Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A - Level H2 History
C1 and C2
All Factors
Nature
Aims
Cultural/Religious
Social/Modernist
Economic
National Identity
Independence
Minority Identity
Aims
Social.Modernist
Economic
Cultural
Political/Anti-Colonial
Type
Mostly Moderate
Moderate Radical
Moderate Radical
Mostly Radical
Developments
Cause
Effect / Focus
Western Education
Modernist
Western Education
Economic Exploitations
(Western Education enabled
Discrimination/Social
Economic
understanding)
Religious Decline
(Western Education resulted in
decline)
Colonial Cooperation (More of
Reasons for Failure)
Colonial Suppression (More of
Reasons for Failure)
Religious
Colonial Strengths
Repression
Concessions
Dependency
2. Factionalism Approaches
4. Colonial Strength Repression
Japanese Occupation
More Positive
***Destruction of Western
Prestige
***Emergence of
Paramilitary and Military
Forces
*** Enhanced Prestige of
Nationalists / Practical
Experience for local
leaders
***Enhanced Prestige for
Communist which Resisted
Japanese
More Negative
***Increasing division of
Society
Persistent Factionalism
Granting of Independence
Write quickly due to lack of time, else, combine Enhanced prestige for
nationalist and communist together
Effects of Methods towards Japanese
Collaboration
Resistance
Positive
Received external Aid to
resist Japanese
Positive
Saw nationalists as fighting
for people
Negative
Destroyed bases which
resulted in need for
underground operations
Decolonisation
Impacts of Decolonisation
Nationalist
***Strengths of
Nationalists [Mass
Support, Arms]
Colonial Powers
***Focus of Colonial
powers
Superpowers
***Fear of
Communist
**International
Pressure / UN
***Approach by
Nationalists
Collaborative Approach
Confrontational
Approach
No
***Re-emergence of democratic
governments in late 1980s
***Maintenance of democratic
framework
*(May take factors from why it failed as well, but tweak argument)
~Prestige of Military
~Ambitions of Military
~Attributes of Military (eg. Unity)
~Politicization of Military
Limitations
Led to marginalization or
removal of political opposition to
their rule [Political stability]
***Prospect of Instability
***Threat of Communism
***Historical legacy
~Co-opted into political system
Economies of SEA
Summary by Policy and Aim
Policy
Import
Substitution
[A1]
Export Oriented
Aim
Economic Growth
Actor / Type
Government /
External
Economic Growth
Government
IndustrialisationCorporate
Planning
IndustrialisationEconomic
Planning
Inclusion of local
Aliens
Exclusion of local
Aliens
Pursuit of Equity
Economic Growth
Government
Economic Growth
Government
Economic Growth
Government /
Minority
Government /
Minority
Government
Autarky
Nationalism
Nationalism
Equity
Government /
Indigenous
8
Outcome
Initial +ve EG
Later ve EG
-ve Equity
+ve EG
Initial +EG
Later EG
-ve Equity
Initial +EG
Later EG
-ve Equity
+EG
-Nationalism
-EG
+Nationalism
-EG
+Equity
-EG
+Nationalism
All Factors
Immediate
Speculative
attacks on
currency (caused
by Fixed
exchange rate)
US recoevery
and devaluation
of Japanese yen
Short Term
Unrestricted
liberalization of
economy
Long Term
Poor financial
regulations and
controls
Poor financial
practices Crony
capitalism,
corruption
Speculative
investments by
government
Minority Policy
(Policies)
Assimilation
Multiculturalism
Political Representation
Socio-Economic Development
Discrimination and Coercion
Political Representation
Socio-Economic Development
National symbols
Ideology
10
Historical Animosities
Territorial Disputes
Religious and Ethnic divides
~Ideological (Fear of Communism)
Individual Actions/Domestic Situation
~ Economic Disputes (Spratly)
~ Economic Disputes
11
Positive
**A1and2:+ve:Motivating Force
for Conflict Resolution
*A3:+ve:Promotion of Defence
cooperation
**A4:+ve:Promotion of
Economic Development
~A5:-ve:Intensification of Domestic
Insurgencies
12