Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Japan(5)
Illinois Wesleyan
University initiated the
first distance learning
program in 1878
1st University distance
learning program offered
through the University of
Chicago 1892
Private Universities
Developed Lecture
Transcripts mailed to
distant students as early
as 1885 at Chuo
University this is
important as there were
not only Imperial
Universities
1998 Amendments to
the Higher Education Act
of 1965 created an
environment that
provided increased
student access to higher
education via distance
education programs,
DOE the ability to
evaluate distance
education programs and
other components to
help ensure high quality
distance education
programs
Technology, Education
and Copyright
Harmonization Act
allowed educators to
utilize copyrighted
materials on electronic
media without having to
pay royalties, 2002
Various state laws can
influence distance
education as well. For
example, the state of
Alabama requires that
Higher Education
programs purely (100%)
online distance
education programs to
Ashlee Taylor
be authorized by the
state
Technology
Current Classification of
Distance Education
1850s-1960
Correspondence studies
(established by Harper at
the University of Chicago
at college level University
of Iowa 1916
Print
Radio
Television (University of
Iowa created 1st
education television
program)
1960-1985
Audiocassettes,
television,
videocassettes, fax, and
print.
1985-1995
Computers and
computer networking
Present
Include previous
methods but also
videoconferencing
two-way interactive
real-time audio and
video, web-based media
etc.
Web 2.0/ Social
Networking (BLOG, Wiki,
etc.)
Universities adopting
distance education into
their intuitions as more
of a primary method of
instruction verses it
being a peripheral
method utilized
Corporations utilizing
distance education for
training
1850s-1960s
Manuscript Lectures
Mailed
Correspondence studies
Radio
Television
1960s-1985
Audiocassettes,
television, videocassettes,
fax, and print.
1985-1995
Computers
Present
Prevalent Method is the
Video Lecture and dualmode instruction
Moving towards mobile
learning
Two-way communication
and interaction methods
(Skype, websites)
Overseas enrollment
possible and done
Ashlee Taylor
Promotors of Distance
Education
environment of lifelong
learning
Informal-Various distance
education courses and
programs formed outside
of the Japanese School
Systems often private
Adapting to mobile
learning technologies and
ensuring they are
supported by sound
pedagogical
Ashlee Taylor
associated with new
technologies like Blogs
(Students have the right
to not have others know
what classes they are
enrolled in and BLOGS
and websites online
introduce students
coursework to the
public)
considerations
References
1. American Library Association. Distance Education and the TEACH Act [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2015 Jul
15]. Available from: http://www.ala.org/advocacy/copyright/teachact/distanceeducation
2. Marybeth Peters. U.S. Copyright Office: Copyright and Digital Distance Education [Internet]. 1999
[cited 2015 Jul 15]. Available from: http://www.copyright.gov/docs/regstat52599.html
3. US Department of Education. Section 488 -- 1998 Amendments to Higher Education Act of 1965
[Internet]. 2003 [cited 2015 Jul 17]. Available from:
https://www2.ed.gov/policy/highered/leg/hea98/sec488.html
4. Kathy Keairns. History of Distance Education [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2015 Jul 16]. Available from:
https://www.google.com/search?q=The+foundations+of+Distance+Education+can+be+traced+back
+to+the+late+1800%27s.+One+of+the+first+forms+of+distance+education+was+correspondence+c
ourse+study.+Sir+Issac+Pittman+founded+Sir+Isaac+Pitman%27s+Correspondence+Colleges+in+Eng
land+in+the+mid+1840s.+Correspondence+courses+took+advantage+of+the+then+new+rural+free
+delivery+of+mail+to+deliver+course+material+to+students.+Students+worked+independently+on+
course+material&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8
5. Terumi Miyazoe, Terry Anderson. The Obscure Profile of Distance Learning in Japan - ResearchGate.
Madison US; 2014 [cited 2015 Jul 16]. Available from:
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266856047_The_Obscure_Profile_of_Distance_Learning_
in_Japan
6. National Center for Education Statistics. Distance Education Courses for Public Elementary and
Secondary School Students: 200910 - U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION [Internet]. 2011 [cited
2015 Jul 15]. Available from:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0C
CYQFjABahUKEwjOkMjt_ePGAhVLl4gKHYWWDw0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fpubs2012%
2F2012008.pdf&ei=4OipVc6gOMuuogSFrb5o&usg=AFQjCNEcTQLZQMtz1go276wDPM16Hdmblw&si
g2=1tOdoOJSSZ3A7Flw_HYmyw&bvm=bv.98197061,d.cGU