nikoloz oTinaSvili

niqozis saepiskoposos daarseba

Sida qarTli ZvelTaganve iyo da axlac aris qarTuli

saxelmwifoebriobis safuZveli. am istoriul-geografiulma regionma
saTave daudo qarTlur dialeqts da mere ki es dialeqti iqca erTiani
saliteraturo enis mesaZirkvled. am bazis safuZvelze warmoiSva qarTuli
damwerloba, romelic asaxulia sakacobrio mniSvnelobis sabuTebsa Tu
Zeglebze.
Sida qarTli gamoirCeva xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareobiT, rac
pirobebs qmnida rogorc sameurneo, ise kulturuli cxovrebisaTvis.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom mtkvar-araqsis kultura unda
ganviTarebuliyo am teritoriaze, sadac qarTveli tomebi aq kulturis
gamoCenamde cxovrobdnen (o. jafariZe, 1976). zemoxsenebuli kultura
farTod da rig SemTxvevebSi mniSvnelovani ZeglebiT aris warmodgenili,
igi mWidro kavSirSia mis wina periodis kulturasTan. Zeglebze ar
SeimCneva mkveTri sazRvari. es aisaxa cxinvalis nacargoraze, qulbaqebze,
zRudrisgverdaze, qvasaTalSi, gufTaSi da sxva Zeglebze, romlebic
gaiTxara liaxvisa da frones xeobebSi.
cxinvali-niqozis midamoebi erT-erTi nayofieri adgilia, romelic
mTiswineTSi vrceli da Ronieri sameurneo keraa.
`da epyra ufloss queyana aragviTgan da tfilisTagan vidre
tasiskaramde da faravnamde. da aman aRaSena ufliscixe, urbnisi, kaspi,
aragviTgan da armaziTgan vidre tasiskaramde. uwoda amasa qveyanasa zenas
soflisa, romelsa aw hqvia Sida qarTli"... (qarTlis cxovreba, 1955).
Sida qarTlSi daiwyo qarTizaciis procesi da qarTuli enis
saxelmwifo enad gadaqceva niSnavda qarTulis hegemonobis ganmtkicebas.
qarTul istoriografiaSi vaxtang gorgasalis epoqa gardatexis xanad
aris aRiarebuli. am etapze mimdinareobda brZola warmarTobisa da
mazdeanobis winaaRmdeg. es iyo brZola ucxotomelTa winaaRmdegac da
brZola feodaluri sazogadoebis ganmtkicebisaTvis. erTgvarovani
religia, risTvisac gorgasali ibrZoda, niSnavda imas, rom qveyana erTi
ideologiis, erTi kulturis, enis msaxuri xdeboda.
Sida qarTlSi vaxtang gorgasalma aaSena samnaviani bazilika mcxeTasa
da urbnisSi mexuTe saukunis bolos.
amave epoqaSi vaxtangma qarTlis mTiswineTSi didi liaxvis auzSi,
mdinaridan marcxena mxares, sofel niqozSi aago RvTaebis gumbaTovani
taZari. mematiane juanSeri aRniSnavs: `gorgasalma aRaSena eklesia niqozisa
sagzebelsa Tana cecxlisasa da dasua episkopozi, sada igi efla guami
wmidisa raJdenisi, romeli ewama sparsTa mier wyobasa vaxtangisasa"...
(qarTlis cxovreba, 1955).
`ese raJdeni iyo mamaZuZu vaxtangis colisa, romeli igi pirveli
moiyvana sparsTa mefis asuli da moiqca igi qristianed da iqmna igi didad
morwmune da igi Seipyres sparsTa da aiZulebdnen raTamca uareyo qriste.
xolo man wmindaman aRirCia waruvali igi dideba da iwama qristesaTvis"
(s. kakabaZe, 1959, gv. 30).
mefis gamiznuli politika naTelia; igi qristianul monasters agebs
swored im adgilas, sadac cecxlTayvanismcemlebi ikribebodnen.
vaxuSti bagrationi amis Sesaxeb aRniSnavs: `liaxvs gaRma ars niqozis
eklesia RvTaebisa didi, gumbaTovani, aRaSena gorgasal da dadva mas Sina
guami wmidisa raJdenisa, manve gorgasal hyo saepiskopozod da dasua
episkopozi, zis dResac mwyemsi kavkasianTa... glola RebiTurT"... (vaxuSti,
1941, gv. 76).
erovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRviZebas xeli Seuwyo qristianulma
religiam, erTiani enis, damwerlobis damkvidrebam, rac nizoqis eklesiazec
aris SemorCenili. taZris aRmosavleTis fasadze, sarkmlis zemoT, qvis
TeTr filaze, gamoqandakebulia oTxstriqoniani asomTavruli, reliefuri
warwera, Casmuli CarCoSi.
vaxtangis gamefebis win leonti mroveli mogviTxrobs, rom iranelTa
mier mirdat mefis Sepyrobis Semdeg `daipyres qarTli sparsTa da
ganryunes eklesiani da damales jvrebi qarTvelTa da yovelTa Sina
eklesiaTa qarTlisaTa cecxlis msaxurTa sparsTa aRagznes cecxli".
rogorc Cans, qarTli sarwmunoebis mxriv da politikuradac mZime dReSi
yofila Cavardnili.
saxelmwifoebrivi ganmtkicebis axali etapi dadga qarTlSi jer kidev
Wabuki vaxtangis gamefebisTanave, mexuTe saukunis meore naxevarSi. mTavari
is iyo, eklesia moipovebda damoukideblobas da dauWerda Tu ara mefes
mxars saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebaSi.
iranelTa mier mcxeTaSi gamogzavnili cecxlTayvanismcemelTa meTaurs
episkoposi mamacurad win aRudga, rasac vaxuSti aRniSnavs: `ese miqel
episkopozi aRudga binqarans mxned da aswavebda ersa WeSmaritebasa da
moZRurida vaxtangs samRmrTos weriliTa. xolo vaxtang iswavebda
gulismodgined yovelsave"... (vaxuSti, 1941, gv. 101).
vaxtangis RvTismosaoba da qristianul rwmenaze dgoma Wabukobidan
moyolebuli yovelTvis vlindeboda.
Tergze brZolisas xazarTa bumberaz TarxanTan Sebmas roca
uSlidnen, man Tavisianebs ase miugo: "ara ZaliTa CemiTa ganval, aramed
ZaliTa juarcmulisaTa iZlios Cem mier".
iqve mematiane kvlav aRniSnavs, rom indoeTSi laSqrobisas RalatiT
mokvlis gamo RmerTma ganarina... an kidev "gardaxda cxenisgan mefe da
Tayvanisca RmerTsa... da sxva... (iqve, gv. 103).
vaxtang gorgasalis moRvaweobis erT-erTi didi niSansvetia eklesiis
reogranizacia, rac saepiskoposoebis Seqmnasa da episkoposebis dasmaSi
gamoixateboda. mefem sul daaarsa Tormeti eparqia. yovelive es qveynis
gaerTianebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan etapad unda CaiTvalos.
axlad daarsebul eparqiebSi saepiskoposo centrebis mSenebloba unda
dawyebuliyo da asec moxda. vaxtang mefem aaSena Weremi, CeleTi, niqozi,
amasTan vaxtangis mefobaSi dasrulda bolnisis sionic (492-494 wlebSi).
 xalxuri tradiciiTa da werilobiTi wyaroebiT, niqozis RvTaebis
taZari vaxtang gorgasalma aaSena iq, sadac iyo cxrasarTuliani cixe,
romelSic warmarTTa kerpi esvena. vaxtang mefis winaSe idga sakiTxi,
qarTlis eklesiebSi mSobliur enaze ametyvelebuliyo RvTismsaxureba.
didi brZolis Semdeg man SeZlo qarTul eklesias mieRo avtokefalia.
mefem ierusalimidan Camoatanina sami arSinis simaRlis vercxlis jvari
da daasvena niqozis taZarSi. es iyo Zeli WeSmariti, romelic saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi am taZarSi esvena da, rogorc platon ioseliani Tavis
wignSi `cxovreba giorgi mecametisa" mogviTxrobs, "jvarsa aqvnda warwera
`me dedofalman rusudan, avazakTagan gaZarcvili Zeli WeSmariti kvlav
Sevamke sulisa Cemisa saoxad" (p. ioseliani, 1936, gv. 161). aqve
moTxrobilia, rom aRniSnuli siwminde 1798 wels niqozis taZridan
daikarga da dResac abaSiZiaanT aqvT siwminde eseo.
niqozis taZarSi adreul saukuneebSi daculi yofila sigel-gujari,
romelSic ewera, Tu ra mamulebi, soflebi aCuqa vaxtang gorgasalma
saeposkoposos, magram Semdgom igi dakargula.
mexuTe saukuneSi sparselebis mier qarTvelTa Seviwroebam da
mospobis cdam xeli Seuwyo qarTvelobaSi erovnuli TviTSegnebis kidev
ufro gaRviZebas da gaZlierebas. erovnuli arsebobis SenarCunebisaTvis
maSindeli qarTvelebi erT-erT Zlier saSualebad qristianobas iyenebdnen
da aRmosavluri saeklesio tradiciebisagan ganTavisuflebas cdilobdnen.
sayuradReboa is faqti, rom wamebuli raJdenis saflavis siaxloves
sofel aCabeTSi evstati mcxeTelis saxelze bazilikaa agebuli, xolo mis
aRmosavleTiT erTi kilometris dacilebiT abo Tbilelis saxelobis
Zveli eklesiaa.
mxareSi, liaxvis xeobaSi qristianul eklesiaTa mSenebloba,
qristianuli samarovnebi dvaleTSi, maRran-dvaleTSi, epigrafikuli
Zeglebi imisi niSania, rom uZveles droSi barsa da mTaSi qarTuli ena da
damwerloba iyo gavrcelebuli, rom RvTismsaxureba qarTulad
sruldeboda. zemoxsenebul mxareSi ara marto barSi mTaSic mTeli
toponimika mxolod qarTulia da am enaze ixsneba.
vaxtang gorgasalis mefobisas qarTlSi da mis cnebaSi politikuri
Sinaarsi unda gavigoT, imitom rom ukve realur safuZvels emyareba
qristianobis gavrceleba kavkasionis qedamde da mis iqiTac, sadac
qarTuli enac vrceldeboda.
am droisaTvis qarTuli ukve werilobiTi enaa, romelic qristianuli
eklesiis mieraa miRebuli da aRiarebuli.
aRniSnul epoqaSi qarTuls ukve mopovebuli aqvs socialuri
funqcia. igi kulturuli TviTdamkvidrebis saSualebaa, romelic ver
moxdeboda mwignobruli urTierTobis gareSe. yovelive es sainteresoa
terminologiuri TvalsazrisiTac. roca mematiane gvauwyebs: `mwignobroba
qarTuli ars amaT yovelTa wigni erTi, xolo raodenni qveyanani anu
adgilni davswereniT _ mTaTa, barTa, anu kavkasiaTa Sinani _
saqarTvelosani, garna Tu aquT zogTa ena sxua, Tvisni sakuTarni, aramed
wigni arca erTsa, romelsave aqus, Tvinier qarTulis wignisa sakuTrad".
 `mosilni qarTulad, eniTa da sarwmunoebiTa qarTlisaTa da samwysoni
qarTlis kaTalikosisani".
rogorc Cans, qarTuli enis gavrcelebuloba warsulSi saxelmwifos
politikis Sedegs warmoadgenda.
< wmidao samebao zaqaria pirveli episkopozi Seiwyale.
samxreTis karis marjvniv, mrgvlovani asoebiT ikiTxeba: RmerTo
Seiwyale friad codvili giorgi.
es warwerebi paleografiulad gansxvavebulia Sida qarTlis sxva
warwerebisagan.
warweras aqvs daqaragmeba da asoebi erTmaneTTan mWidrod arian
ganlagebuli, rac siZvelis nimuSia. paleografiuli niSnebiT S (S)
grafemis zeda rkali Sekrulia, qveda ki odnav gaxsnilia. w (w)-s Sekruli
aqvs erTi rkali, meore ki gaxsnilia.
aso d (d) uyeloa, Semdgom ki yeliani.
aso l (l)-s yeli zogjer uerTdeba Sua wres.
dasavleTis karis Tavze mrglovani, nusxurnarevi warweraa, romelsac
brose ase kiTxulobs: `s Zes Se masaSve saS"
dasavleTis mxares kedelze brtyeli, mrgvlovani asoebia
..ZY ersaTvs
samxreTis kedelze aseTi warweraa:
ad RvTiT
kozman aRvaSene
wi eklesia"
sruli wakiTxviT, qaragebis gaxsna, wakiTxva ase iqneba:
`q. saxeliTa RmrTisa~Ta miqeli episkopozman
aRvaSene wminda~ eklesia~, romel ars saxli
RmrTisa~ da bWei caTai, sayofeli
wmidisa RmrTismSobelisa~ da wmidaTa
mTavarangelozTa~ salocvelad sulisa CemisaTAs
kedelsSua nawilSi mrgvlovaniT irCeva Cis,
iovane, stefane, zqr (zaqariaa).
niqozis saepiskoposo yovelTvis didi gavleniT sargeblobda zemo
qarTlSi. amis Sesaxeb eredvis wminda giorgis eklesiis 906 wlis
samSeneblo warweraSi aRniSnulia: `ganzraxviTa niqozelisa sanatrelisa
stefane ebiskoposisa~Ta... me Tevdore TaflaisZeman davdev saZirkveli
welni iyvnes xfi".
gamodis, 906 wels niqozis episkoposi stefane yofila, romelic
qveynis mmarTvelebTan erTad ixsenieba.
liaxvis xeobaSi gvxvdeba yvela epoqis materialuri kulturis
Zeglebi, damSvenebuli samive grafikuli saxeobiT. es Zeglebi rom
amoeZirkvaT, Cveni mtrebi uZlurebi aRmoCndnen.

damowmebuli literatura
 o. jafariZe, 1976 - o. jafariZe, qarTvel tomTa eTnikuri istoriis
sakiTxisaTvis, Tb., 1976.
qarTlis cxovreba, 1955 - qarTlis cxovreba, I, s. yauxCiSvilis
redaqciiT, Tb., 1955.
s. kakabaZe, 1959 - s. kakabaZe, vaxtang gorgasali, Tb., 1959.
vaxuSti, 1941 - vaxuSti bagrationi, aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa, Tb.,
1941.
p. ioseliani, 1936 - platon ioseliani, cxovreba giorgi mecametisa,
tf., 1936.

NIKOLOZ OTINASHVILI

FOUNDATION OF NIKOZI BISHOPIC

The epoch of Vakhtang Gorgasali is consilered to be a breaking point in Georgian

history. It was the time of rivalery between Christianity and Paganizm. To strenghten
Christianity, the king built a Christian cathedral in the village of Nikozi, in Shida Kartli
and founded bishopric which included Zemo Kartli, Dvaleti and part of Racha.