, bao gm
Khng
c xc nh n tc
Qun l s c
Qun l nhu cu
28
C.
UTC nng
ng
(nh p ng
nhu cu) cn
thit.
Bng LED tn hiu giao thng v

C
du hiu quy nh
S pht hin v xc minh s c v
n tc, s dng CCTV v c
Xem trn
kim tra bi Trung tm iu khin
AVI T ng nhn dng phng
tin
Khng
Thanh ton/chi tr in t (xem

di cho nhm ngi s dng
thanh ton in t)
Bng 6: La chn cc dch v ITS ph hp vi qui m thnh ph (II)

Nhm dch
v cho ngi
s dng
Dch v cho ngi s dng Cc v d
Thnh ph nh
< 0.5M
Thnh ph va
> 0.5M & < 1.5M
Thnh ph ln
> 1.5M
>> Qun l
Kim sot/tng cng cc

qui nh giao thng
Qun l vic bo tr
c s h tng
Qui trnh qun l v tin
thng quan cc phng
tin vn ti thng mi
Trao i d liu in t
Khng
Khng
Qun l on xe vn ti
thng mi
H thng qun l on xe vn ti
trc tuyn (FMS)
Khng
Qun l giao thng cng

cng
trc tuyn (FMS)
Khng
Qun l trng Thng bo khn cp v an

CCTV- h thng camera quan st
hp khn cp
ton c nhn
Khng
Khng
trc tuyn (FMS)
Khng
Khng
Khng
giao thng
Vn ti
hng ha
Giao thng
cng cng
Qun l xe c khn cp
Vt liu nguy him v
thng bo s c
Chi tr in t Giao dch ti chnh in t
An ton
Tng cng an ton cho

ngi i ng d b tn
thng
trc tuyn (FMS)
Vch qua ng thng minh cho

ngi i b.
29
Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers in Developing Cities
5. Thit lp khun kh ph
hp cho ITS
Trong khi c khu vc t nhn, cng ng v chnh
quyn quc gia v a phng l nhng bn lin
quan ch cht trong vic hoch nh v trin khai ITS,
chnh ph c mt vai tr quan trng trong vic cng
cp lnh o c tm chin lc, m bo t c
tiu chun v kh nng tng tc ph hp, v ph hp
cc bn lin quan khc nhau c lin quan
Thit lp khun kh ph hp lin quan n vic
chnh ph nm quyn lnh o trong vic:
Xy dng mt chin lc tng th cho ITS
Khung 7 a ra mt v d ca Nht Bn trong bi
cnh ca chnh sch giao thng
Pht trin nhng tiu chun, giao thc v chnh
sch v chuyn dch nhng tiu chun ny n c
quan c thm quyn a phng tham kho khung
8 v 9 vi v d v PR Trung Quc;
Pht trin nhng d n kim nghim; v
To iu kin thun li cho s pht trin chuyn
mn khu vc t nhn v cng chng a phng.
V d ca Singapore c a ra Bng 9 c bit
quan trng bi n chng t vic s dng phng php
tip cn ton din thng qua giao thng, cng nghip,
trao i thng tin bao gm ITS. Tuy nhin, Singapore
khng phi l ngoi l - v d nh , trong khu vc
Chu , Maylaysia, Nam Hn, Nht Bn v Trung
Quc cng thc hin mt cch tip cn chn chn
v hp nht hn i vi ITS
Khung 7: chin lc ITS ti Nht

Bn
Mc tiu ca ITS t ra cho tng lnh vc nh
sau:
1. Trong an ton v an ninh, mc tiu hng
n ca ITS Nht Bn l xy dng nn mt khu
vc kiu mu, ni cc v tai nn giao thng s
c gim thiu ti con s khng. Thnh tu
ny sau c trin khai trong ton quc, gp
phn n s gim thiu 50% tng s v tai nn
giao thng trn tt c cc tuyn ng cho n
nm 2010.
2. Vi tiu ch hot ng hiu qu v bo v mi
trng, ITS hng n cung cp mt vng khng
c tc nghn giao thng. t c mc tiu ny
c mong i s gp phn gim thiu lng
kh CO2 thi ra bi cc phng tin tham gia
giao thng n mc tiu ca chnh ph nm
1995 cho n nm 2010.
3. V s tin nghi v thoi mi, ITS Nht bn
hng n vic nng cp c s h tng cng
cng to nn mt mi trng giao thng thoi
mi, cung cp cho cc thnh ph nhng
khng gian ni m giao thng l mt tri nghim
l th v tin nghi i vi ngi i b, ngi li
xe cng nh nhng ngi s dng phng tin
giao thng cng cng.
ITS Nht bn trong tng lai hng n giao
thng trong trung hn vi nhng mc tiu sau:
(1) Xy dng nhng vng ITS an ton v kin
c nhm lm gim cc v tai nn n con s
Khng.
(2) Dng cung ng dch v v hu cn c ci
thin v s pht trin ca h thng xe li t ng
trn nhng di ng gii hn, vi mc tiu gim
tc nghn giao thng n khng trn nhng phn
ng ny.
(3) Thng mi ha h thng nh hng,
mang li nhng tri nghim giao thng th v hn
trong mt vng giao thng thoi mi, bao gm
vic trin khai Thnh ph thng minh,
qung b vic s dng a mc ch ca ETC v
vic cung cp thng tin n tc giao thng
(4) t ra mt nn tng ITS ton din.
Ngun : ITS Japan (2003)
Khung 8:
Tiu chun ha ITS ti Trung Quc
Mc d s pht trin ITS Trung Quc bt u
vo nhng nm 1970 vi vic thit lp nhng tn
Hnh 16
hiu giao thng u tin v nhng nghin cu
H thng giao thng

th pht trin ton din
ban u v h thng giao thng tin tin , cng
Singapore vi nhn t
s pht trin nhanh chng ca nn kinh t trong
ITS vng chc.
nhng nm 1980 v 1990 dn n tnh trng

30
giao thng b phn tch, ng c thu ph v h

thng giao thng cng cng c rt nhiu thnh
ph v trong nhiu ng dng lin th.
K t u nhng nm 1990, Vin Nghin Cu
ITS (mt phn ca vin nghin cu ng quc
l) v by gi l Trung Tm ITS Quc Gia c
nhng bc i mang tnh h thng hn vi s
pht trin ca ITS bao gm s pht trin ca
nhng chin lc ITS , nhng tiu chun ITS,
nhng giao thc v d n kim nghim.
K Hoch ITS quc gia cho nm 2001 n nm
2006 cho thy s u tin c a ra nh sau:
Kim nghim ITS th v h thng
ng cao tc lin tnh.
H thng dch v thng tin giao thng hp
nht.
H thng qun l giao thng th
H thng qun l s c
H thng qun l phng tin
H thng qun l phng tin cng cng
ETC;
Kin trc ITS quc gia, tnh v thnh ph
Tiu chun ha
Ngun: Sayeg and Charles (2004b)
Khung 9: Nhng u tin cho ITS

Trung Quc cui nm 2003
S pht trin ca tiu chun ha ITS.;
Thnh lp nhng tiu chun ITS Trung Quc :
Nghin cu chin lc pht trin ITS Trung Quc,
Kin trc ITS ( Kin trc quc gia V2.0 v Kin
Trc ITS tnh v thnh ph )
H thng o to: Thnh lp 6 trung tm o
to ITS trong khu vc.
Nghin cu v pht trin cng ngh: cng sut
giao thng nhng tuyn ng thnh ph.
Thu thp v lin kt thng tin giao thng.
Cng ngh ti u ha cho h thng giao
thng cng cng.
Cng ngh qun l d liu ITS.
Cng ngh nh gi d n ITS.
Pht trin v ng dng DSRC
Kim nghim ITS cc thnh ph : nhng d
n kim nghim 10 thnh ph.;
Kim nghim ITS ng cao tc: H thng
thu ph cu ng, v ETC cho ng cao tc
quc gia (ng cao tc t Bc Kinh n
Shengyang). H thng qun l quc l hp nht,
(ng cao tc t Bc kinh n Tianjin; vng
Langfang); H thng giao thng hnh khch lin
th (Hangzhou Hefei Chengdu
Chongqing);
D n ITS c bit cho Olympics: K hoach

giao thng; H thng qun l giao thng thng
minh; H thng hng dn xe thng minh;
h thng vn chuyn giao thng cng cng;
nn tng thng tin giao thng hp nht.
Khung 10:
S tip cn ton din ca Singapore
S tip cn hp nht ca chnh ph rt r
rng trong nhng nm gn y Singapore.
Chnh ph Singapore thnh lp C quan giao
thng ng b (LTA), di quyn B trng b
thng tin lin lc, vo thng 9/1995 phi kt
hp tt c s n lc trong khu vc giao thng
ng b bao gm s pht trin ca ITS. White
Paper v s thnh lp ca LTA t ra mc
tiu pht trin mt h thng giao thng mang
tm th gii n nm 2010 tng cng cht
lng cuc sng v thc y pht trin kinh t.
Chnh sch c bn c thc hin l cung
cp mt phm vi bao hm cc la chn phng
tin giao thng cng cng cht lng cao vi gi
c hp l v tip tc hn ch t c nhn( bi
gi c v cc phng tin khc).
Trn 10 nm kinh nghim trong vic vn hnh
m hnh ERP hin i( xem hnh 5.1) thay th
khu vc hn ch vn hnh th cng trc ,
LTA li dng tnh linh hot ln hn c
cung cp bi h thng ERP to nn mt s
thay i trong chnh sch giao thng ca
Singapore.C nhiu s ch trng vo kim sot
vic s dng xe c hn l kim sot vic s hu
xe. Thu ban u v ph ng k xe nhn chung
c gim trong khi cu trc thu xe c cng
c hp l ha vi hu ht nhng ch xe c
li t thu xe c hng nm thp hn. Chnh v
s linh hot ca n, (v d gi c bin i), ERP
c th t c s gim st nhanh chng
trong vic s dng phng tin giao thng trong
mng li t 21% vo giai on cao im bui
sng ln 27% trong giai on cao im bui ti
mc d ALS c hon tt t trc.
Singapore ang qung b mnh m s pht
trin cua ITS v cng ngh lin quan h tr
chnh sch m thanh giao thng v nhng t
chc c thm quyn c thnh lp qun l
h thng giao thng.
31
6. K hoch v thc hin
6.1. Lp k hoch
Bc khi u c gii thiu trong vic trin khai
nhng ng dng ITS hiu qu l vic thnh lp mt
k hoch ITS mang tm chin lc v chng trnh
thc hin n. iu ny s m bo rng nhng ng
dng ITS s cung cp ch li cao nht v chi ph hiu
qu nht trong vic gii quyt nhng nhu cu i li
trong khu vc. N cng s gp phn t c s nht
qun trong vic tip cn v cho php nhng d n ITS
xy dng trn cng ngh ct li.
K hoch ITS mang tm chin lc hiu qu nht
cp quc gia, khu vc v thnh ph, hn l hn l
cp a phng, v nhng ng dng ITS thng
thng ng dng cho mt vng hoc thnh ph, bao
gm tr cp cho nhu cu tng trng trong tng lai
v s sn c ca ngun ti tr.
Mt k hoch ITS mang tm chin lc cn c

nhng yu t sau:
1. Nhng nhu cu v thch thc c hin ti v
tng lai v s u tin ca chng
2. Mt bn kim k nhng ng dng ITS ang c
v ang d kin nh nhng n kim nghim,
nghin cu v pht trin hay nhng n sp ti
v ngun ngn sch
3. Mt bn phc tho c s h tng cng ngh hin
A
ti c lin quan n nhng ng dng ITS, c bit
l truyn thng v bt k h thng kin trc v tiu
chun ang trong s dng.
4. Mt bn m t nhng sp xp theo nh ch ang
tn ti v mong mun gm vai tr, trch nhim.
5. Xc nh bn lin quan chnh v quyn li(bng7)
Bng 7: V d v cc bn lin quan cho n ITS

Yu cu hot ng
Qun l giao thng th
c ci thin
Cc bn lin quan
Nhng v d ITS
Nhng c quan qun l giao

thng a phng
Cc cp giao thng c thm
quyn trong khu vc
iu khin tn hiu giao thng

Ph hp vi thi gian thc
S tch hp h thng qun l
giao thng ng cao tc th
v mch giao thng th.
Gii thiu chng trnh u tin
xe but hot ng.
Cc nh iu hnh xe but
Nhng c quan qun l giao
thng a phng
S gim thiu nhu cu s
Nhng nh kinh doanh a phng

dng phng tin giao thng Ngi li xe m t
Cng ng
Ngi iu khin xe ti
Ngi li xe but v GT ng st.
Cc nh qun l v iu hnh
thu ph cu ng
Gii thiu h thng chi tr t Nhng c quan qun l giao
thng a phng.
ng mi
Ngi iu khin xe but, xe
la v hnh khch
ng cao tc, ng thu ph,
qun l v iu hnh ng cao tc.
S qun l c chin lc ca Qun l giao thng a phng
Cnh st giao thng v nhng dch
giao thng lin th
v khn cp
Ngi iu hnh nhng cng ty
xe but, ng st th, nhng
Qu trnh hi nhp tt hn
im dng v im giao ct lin quan
Nhng c quan qun l giao thng
ca cc loi hnh giao thng. Ngi cung cp dch v thng tin
c nhn
Nh sn xut phng tin
Ngun thng tin cp nht, Chen & Miles (2000)
32
Np ph n tc nh chng
trnh np ph n tc Ln n
Thu ph in t khng ngng

ngh
Bn v in t a phng thc
Trung tm iu khin giao thng
ca vng
Pht hin s c
Phn hi khn cp
VMS v h tr thng tin ngi li
Thng tin giao thng a phng
tin
H thng qun l on xe vn
ti trc tuyn
H thng tm kim gn trong
phng tin
Khung 11: S pht trin ca kin trc

ITS V d ca Canada
Kin trc mang tnh logic ca kin trc ITS c
Di s hng dn ca mt ban ch o nhng
i din ca khu vc ring v cng cng t ngnh
cng nghip vn ti Canada, s pht trin ca
kin trc ITS cho Canada khi u t thng 8
nm 1999. Nhn chung, nhng n lc ca Canada
l mt phn ca tng th cng trnh khin trc
ITS cp quc gia ca M v m rng v chuyn
i n cung cp nhng dch v v lnh vc
c bao ph v phn nh s khc nhau
gia cc quc gia v s tn ti ca cc bn lin
quan mi v khc.
S pht trin bao hm vic xem xt ton b
nhng sng kin v tiu chun v kin trc ITS
hp l. Nh vo s xem xt li cng nh u vo
cc bn lin quan tiu biu ca ITS, mt bn phc
tho ban u khun kh kin trc ITS c
xy dng. Dch v s dng, Dch v s dng ph,
Tnh cht th trng c th ng dng Canada.
Theo bn xem xt v nhng bn lin quan n
ITS, Khun kh kin trc ITS sa i c s
dng xc nh c kin trc mang tnh vt cht
v logic ca kin trc ITS cho Canada.
pht trin song song vi kin trc mang tnh vt

cht. iu ny khc vi cng trnh ca M khi m
pht trin Kin trc mang tnh vt cht da trn
kin trc mang tnh logic.
Nhng tiu chun ITS l nn mng cho s thnh
lp mt mi trng ITS m. Nhng tiu chun ny
tr gip cho vic trin khai nhng h thng
tng thch cp a phng, vng lnh th,
quc gia v quc t m khng cn tr s i mi
khi m cng ngh tin tin v nhng cch tip cn
mi xut hin.
Kin trc ITS ca Canada l mt khun kh tham
kho tri rng tt c nhng hot ng ca tiu
chun ITS v cung cp cng c pht hin
khong cch, s chng cho v khng thng nht
gia cc tiu chun.
S pht trin ca cc tiu chun. S pht trin
ca cc tiu chun ITS c thc hin bi T
chc pht trin tiu chun (SDO). Canada l mt
thnh vin ca T chc tiu chun quc t ( ISO )
thng qua Hi ng tiu chun ca Canada v l
mt thnh vin bu c ca ISO/ y ban K thut
204 cho ITS. Canada cng tham gia si ni trong
SDOs da trn M tham gia vo cc hot ng
pht trin tiu chun ITS.
Vai tr ca kin trc Kin trc ITScho Canada

cung cp mt khun kh thng nht cho vic tch
hp nhm dn n s trin khai phi hp cc
chng trnh ITS khu vc ring v cng cng.
Nhng yu cu pht trin tiu chun c phn b
N cung cp mt im khi u m t , cc
theo nhng t chc pht trin tiu chun sau M:
bn lin quan c th lm vic vi nhau t
ASTM (Hip hi vt liu th nghim Hoa K);
c kh nng tng thch gi nhng thnh
IEEE (Vin k ngh in v in t
phn ITS m bo s trin khai ITS thng
nht trong khu vc c a ra. Kin trc ny
SAE (Hip hi k s t ng ha);
m t s tng tc ca nhng yu t vt
ITE (Vin k ngh giao thng)
cht ca nhng h thng giao thng ny bao
gm l khch, xe c, thit b bn ng v trung NEMA (Hip hi cc nh sn xut in quc
tm iu khin. N cng m t nhng yu cu
gia);
ca h thng thng tin v lin lc, d liu c
AASHTO ((Hip hi lm ng cao tc v vn
cn c chia s v s dng nh th no, v
nhng tiu chun c yu cu to thun li
ti M )
cho vic chia s thng tin.Nhn chung, kin trc
Mc d mi hot ng tiu chun c phn b
ITS Canada xc nh c chc nng ca
vo mt t chc pht trin tiu chun ( SDO) ring
cc thnh phn ITS v dng thng tin gia cc
l trong bn ny nhng cn ch rng rt
yu t ITS t c mc tiu ca ton h thng. nhiu n lc tiu chun hp tc vi nhau gia
.
nhiu SDOs ( v d nh NTCIP y ban lnh o
Nhng thnh phn ca Kin trc mang tnh logic
bao gm nhng i din t AASHTO , ITE v
c yu cu trong khun kh kin trc cng
NEMA).
c xc nh, bao gm nhng thnh phn nh
http://www.itscanada.ca/english/architecture.htm
nhng yu cu ca dch v s dng, bn chi tit
cc qu trnh, dng d liu, v s dng d liu. (truy cp 12 thng 3 2004)
Ngun: ITS Canada
33
nh gi nhng tim nng ca ITS gii quyt

nhng nhu cu i li v xc nh nhng ng dng
cng ngh thng tin (IT) u tin trin khai;
Nhng yu cu cho kin trc ITS ( tham kho
khung
11);
K hoch chin lc ITS c tip ni sau bi mt
chng trnh thc hin ITS c th hn, vi nhng
yu t sau:
Mt bn phc tho nhng d n v ng dng ITS
u tin cho vic trin khai- mt bn phn tch nhu cu
cc bn lin quan, khun kh nh ch v nhng yu

cu k thut gip xy dng ln chng trnh tham
kho Khung 12;
Khun kh t chc cho s hot ng v trin khai
caITS, bao gm s tha thun gia cc t chc

khc nhau;
D n c th v s sp xp ngun ti tr , cho thi
k
sp ti, thm vo l d n c xut cho
nhng thi k gia v di hn.
6.2 Chi ph v li nhun ITS

Nhng ng dng ITS thng c chi ph thp trong
tng quan vi c s h tng giao thng truyn thng
v c th gt hi li nhun ng k so vi chi ph hot
ng ban u v hin ti. Tuy nhin, nhng ng dng
ITS c th vn ko theo chi ph ng k. V d nh,
chi ch vn ca nhiu ng dng chnh c th c c
tnh nh sau;
Trung tm qun l giao thng v h thng UTC
hin i c th giao ng chi ph t 50000 USD n
120,000
USD trn mi tn hiu giao thng cho nhng
ng dng ln hn (trn 200 im ) v cng c th bao
gm chi ph pht trin mt trung tm iu khin giao
thng v vi chi ph cao hn , l mt h thng lin
lc chuyn dng.
H thng theo di xe c cho nhng ng dng ln
hn l hng trm phng tin giao thng c th tn
con s t 1,500 USD n 3,000 USD trn vi chic

xe lp t thit b GPS trn cc xe, trung tm hot
ng chnh, my tnh v phm mm chuyn dng cho
vic gim st v iu khin i xe, thm vo l
phng tin lin lc.;
H thng thng tin hnh khch xe but , c thm
voh thng theo di xe but, y thng tin c
phn phi n cc tn hiu VMS cc im dng xe
but, c th tn t 2,000 USD n 10,000 USD trn
mi tn hiu.( bao gm lp t phn mm v phng
tin lin lc) ph thuc vo kch c v loi tn hiu
VMS;
34
Khung 12: K hoch thc hin:

khun kh phn tch
Phn tch cc bn lin quan:
Ai l nhng bn lin quan chnh ca lnh vc
ny v h s b nh hng nh th no?
Mi bn lin quan c nhng ITS no?
K hoch g ( Ngn hn, trung hn, di hn)
m mi bn lin quan c pht trin ITS
Nhng yu t no ca ITS theo k hoch m
mi bn lin quan nhn nhn tch cc v/ hoc
coi l u tin hng u?
C nhng chc nng ITS no m cc bn lin
quan s u t?
Phn tch th ch:
Nhng n v t chc no trong v tr cung
cp lnh o trong vic pht trin ITS lnh vc
ny?
M hnh t chc nh th no th ph hp cho
vic hot ng ITS lnh vc ny?
Sp xp nh ch hin ti n khp nh th no
vi nhng m hnh ny?
C nhng khong cch hay nhc im t
chc r rt no khng? Chng c th c khc
phc nh th no?
Nhng s sp xp t chc, c trong hp ng
v hp php no c yu cu gia cc c
quan? Lm th no chng c gii thiu
tt nht?
Cch no c th c xy dng s ng
thun gia cc bn lin quan i vi ITS theo
k hoch?
Phn tch k thut:
Nhng ng dng ITS no c hot ng
bi cc c quan trong khu vc?
C nhng yu cu g i vi kh nng tng
tc, trong c hin ti v trong k sp ti hoc
k gia trong tng lai?
Cn thit ch no t c kh nng
tng thch v ty chn ch no?
C s lin lc no sn c cho ITS?
D liu hay thng tin cn c trao i gia
cc c quan u?
Bn k thut s v a im c nhc n h
thng ti ch khng?
T in d liu v nhng tiu chun trao i
d liu no c thc hin?
Ngun: Cp nht t bng 4.1, Chen & Miles (2000)
Chi ph ca h thng thu thu cu ng cho

mt tuyn ng thu thu chnh thng vo khong
2% ca tng chi ph vn, nhng mt h thng cc
k tin tin c th ln n 5% trong tng chi ph vn.
Chi ph ang hot ng c th cao v nhng l do
sau:
Bin ch ca trung tm iu khin giao thng v
tm gi xe c.
trung
Chi ph lin lc hin ti v
Khu hao cao cn thit cho vng i ca my
VMS v nhng cng ngh tin tin khc c th
tnh,
thng t hn 10 nm, kh ngn so vi c s h
tng truyn thng
Mc d v nhng l do ny chi ph hot ng hng
nm c th giao ng gia 10% v 50 % ca chi
ph vn, thng c s lng tin tit kim ng k
so vi h thng th cng m chng thay th v/ hoc
nhng ch li khc c th kh cao nh s tr hon
gim v cht lng dch v tng ln, nhng iu
th mang li doanh thu cao hn.
.
V d nh,s lp t ca h thng thu cc xe
trong mt h thng giao thng cng cng c th
tit kim chi ph nhn cng, gim tnh trng gian
ln v tng s thoi mi cho hnh khch so vi
h thng thu cc xe th cng
S rt p lc nu chi ph vn v hot ng ca
nhng ng dng ITS c th phn ha a dng
so vi li ch c th t c. May mn l US
DOT gn y xut bn rt nhiu bn tng

trnh c thm quyn v nhng ti liu khc cung
cp thng tin v gi n v ca nhng cng ngh
ITS (kt hp li c th to nn mt ng dng ITS),
cng nh nhng thng tin v gi trng trng v
nhng ch li c th t c t rt nhiu loi ng
dng ITS.( hy xem thm trn website:
http://benefitcost.its.dot.gov)
Mc tiu ca n cn phi c xc nh r rng
v c chp thun bi cc bn lin quan ch cht.
Tm quan trng v trch nhim ca nhng t ch
thnh vin v thi gian biu hon thnh cng cn
c xc nh.Nhng tip cn tiu chun i vi
qun l n cho nhng n cng ngh thng tin
cn phi c p dng, xem xt rng nhng n
ITS c th c s pht trin phn mm my tnh v
yu t hi nhp cng nh c s h tng v nhng
nhn t cung cp trang thit b.
Trong vic trin khai nhng ng dng ITS, rt ng
xem xt nhng c s cng ngh c bn m ph
bin vi rt nhiu ng dng v xy dng trn nhng
c s c sn nh c s h tng lin lc.
6.4 Hot ng v qun l

Hu ht nhng h thng ITS c mt thnh t qun
Hnh 17
l hot ng hin ti ln, yu cu nhng ngun lc
Ph
xe
c
th c s
(ngi c nng lc, ngun ti tr, v..v)
dng cp vn cho nhng
ng dng ITS
Karl Fjellstrom, Singapore 2004,
6.3 Qun l v trin khai n

Thc hin chng trnh ITS yu cu phi lp k
hoch cn thn v cn nhc nhng d n c th,
s pht trin ca chng, nh gi, la chn v ci
thu c.
S nh gi ca nhng n ITS cn phi xem xt
s kh khn trong vic nh gi ch li da trn qu
trnh phn tch a tiu ch.S nh gi khch quan
v chi ph v ch li ca nhng gii php thay th l
mt yu t quan trng ca vic lp k hoch cho
n.
Ci thu c ca nhng ng dng ITS khc vi ci
thu c ca c s truyn thng v vic xem xt
nhng s khc nhau ny s m bo s thnh cng.
Mt s khc nhau chnh vi cng ngh ITS m lin
quan n my tnh v nhng cng ngh cao khc,
v d, l nhiu cng ngh cao c vng i ngn hn
nhng c s truyn thng.
35
Bng 8: Xem xt cng tc trin khai ca cc d n ITS

Dch v ITS
iu kin tin quyt ca Cng ngh cho php

Nhng trin khai
th ch
ITS ban u
Cnh bo
Kim sot giao

H thng lin lc
S hp tc lin c quan cm bin giao thng Chia s thng tin
thng
Giao thng, cnh st ,
Giao thng
vv
Chia s thng
tin m khng
giao li s iu
khin
Cng thu ph
in t
D on cng ngh
mi
Tho thun gia c quan DSRC

giao thng v cng ty
thu ph cu
ng
transport
agency
& toll
Cc bi kim tra
th nghim ETC
Thng tin
ngi iu
khin m t
S hp tc gia trung
Thu thp v trao i Gi trung tm
tm qun l gao thng
d liu in t
Trang web Internet
v ngi cung cp thng
tin
Qun l qu
cnh
S hp tc gia c quan V tr phng tin

giao thng v qu cnh giao thng v GPS
Chi ph gi Trung
tm cao.
chnh xc ca
thng tin
u tin qu cnh Vai tr v trch

tn hiu giao thng nhim r rng
Ngun: cp nht t bng 5.1, Chen & Miles (2000)
iu ny i hi mt cam kt ang tn ti i vi
vic o to, thu thp v phn tch d liu, xem xt
li sau v s iu chnh phng php.
Mt s hng dn cho vic trin khai nhng n
ITS c a ra trong bng 8.
hot ng vi th nghim a phng v s h tr
6.5 Cp vn ITS
Trc y, ngun ti tr chnh ph thng c bit

c tp trung li mt vng hay mt nc n l
v c y quyn trn mt c s hng nm. By gi
n thay i vi nhng chng trnh nh d n
TEMPO ca y Ban Chu u di chuyn ngun ti
tr n rt nhiu quc gia trong giai on 5 nm.
Tng t nh vy, Hoa K, ngun ti tr thng
qua Lut giao thng vn ti vn ch s hu cho th
k 21 ( TEA 21) cung cp ngun ti tr nh k trong
di hn cho ITS trn c s quc gia cho php s hi
nhp nhiu hn v tng lng tin vo nhng n
di hn.
C ba lnh vc chnh m ITS nhn c ngun ti

tr: Chnh ph, ngun ti tr ca t nhn v kt
hp ca c hai.
6.5.1 Ngun ti tr t chnh ph

Theo truyn thng, nhng nh u t chnh trong
c s h tng, chnh ph hin nay nhn nhn ITS
nh mt phn quan trng ca bc tranh c s h
tng ng ph tng th. Ngun ti tr t chnh
ph c s chn lc cao i vi hu ht cc chnh
ph khng phi nhng lnh vc ti tr m c ng
dng thng mi trc tip.
Mt s bin minh cho chi tiu c to nn da
trn nn tng s nh gi kinh t vi mt s th
nh s gim trong thi gian i li, t l an ton
c nng cao hay s chuyn i phng thc
sang giao thng cng cng v nhng cng ng
c nhn l mang li ch cho kt qu
Mt s lnh vc chnh nhn c ti tr l

C s h tng gim st ng ph.
Trung tm iu khin giao thng.
iu khin v qun l giao thng, v
Dch v thng tin l hnh..
Mt
vi nc nh Canada cng m nhn vai tr
khuyn khch s i mi ITS a phng thng
qua vic h tr nghin cu v pht trin nhng
36
cng nghip. Chnh ph c hai mc tiu l t c

nhng li ch m ITS mang li v xy dng tim
nng a phng cho lnh vc ang ln mnh ny.
6.5.2 Ngun ti tr t nhn

Ti tr t nhn ca ITS xy ra khi c mt s chng
minh thng mi cho vic lm ny. c hiu lc,
ngi tiu dng phi chp nhn tr ph s dng c
s h tng v/ hay dch v m c h tr hay cung
cp bi ITS. C nhiu v d trong c trng hp
bao gm nh thu cu ng, h thng bn th
thng minh, v trong h thng xc nh hng cho
xe t. Trong trng hp nh thu cu ng , chi
ph giao dch thp hn thu c qua cng ngh mi
s xc tin vic tin hnh, h thng xc nh hng
trong xe t c mua bn bi cc th lc cnh
tranh v mt kht vng lm khc i. Theo du on
xe c ti tr bi v nhng ch li r rng m n c
th em li cho nhng cng ty vn ti kia ni m n
c vn dng trit .
Cng c mt s lnh vc m trng hp kinh doanh

gy kh khn trong vic t c mt gii php
thng mi. Thng tin l hnh tin tin l mt
cng ngh ni m s hi lng ca cng chng tr
cho dch v ny lm tr hon vic thc hin v m
hnh gi hp l vn cha c tm ra.
6.5.3 Ngun ti tr kt hp
Cng c mt s lng ngun ti tr nh hn
nhng ang c xu hng tng ln cho ITS n
t s kt hp ca ngun ti tr chnh ph t
nhn khi chnh ph thnh lp ln khun kh
bao gm h tr ti chnh c th c m cho
php vic ti tr t nhn din ra. S kt hp
nh th c th thy trong nhng quyn c
ti tr v hot ng ring l, s dng cng ngh
thu thu in t ( v d nh nhng tuyn ng
thu thu, thu thu xe ti c) v trung tm
qun l giao thng cng t ( M bc-lin v
ng cao tc Hoa K) ni m chnh ph ch
th cng ngh v nhng tiu chun dch v
c lin quan nhng chng c tr bi khu
vc t nhn.iu ny cho php li ch cng ng
c m rng bng cch m bo kh nng
tng tc gia nhng h thng khc nhau
m c th c cung cp bi cc cng ty khc
nhau.
7. Thch thc
Nhiu thch thc c t ra trong vic gii quyt
vn giao thng cho cc chuyn gia ITS khi
nghin cu lp k hoch, trin khai v hot ng
nhng ng dng ITS thch hp vi nhu cu ca mi
thnh ph .
7.1 Nhn thc l cn thit, nhng s

hiu bit cng v cng quan trng
Ti cc thnh ph ang pht trin c s nhn thc
rng ri v ITS nhng li c rt t ngi hiu
r lm th no ng dng ITS hay mt tm hiu
bit ng n v nhng li ch m ITS c th mang
li, hay hiu bit rng s sp xp th ch rt cn
thit lp k hoch , thu thp, tin hnh v hot
ng ITS thnh cng.C rt t nhng v d v ITS
hiu qu nhng nc ang pht trin.
Mt loi ITS chnh nhng thnh ph l h thng
qun l giao thng hay qun l giao thng th
( UTC ). Trong khi nhu cu v UTC thng c
cao, nhn thc v vic UTC l g v n c th
t c nhng g, li thng b phn ng chm
nhng thnh ph ang pht trin. phng Ty,
UTC c coi l mt c ch tch hp chovic
qun l giao thng th, bao gm khng ch my
tnh m tn hiu giao thng v nhng lin kt lin lc,
m cn bao gm ton b c s h tng qun l bao
gm chuyn mn k thut giao thng, Trang thit
b bo tr, giao din chnh tr m c tha nhn l
ng bt k mt t chc chnh ph a phng no.
Tuy nhin, nhng nc ang pht trin, vic thc
hin mt h thng UTC v nhng ITS khc c coi
l liu thuc hon chnh cho tt c nhng vn giao
thng th.Ti sao li phi bn tm n vic lp t
li nhng on giao nhau khi m UTC s gii quyt
mi th? l s k vng ca mt h thng gn vi
ci m k thut cao. Cng bng m ni, tnh hung
ny cng phn no b lm cho nghim trng thm
bi nhng ngi cung cp h thng bun bn qu
nhiu li ch ca cng ngh bi v s quan tm chnh
ca h l to mt ch ng trong ci c gi l th
trng tim nng ln.( Powell, 2003). Khng ch thc
v ITS l cn thit m thc t, n thc s rt quan
trng khi c mt tm hiu bit k cng v nhng gii
hn ca ITS v nhng chnh sch c lin quan, nhng
hnh ng v nhng ng dng ITS b sung.
Mt s phi hp th ch tt v nhng quy trnh t
c nhiu nht t ITS l cn thit.( qun l giao
thng v s c, vv..) . S thiu hiu bit v ITS cho
37
n by gi gy nn nhng thit b bo tr
km cht lng bi nhng c quan c trch
nhim.
7.2 Khun kh chnh sch giao

thng mnh m v c s th ch
cn thit
Hnh 18
Thng tin hnh khch hin
ln trm dng xe but
Luisenplatz, Darmstadt.
Frank Kraatz 2004,
ITS c th l mt b sung quan trng cho nhng

cch tip cn v k thut giao thng v k hoch
giao thng truyn thng.Nh tho lun , ITS
khng th thay th c mt chnh sch giao thng
mnh m , ph hp v nhng nh ch c thm
quyn.
Nhng thc t nhiu thnh ph li khc.Thng
c mt s phn chia nhng ngun lc trong nhng
c quan nh nc m c th ngn cn nhng k
hoch hiu qu v vic trin khai ITS.Kh nng
v k thut cng b gii hn. Vic thiu nhng
chnh sch r rng v s tham gia ca khu vc t
nhn trong vic pht trin ITS cng c th l mt
vn .
Chnh quyn a phng ti nhng quc gia ang
pht trin cn yu v b hn ch trong phm vi ca
h bi nhng chnh sch ca chnh ph quc gia.
Gii quyt nhng vn giao thng th trong
mt nc bng mt cch thch hp v kp thi i
hi s ln mnh trong kh nng ca chnh quyn
a phng.n khi iu ny xy ra v n c th
tn rt nhiu nm, nhng quyt nh u t ca
nhng chnh ph quc gia cho nhng on ng
mi v ITS c lin quan c th c mt tm nh
hng r rt i vi nhng thnh ph trc thuc
trung ng v trong khu vc.
7.3 Vic tch hp sn

phm l rt quan
trng
Thng th nhng thit b
ITS ch c s dng
dng n gin nht ( v d
nh cho vic thu thp d
liu, m khng phi l vic
thc thi ). V thng c rt
t s tch hp nhng h
thng mi m c h thng
di sn. Nhng tiu chun
v c im chi tit ph
hp l cn thit khuyn
khch s pht trin ca

nhng ng dng ITS kin
trc m.
38
Nhng chin lc ITS quc gia v s pht trin

nhng tiu chun ang c tin hnh nhng
nc ang pht trin. Nhng thm ch ni m
vic thc thi tt trong nc, nhng tiu chun v
bin bn cp thnh ph vn cn ang xut hin.
7.4 Vic s dng ngn sch v mua

bn
Nhng vn v vic s dng ngn sch v mua
bn c th cn tr s pht trin ph hp v vic
thuli kt qu ca ITS:
Vic s dng ngn sch c th khng c thc
hin trn nn tng nhiu nm v d nh l mt
vn vi nhiu d n m c th mt hn mt
nm thc hin. V d nh Indonesia, do khng
c nhng nh ti tr trong nhiu nm c th gy
nn hng lot nhng b hp ng nh, km ti u
Vic thiu nhng h thng thu li kt qu minh
bch
thiu s cnh tranh trong u thu c th
dn n vic chn nhng nh thu thiu kinh nghim
cho nhng d n phc tp, nhng cng ngh khng
thch hp hay thuc c quyn vi gi cao c th
khng bao gi hot ng..
Nhng quy nh khng thch hp khc c th

ngn cn nhng gi d n ti u. V d nh
Trung quc, trong chnh quyn a phng, theo nh
quy nh ca chnh ph, vic mua my tnh cho mt
d n UTC c th thng c x l bi mt ban
khc trong cng mt c quan hay vic nng cp
nhng cng trnh dn dng c th b tch ra t quyt
nh mua bn ca UTC. iu ny c th dn n s
thu c khng c s phi hp hay vic mua nhng
thit b khng thch hp.
Nhng bn chi tit c vit vi cng ngh trong
u ni m nhng bn chi tit c vit xung quanh
mt cng ngh c th no , c th dn n vic la

chn nhng cng ngh c quyn, ci m khng phi
lc no cng l s la chn mua bn tt nht.
Nhng quy nh mua bn tr tr m c th gy nn
s tr hon di, c th dn n nhng bn chi tit c
thc vit trong nhiu ngy trc khi qu trnh u
thu din ra.( iu ny khng phi l khng ph bin
vi nhiu nc nh Thi Lan, i Loan,) Khi m
mt bn chi tit nh r mt cng ngh hay mt loi
thit b c th no ( v d nh mt con chp my tnh
c th ), nhng chic my tnh ny by gi tr thnh
qu li thi v cho nhng ngi u thu tng lai
cung cp loi my tnh mi nht th s khng tha mn
c s u thu. y l mt tnh trng ph bin
nhng nc ang pht trin.
8. Chin lc gii quyt nhng

thch thc
Vic gii quyt kp thi nhng th thch c t
ra c th dn n mt s hiu bit nhiu hn v c
th hn v bn cht ca ITS, nhng li ch c th
thu c, v nhng yu cu h tr cho bn thit k
thnh cng, vic mua bn, vic thc hin v hot
ng gia nhng ngi quyt nh v nhm nhn
vin chuyn nghip tt c cc cp chnh quyn v
trong khu vc t nhn.
Nhng chin lc thch hp cp cao bao gm:
Chin lc lnh o thnh lp nn khun
kh
cho ITS Chnh ph quc gia nn cung cp
nhng nh lnh o c th thnh lp mt khun
kh cho s pht trin ca ITS ci m c th t ln
lm u tin v h tr vic thnh lp nn ITS. S pht
trin ca mt chin lc mang tm quc gia cho
ITS --- Chin lc pht trin ITS ca Nht Bn
trnh by Khung 7 mt v d ) l bc khi
u cn thit.Chnh quyn cp quc gia, vng lnh
th v a phng nn c nhng sng kin v :
S pht trin nhng tiu chun bin bn v

nhng chnh sch v chuyn dch nhng tiu chun
ny n
c quan c thm quyn a phng.
Nhm mc tiu h tr nh s pht trin ca
nhngd n biu hin t c u ra c u
tin nh mong mun
y mnh khun kh php lut v quy nh.
Chnh ph cn thit lp nhng cng c hp php

v theo quy nh cho php nhng cng ngh mi
c a vo s dng hiu qu -- v d nh a ra
nhng quy nh ch php vic thc hin bng
in t ( Camera n , camera tc , thu thu,
nhng gii hn giao thng bin i).
Tr gip s pht trin ca chuyn mn khu
vc
t nhn v cng cng a phng
trin, v nhng mi quan h i tc gia khu vc

t nhn v khu vc t nhn cng cng chia s
ngun lc, nguy c v li nhun
Pht trin mt quy trnh mua bn minh bch

v cnh tranh nhng ti liu mu v mua bn
v bn chi tit v chc nng cho nhng ng dng
ITS.
Khuyn khch hp tc quc t. trao i thng
tin v tr gip trong vic thit lp nhng khun kh

thch hp cho ITS trong mi quc gia v mi thnh
Khung 13:
Hp tc ca Chu u vi Trung Quc
.
K t nm 1997, Lin minh Chu u c mt
chng trnh hp tc k thut lu di vi Trung
Quc nhiu lnh vc v cng nghip v cng
ngh trong c bao gm ITS. Khung 8 a ra
mt lot nhng sng kin ITS chnh ban u c
thc hin bi s h tr ca EU.Trong khi Trung
Quc c nhng chng trnh hp tc vi Nht bn
(ITS Nht bn ), c (ITS c), v mt mc no
l M ( ITS M ). Chng trnh hp tc vi EU l
chnh thc nht, lu di nht v hot ng tt nht
Chng trnh ti tr gn y nht ca EU, d n
BITS chnh thc c khi u vo thng
6/2002 nh mt hot ng 15 thng v c ng
ti tr bi chng trnh Truyn thng v cng ngh
thng tin Chu (IT & C) ca y Ban Chu u,
Trong giai on 15 thng, mc tiu chung ca d
n BITS l lm tng vic s dng ca IT&C c
pht trin Chu u cho nhng b phn giao thng
Trung Quc v nhn ring l vic s dng ITS.
BITS hng n:
H tr cng nghip Chu u p li vic xut
hin nhng c hi kinh doanh mi Trung Quc.;
To nn nhng lin hip gia nhng chuyn gia

ITS Trung Quc v Chu u t ngnh cng nghip,
b phn nghin cu v cc nh cm quyn cng
cng.
Tng cng m phn vi cc nh cm quyn
S ph bin ca vic thc hin ITS tt ( nhng c lin quan m ng cho nhng d n hp
bi tp tnh hung..) t trong nc v khu vc trong

tc v cng nghip gia Trung Quc v EU
nghi vn v i xa hn mt lnh vc no
C kin ngh cho nhng hot ng nghin cu
Qung b v nghin cu v pht trin.
Nhng hi tho v chuyn ( bao gm hc t xa ) ITS mi Trung Quc c ti tr bi nhng
bao gm mt lot nhng kha cnh vi nhng chng trnh ca y ban.
v ITS
ti
nh Gii thiu v ITS, Qun l v Hot ng Tip tc thc hin cng trnh ERTICO tng
s c mt ca cng nghip Chu u Trung
ITS, Quan h i tc gia t nhn v cng cng
Quc v,
trong ITS.
Nhng ti k thut tin tin hn
Khuyn khch s hp tc v cng nghip gia
Thc y vic thit lp quan h. tt c cc cp Chu u v Trung Quc v nhng ng dng ITS,
chnh quyn, nhng trung tm nghin cu v pht
nhng d n hp tc v lin doanh,
39
Hnh 19
Bin bo ny l mt phn
ca h thng hng dn
xe khp thnh ph v
cung cp thng tin v
nhng a im cn trng
phc v xe t
Armin Wagner, Frankfurt/M. 2005
ph, v h tr cho nhng chin lc khc c

lit k trn y. Khung 17 a ra nhng v d v
hp tc quc t gia Chu u v rt nhiu cc vng
khc trn th gii bi Hip hi ITS Chu u.
Nhn ra mi lin h gia cc khu vc khc
nhau ITS lin quan mt thit vi nhng sng kin
trong giao thng, cng ngh thng tin, a phng
tin, truyn thng, my tnh v ti sn tr tu. Tp
trung vo ITS l thch hp trong khi nhn ra c
nhng lin kt vi nhng khu vc khc.
9. Ti liu tham kho

Dix M (2004) Central London Congestion
Charging, Presentation at European Conference of Ministers of Transport. An International Conference on Managing Transport
Demand Through User Charges, London.
Fan Y, Khattak, A J and Shay E (2007) Intelligent Transportation Systems: What Do Publications and Patents Tell Us? Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems, 11:2,91-103.
Havinoviski, G and Abu-Gharbieh TW
(2003) FALCON Takes Off: Dubais allencompassing ITS initiative gets underway,
Smart Urban Transport magazine, November
2003.
ITS Japan (2003) ITS Strategy in Japan,Report
of the ITS Strategy Committee,Summary version
July 2003 ITS Strategy Committee.
Chen K and Miles J C (eds)(2004), ITS
Handbook 2nd Edition (Print Version) Pre-pared

by PIARC Committee on Intelligent Transport.
Powell, M (2003), China ITS Primer, article
published in Smart Urban Transport maga-zine,
November 2003.
Sayeg P and Charles P (2004a), ITS in Asia,
Part 1 ITS in ASEAN, market trends and
prospects to 2015, Transport Roundtable
Australasia, Brisbane.
Sayeg P and Charles P (2004b), ITS in Asia,
Part 2 ITS in China, market trends and
prospects to 2015, Transport Roundtable
Australasia, Brisbane.
Stickland (2002), Reflections on Urban Transport in China, Smart Urban Transport maga-zine,
September 2003.
40
10. Cc ngun thng tin
Cc chng trnh ca Chnh Ph

http://ec.europa.eu
Cc t chc ITS
http://www.ten-t.com
ERTICO Europe-wide, not-for-profit,

public/private partnership for the implementation of Intelligent Transport Systems and
Services (ITS) http://www.ertico.com
V an ton giao thng v ng b
ITS America: http://www.itsa.org
CITE is an organisation of universities and

industry associations focused on providing comprehensive advanced transportation
training and education. http://www.citeconsortium.org
ITS Australia: http://www.its-australia.com.

au
ITS Canada: http://www.its-sti.gc.ca/en/

related_sites.htm
ITS Centre, PR China: http://www.itsc.com.

cn
ITS Hong Kong: http://www.itshk.org
http://www.irfnet.org
Mt s ngun khc
ITS Benefits, Costs and Lessons Learned

databases (US DOT) http://www.benefitcost.
its.dot.gov
Road Engineering Association of Malaysia:
ITS Singapore: http://www.itssingapore.org.

sg
ITS Japan: http://www.iij.ad.jp
US DOT ITS/Operations Resource Guide
ITS Taiwan: http://www.its-taiwan.org.tw
http://www.resourceguide.its.dot.gov
World Bank Intelligent Transport Systems
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTTRANSPORT/EXTROADSHI
GHWAYS/0,,contentMDK:20688447~menuPK:
1157552~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSit
ePK:338661,00.html
ITS Korea: http://www.itskorea.or.kr
Cc tiu chun v kin thc

CEN: http://www.cenorm.be/cenorm/index.
htm
http://www.ream.org.my
ISO: http://www.iso.ch/iso/en
Hnh 20
H thng thng tin
Giao thng
Singapore.
41
Ph lc
A: Cc xu hng ton cu v H thng
Giao thng Thng minh
B: Bng ch gii thut ng
43
Ph lc A:
Cc xu hng ton cu v h
thng giao thng thng minh
Hnh thc trin khai ITS nhng vng khc nhau
trn th gii chu nh hng ch yu bi s pht
trin 3 th trng chnh. Vic nghin cu, pht
trin v trin khai cng ngh ITS ch pht trin ch
yu 3 vng: Bc M (c bit l M v Canada),
Chu u v chu (c bit Nht Bn). th
trng chu , nhng bc pht trin ng k u
bt ngun t Australia.
S hp tc quc t v cc vn lin quan n ITS
vn tp trung vo 3 vng pht trin trn vi s gp
mt ca cc t chc v ITS nh ITS America (ITS
ti M), ERTICO (chu u) v ITS Japan ITS ti
Nht Bn (tn trc y l VERTIS). Ba nm mt
ln, Hi Ngh Th gii v ITS c hp tc t chc
bi ERTICO, ITS America v ITS Japan ln lt ti
chu u, Bc M v chu . Bn cnh , c rt
nhiu cc t chc tm c khu vc v quc gia v ITS
nh: T chc ITS chu Thi Bnh Dng c
thnh lp nm 1998 di s h tr ca ITS Autralia,
ITS Taiwan (ITS ti i Loan), ITS Japan v Cng
ng ITS Malaysia, v.v.
Thng 1 nm 2002, ITS America phi hp vi US

DOT a ra K hoch chng trnh ITS tm quc
gia: Tm nhn 10 nm, nh p ng yu cu ca
ISTEA. Vo thng 9 nm 2002, bn b sung ra i
mang tn An ninh T quc vi ITS: S dng H
Khung 14:
K hoch quc gia v chng trnh ITS
Hoa K
Tm nhn: H thng giao thng vn ti
trong tng lai s:
c qun l v vn hnh cung cp mt h
thng giao thng trung chuyn hiu qu, lin
mch cho nhu cu i li v vn chuyn hng ha.
An ton, ph hp vi ngi s dng, nhiu cch
tn v h thng v lun hng n tnh hiu qu,
vn hnh bi thng tin t mt chui thng nht
gm in ton, truyn thng v cng ngh cm
ng.
Bo m, phn ng nhanh trong cc trng hp
khng hong.
Kt qu d tnh
Mt mng li thng tin in t kt hp vn hnh

n vi h thng c s vt cht h tng
Mt h thng bo m c th pht hin v x l

Nhng s pht trin trong thi gian gn y cho thy
khng hong khu vc
nhng n lc nng cao s hp tc quc t, c th
Gim thiu hng hc, phn ng v phc hi
nh vic ERTICO, ITS chu Thi Bnh Dng
nhanh.
v ITS America lin kt li to ra mt tm nhn
Thng tin cho ngi vn hnh v ngi dng
ton cu v ITS trong tng lai v i n s ra
gip gim n tc v tng cng sut s dng.
i ca ti liu: H thng Giao thng Thng minh
C s vt cht, cng ngh v thng tin hu dng
trong tng lai vo thng 10 nm 2002. Ti liu
trong vic gim tiu th nng lng v
ny ch r giao thng th k 21 s tr nn an ton
nhim mi trng.
hn, sch hn, hiu qu hn, bo m hn, v sn

c hn p ng nhu cu ln hn nh c vic ng
dng hiu qu cng ngh thng tin my tnh trong
giao thng vn ti nh th no.
Xu hng ITS Bc M
Hoa K chnh l quc gia tin phong trong vic a
ra khi nim v cu trc ca cuc cch mng ITS
trong giao thng vn ti. Ban Giao thng Vn ti
Hoa K (DOT) chia K hoch Quc gia v Chng
trnh ITS thnh 3 phn ring bit: 1) Lp k hoch
cho chng trnh trong tm nhn 5 nm; 2) Lp k
hoch cho chng trnh trong tm nhn 10 nm;
3) Chin lc trin khai ITS tm quc gia.
44
Mc tiu
an ton: gim 15% t l ngi cht v tai nn
giao thng nm 2011, gim 5000 7000 ngi
cht mi nm.
An ninh: c bo v tt khi cc cuc tn cng
v phn ng mt cch tch cc trong cc thm
ha do thin nhin hay con ngi gy ra.
Tnh hiu qu/ tit kim: tit kim t nht 20 t -la
mi nm thng qua vic nng cao lu lng
v cng sut nh ci thin thng tin, qun l h
thng v ngn chn n tc.
Tnh c ng v d tip cn: Lun cung cp
thng tin nhm h tr cc phng n i li ni
tip, khng t qung.
i vi nng lng v mi trng: tit kim t
nht 1 triu gallon nhin liu mi nm v gim
thiu lng kh thi tng ng.
Ngun:
ITS M (2002) D tho chng trnh ITS quc gia: Tm nhn 10 nm
thng Giao thng Thng minh ci thin v h

tr An ninh T quc (Xem bng 14). K hoch
ny pht trin mt chui cc ti mang tnh
quy trnh v cc ti c tnh kh dng cao
m t nhng c hi, li ch v thch thc. Cc
ti c quy trnh cho thy nhng c hi ng dng
cng ngh vo gii quyt cc vn v cc phng
n u tin ca vn ti ng thy v ng b,
trong khi cc ti c tnh kh dng li l nn
tng cho vic ng dng cng ngh
k thut v phi hp v mt t chc ca h thng

giao thng vn ti
.Thit lp cc tiu chun k thut: bn cnh vic
xy dng mt cu trc vn hnh chung tm c
quc gia, tnh thng nht v mt k thut cng
cc k quan trng. Nu khng c cc tiu chun
k thut, cc cng trnh ITS thc cht s khng
c s phi hp nhp nhng, thm ch khng c gi
tr s dng nh nhau cc cng khc nhau trong
cng mt quc gia.
Hnh thnh h thng kin thc chuyn su: Vic
ng dng ITS i hi rt nhiu k nng mi v
k thut h thng, in t v thng tin.
lm cho cc phng n ITS tim nng tr nn

ph hp hn vi trng thi ri rc hin ti ca h
thng giao thng, Ban Giao thng vn ti Hoa K
(US DOT) ang p dng chnh sch khuyn khch
Cc chng trnh h tr nghin cu v pht trin cc
pht trin h thng giao thng thng minh m trong phng n v ITS ca M hnh thnh nn phn
cc phn t lin kt cht ch v mt k thut v ct li ca chng trnh ITS (xem bng 15)
phi
hp nhp nhng v mt t chc. C 4 bin php Xu hng ITS Chu u
c th nh sau:
Th hin nhng ch li ca ITS: Cp kinh ph cho Cng tc pht trin v trin khai ITS chu u
khong 12 trang web vi mc ch tuyn truyn c nh hng bi Cng ng Chu u (EU) v
nhng li ch ca c s h tng ITS, khuyn khch hng lot cc chng trnh nghin cu nhiu kha
khu vc chnh quyn v cng cng ng tnh ng cnh, din ra trong nhiu nm lin. Vic nghin cu
ITS, trc kia c gi l vin thng giao thng
h v u t xy dng c s h tng ITS.
Thc y hot ng cp vn: Tuy ITS ang ngy (transport telematics), c y nhanh tin bi
chng trnh DRIVE. Thnh cng ca nhng d n
cng pht trin nh c cc chng trnh trin

DRIVE trc dn n s ra i ca ERTICO
khai trong giao thng ng thy v ng
b, nhng cch thc ny cha phi l chc chn, (European Road Transport Telematics Implementation
Coordination Organization) vo nm 1991. Xem danh
ti u v c h thng. Trong khi , vic thc
y hot ng cp vn li rt hiu qu trong vic sch cc d n ca ERTICO xem ti bng 16.
ngn chn tnh ri rc trong h thng giao thng,
White Paper ca y ban Chu u v chnh sch Giao
v thm ch cn pht trin tnh lin kt v mt
Khung 15:
Cc phng n nghin cu ITS chnh
M
V an ton
lin kt ca c s h tng phng tin
H thng An ton thng nht da trn phng
tin
H thng ngn nga va chm trn giao l
9-1-1 th h mi
Phng n an ton giao thng vng nng thn
Hot ng giao thng khn cp
Tnh lu ng
Qun l hnh lang thng nht
Dch v di ng dnh cho mi cng dn M
H thng quan st v d bo thi tit ng
b v ng thy quc gia
9-1-1 th h mi
Cc phng n gii quyt n tc
V tnh hiu qu
Qun l vn ti hng ha bng in t
thng European Transport Policy for 2010: Time to

decide nu r chin lc cho 10 nm ti. ITS
xut hin trong nh mt im c trng cho c
mc ch v mc tiu ca chnh sch.
c chia ra thnh 4 phn v: MODAL SHIFTS, hn

ch hin tng tht c chai, nhu cu ca ngi s dng
v ng dng trong thi i ton cu ha. White Paper
cng a ra 60 bin php nhm t c mc tiu mt
chnh sch thn thin vi cng dn. Bn cnh , chnh
sch mi ban hnh v giao thng cng nhn mnh mt
cch t nh vo cc vn lin quan n an ton giao
thng, v mi trng v nhng tng hng n s
pht trin th trng bn vng.
Vic s dng cc ng dng v cng ngh ca h thng
giao thng thng minh l mt trong nhng im ch ao
ca chnh sch mi. ITS xut hin trong nhng bin php
v hot ng c th, cng nh trong cc gii php c th
t c nhng mc tiu ch yu m chnh sch ny
a ra.
45
Khung 16: Cc d n ca ERTICO

ERTICO tham gia vo rt nhiu d n v ITS, hu
ht cc d n u c ti tr bi EC. ERTICO
ng vai tr iu phi vin d n.
3GT: thit lp mt nn tng v vin tin trong
phng tin giao thng
ActMAP: L mt bn thc s v ch ng
i vi cc ng dng vin thng trong giao thng
BITS: L cu ni gia ITS ca chu u v Trung
Quc.
E-MERGE: pht trin dch v gi trc tuyn
xuyn chu u
EMILY GNSS: Tch hp t bo
e-Thematic: mng li v ch pht trin
thng qua in t
EVI: nghin cu v kh nng nhn dng phng
tin in t
FRAME-S v FRAME-NET: khung nn cho kin
trc v h tr/bo tr h thng ITS chu u.
LOCOPROL: nh v v bo v tu ha v tinh
an ton tuyt i.
PRETIO: xc nhn th trng cho ITS a
phng tin bng h thng truyn thng hn
hp.
RESPONSE2: Cc kha cnh nhn bn, h
thng v php l ca h thng an ton ch ng.
SAGA: t chun cho Galileo.
SIMTAG: an ton trong vn ti chung chuyn
quc t.
SIT: Vn ti trung chuyn an ton v bo m.
VERA2: Thc hin theo di video xuyn bin
gii ca hu ht cc nc chu u.
.
Cc d n hon thin
AGORA: Thc hin phng php nh v ton
cu.
DELTA: S thng nht v mt l thuyt ca vic
dn nhn thu ph DSRC.
DIAMOND: Dch v ITS a truyn thng thng
qua DAB
Digital Tachograph: c a ra EU, cc
nc Trung v ng u.
EU-SPIRIT Ln l trnh trn Internet tn ni
ITSWAP: xc tin qung co cho ITS thng qua
WAP.
NextMAP: Ci thin cht lng c s d liu
bn k thut s.
PEACE: Cng ty lin doanh ngnh cng nghip
gia M v Trung Quc.
TELEPAY: chi tr trong giao thng qua in
thoi di ng
TRIDENT: Trao i d liu a phng thc.
Ngun : ERTICO
46
Tng cng an ton giao thng l mt trong nhng

mc tiu c bn ca chnh sch mi v giao thng
ny. EC t mc tiu gim 50% s lng nn
nhn ca cc tai nn giao thng vo nm 2010 bng
cch khuyn khch p dng cc cng ngh mi
nhm a vo th trng cc loi phng tin mi
c tnh an ton cao.
gim thiu n tc giao thng, White Paper
khuyn khch cc bin php qun l nht nh c
s lin kt trn ton chu u, ng thi ra sc
ng h s thnh lp cc k hoch qun l giao thng
chung gia cc lin kt ch yu trn ton chu u.
Cc cng c ca ITS c lp i vi nhng chc
nng ca cc lin kt ny v mt thu thp d liu
v lan truyn thng tin.
White Paper cng cho rng chu u cn phi cn
nhc li vai tr quc t ca mnh nu thnh cng
trong vic pht trin mt h thng giao thng bn
vng v gii quyt vn n tc giao thng v
nhim mi trng. Vic lin kt cc nc Trung
v ng u mi gia nhp vi ton b chu u s
tr nn d dng hn nh c cng ngh ITS. S
xut hin ca ng h o tc k thut s cc
nc ny ch l mt trong nhiu v d v vic s
dng hiu qu ITS.
GNSS: H thng nh v ton cu bng v tinh

Hng lot cc dch v ca vic ng dng GNSS
trong giao thng rt c th s ci thin hiu qu
giao thng. GALILEO l mt phng n kt hp
ca EU v C quan V tr chu u, v thit lp
h thng nh v tinh v ton cu u tin phc v
nhu cu ngi dn. Phng n ny c m rng
sang hp tc quc t v hot ng mang tnh cht
thng mi.
GALILEO bao gm mt chm 30 v tinh, bay theo
qu o cao 24000 km, gip gii quyt rt nhiu
vn v giao thng v vn chuyn ca rt nhiu khu
vc trn th gii. l v ngi s dng c th tip cn
d dng hn vi nhng tn hiu ca v tinh nh v vi
tin cy m bo cng nh hiu qu v chnh xc
cao hn rt nhiu.
Cc b tip nhn nh v v tinh hin nay thng

Xu hng ITS Nht Bn
Nht Bn theo ui vic pht trin cng ngh ITS
c ci t trong cc loi xe t hin i v c
s dng nh mt cng c thit yu cung cp cc t nhng nm 70 ca th k 20, v hin nay ang l
dch v mi n ngi tham gia giao thng nh: sc nc ng u th gii v nhiu lnh vc ca ITS,
pin in t, thng tin giao thng cp nht, iu khin c bit l h thng thng tin bn trong phng tin
giao thng v cc trung tm in ton ha iu khin
giao thng th, qun l tc , x l trong tnh
giao thng.
hung khn cp, tr gip trong cc trng hp h
. Chnh ph ph trch ITS thng qua 4 c quan trc
hng, ch ng, iu chnh s ngi trn xe, iu
thuc B. Trc y, s cnh tranh v quyn hn gia
khin xe v h thng tr gip li xe
cc c quan km hm s pht trin ca vic trin
khai ITS. Tuy nhin trong vai tr lm gng cho s
R rng, ta c th thy rt nhiu li ch i vi
pht trin kinh t chu , cc c quan b qua
vic vn hnh giao thng v vn ti hng ha nh: nhng s bt ng quan im, phi hp vi nhau thng
chng trnh ch ng, h thng chi tr ph cu
qua Hi ng Lin B.
ng in t, thng tin cho ngi tham gia giao
VERTIS (vit tt ca Vehicle, Road and Traffic
thng, iu khin tu, qun l hnh khch v hng Intelligence society) c quan t nhn trong lnh vc
ha, tm kim v nh v.
ITS ca Nht Bn, hin nay l ITS Japan, tr thnh
c quan c vn chnh ca Hi ng Lin B trong mi
lnh vc lin quan n ITS.
Khung 17:
Hot ng hp tc quc t ca ERTICO
Trong iu kin cnh tranh v th thch ton cu,
nhng doanh nghip v nh nghin cu v doanh
nghip ang sp xp li ngng hot ng R&D ca
mnh v p dng nhng chnh sch m, tham gia
vo ngy cng nhiu nhng hot ng hp tc quc
t, tng hp nhng ngun lc khoa hc v cng
nghip. Do nhng mi lin kt v cng ngh ngy
cng tr nn phc tp, vic mt quc gia hay c
nhn bit lp c th c c cng ngh v cch
thc hon ho to lp v duy tr v tr ng u
trong mt lnh vc ca ITS l rt kh. Cng vi vic
chi ph nghin cu ngy cng tng, tt c dn n
mt thc t: hp tc quc t l mt chin lc kinh
doanh quan trng trong tng lai.
Bng vic ng gp cho qu trnh thit lp nhng
tiu chun chu u cc th trng ang pht
trin, cc hot ng hp tc quc t to ra c
hi tip cn th trng i vi cc i tc ERTICO.
tn dng c iu ny, ERTICO y mnh
ng k cc hot ng hp tc quc t ca mnh
trong nhng nm gn y, v t nhng th
trng u tin ch o c xc nh:
Chu (Trung Quc, n )
Chu Phi (Nam Phi)
Nam M (Braxin)
SIMBA l Quan h hp tc nghin cu tng
cng giao thng ng b gia chu u v cc
th trng ang pht trin.
SIMBA l s kt hp ca chu u v cc nc:
Braxin, Trung Quc, n v Nam Phi, vi mc
tiu to ra mt mng li hp tc quc t, nhm
tng cng an ton giao thng, tng cng tnh
.
linh ng v hiu qu giao thng thng qua s

dng ITS, pht trin cng ngh t ng ha v
ci thin c s h tng ng x
tng ban u ca SIMBA l cc bn lin quan
t 4 khu vc c th thit k v thi cng cc gii
php giao thng ng b hiu qu hn thng qua
vic tng hp tt c nhng kin thc v kinh
nghim chuyn mn.
Vi mc tiu ny, SIMBA s vch ra cc hot ng
R&D, chnh sch v yu cu trong tng lai tm
quc gia v khu vc, cng nh a ra cc minh
chng v t chc cc hi tho, cc cuc hp gia
cc doanh nghip v cc chuyn tham quan trong
lnh vc cng nghip, nhm em li mi lin h mt
thit gia cc c nhn v cng ty ca 4 khu vc.
(www.simbaproject .org)
MODIBEC: Thit lp quan h hp tc hi t truyn
thng s, vi truyn thng di ng gia chu u v
Trung Quc.
Vic tch hp cc cng ngh truyn thng s vi
truyn thng di ng gip truyn ti cc dch v
d liu v truyn hnh n tay ngi nhn. Do sc
mnh tng hp gia cng ngh truyn thng v
cng ngh di ng ngy cng thy r, nn cng
nghip truyn thng v vin thng ang kt hp
cc mc tiu tn dng ti a c hi tim nng t
vic m ca.
K hoch phi hp hnh ng MOBIDEC t mc
tiu thc y v h tr pht trin hp tc RTD gia
EU v Trung Quc trong lnh vc ni trn.
http://www.modibec.org
Ngun: ERTICO
47
Trc khi xut hin thut ng ITS, Nht Bn l

nc dn u th gii v trin khai ITS. Vo nhng
nm 70 ca th k 20, NPA thit lp trung tm diu
khin tn hiu bng in ton u tin ca Nht Bn,
t ti Tokyo (hin nay trung tm ny vn l trung
tm ln nht th gii) v tham gia vo vic lp
t cc tr s tng t trn ton lnh th.
Trong nhng nm 80 ca th k 20, ngnh cng
nghip my t ng Nht Bn cng tc vi nhau
trong vic pht trin v thc hin h thng nh v
v thng tin trong cc phng tin giao thng. Khi
, hn 2.5 triu h thng cng loi c bn ra
th trng, trong bao gm c nhng b phn
tng thch VICS ci tin. Hin nay Nht Bn
thit lp c mt th trng tiu th cho cc loi
phn mm trong xe hi, v th trng ny s cn tip
tc pht trin.
Nhng thnh qu quyt nh ca ITS Nht Bn tnh
n nay:
CACS (H thng iu khin Giao thng T ng
Ton din) mt d n qun l bi NPA vo gia
nhng nm 70 ca th k 20, a ra nhng minh
chng chng minh cho tnh kh thi ca cng ngh
ITS v cng l d n tin phong cho nhng chng
trnh tip theo.
VICS ( H thng Truyn thng v Thng tin ca
phng tin giao thng) c bt u v thng 4
nm 1996, cung cp cho ngi dng nhng thng tin
cp nht v giao thng thng qua h thng nh v
tnh. Tnh n thng 3 nm 2003, c n 7.8 triu h
thng VICS c s dng trong 12,9 triu b phn
nh v trong phng tin giao thng.
UTMS ( H thng Qun l Giao thng Ton cu) l
d n c nh hng bi NPA, cung cp dch v
iu khin giao thng thi gian thc v trao i
thng tin gia cc trung tm iu khin giao thng.
y l mt bn thuyt minh cc c tnh k thut
trong vic qun l giao thng tin b.
ETTM ( Qun l giao thng v l ph cu ng):
vic th nghin cng ngh mi c hon thnh vo
nm 1997. Nht Bn lp t di bng tn tn s
5,8 GHz dng DSRC trong h thng ETC Tnh n
nm 2004, dch v ETC c ci t hu ht tt c
cc trm thu ph trn khp Nht Bn, vi 1,8 triu
n v thit b (tnh n 2010 l 10 triu n v).
Phng tin An ton Cng ngh cao (ASV) v H
thng Phng tin Siu thng minh (SSVS). ASV
bao gm cc khi nim nh: qun l l trnh thng
minh v trnh va chm. SSVS c thit k ph hp
48
vi nhng ngi li xe ln tui v tp trung

nhiu hn vo cc khi nim v ng cao tc
t ng hin i.
Mt k hoch quc gia v ITS c a ra vo
thng 7 nm 1996, c s ng ca 5 B v C
quan chnh yu, mang tn K hoch chin lc v
ITS Nht Bn, vch ra con ng trin khai ITS
nc ny n nm 2015.
Khung18:Chnh sch ITS Nht Bn

Cc mc tiu v ITS c phn loi nh sau:
V an ton v an ninh: ITS Nht Bn trc
ht t mc tiu ta ra mt vng mu c t l
ngi cht do tai nn giao thng bng khng.
Sau , vng mu ny s c nhn rng ra
trn ton quc, v lm gim 50% t l ngi
cht v tai nn giao thng nm 2010.
V hiu qu v bo v mi trng, ITS t
ra mc tiu to ra mt vng khng c n tc
giao
As thng, t gim lng kh thi CO2 t
cc phng tin giao thng xung trc nm
2010 theo ng mc tiu ca chnh ph t ra
t nm 1995.
V tnh thun tin v thoi mi, ITS Nht Bn
t mc tiu nng cp c s h tng giao
thng, t cung cp mt mi trng giao
thng tin li, bin vic giao thng cc thnh
ph tr thnh mt tri nghim th v i vi
ngi tham gia giao thng, t ngi i b, li
xe hay hnh khch ca cc phng tin giao
thng cng cng.
Vin cnh t ra trong tng lai ca ITS Nht
Bn s l mt ni:
Cc vng ITS an ton v m bo an ninh
c xy dng, vi mc tiu gim t l ngi
cht do tai nn giao thng xung bng khng.
Quy trnh hu cn c ci thin v s pht
trin ca cc h thng li xe t ng trong cc
phng tin hu cn trn cc tuyn ng hp,
vi mc tiu khng cn n tc giao thng.
Vic thng mi ha h thng nh v, bin
giao thng tr thnh mt tri nghim th v trong
mt vng giao thng tin li, trong c s
trin khai ca cc d n Thnh ph thng
minh trn ton quc, thc y vic s dng a
mc ch ca ETC v h thng thng tin n tc
giao thng.
To dng mt nn tng ITS hon thin.
Source: ITS Japan (2003)
.Nm 2003, Nht Bn pht trin Chin lc ITS

Nht Bn lm r nhim v ban u ca ITS v
thit lp Chin lc v ITS trn tm quc gia v
quc t. Mc tiu ca ITS v cc chin lc tm v
m c a ra Bng 18.
Xu hng ITS c
c l mt trong nhng nc u tin pht trin h
thng ITS, trong c th k n Sydney
Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System SCATS
h thng giao thng c pht trin Sydney vo
nhng nm 1960 i ph vi tnh trng gia tng
n tc giao thng. SCATS tr thnh mt trong
nhng h thng iu khin giao thng hng u th
gii, v ang c s dng ti hn 40 thnh ph trn
th gii, kim sot hn 7000 b tn hiu giao thng.
Nghin cu cho thy SCATS c th lm gim n
12% lng tiu th xng du.
Chnh sch ngha v v giao thng ng b ca cc
bang v vng lnh th cng l mt hng dn dnh
cho cc vng trong vic pht trin cc chin lc
ITS ca mi vng. Vi mc ch xc tin v p dng
cng ngh ITS, ITS Australia (ITSA) c thnh
lp vo nm 1992, vi mc tiu h tr s pht trin
ca mt h thng giao thng an ton, hiu qu v
thn thin vi mi trng. ITSA t mc tiu cung
cp 1 din n phc v cho vic pht trin v hp
nht cc cng ngh, h thng v cc chun ITS, cng
vi s trao i thng tin; ng thi nng cao nhn
thc v li ch ca ITS cng nh ci thin hiu
qu ca cc h thng giao thng Australia, thng
qua vic p dng cng ngh ITS.
Nm 1999, Chin lc quc gia v H thng Giao
thng Thng minh vi tn gi e-transport c
cng b, bao gn nhng chin lc c bn sau:
m bo cc tiu chun quc gia v
To ra mt khung cu trc tm quc gia
Nng cao nhn thc ca ngi dn v cc ngnh
cng nghip
To nn mt ngnh cng nghip ITS mang tnh cnh
tranh cao ca Australia
Tng cng hp tc quc t
Thit lp v qun l cc d n lin quan.
Sau y l mt s v d v vic p dng ITS
Australia:
H thng trm thu ph in t Moelbournes City
Link: ng dng thu ph lin hi s dng DSRC 5.8
GHz u tin trn th gii.
Safe-T-Cam: h thng theo di xe hng nng

thng qua my quay hoc my tnh, c pht trin
NSW, c t cc v tr thun li trn cc trc
ng chnh, gp phn tng an ton giao
thng v chp hnh lut php i vi xe ti.
Cng tc phng sng m trn ng cao tc
F6 pha Nam Sydney c trang b cc bin bo
gim tc ti hn theo tng iu kin. H thng
ny cng thm d tc ca cc xe ang ti gn,
ng thi bo hiu v a ra cc thng dip dnh
cho nhng ngi li xe tc qu cao.
ng cao tc Nam Adelaide: ng cao tc 3
ln xe vi cc dng phng tin 2 chiu phc v gi
cao im.
D n Intelligent Access tm quc gia s to tin
cho cng tc qun l xe hng nng linh ng v
hiu qu hn thng qua theo di v tinh.
H thng Melbournes Drive Time thm d tc
giao thng trn cc tuyn cao tc th, t
cung cp thng tin v thi gian i li nhm trao i
thng tin.
D n Xe but Thng minh Melbourne nhm u
tin cc tuyn xe but chy cui ngy qua cc bin
bo giao thng v cung cp thng tin thi gian thc.
Tnh n nay, cs khong 270 t chc pht trin
hoc xut khu cc cng ngh ITS Australia. Mc
d ngnh cng nghip ny ca Australia cn kh
nh so vi tiu chun quc t nhng n li c nhng
lnh vc c bit rt pht trin, v d nh h thng
qun l giao thng thi gian thc nng cao, theo du
phng tin giao thng, qun l vn chuyn hng
ha v ln l trnh (trong c vic qun l hnh
khch v bc d hng trn xe taxi), h thng thu ph
hp nht v s dng camera an ton.
Qu trnh pht trin ca cc tiu chun ITS
Cc cng ngh ITS mi xut hin ang trn con
ng tin n vic p ng cc tiu chun cng
nghip. Thng thng, mi ng dng ca ITS s c
mt tiu chun quc gia, sau ng dng ny s t
to ra mt tiu chun ca ring cc vng (nh tiu
chun CEN ca EU). T nm 1990, Hoa K, Nht
v chu u bt tay vo pht trin kin trc h
thng ITS. T vic pht trin tm khu vc v quc
gia, cc tiu chun v ITS c sng lc thng
qua tiu chun ISO t n tm ghi nhn quc t.
ISO v ITS c tp trung hi ng TC204.
Do thiu vng mt cu trc h thng lin chu u,
cc tiu chun lin quan n ITS u pht trin theo
hng khng an ton.
49
Tuy nhin cng c mt li th, chnh l t chc

tiu chun chu u CEN ng vai tr qun l v xc
tin cc tiu chun ca chu lc ny. Vic pht trin
cc tiu chun ITS tp trung Hi ng K thut 278
ca CEN (TC278) v Giao thng ng b v Vin
tin trong giao thng c thnh lp gia nm 1991,
tr thnh tiu chun ngang tm ISO c nht ca chu
u.
V phng din lch s, s thnh lp CEN v mt
phn do thm quyn ln ca cc thnh vin ISO chu
u lm cho tiu chun ISO v ITS thin v hi
hng ca chu u. Hip nh Vin c k kt gia
ISO v CEN dn n vic cc nhm nghin cu
cng vn ca 2 t chc trao i kin vi nhau v
a ra nhng tiu chun c c 2 bn ng thun.
ISO bt buc phi hng ra th gii, v s pht trin
nhanh chng gn y ca khu vc chu v cng
nghip (c bit l in ton v truyn thng) v t
ng ha s nh hng ln n vic nghin cu pht
trin B tiu chun ISO v ITS. S tham gia ca cc
nc chu TC204 ch yu l s gp mt ca Nht
Bn v Hn Quc. Ti Hi ngh chuyn ITS Chu
Thi Bnh Dng thng 3 nm 1997, cc i biu
t cc vng nht tr ch ng dng cc tiu chun
da trn chun ISO trong tt c nhng cng trnh ITS
trong tng lai.
Tm tt cc xu hng quc t v ITS:
C cc xu hng chnh sau:
S h tr mnh m v tp trung ca Chnh ph i
vi nghin cu v pht trin ITS.
Cc hot ng phi hp gia khu vc t nhn v
cng cng (thng qua cc t chc ITS quc gia)
S ng nht v pht trin ca cc kin trc quan
trng (nh kin trc quc gia)
Tp trung theo c 2 hng: t di ln v t trn
xung, to ra s ng lng nht tr.
Nhu cu pht trin cc tiu chun phc v cho
vic trin khai ng dng (cng nh vic to ra cu ca
ngi tiu dng v cc sn phm ITS)
Tp trung tin hnh v nh gi nhng li ch c
c t ITS.
Thit lp hot ng ITS thnh nhng xu hng ch
o.thng qua ban hnh chnh sch quc gia v vng
min.
An ton v An ninh
ng dng thng minh trong cc loi phng tin
giao thng, trong c iu khin chuyn i thng
minh, h tr li xe (v d: ci thin tm quan st),
50
trnh va chm v tn hiu tr gip khng dy t ng

trong cc trng hp hng hc. Tt c u xut hin
ngy cng nhiu trong cc loi xe i mi.
Qun l tc nng ng, s dng nhng gii hn
tc a dngv c ch thch ng tc thng minh
nhm iu khin tc t ng.
Cng ngh nh v phng tin theo du v nh
v cc phng tin giao thng, cng nh nhng vt cn
nguy him.
X l tnh hung giao thng
Cng ngh pht hin phng tin ngy cng c
ci thin, trong c h thng quan st v hng ngoi
v k thut pht hin v x l tnh hung, trong c
nh v in thoi di ng.
S dng nhiu h thng iu khin phn ln v o
dc tng tnh hiu qu ca vic s dng c s h
tng sn c.
Vn chuyn hng ha
Weigh-in-motion v h thng qua ca t ng nhm
nng cao nng sut lm vic ca li xe, thm vo l
iu khin di chuyn ca cc hng ha nguy him cng
nh ci thin tnh bo m
H thng an ton giao thng cho xe hng nng, trong
c h thng cnh bo nhng on ng khc
khuu.
Ci thin vn chuyn hng ha cc loi thng qua ci
thin h thng thng tin (hi quan, giy y nhim an
ton, thu, thng tin hng ha) to iu kin pht trin
vn chuyn hiu qu gia cc loi phng tin v
xuyn bin gii.
Thng tin giao thng thi gian thc c ci thin
nhm tng tin cy v gim chi ph
Kh nng tp trung xe ti theo i phc v vn chuyn
hng ha thng mi, di hnh thc mt on xe chy
ni tip nhau bng nhng mc ni in t gia cc xe.
Giao thng cng cng v qu cnh
u tin xe but thng qua bin bo trn cc ng u
tin xe but v cc ch giao vi ng i ca xe but.
Tnh thng nht gia cc dch v qu cnh v giao
thng cng cng (ng st, xe but, v.v) thng qua
thng tin hnh khch (trc v trong chuyn i), qu
trnh lun chuyn xe but nhanh chng (nh v
phng tin, bin bo u tin, thng tin hnh khch
thi gian thc.
Cung cp h thng thu ph v bn v tch hp bng th
thng minh.
Ci thin dch v qu cnh thng qua h thng thng
tin thi gian thc v qun l dch v xe but thng qua
ci thin qu trnh qun l i xe thng qua h thng
nh v GPS.
Module 4e:H Thng Giao Thng Thng Minh
Gi c v cc loi ph
H thng thu ph in t v t gi cho cc dch v
cu ng, bao gm hp tc cng cng t nhn
thng qua h thng kim tra in t dnh cho vic
chi tr v chp hnh lut l ca nhng ngi iu
khin.
t gi (trn cc ng thu ph ng c) c
tin hnh bi h thng nh gi cu ng in t,
tnh cc ph cao hn i vi gi cao im, khuyn
khch tham gia giao thng co cc gi khc, bng
cc loi phng tin khc nhau v trn nhiu l
trnh khc nhau. Vic t gi ny m bo vic
vn hnh cc dch v, cng nh to ra nhng dch
v tt hn trong nhng ngi v vn chuyn hng
ha cn gp.
Vin thng v thng tin

Tng cng hiu qu tham gia giao thng thng
qua in thoi di ng khng dy trong cc
phng tin, Internet v s dng th in t v
cc my tnh trong xe (trong c tin nhn thoi)
H thng v tuyn di ng v tinh s cung cp 100
knh m nhc, thi s, th thao v gii tr tnh cc
(ging nh truyn hnh cp)
Cc ng dng v pht hin v ITS gip thu thp d
liu t ng, cung cp nhiu thng tin hn cho vic
lp k hoch, chnh sch v qun l c s h tng
v dch v giao thng vn ti.
Hnh 21
Tn hiu tin nhn thay i
Armin Wagner, Frankfurt/M. 2005
51
LRT
M
Light Rail Transit

million
MDI
MRT
Model Deployment Initiative

Mass Rapid Transit
NMV
Non Motorised Vehicle
ASV
Advanced Public Transport

System
Association of South East Asian
Nations
Advanced Safety Vehicle
OECD
ATC
Area Traffic Control
OECF
AVI
Automatic Vehicle Identification
AVL
Automatic Vehicle Location
pa
Organisation for Economic

Cooperation and Development
Overseas Economic Cooperation
Fund (Japan)
Per annum
billion
PRC
Peoples Republic of China
CBD
Central Business District
R&D
Research and Development
CCTV
CV
Closed Circuit Television

Commercial Vehicle
RT-TRACS Real-base Adaptive Signal Control System
CVO
DSRC
SCATS
EDI
Commercial Vehicle Operations

Dedicated Short Range
Communications
Electronic Data Interchange
EC
European Commission
ERP
Electronic Road Pricing
ERTICO
European Road Transport

Telematics Implementation
Coordination Organisation
(also known as ERTICO ITS
Europe)
Electronic Toll Collection
SUV
Electronic Tolling and Traffic

Management
European Union
Ph lc B: Bng ghi ch
APTS
ASEAN
ETC
ETTM
EU
GATT
SCOOT
SOE
SSTCC
UK
State Science and Technology

Commission, China
Sports Utility Vehicle/4 wheel
drive
United Kingdom
USA
United States of America
UTC
Urban Traffic Control (Systems)
UTMS
Universal Traffic Management

System
Vehicle Road and Traffic Intelligence Society (Japan) now ITS
Japan
Vehicle Actuation
VERTIS
GIS
General Agreement on Trade and

Tariffs
Geographic Information System
GNI
Gross National Income
GNP
Gross National Product
VMS
GPS
Global Positioning System
WAP
GPRS
General Packet Radio Services
2G
GSM
IC
Global Standard for Mobile

(communication)
Integrated Chip
ISP
Internet ServicesProvider
ISO
International Standards
Organisation
Intelligent Transportation
Systems
ITS
52
Sydney Coordinated Adaptive

Traffic System
Split Cycle Optimum Offset
Timing
State-owned Enterprise
VA
VICS
3G
Vehicle Information and Communication System

Variable Message Signs
Wireless Application Protocol
Second generation of mobile
communications using the GSM
standard
Third generation of mobile communication providing broadband
packet-based transmission of
text, digitised voice, video and
multimedia at high data rates, up
to 2Mbps (megabits per second)
Deutsche Gesellschaft fr
Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH
German Technical Cooperation
P. O. Box 5180
65726 ESCHBORN / GERMANY
T +49-6196-79-1357
F +49-6196-79-801357
E transport@gtz.de
I http://www.gtz.de

4e ITS VN

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on 44

Nc, Nng lng v Giao thng

H THNG GIAO THNG THNG MINH

KHI QUT V GIO TRNH

Gio trnh vit v ci g?

Gio trnh phc v nhu cu ca ai?

S dng gio trnh nh th no?

Cc c im chnh ca gio trnh?

Lm th no c bn sao gio trnh?

Cc gio trnh v m un khc

nh hng chnh sch v t chc

K hoch s dng t v qun l nhu

Phng tin v nhin liu

Ti liu tham kho

tng, h thng giao thng thng minh v an ton

H Thng Giao Thng

Tc gi: Phil Sayeg

3. ITS tr gip pht trin cc thnh ph nh th no?

4. Tnh hnh trin khai ITS ti cc thnh ph

5. Xy dng khung chun cho ITS

8. Chin lc gii quyt cc kh khn

Module 4e: H Thng Giao Thng Thng Minh

iu nhn y l vn ti ng b trong thnh ph, v

2. Miu t v cng ngh v ng

th nh ngha l ng dng ca nhng cng ngh

2.2 Miu t v ng dng cho ngi s

Module 4e: H Thng Giao Thng Thng Minh

hnh khch v li xe, dch v chi tr in t, lu tr d

ph hn 1 triu dn, v c din tch khng l, nhng

Bng 1: Dch v cho ngi s dng ca ITS

Dch v cho ngi s dng

Dch v thng tin hnh khch

Thng tin trc chuyn i

Dich v vn hnh v qun l giao thng

Kim sot v qun l giao thng

Dch v phng tin

Nng cao tm nhn

Trc khi cho cp php chnh thc phng tin thng mi

Dch v giao thng cng cng

Qun l giao thng cng cng

Giao thng lin quan ti nhng cnh bo khn cp v an ninh c nhn

Dch v chi tr in t c lin quan ti

Giao thng lin quan ti nhng giao dch ti chnh in t

An ton c nhn c lin quan n giao

An ninh di chuyn chung

Dch v gim st cc iu kin mi

Gim st thi tit

Dch v lin kt v qun l phn ng li

Dch v an ninh quc gia

S khc bit l ch Singapore b v c ITS ng

khai thnh ph thng trn mt nn tng khng

Bng 2: S pht trin ca ITS Trung Quc v Singapore(I)

Dch v phng tin

c h thng phng tin tin

Dch v vn ti hng ha Qun l trc tuyn on xe taxi (

Giao thng I-h thng thng tin giao

Tt c cc cng ty taxi hin gi u

Module 4e: H Thng Giao Thng Thng Minh

Bng 2: S pht trin ca ITS ti Trung Quc v Singapore (II)

An ton c nhn lin

Qun l i xe bus s dng h thng

H thng camera quan st (CCTV)

H thng camera quan st (CCTV)