Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By Joshua House
Wraps
Wraps are very simple in a news show when they move on to the
next story or they end the show they use a wrap to make things
smoother. For example they can use phrases like over to you
(reporters name or at the end they can use a wrap to close the
show like in the film Anchor-man they say stay classy Santiago
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MgGCIZi1UjY
On advantage of wraps is that they give the listener an idea of
when a story ends witch in a radio show where you can only hear
the news is more important than ever.
http://clairenewstyle.blogspot.co.uk
Live cross
Live cross is in a news show when they cut to a live feed, this
live feed can be anything as long as its live; most commonly
though it is live reporters on the scene or live interviews but
it can be something as simple as weather or a shipping forecast
as long as it is live.
These are good because they give the listener a live report and
nothing can be more up to date as that. However switching to
live feed can have lots of technical obstacles and is hard and
expensive to do well.
http://clairenewstyle.blogspot.co.uk
Styles
Related to audience
This is always very specific news such as music news. Examples
of this are the internet radio station Radio Rock give their
audience music news rock and metal news because the audience of
a radio station like radio rock would be more interested in that
than world news meaning more people would listen to their news
shows. This is generally smaller more specific radio shows that
do this as they only really care about one thing. Music. I would
be able to tell it is an audience related news show as they only
talk about one subject.
https://www.teamrock.com/news/2015-04-15/teamrock-targetsglobal-radio-audience
Public service
A public service radio is one that is made to serve the public
the largest main net-work of public service radio in the UK is
the BBC. Funded by licence fees paid by the public it has to
provide an arsenal of radio news to satisfy as many member of
the public as possible. They must have accurate information on
their news shows and be compliantly unbiased.
The amount of radio stations that the BBC have is uncanny
this is because they have to appeal to as members of the public
as possible.
https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/making-it-easier-for-themedia-and-creative-industries-to-grow-while-protecting-theinterests-of-citizens/supporting-pages/public-servicebroadcasting
Commercial
Commercial radio is a radio station that is owned by a media
company and is used for profit. In contrast to public service
radio they are funded by adverts so obviously they have ad
breaks, because they have to devote some time to add they dont
usually have big news shows and just use headlines or copy only
news systems. Examples of commercial radios are Absolute radio
http://absoluteradio.co.uk/ who now have a commercial radio
station for every decade providing verity without losing an
audience. They focus mainly on music so their news is pretty
weak.
http://www.radiocave.com/commercial-radio-broadcast-all-aboutcommercial.html
commercial radio is good because it can bring in more profit for
the station than a Public service radio however the constant add
breaks and generally weaker news coverage can lead to loosing
listeners also they are harder to run as they dont get
automatically funded they have to make their funds and it easier
to go bankrupt.
Community radio
Community radios are kind of the opposite to a commercial radio
station they are in the business for a non-profit motive they
just want to serve the community and they only cover small 5km
areas they are low budget.
One advantage of community radio stations is that they are cheap
to setup and run, as second is that they serve to communitys
often talking about topics that listeners have requested and
would like to see. However the can only cover about 5-10 miles
in range so their listener numbers will always be limited and
they will to be able to turn a profit.
http://www.radioacademy.org/knowledge-bank/getting-in/voluntaryradio/community-radio/
Internet Radio
These are stations that broadcast exclusively over the internet,
there are way more stations for every single type of music you
could imagine, from jazz to Scandinavian folk metal. Because of
the fact that they are cheaper to run and you can get world-wide
coverage you get a lot of small stations aimed at niche
audiences but most of the main commercial stations run online
sites as well as their FM stations for example Absolute radio
has an online site with more stations focused on different
decades of music.
http://www.internetradioreviews.com/guides/wi-fi-internetradios-explained.html
http://absoluteradio.co.uk/
one of the advantages of internet radio stations is that they
are cheap to host as an internet site, some music and a
microphone is all you need also good for anyone running one you
can play whatever you want and make a station about whatever you
want, so there is a lot of smaller stations for niche audiences
as they can be run for a minimal cost. however its not all blue
skys as it can be hard to get a lot of profit from one of these
stations as you have to get a large enough audience to attract
advertising contracts. also it can be hard to get the rights to
play some tracks because of the limited budget, so you have to
be careful what you play.
an example of a smaller internet station i found is pagan metal
radio http://www.paganmetalradio.com/ they are a small
independent station that focuses on the Metal genre they play
music that is primary from Scandinavia, they choose to play
music from smaller band to help them grow in supporters and
fans. it is non profit and they offer to play any tracks from
your band if you send them demos or songs to help with
publicity.
they are a great example of an internet station because they are
small and they use the internet as it is low cost and can reach
around the world, they are non profit so even more of a great
example and they work to benefit new artists by giving the
publicity they need.
Libel deformation
This is when a news network harms the reputation of an
individuals reputation by publishing stories that make them
look bad there is a law in place to stop this. This law prevents
news networks from hearting an individuals reputation; making
them shunned or avoided in public or making them hated and
exposed to ridicule. This law means that anyone that does
experience deformation from news networks can sew said news
network.
An example of this is the recent Jeremy Clarkson being compared
to Jimmy Savile a known paedophile by BBC producer when he was
talking to the press the fact that this was publish in the news
means that Jeremy was able to threaten with legal action against
the BBC due to the deformation laws.
http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/03/15/jeremy-clarksoncompared-to-jimmy-savile-by-senior-bbc-producer_n_6873870.html
coverage of elections
When news networks are covering political elections there is law
put in place by off-com that means they have to give equal
coverage to all of the political parties.
http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/broadcasting/broadcastcodes/broadcast-code/elections/
The rules state that during election all main parties must have
equal coverage and even small parties must get some coverage.
Ofcom
Of com are an organisation that regulate TV and Radio, they have
guidelines for TV and Radio stations to follow and look out for
people breaking those Guidelines. They also take in complaints
about different things for example if you were listening to a
radio show and a presenter said something racist then you could
complain to Ofcom and they would start an investigation.
http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/
If the investigation finds the complaint to be valid then action
will be taken, they will determine the amount of punishment that
the offender should receive. This will be determined by a few
criterias such as the amount of actual or potential harm
caused, weather the offender had gained anything for example if
a radio station was being paid to say certain things by a
political party or private investor and how long the offence has
been going on.
http://www.ofcom.org.uk/about/policies-and-guidelines/penaltyguidelines/
BBC editorial guidelines
As the BBC is owned by the public the regulations must be even
stricter as the content has to be appropriate for the masses so
they have separate guidelines these are called the BBC Editorial
guidelines.
The guidelines cover a lot more than any of the ones for
commercial networks they cover everything from laws like the
protection of minors to electoral guidelines that mean that they
have to be neutral; they also have to worry about things like
promoting recycling, having accurate information and privacy.
This means they cant just go round to a witnesss house and
harass them for answers like other networks, and they cant
excaudate information like other networks this means that it is
harder for them to produce interesting news stories but it means
that they are completely neutral, unbiased and informative so
they serve the community and give them all the information they
need to make up their own minds.
Sensational stories
Sensationalism is when a story is grossly exaggerated like this
story to the left it is exaggerated to make people want to buy
the newspaper. Technically there is no law against this but it
is frowned upon. The headline BAGHDAD TERROR COMES TO UK is made
to cause you to pick up the newspaper. The quote is almost
defiantly false. Finally the photos shopped image on the front
cover making it look like the actually go a photo of the killer
in reality the act was probably done at night. All of these lies
are very unethical.
The way they excaudate the story is
disgusting not just because of the
vulgar way they report such a sensitive
story but what they are actually doing
they are spreading Islama-phobia making
people feel like the Muslim population
are enemies or that they are all
extremists. It is possible this paper
has dark intentions to you see the way
they make the Middle East sound like a
threat with BAGHDAD TERROR COMES TO UK
this could be to give the government
more support in its Middle Eastern
military campaign.
On the other hand you cant deny their
strategy is effective sensationalism
does sell well, any story can be sold to
people with already invested interest
but exaggerate it and make it seem
bigger than it is and you can attract
shed loads of readers.
All in all I agree that sensationalism is a good way to sell
news stories and can bring in enormous profits but I dont agree
with it, it is wrong it lies and makes people scared. Hell it
can even be used for population control and that is why its not
worth the extra profit in my opinion.
Invasion of privacy
This is a vital issue to the news and it is question a lot of
the time.
Many news networks publish celebrity stories about famous people
going on dates or being in public, this brings in listeners and
because people are interested in the whole thing, many people
say that it is in the interest of the public and makes the
networks money so it is a good thing. However I dont think that
that is so in fact I think it is completely wrong. These people
are constantly harassed by the media and photographed
constantly, they have to look amazing all the time or they will
be on the news for going to shops in their pyjamas or something
ridiculous.
Look at this story in
the Mirror Kim
Kardashian is wearing
a skimpy outfit who
cares? It so cruel she
is constantly
photographed and
papers make comments
on her outfit; she is
baring a child for
Christ sake who are
the mirror to tell her
what to wear.
This is gross invasion
of privacy what does a
celeb have to do to
get a break every word
they say, everything
they do is
immortalised in print
its barbaric.
In summary then I do
not necessarily think
that they should stop
taking picture of celebritys for good because as I said before
it is in the public interest and I guess it entertains people
but it should be at evens like the brits or other awards not in
their private day to day lives. That is too far!
Public interest
This is the idea that anything that is of importance to public
should be reported on for example if a US drone accidently kills
an innocent civilian then it is in the public interest to know
even if the government would rather them not. This sound good
sure but the problem comes from this idea not being followed.
Story priority
This is the debate that some stories are more important than
others. For example why is a story about the Queen visiting
France more important than The UK election?
As an example I will look at 2 articles from the Daily Mail.
The story at the top is the one with the most coverage.
So let look at this the fact that loafs of bread are getting
smaller when exposed to carbon dioxide is apparently far more
important than the fact that an entire species of Cougar is gone
from this earth.
So lets look at the negatives of this situation first. So less
people are going to know about the serious effects that humanity
is causing to the natural world like extinction and instead will
be informed about the fact that bread is shrinking. Now I dont
know but the first one kind of makes climate change sound a
little bit less serious. The effects of this could be rather
counterproductive for example if you see that climate change and
human activity is causing loaves of bread to shrink you probably
wont care much but if you were to see that it has caused an
Immediacy
This is the rate that a news network will report on a story the
issue with this is that all the networks want breaking news so
they will release stories quickly. This can be both good and
bad.
So it is good because the story gets to the people faster,
people get to know about news as and when its happening also
they can bring live updates on already existing stories. This is
also good for the radio station because they can bring in
listeners if they broadcast the news first.
However if they all rush to bring out the story first things can
get messy, if they don't take their time they could rush the
research and get the facts wrong giving listeners the wrong
idea. In a rush to get the story out they could also break
several guidelines like privacy or harassment laws.
So overall I think that it is good to be quick releasing stories
but speed should not take presence over accuracy and ethics.
Follow-up angles
so a follow-up is when you get more information on a story and
broadcast more based on the new information. Now a follow up
angle is whether the new information changes the way you
approach a story or whether you keep the same view.
For example if you where reporting on the UK election just
before the final results came in you might have the angle that
one of main parties will get a majority but if later you revived
the news that a small party had gained a majority then you would
take a different angle on the follow-up.
One of the advantages of having a different angle in a follow-up
is that it shows that you are unbiased as you simple show what
is going on and adapt with you information, also it can help
show the new information more cleanly. On the down side it make
you look like you have changed you mind and people may loose
interest.
https://collegejournalism.wordpress.com/tag/angle/
The advantages of not having a new angle on a follow-up are that
people may keep watching because they like the original angle
and the fact that sometimes the new information you get could be
inaccurate. On bad side though you could look stubborn if you
dont change you angle or foolish if the new information proves
your angle wrong. Finally the new information could actually
make your angle look offensive and you could suffer from
complaints.
Audio availability
This is the availability of the audio clips you use, these are
usually things like interviews and on site reports. So it is the
Newsroom policy
A newsroom is the main office where all the news is collated,
researched and reported. Each news room big or small has its own
policy this determines everything from how they work as a team
to what their priorities are whether it profit or Public
interest.
network but they try as hard as they can. At the top of their
priorities is public interest, they say truth comes from free
discussion and honest reporting, this shows that above all else
they will publish the truth even if it is hard to swallow.
Secondly they say that responsibility is important in their news
room through honest and accurate reports coupled with
transparent journalism much like the UKs BBC. They say The most
valuable asset a newspaper can have is its reputation for
telling the truth.Which shows their policys clearly. Finally
they say they are a paper for the people and they will try their
hardest to expose any injustice they find as they for a peaceful
Canada.
Human interest.
A story focused on human interest is a story about human
emotions and situations with humans that make people emotional.
To explain more a story doesnt just have to make you feel sad
it can be about something that induces happiness like a positive
story about a homeless man and a dog for example.
http://www.king5.com/story/news/local/2015/06/22/redmond-parksemployee-nepal-earthquake/29135197/
As an example this is a story about how a man from Nepal found
his went looking for his sister in the recent earth quake but
alas found her dead. It is a human interest story because it
makes you fell emotions, just the story by its self is sad but
the real feelings of grief come from the quotes used things
like; "I look at my sister and she's holding two kids in her
hand," Sherpa said. "I just sat down and inside me was really
painful. This Sherpa might not exactly speak the Queens
English but the point still hits hard. You can feel his grief as
you see scene in his head.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/human+interest