EEE About the Authors ‘Dr. Wilfred Funk and Norman Lewis have both been deeply concerned with the history and use of the English language for many years. As editors, lexicographers, teachers, and authors, they have each contributed ex- tensively to this important field. But success- ful as chey each have been individually, their success as collaboratdrs isrproducing 30 Days 404 More Powerful Vocabulary has been even greater. In various editions, at various prices, this book has sold nearly 4,000,000 copies. Ie is the most popular and most widely used | manual of its kind produced in the twentieth century. eej By Wilfred Fonk ond ‘Hermon Lewis sgh: Weoks to: Words of Power fy Norman Levis i ‘Word Power Mode Easy cha by POEKET BOOKS “30 Daye a More Powerful Vocobulany 30 Days to _aMore - Powerful Vocabulary | WILFRED FUNK: oie : NORMAN LEwIs = NEWLY REVISED BY NORMAN LEWIS.ie Te SS ah ROCKET BOOKS; a'ivision 6 Silo & Schuser, le Thao avenue of te Aer, New Yk, N.Y, 10020 ivion ley aranget ith Fuk & Weal oe. Eitan ot Cones Cane Gu Neb All ights reserved, pent bt ee ranean Waal ne ‘55 Eat Th Steet, New York, NY. 10081 IBN, 067150013 Firs Pocket Bonk printing (vite ein) Ape, 197. ee ee) OCKET sd cokphin rept demas Fines ee ‘ To Walter M. GarciaContents PRONUNCIATION KEY FIRST DA | Give Us Fifteen Minutes a Day «SECOND DAY: ‘Take This Fwelve-Minute Test of Your Verbal Power | THIRD DAY: | ‘The Romance of Words FOURTH DAY: Words for Mature Minds FIFTH DAY: sd Words About Doctors and Specialists SIXTH DA Verbs Give You Power SEVENTH DAY: Words About Theorles EIGHTH DAY: ‘Quick Vocabulary Builder vil 35NINTH DAY: A Quick Test of Your Progress to Date TENTH DAY: Words About Your Fellowmen ELEVENTH DAY: Words for Phobias and Manias TWELFTH -DAY: Words About Your Feelings THIRTEENTH DAY: Words That End in “Qlogy” FOURTEENTH DAY: Words for Human Traits FIFTEENTH DAY: Words for Human Faults SIXTEENTH DAY: You Help to Create the American Language SEVENTEENTH DAY: ‘A “Pop Quiz” EIGHTEENTH DAY: Words About Personalities NINETEENTH DAY: Adjectives Give You Power TWENTIETH DAY: Learning Words the Modern Way mn 87 na 219 323 128 134 aan TWENTY-FIRST DAY: Words from Latin TWENTY-SECOND DA\ ‘Test Your Progress TWENTY-THIRD DAY: Can You Meet This Challenge? TWENTY-FOURTH, DAY: Words That Describe You TWENTY-FIFTH DAY: French Phrases You Can Use TWENTY-SIXTH DAY: Words About Words TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY: Word Building by the “Unfolding Process” TWENTY-EIGHTH DAY: . Words from Classic Roots TWENTY-NINTH DAY: Words Change Their Meanings THIRTIETH DAY: Your 30-Day Vocabular} Test ONE LAST worD: A Lifetime Habit, INDEX ag 358 166 376 385 392 198 10 233 23730 Days to aMore ‘Powerful Veecabulary‘The phonetic transcription of most words in the following Pages ‘will be self-explanatory and completely clear and ‘obvious. Only a very few symbols have to be practiced and ‘understood before you start. 1. 91 This is the phonetic symbol (called schwa) which indicates “a weak, neutral vewel sound occurring in most of the unstressed syllables in English speech, as the a in alone, the e in happen, the U in cirens."* 2.8 The vowel sound in g5, 13, TOW, 6, etc, 3. 88 The vowel sound in £681, s56n, nda, etc. 4. 2h The sound of the s in occasion, treasure, measure, leisure, ete, 5. 06 The vowel sound of bd6k, 186k, ete. Many words ate stressed on more than one syllable, although only one syllable may receive the primary of firongest sécent. When you vay psromaniac, for example, You place the strongest stress on the third eyllable (ma)—” that is, you say the third syllable with the greatest loudeoss. ‘But the fist syllable,-py, also receives some stress; that i, 2 Fuk & Wegnalls Standard College Dictionary (New York: Funk & Wagnalis, 1968). 2it than 7o,-1, or ac. To show these distinc ry pie tet Teen i ae (MAY), and only accent the second strongest (py'). Pyromaniac is thus phoneticelly rewritten as py’-ro-MAY'- nee-ak, Further examples: satiated: SAY'-shoe-ay’-tod. ‘archaeology: aht’-kee-OL-2-jee braggadocio: brag’2-DO'-sheo-3 Give Us Fifteen Minutes a Day ‘Your boss has a bigger vocabulary than you have. ‘That's one good reason why he's your boss. This discovery has been made in the word laboratories of the world, Not by theoretical English professors, but by Practical, hard-headed scientists who have been searching ‘for the secrets of success, After a host of experiments and years of testing they have found out: ‘That if your vocabulary is limited your chances of suc- cess are limited, ‘That one of the easiest and quickest ways to get ahead is by consciously building up your knowledge of words. ‘That the vocabulary of the average person almost stops srowing by the middle twenties. ‘And that from then on it is necessary to have an intel- ligent plan if progress is to be made. No it-or methods will do,4 FIRST PAY It has long since been satisfactorily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely be- cause of the opportunities of his position. That would be putting the cart before the horse. Quite the reverse is true. ‘Bis skill in words was a tremendous help in getting him his job. Dr. Johnson O'Connor of the Human Engineering Labo- ratory of Boeton and of the Stevene Institute of Technology in Hobokes, New Jersey, gave a vocabulary test to one hundred young men who were studying to be industri executives. ‘ Five years later, ail, without exception, of those who had passed in the upper 10 per cent had executive positions, while not a single young man of the lower 25 per cent had become an executive, ‘Som of the factore that lead to success can be measured as scientifically ex the contents of a test tube, and it has been discovered that the one and only common charac- teristic of outstandingly successful people is “an extensive ‘knowledge of the exact meaning of English words.” Vocabulary, is one indication of intelligence. Learning power measurably sharpecs when vocabulary increases. ‘Here's the proot, . classes in high school were selected for an. ex- periment. Tho ages and background of the members ot both groups were the same, and each group represented a similar crosesection of the community. One, the control class, took the normal coursee The other class had, in ad- dition, special and rigorous vocabulary training. “At the nd of the period the grades of the studenta in the vocabu- ary class surpassed the gradea of the members of the controt group. not only in English. but in every other subject including mathematiot snd the sciences, Similarly Professor Lewia M. Terman of Stanford Uni- versity,has found thet 2 vocabulary test is ox accurate & ‘measure of intelligence as any three units of the standard and accepted Stanford-Binet I. . tests, Words are the tools of thinking. It naturally follows, Give Us Fifteen Minutes a Day 5 then, that the more words you have at your command, the toate and more accurate Your inking wil best Words are your medium of exchange, the coin with: which you do’ business with all those around you. With Words you relate to people, communicate your feelings and thoughia to them, influence them, persuade them, control them, In short, through words you shape your own destiny, For your words are your personalitys your vocabulary is you. _ Words are explosive. Phrases are packed with TNT. A single word can destroy a friendship, can start or end a ‘marital battle, can land a large ordet. ‘The xight phrases in ‘the mouths of clerks bave quadrupled the sales of a depart- ment store. The wrong words wed by a campaign orator have lost an election. Four unfortunate words—-“Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion”—used in a Republican cam- paign speech threw the Catholic vote and the Presidential Vietory to Grover Cleveland, ‘Armies fight for phrasea: “ Democracy”; “V for Victory”; “Remember Peat! Harbor.” ‘Words have changed the direction of history. Words can also change the direction of your life. They can raise a ‘man from mediocrity to success. ‘We submit that if you methodically increase your vor ccabulary you will improve your chances for success, ‘This book enlists active cooperation, continuous written ‘and oral response. It will teat you every step of the way, it will demand unceasing feedback from you, and thus it wil ake words your frends and ales. fe expect to prove to you that developing arich and robust vocabulary can be both fun and challenging. Give us fifteer: minutes a day, and we will guarantee that at the end of « month, when You have turned over the last age of this book. your words, your reading, your conve: satfon and your life wil all have'a new and deeper meau- ing for you. : For words can make you greath jake the world safe forTake This Twelve- Minute Test of Your Verbal Power First, we will ake your word portrait. When the picture is finished, you will know how you look to others as a conversationalist and how you may ap- ppear when you waite a simple social note or a business letter. ‘The lines of your likeness that aré to be drawn here will indicate the extent of your vocabulary, the facility with which you can recall and use words, and the knowledge that you have of their precise meanings. There will also be brief spelling and pronunciation tests so that we can get & complete picture. ‘You will ind the tests in this chapter simple and enter- taining. They will take exactly twelve minutes, and when yyou are through and have checked your score, you will now what's wrong, if anything, with your vocabulary and your use of words. You. will, in short, have painted your ‘own word portrait. Then, in the chapters that follow, we 6 Take This Twelve-Minute Test 7 will show you how to strengthen any weak points that may have appeared. How do words treat you? Are you comfortable with thom? Do they come easily to you? When you write and speak, do your words paint the sort of picture of you that will do you the most good in this highly competitive world? Does your language usually present a true reflec- tion of your mind, your emotions, and your personality? Or does it sometimes betray you and blur your thoughts? Do peoplo occasionally misunderstand you? Or can you compel them to listen, react, obey? Like everyone else, you want certain things from life. No matter what those Benefits are, or what particular way you lave chosen to go about getting them, you know that Yyour first and most effective means will be the words you use. _In short, the satisfaction and the success you get out of life depend very greatly on the skill with which you com- ‘municate your needs, your desires, your opinions to others. _,Reniy to dscover what your eniamand of language sys about you! Testh __ Verbal Speed (Elomontary) PMECTIONS: Write in the blank space next to each of the ‘words in the following lit another word that begins with ‘Sand has « meaning directly opposite to the given Time: 60 seconds - EXAMPLE: fast slow ‘sweet sour buy. sell START TIMING: 1. ‘tall 2. north 3. happy 4. different 5. dangerous8 SECOND DAY ‘aunnw Timing (Answers for all tests will be found at the end of the chapter.) ‘You have just been tested for fluency. ‘You should have breezed through this test at high speed in less than sixty seconds with no hesitancy and no, mis- takes. If you had to think for more than an instant to recall the proper word, itis likely that you experience some dif- ficulty in expressing your thoughts. You are probably ‘teeing men who are not as bright as you getting abead of you. You may often wonder: “What have they got that I haven't got?” ‘Your lack of an adequate word arsenal may have seri- ously handicapped you. If so, this book is designed for you. It will give you the chance to go to work and over- ‘come your obstacle, Test ; Verbal Speed (Advanced) DIRECTIONS: As in’ the previous test, write a word bogin- ning with $ which is opposite in meaning to each of the following. Time: 90 seconds prenuen Take This Twelve-Minute Test 8. rough 9. objective 10. Taugh End Timing Speed and accuracy are again of great importance, It sonal ar ewe of grt Inprunc. ‘of ten correct, you are far above the average and you Mere” apes my prove yor vs anguages in the world, and with a little practice and Patience you can easily make its great wealth your own. TEST ill ‘Synonym Recall Here is a test of your skill from another point of view. You havo been working with anionyme, or words of op: posite meanings. How will you do with synonyms, or words of the same, or almost the same, meanings? It is highly important that you have a wealth of synonyms, which are analogous to the many colors on an artist's palette, at your ‘command. Synonymis within easy reach help you paint for ‘your listener the many shades of your thought; they lend. variety and interest to your conversation and writing. DIRECTIONS: In the spaces. given below write two words ‘are synonymous with the given word, Time: 2 minutes EXAMPLE: beautiful lovely, pretty strong rugged, powerful short ~ brief, concise This test should be finished ‘within the time limit, as10 SECOND DAY there are mény more than two synonyms for each of these Words. Check with a dictionary if your answers are not found in the list at the end of the chapter. START TIMING: 1. defects (noun) snow 2 desires (noun) 3. true 4, suitable: 5. luminous 6, loathing (noun) 7. doubtful 8. vulgar 9, admiration 10. very End Timing TEST IV Synonym Recognition |. We have tested your ability to recall the synonyms for & given word, We are now going to test your ability to recog hize synonyms when you see them. pinecrions: Jn the following list there are sixteen words. Start with infidel and put a small figure 1 above it. Run through the list until you find another word that has the fame or similar meaning, Put a 1 above that one. Then try the second word on the list, large, puting a figure 2 above it, and search for a word of similar meaning and mark it'2, And s0 on until you have eight pairs of fynonyms of word of siilar meaning, — ‘Time: 90 seconds svat Tino: 4. , infidel > ingenious occur aberration liege happen perade dna tilky ccegaricty clever unbeliever Sudier Unsophiseted fnduce ingenious End Timing | | | Take This Twelve-Minute Test a TEST Homenyms DIRECTIONS: Homonyms are words that are pronounced alment exacly ale. but that difer considerably in meaning. Check the homonym that makes of the following sentences. : ae Time 90 seconds stant mano: 1, Why does modern music have such Why don morn mas hve sch tens) 2 Mest buildings have [(a) stationery, (b) stationary] 3. The [(a) principal, (b) principle} features of Sovth- Pe opera ot Siting co the cat licked [¢a ‘it's, (b) its] a ” = ES i) 5. His vocal {(a) cords, (b) chords] are inflamed. ° 5. He sat for hours [(a) poring, (b) pouring] over the 7. & stoned with ((a) baited, 1 He (a) Batted, (B) bated] brea ‘the second shoe to fall. ee 8, Admiral Nelson is famous for one of the most im- ortant [(a) navel, (b) naval] encounters in British istry. 9. The scene’of the accident was I {() flare, (b) flair. enue 10, The boxer made s [(a) feint, (b) faint} with his deft, End Timing TEST VI Understanding Words pmzcrions: Check the defnition that properly expla the italicized word in each phrase, Lica Das are) Time: 2 minutesa SECOND DAY START TIMING: 1. 5. ‘An acrinionious argument (a) long-winded (b) sharp. biting, sarcastic (6) dull, pointless, and incoherent . A soporificlectare’ (a) £0 boring as to put one to sleep (b) brilliant and informative (c) well-attended . Panacea for social ils (a) direct cause (b) cure-all (c) condition encouraging continuation J. An evanescent feeling (2) fading away quickly (b) composed of both dread and desire (©) so unique that itis experienced by very few people = Overwhelmed by ennut (a) fear (b) dissatisfaction and boredom resulting from in activity. (©) a sudden awareness of sudde ‘one’s unconscious ‘motivation 7 5. A facetious remark (a) witty or joking at an inappropriate time (b) tending to, make peace between people in conflict (©) totally irclevant to the situation . A maelstrom of emotions (a) complete lack (b) catalogue in chronological order (©) violent, stormy. confusion Maudlin attitudes (a) self-destructive (b) tearfully and excessively sentimental (c) showing great maturity at.a surprisingly early age i Take This Twelve-Minute Test 33 9. Drove adroitty (a) skillfully (b) nervously (©), inattentively 10. A sardonic smile (a) empty, meaningless (b)_ open and trusting (@) bitter and scornful End Timing TEST Vil Spelling Without Error Here are ten common words frequently misspelled by those whose linguistic ability needs sharpening. Check the form that looks right to you. Time: 60 seconds ‘START. TRAING: 1, (a) occurrance, (b) occurrence, (¢) occurance 2. (a) ecstasy, (b) ecstacy, (c) extaty 3. (a) drunkeness, (b) drunkenness, (c) drunkedness 4. (a) embarassing, (b) embarrassing, (¢) embar oe 5. (a) inresistible, (b) itresistable, (c) inrisistible 6. (a) supersede, (b) supercede, (c) eupereeed 7. (a) disappoint, (b) dissapoint, (c) dissappoint 8. (a) occassional, (b) occasional, (c) ocassional 9. (a) indispensable, (b) indispensible, (e) indes- pensible - 10, (a) perseverance, (b)° perseverence, (¢) perser- verance End Timing”a an acre ee ee 4 SECOND DAY TEST vill Pronounctng in the Educated Manner “The pronunciation of American English is, admittedly, unstable” the sound of words changes according 10 $20- {graphical area, ethnic background, economic and social fevels, ets. Mary, marry, and merry, for example, are pro- nounced almosi identically inthe Midwett and along much of the Pacific coastal regions; whereas in the East and South they sound very diferent. The frst syllable of orange is pronounced or in California and are in New York, The vowel sound of talk and walk is uttered one way by @ native of Brooklys and quite another way by someone tora it Los Angeles, Words ike either, tomato, tune, adult, Tcorice, strength, and many others can often show the age, incom, background, and sophistication of the speaker. ‘Nevertheless, one kind of pronunciation test wil be use- fal in completing your verbal portrait. The following ten words, among many others, have both an illiterate or Gialects! and an educated pronunciation. Say each one carefully according to its phonetic respelling. then ‘check the form that sounds most nearly like what you ordinarily ‘use in conversation, The symbol ais the sound of the-a in about or in Linda. Time: 90 seconds START. TIEN 1. genuine (a) JEN‘yo-win (b) JEN’-yowyne 2, athlete (a) ATH’-o-leet (b) ATH-teet 3 film (a) FILM (b) EIL’-om 4, modern (a) MAHR’-dan (>) MOD-ren (©) MOD‘orn ‘Take This Twelve-Minute Test 15 5. accept (a) ok-SEPT” (b) oSEPT’ 6, drowned (a) DROWN'-dod (6) DROWND 7, wrestle (a) RESS'-al (0) “RASS-al 8. pattern (a) PAT’-ron (b) PAT-orn 9. figure (a) FIG-yor (b) FIG’sr 10, attacked (a) =TAK’-tod (b) &TAKT’ End Timing Now you may relax. Your test‘of verbal power is com cluded; Your word portrait is fnished. What you will see fon the canvas—pleasant or unpleasant, encouraging or iscouraging is what the world sees when you write ot speak. At tis point, before you check your score, we offet You one important thought: No matter how good or bad Jour word power is today, it can be immeasurably beter, more useful, more potent, ia just thirty days. Scoring and Interpretation Determine your score for each test by comparing your answers with those given below: TESTI: (1) short; (2) south; (3) sad; (4) same, similar; (5) safe; (6) small; '(7). smart,~ sharp, sparkling; (8) silent, still; (9) stand; (10) send Scoring: 2 points for each correct answer ‘Maximum score: 20 points ‘Your Score: vest mi: (1) selfish, stingy; (2) sensible, significant; (3) skeptical, suspicious; (4) simple; (5)a 6 ‘SECOND DAY sure; (6) slipshod, slovenly, sloppy; (7) sleep, sleepiness, slumber, somnolence; (8) ‘smooth; (9) subjective; (10) sob, scowl Scoring: 2 points for each correct answer ‘Maximam score: 20 points Your Score: mest mi: (C1) shortcomings, imperfections, faults, weaknesses, deficiencies, blemishes (2) wishes, wants, longings, exavings, ap- petites “ numbers. Because people ere gregarious, eet married. have families, tive in thronging cities, as Play together. A hunger for love or friendship and.a feel’ ing of kinship with other human. ‘beings are normal and common human traits. it is the herd instinct that makes People, to a greater or lesser dewroa, gregarious, 4, Obsequious. The-beggar, the under! the lackey, andthe ley ai tend tobe ebveqons Pe ee28 FOURTH DAY ‘on others in an inferior eapacity and wise lives and jobs open oa the whims of theic masters are apt to be cringing Gn tovming, “hey are often excessively, sickeningly, and Giniucercly polite, F your waiter ix a restaurant believes hat you ate the type who wil Gp bim wall, watch how Goreouions he wil be, how be will bow to you and attend fon your slightast wish, If you doa’t leav the expected tip, fowever, his obsequiontness will, quickly vanisb and he will net (ob, “upon,” sequor, “follow”) follow submis- ively upoa your wishes. S. Maud. A rhaudin person is one woo is super- eatimental and gushing, who cries castiy and without auch estse, People wine aro maudlin in their affections tsually overdo the act, and thelr love becomes tiresome Jind oftepeie, The word mauclba can. also be applied to lose ho have been ads foolish and sily by too muck drinking. 5 ‘eres incidentally, san odd word history. Mary Mag- od ‘with her eyes red from weeping. in tims, the name ‘Magdalene was contracted into the adjective maudlin. 6. Ascetic. The ascetic is one who is given, fo severe | const Sad nasty. ane who proces ig abst fnonoe, oltea for religious reasons. When vou say that & | eT an ascetic, you mean tat he is one who sss all the | Paaye and phisieal plesures of Ie. Anyone who eat | find drioks Heatly ot who otherwise disipates, is the precise opposite of an ascetic, and docs not believe in em (a SET-o-si2-aiti). I Pander, ‘Pais ver Titrally means to miiister to the | ‘paificeon of che passions ane prejudices of other. usually | {p one’s owa prof, Novels that give blow-by-biow Sescrip- Hons of bedcoom intimacies, and motion pictures end TV hows that omit none of tho gory details of violence torture, aud marder have been accased of pandering to the tcrealled bose instincts and morbid curiosity of their readers “CF andionce. Rusbless dictators of the past aro sad to fave pandered to the Iowestinstinets of the mobs, to sell ascet | ’ ccnemray, met se eg ME | / ‘Kords for Mature Minds 29 ishaess, ecuelty, and greed, in order to gain power. Pan= der, therefore, is an uapleasant word with an uapleasant micaning. The noun panderer has a stil more restrict ‘icening and frequently signifies a women ‘others, just as Pandarus, the leader of the Lycians in the Trojan war, is said to have procured the lovely lady Cressida for Troilus, 8. Sublimate, This word originally came from the Latin sublimatus, “raised on high,” and is closely related to “sublime.” When the energies of a potential hoodlum or ‘gangster aro channeled into athletic games, into a business fareer, oF into tome other useful endeavor, his former destructive activities are eaid to have been ublimated. Paychologists tell us that unfulfilled sexual needs are often tubliraied into creative activities in art or poetry, that the surgeon oz butcher may be a sublimated -DY'-o-tree) or chiropody (ke-ROP’-o-dee). ‘4. The orteopath (OSS’-tee-2-path’) works on the zlasses. He practices optometry (op-TOM'-2-trer). "7, The optician (op-TiSH'-on) is jehnician’ who Words About Doctors and Specialists y grinds lenses to an ists ‘scription or who ’s or optometrist’s pre~ Ste optalitrmeta 7 O noman a The ‘that are peculiar to women. | His (guy-n0-KOL’-o-jee). (Almost peat aparece alt rc cee odo) 8 sa adept (Gorm TOL- st) secalins Se 10. The psychiatrist (sy-KY’-o-trist; wi rr Sti ft mental aliments, emotional probleme, psychoses, neuroses, u ‘The orthodontis cre, 1, The ist (ortho DON’-tist) special straightening crooked teeth and in concetig bed tones ‘or, 8 they are called in the vocabulary of orthodontia (or’-the-DON’-sho), “malocclusions,” aie 1 Which Specialist Would You Visit? Write the a . cach ofthe flloving ane retlist You would suggest for 43s FIFTH DAY wwswans: (1) podiatrist or chiropodist; (2) optome- $2, P°G) peditician, (4) obstelan, uw : Tost Your Linguistic Instinct ‘You have studied the titles of eleven specialists and the form that designates the profession or practice of each one. (An obstetrician practices obstetrics, a pediatrician is in- volved in pediarics, ete.) Can you, now, figure out tho ‘adjective form of each word that would describe the prac- titioner or his work? For example, the obstetrician has ote pediatrician bas pationts. 2. The podiatrist has. nts. 6. The gynecologist treats... 7, The dermatologist treats . tions. 8 The psychiatrist handles Jems. 9, The orthodontist handles... dems. 10, The optician makes or sells swans: (3) pediAT’ric; (2). podiAT’ricy wens: patie, (4) ophbalmol OG optoMET tie; (6) Words Abort Doctors and Speciatists 30) deimatoLOG'ieal; (8) psychiAd’sic; (9), orthoDON’tic; (10) OP'tical y is Thore a Doctor in tha House? Jn @ profecsional building in a large city, you ses. a umber of medical tiles on the doors as you go down the halls. In exch cace, check the definition or description that 5 cach tile, Before you look at the answers, see if you can. ram the pro‘casions ofthe tro that are left. Room Gne: ‘The shingle says “Join Doc, Podiatrist” 2. Ho treate diseases of the skin. ', He's the man to see when you have aa aching corn, & Ha practices gencral medicine. Room Two: The office of Richard Roe, Peyehinist a. He treats diseases ofthe skin, . He comests malocetusions, © People who have emotional problems vist aim, Room Three: The office of: George Fonss,’ Ophishal- mologiet. & He knows all about diseasis of the eye and refractive etsors, and may resort % Surgery, it eceasary, to correct eye ailments, b, He'll cheek your vision and prescribe glasses it you need thes. © Heli be hapey t sell you say sort of optical instriments-—biaomulors, telescupes, sDist0 Scop, of Jaen Brows, Qniespath the ircaiment of coras wd buon. d. He that discaies at placement of che tones, with reeptlaat pres- Sure on nerves aud ilood vessels, bo remedies° FIFTH DAY an ailment by manipulation of tho affected Foils and extract test. \ Room Fie The nate on Dis door i Tohn Smit, | 2 He teats sexes and aliments pecalir 19 2, A b Pr eels inthe is of infancy and cbilé- hhood. a c. He delivers babies, answens: (1) b; dermatologist, (c) 2. doctor, * iuian or ger recone ye" (a) | 5 a dermatologist, (b) an orthodontist; (3) } a (b) is an optometrist, (c) an opticians odiatrist or chiropodist, (c) Ceti 8 oP Ga) is wtetiian, (8) 2 pediatrician, Verbs Give You Power Do you remember your old schooIbook definition of a verb? It went something Uke this: “A verb is that past of spocch which assert, declares or predicates.” But s dysamis verb is more than this. Xt is the catalyst of the sentence. It is the word that brings te sentence to lite. ‘Choose your verbs with eare. Tf you pick 9 dull verb, your speech will be cull, barely serving its primary purpose of communication, ‘mek Littl impression on the mind of your reader or listener. A choice of powerful verbs, on the other hand, will thaks your speech electric, galvanic. Like a powder chugs, it can give the impact of bullets to all tho other words it your sentence. A singie ilusication of this statoment will be enough. ich of the two following senteuces har tho greaier force? ge 1. His is @ moral leper; let us keep away from him and have nothing to do with him. 2. Hes a moral leper; let us ostracice hia. : “aPr 4 SIXTH DAY Verbs Give You Power é ‘The enswer is obvious isn't if? One Word has expressed a the meaning of ter, 1. Live in a passive way ‘So watch yous verbs. They are packed with power. 2. Deptive of a possession unjustly Crs 3. Make amendsior 4, Beg. for ceaselessly; beseech; thot enezvies. rest - so Se op och ‘Here aco ten dymaaic verbs that belong in a tich woeab Foe pan nll ox patate | uly. We are not going to give yon their precise defini- 6. Pu ii a tioos Just read the sentences in which they oceur aud 822 | fala nn Rome ning f you can guess the meanings of the ones you don't already 28 i immeeat 1 Eocene Whai are come ofthe things people do? 9, Abcrbe, attlbute, or chara Se They expats (ERS), te as, ety act or thought (to somesne), iundes, oF xeOrs. i accusatory 2. They impartute (im-par-TOON’) God for divine | Small 2 bed or accusatory favor. 10. Disapprove i 3, They impute (imrPYOOT) waworthy motives to | [ewer ET ced! / | : 4. They scintillate (SIN’-to-late), the wittier ones, at ANSWER: " ic : ‘ ss: (1) vegetate; (2) nulct; (3) jiate; cocktail pati fmparing” (3) ota (6) prcerte 5, They miler (MULT) the wewery ot ‘ullibte mer) wea a) oem public. impute; 3 5 6, They ostracize (OS'-tro-size) menibers of religious, impute; © (10) deprecate political, or racial minorities. L/P They deprete (DEPo-kate) tho foibles of 3 others. coed uw E 8, They procrastinate (prO-KRAS'-to-nate} snd then : ‘yow to be moro punctual in the future. ‘Which of the verbs most aptly describes the characteris- 9, ‘They rusticate (RUSSto-kate) in tho summer tic action of the following people? ‘ tim, if finances permit. nc . EEE aera | SERS A ching in imagination, initiative, Gr eneigy. - 2. He is accustomed to blami © blaming uw 3. He is a sparkling and witty per.” Refesring to Séction J, write the proper verb next to its definition. The defivitions do ndt appear in the same ‘order ds the seniences above,“4 SIXTH DAY 6. He fs an exclusive individual, avoiding people who are dif- ferent feom himseli. 7, He cheats others, 8. He's an insistent beggar. 9. He looks down on the acts of others. 10, He fs on a vacation in the coun- “ty. — answers: (1) procrastinates; (2) imputes; (3) scin- tillates; (4) expiates;’ (5) vegetates; (6) costracizes; (7) mulets; | (8)- importunes; (9) deprecates; (10) rusticates v ‘You will find, below, eleven poits of sentences. ‘The second sentence of each pair ho: a blank line that, cor- responds to an italicized phrose in the first sentence. Write, ca this blank line, either another form of, or a noun oF adjective derived from, one of the verbs we have studied in this chapter. | 1. He has been spending his time in the country. He ‘has been ....... “ 2 ‘Why do you keep nagging me for favors? Why are fe a. ne SL 8 td wpb ante methods. He . the public of $1,000,000. 4, Excluding him from our group is our most i potent weapoa against soieone who is disloyal. : 's our most potent weapon against someone who is disloyal. “ 5, For the past two years, I have been accomplishing nothing and getting nowhere. For the past two ‘years, Ihave been : Verbs Give You Power a 6. He showed contempt and disapproval of the younger generation, HE wncsenesnnsnne the YOURE gen- 9, zation, 1. To make amends.for his sin, he did penance for three day8. 1 nnonenne OF Bis sin, he did [penance for three days. 8. Do they accuse mo of committing these offenses? Have they: sve thes Offenses (0 me? 9. Lresent yout accusation that I committed these of- fenses. Tresent your of these f- fenses to me. 10, She is a sparkling and witty speaker. She is ; speaker. 11, Putting off till tomorrow is the thief of time. isthe thief of time. answers: (1) rusticating; (2) importanate; (3) muleted; (4) -ostracism; (5) vegetating; (6) deprecated; (7) expiation; (8) im- puted; " (9) imputation; (10) ‘scintillating; (21) prosrastination v ‘Now for a change of pace, with a few verbal gymnastics for you. Can you think of five verbs ending in ate? They not appeared in this chapter. ‘The definitions and letters are offered to help you. 1, Have control over 2. Make easier 3. Follow the example of 4, Make gestures or motions to convey meanings VAS: Get betior avswors: (1) dominate (DOM'-s-nats);) (2) facilitate (foSiL-o-tate); (3) emulate (EM/yo late):Semen 48 8 IXTH DAY (4) gesticulate: (Gess-TIK’-yo-late); (5) re ‘cuperate (ree-KOO’-po-rate) ‘Now can you think of five verbs ending in ize? 1, Becondsscendingtoward 2. Make pay a fine or suffer punish- meat 3, Make vivid or moving 4. Make live forever 5, Appropriate and claim 9s one’s ‘own the literary work of another ‘answers: (1) patronize (PAT'-ro-nize); (2) penalize (PEE’-ne-lize); (3) dramatize (DRAM‘-o- tize); (4) immortalize G-MORE‘-to-lize); (5) plagiarize (PLAY’-jeo--tise) Mw \ “an you make the verbs of Section V.an active part of "your speaking vocabulary? Fill the blanke of the following Zentencer, Some new form of the vert may be required, such as dominates, dominating, dominated. 4 1. Beethoven's compositions have slways the musical scene, 2. Carl Sandhary’s bidgraphy vividly the Ife of Lincola as no other book has ever been able to, 3. I have never scen a sick man 50, quickly. 4, Your friends think you are conceited because you seem to ‘them. +5, Nature will ‘you for your alcoholic the habits of successful, wildly. Verbs Give You Power a 8 He built an insecure and dishonest litvrary reputs- ton by os the classics. 9. Lot me pack oy that will ‘your departure. 10. The “Elegy in a Country Churchyard” did much to ‘the poet Thomas Gray. ‘answers: (1) dominated; (2) dramatizes; (3) recu- evate; (4). patronize; (5) penalizes (6) ‘emulate; (7) gesticulated; (8) plagiarizing; (9) facilitate; (10) immortalize vu “Twenty dynamie verbs, excellent additions to a powerful vocabulary, have been discussed in this chapter. How nay of them can you call to mind? Let us put your learn ing and retention toa test. {i order to prompt your memory, the initial letters re given, Recall and writo down as many as you can before ctecting to the preceding pages to check yourself. & score of twelve out of twenty fo fair, fifteen good, eighteen ot nineteen exellent, ll tenty superb 1B. . Da ‘For tho next few days keep your eyes and eats alert for verbs, Note them as you read, or as people speak to you Seo whatlier they are effective and do their work. Bill boards, car-cards, and other advertisements will be par-e SIXTH DAY helpfat, for advertising space costs money aad the sey ae rer ited ead your newspaper, Watch for examples of well-chosen, dynamic verbs. a ae and punch to your speech and writing. TO Tho mentally alort person is ot content to tive merely from dey to day, completely cizcurseribed by such things 4s food, money, clothing, and entertainment. Occasionally he is tempted to speculate on why he is living and what the controlling forces of his life are. This chapter deals with a fow of the terms that are applied to these. motivating forees by. different people who have varying points of 1. Is there a God? Nothing so closely approaches the Outer limits of abstraction as'theorizing about a super ‘ostural und supreme being. Many of us worship, most of 1S at least sccept, some form of deity. Do you belong to the minority who insist, ctton belligerently, that man.amakes God in his own image, that God is @ figment of the imagination and bene compicte'y, irrevocably nonexistent? ‘Then you are an atieist (4Y"-thee-ist; th asin think) ‘and your philosophy is called atheism (AY’-thee-iz-om), 49SBVENTH DAY 50 ‘The word is from the Greck a, “without,” and thcos, 2. ‘To mnany other thinkers it seems more reasonable to tay that th oxsience or nonexistence of empeme being 718 one mystery the humsn mind will never fathori id the world come into being? How did He beg? Is there a father who looks after his children, or are we the products of purposeless chance? Do you answer these ‘questions by saying that no one Injowe aiid no one ean ever hope to know? Then you are an agnostic (ag-NOSY-tik), ‘and your doctrine is called agnosticism (ag-NOSS-to-sizx em). This word, too, is from-the Greek, dtived from ‘agnostos, “not knowing.” 3. Why did that young child dart across the roadway just as a hnge truck rounded the bend? How do you explain ‘tbe needleas savfling out of an innocent iife? In it due to blind chance? To cause and eflest? Why should: some syeat benefactor of tiumanity be cut off ia his prime? Are such events controlled by accident? Or ar they deter riined by fate? (Fate, incidentally, is derived from the Latin Janie, “spoken” or “predictod.") Hf you believe that everything that happens Js predeter- ‘mined, foreordained, written down, ax it werc, ca the far-off yrigos of some mighty volume, you sre a fatalist (FAY’-to-list) end your theory is walled fatclism (PAY- foriz=om), 4. Ta this world of outs you will find some people who sin'e only of themselves and of their owm seat advan- lage, and who sctually maintain that all virtuo consis in the punruit of seit-interest. Completely indifergnt (0. che needh, feclings, oF wishes of others, they bade thett actions ‘on personal ain and disect benefit. They Selfeve in, snd motivated by, “goinn (EB’-g-ia-oc:); x meuber of i & cult & an cgoie (ER-giria). (Thess words, characteristicely, derive from the Latin eso, “I.”) S. FE your characteristig: ere oppo’ to thes of am ois i yon have an iinteiish regard for, and devotion the interests and necdis of ction, then yoo are mi olives (AL-tr08-8t) and you prectise atiruisrs (ALMsG6 ia-om), DET Words About Theories st he elaonship ofthis word to the Latin ater, “other.” isclear. 6. Can you rise above petty considsrations of ptoasure and pain, joy and grief? Can you meet adversity with ia difference and submit to the arrows and slings of misfor- tune with a dignified sesignation? Can you sive up envy, agreed, jealousy, hatred, and other human pastions? Cas: you suffer mental and physical pain without complaint? Tf you can honesily say “yes” to these questions, and if you sin~ corely believe that such self-control makes for s better way of life, then you are a stoic (STO'ik), a practitioner of stoiclom (STO-2-siz-om). The founder of stoivism was the Greek philosopher Zeno, who lived about three hundred Defore Christ. Stoic is from the Greek stoikos, ‘which, in turn, is from stoa, “porch.” Zeno taught ia the Stoa Poikile, or “Painted Porch,” in Athens. 7, Are you apt to say: “No other nation can hold a candle to my country. We are the eupermea, the chosen people. Every other race is inferior to mine and they arc all destined to be our slaves when the day comes”? ‘This is | not patriotism. Or, rather, itis patriotism carried to an jle | logical and ludicrous extreme. If you happen to talk this ‘way, you are a chauvinist (SHO'vo-nist); you are addicted to chawviniem (SHO’-vo-niz-2:2). These terms comic from | the mame of a real man, Nicolas Chewvia of Rochefort, | | ‘who was 20 demonstrative in his devotion to Napoleon and to the imperial cause that he was ridiculed on the French Hage at the time, 8, Are you a traggart abou! your country’s yower? Do You alvaye want our ait 1 ae fore! Do yo wan o tall out the Army, Navy, and Air Force on the slightest Provocation, and scad our soldiers and sailors around the | Mosld to show those “damn foreigners” who's the bose? | {Do the other nations want wai?” you ask. “Wel give it to them, And if they don't want it, we'll give it to them any- Way.” If ahis is a Gencripticn of your phiceophy. you axe & ngoist (TNG'-g6-i), and your heart beans {5 tune with he marie! music of ingolsm (ING-¥6-tcm). (The “Tingoes” were originaliy a section of the Couservative52 SEVENTH DAY in England in 1877 whio were eager to have their Bary a Eagan oT ee my 9. Ib it best that our government follow the political Ca sy anos change conan eit ‘we move rapidly abead, change const Sed exposment? Those who Belov ia beralan follow latter philosophy. They ows allegiance to n0 party, Ee independent in thought and acon, and are alway! ‘anathema t9 those who wish the to pursue tho welrodéen, patie, Liberals reer changis. dynamic erimenting. government. They vote for progress, some- {ier in the sens that anything now and aircon previously untried is progressive, The Romana gave us the ‘word liber, “free.” 10. The conservative, on the other hand, is opposed to change. Ho bolioves that what is, is best. Ho prefers that his follow familiar, tried, tested, and safo policies. “We're content with what we have," he says. Eig take the risk of sailing into uncharted waters?” The ‘word derives from Latin conservare, “to preserve.” (An extreme liberal is a radical; an extreme conservative is @ reactionary.) . ‘L1. What type of life is best? To one group of thinkers, such a question has a simplo answer. That life ix the most successful, saye the epicuean (ep'-o-kydd-REB’-on), ‘which brings fo cach person the maximum of pleasure and. the minimum of pain. The doctrine of epicureanism (ep e-kyoS-REE’-o-niz-om) teaches that pleasure is the chiet good. (Epicurean should not be confused with epicure, fone who enjoys the delights of the table and who is expert ‘and fastidious in his choice of food.) Rendy for a check on your learning and retention? ‘ 1 ‘What philosophy is expressed by each of the statements below? i, “I'm interested in the welfare of the 2 arate himself, My interests come first, last, St moore one virtuc, and bravery?” c 4. “Let's not stand still in politics, et dl i pin rope ne i Rapes or fo, i 6. “There's a God? Don’t be silly. Only, stupid people believe in God.” , 7. “Maybe there is. a God. Maybe there MOR I SO Nose jet et mere 8. “The wise and brave man is indiffers~ cgay etl wp eee pv, a aoe amy oe tion in the world to knock the chip E off our shoulder!” I 10. “You can't clange the future. it's all planned and-written down,” F AI. “Let's keep things just as they ara. We're getting along all right, so why foo! arovnd with any dangeroms halle baked, uew-faugled theaties?” © anewens: (1) altrclst (4) beret; (7) agrestis (2) egoist; (3) chawvinin; 3) coroceans sy 8) ois; (YH (12) conservativeAdjective forms of these nouns are as follows: oun altruism atheism ‘aqnosticiom fataliom egoim stoicism = chauvinism Hingoism - liberal ‘conservatism politics. 4, Politically, youth is inclined to be... 5. The 6. The narrow, ... cvited. 9. THe nn 10. Tarests, “se serves have often been the ‘by which strong nations have, their weaker neighbors. 11. The their children. "doubts of the skeptical. SEVENTH DAY _ ADTECTIVE | ‘aliruistic "| atheistic | cegnostic | fataistic | egoistic stoical chauviistic fingoistic liberal conservative | epicurean | .. tinge to ~ flavor of oriental religions. desires of the con- resignation of those who ._ blataney of professional “Bag desires of the self-indulgent. and a call-up of the 1e- means imposed their will oa attitudes of most parents to Words About Theories 35 Avswansy (1) atheistic; (2) agnostic; (3) conserva tive; (4) liberal; (5) fatalistic; ic (7) stoical; (8) chauvinistic; epicurean; (10) jingoistic; (11) altruistic ‘Finally, to make these words an integral part of your thinking and vocabulary, try this exercise. Can you react immediately to each statement as either essential- ly true or generally false? Read each statement quickly, ‘once only, then check at once the answer you trust. > 1. The aliruist hates people. 2. An atheist is a steady church- oer. \._ 3. The agnostics deoply religious, 4, A Jatalist never takes chances. ‘5. An egoist wants to help his fel- low-man. 6. The stoic becomes hysterical under the stress of tragedy or disaster: nas 7. Chauvinists often switch their, allegiance to other nations. 8.A jingoist is interested in peace at any cost. 9. A political liberal shies away 10. A political conservative be- lives in greatly enhanced Fed- eral power, LL. An epicurean pursues a life of austerity and self-denial. False. - False... False False, Fals False... answens: all statements, of course, are outrageously false,nga vse of he canal ga, ht eat a reaper we me than 25 per cent of the Greek language Pet raed per cent of the Latin language. It is obvious, then, th Cee a ee ee i my mean esha Ha, magick at con ee ay Eel a snd ow 9 — conse’), A onetone ie orice ee oa Sa ee sos Pony 1G). Tp een ‘s Quick Vocabulary Builder 37 Person in two or more concurrent marriages. From Latin bis, “twice” or “two,” plus gamos. 3. Polygamy (po-L1G/-smee), Azcustom, once preva: Jent among the Mormons in Utah and encountered today: in some piurts of Asia, Africa, the Near East, etc., in which a man has more than one wife. The frst part of the word is from Greek polys, “many.” 4, Misogamy (me-SOG"amee). Hatred of marriage, ‘From Greck misein, “to hate,” plus gamos, Notice how the Greek and Latin roots discussed in the previous section lead to four new words. 1. Monotheism (MON'-o-thee-iz’-om). The belief in a single, supreme deity. Greck monos, “one,” combined with theon "ged 2. Bicuspid (by-KUS'-pid). A tooth with two prongs. Latin bis, “twice” or “two,” and cuspis, “point” 3. Polyglot (POL'-ce-glot’). Glotta is Greek for {Tongues the polyglot is one who speaks many tongues or guages. 4. Misanthropy (mo-SAN’-thra-pee). Anthropos is Greek for “man, We have, then, the haired of man or of mankind: A mnisanthrope (MISS’-on-thrope), therefore, is anyone who has a morbid aversion to, or distrust of, his fellow men. Lot us take a quick review of the roots we've discovered s0 far. Can you remember the meaning of each word using these roots? stdegitones (Greek), “one,” és in monogamy and mono 2. Gamos (Greek), “marriage,” as in monogamy, biga ‘my, misogamy, and polygamyEIGHTH DAY 8 43, Bis (Latin), “twice” or “two,” as in bigamy and bicuspid “h, Polys (Greek), “many,” as in polygamy and polyglot 5, Misein (Greek), “to hate,” as in misogamy misanthropy 6. Theos (Greek), “god,” and polytheism f "7, Cuspis (Latin), “poiat,” asin bicuspid 8, Glotta (Greek), “tongue,” as in polyglot 9, Anthropos (Greek), “man,” as in misanthropy ‘a in monotheism, bitheism, vv Now on to further explorations into roots: 1, Theology (thee-OL’-2-jee) religion, To theos we add the edge,” “study,” or “word.” 2. Philanthropy (fa-LAN’-thro-pee). Love of mankind. ypos is combined with the Greek philein, ‘A philanthropist (fo-LAN'-thro-pist), then, who ally a “lover of his fellow- “to love. ives money fo the poor, ister *3 Anthropology (an’-thtS-POL/-2-je). Study of man, iio. science of human development and history—a come ‘ination of anthropos and logos. “4, Philology ((e-LOL/-2-jee) science of hnguistics—lteraly, & love of words, Dhilein combined with logos. |. Study of language, i.e. ‘from v a test of your knowledge of Gieck and Latin roar Wile the meaning of each root in the, appropri rote) ie tien give ove example of an English word based on this root, Ready for ick Ve » Bui Quick Vocabulary Builder ®. ie | | EXAMPLE MEANING dxswers: (1) ‘vice, two; (2) gods (3) loves $s "G) artags: angie, CP one (8) point; (9) many; (10) man, mankind; (21) study, knowledge, word ‘To check your exatiples, refer to previous pages: 7 ‘Can you qualify as a word detective? in mind @ a a seal an red eet Ker nin clr fo ei sem a ae Fee ota ean se a's Wite reaning in the blank line following each sen- 1. Some Englishmen wear a monocle (MON’-s-kel). 2, He delivered an intersting Bion by). an interesting monologue (MON’-o- 3. He has & monopoly of the cote iis oly ofthe coffee m: (ms-NOP60 BIGHTH DAY 4. He lives in 2 monastery (MON"-e-staic-). 5, He is riding # dicjele (BY’0-Kel). 6. Man is a biped (BY'-ped). F France and England made a bilateral (by-LAT'-0- zal) agreement. 8. A rectangle is « polygon (POL-<2-z0u). 9. misogynist (a9-SAHW-o-nist) shuns the com pany of women, 19, Romans practiced polytheism (POL/-ee-thee-iz om). 11, This tooth isa tricuspid (:ry-KUS'-pid). 14; "The President's wonderful stamp collection is the cavy of philarelisis (fo-LAT-o-lists). 15, The anthropoid:(AN’-turo-poid’) apes are similar in appearance to humans. 44. Biology Cby-OL/-2 joe) is fascinating science. i \ : Quick Vocabulary Butter ox 45, England is a monarciiy (MON’or-kee). AnsweRst (1) lens for one oye; person; (3) contiol by one person (of the market); (4) place where people live alone; (5) vehicle of two wheels; (6) creature with two feet; (7) two-sided (8) many-sided figure; * (9), hater of women; (10) belief in ‘many gods; (11) tooth with three points; (12) lovers, hence collectors, of stamps; (13) (2) speech by one manlike; (14) study of life; (15) ‘country ‘here one person rules : vu Consider, perhaps with emazoment, how many new words you have learned in a very short time by tracing - them back to their Latin. or Greek derivation. Pronounce each aloud as you come to it, and review briefly its meane ing as reflected by the root structure, 1. gamos, marriage ‘monogamy (139-NOG'- 2. monos, one ‘monotheism (MON'-2- mee) thee-ix’-ait) , bigamy (BIG'-2-mee) monogamy (ma-NOG'- polygamy (pa-LIG'-- ——_a-mee). | tee) monocle (MON'-2-ko!) isogamy (ma-SOG'-3- monologue (MON->- mee) log’) ‘monopoly . (1i2-NOP™ s-keo) monastery (MON'-2- stair’-ce) monarchy (MON’-o1- Kee)ee 62 3 5. uw bis, twice, two bicuspid (by-KUS'-pid) bicycle Gre biped (BY’- bilateral (by-LAT’-o- rol) bigamous (BIG'-0- mas) aisein, to hate Imisogamy (m2-SOG'->- mee) ‘misogynist (ma-SAHY nist) misanthropy (mo SAN'-thro-pee) logos, word,’ stady, inowiedge : biology (by-OL"-o-jee) theology (thee-OL-2- Fitotory (LOLs jee) anthropology (an-th- POL'-ojee) ). anthropos, man, man kind anthropoid (AN'-thr2- poid) anthropologist (an-thr>- POL!-o-jist) Philanthropist (fo LAN‘-thro-pist) rmisanthrope (MISS' ‘n-thrope) ; risanthropist < (ais- ‘AN’-thro-pist) gotta, congue polyglot (POL!-te-g10") EIGHTH DAY 4. polys, many polygamy (goLIG'-2- mee) polyglot - (POL'-ce- Blot’) polygon (POL/-e0- gon’) pobyelom (POL theee-on) 6. theos, theology (thee-OL!-o- ee < monotheist (MON-> thee-ist) 8. philein, to love poo (f-LOL’-2- Pte (LAT - list) philanthropy (fo-LAN’- thro-pee)* 10. cuspis, point bicuspid (by-KUS pid) tricuspid - (try-KUS’- pid) Quick Vocabulary Builder a) . vil Final review time! If you feel a happy and secure control of the material of this chapter, try this simple test, in which you have to fill in one or more blanks in each sentence. Can you make a perfect score without referring to previous iaformation? 1. One who practices monogamy has only one 2. A misogamist nou martiage. 3. Theology i he study of or 4, Biology is the of life. 5. A philatelist collects gence 6. A misanthropist “mankind. 7, Anthropology is the science of... development. 8 A bicuspid has points. 9. A tricuspid has Points. 10. Anthropoid means “similar 16, or in the form of, Innguages. 11, A polyglot speaks .. 12. A polygon has 13. Under polygamy, @ man may have wives. 14, In America, a bigamous marriage is 15. In a monotheistic religion, there is only one 16. A biped has tW0 ours 17. A two-wheeled vehicle is a ts 18, An agreement endorsed by two sides is called 19, A lens for only one 696 is called @ economia 20. A speech by one person is a 21. Control of the market by one person or group is a 22, A: place where men live in seclusion is @ nn6 EIGHTH DAY 23. A nation’ which has one, usually hereditary, ruler isa 7 24, Belief in many gods is called .. 25. A misogynist hates swans: (1) spouse, wife, husband; (2) hates; (3) mvs (2 mai, be stamps; (6) hates; (7) human, "man’s, mankind's; (8) two; (9) three; (10) Ihuman, human being, man, person, etc.; (11) many,” (12) many (13) many; (14) ik legal, unlawful, ete; (15) Gods (16) legs, fect; (17) bicycle; (18) bilateral; (19) monocle; (20) monologue; (21) monopo~ ly; (22) monastery; (23) monarchy; (24) polytheism; (25) women, females, efe. A Quick Test of Your Progress to Date You are of course aware that you will never add very rapidly to your vocabulary by merely being exposed to words, or by reading, or by talking, You must have a lan. Here is one way to get ahead with words in everyday life. Is the simplest thing inthe world. Buy a small pocket notebook. When you read a news- paper, a magazine, or a boos, oF Isten to TV or the radio, and come upon a strange word, enter it in four notebook, ‘Then look it up inthe dictionary. If you find that its some abstruse or highly technical term, such as, say, syzvey, "an immovable union between. two brachials of a crinoid,” just pass it by. You won't-be using it unless you are Studying to be a professor of biology. Lut if it sounds Tike 2 word {Ut will be helpful to you, take possession of it make it your own personal property. Saji aloud many times. Study its defsition, note its derivation, ‘Be fu? 6EEE e_~—s“‘iéieE™OWOWOOO™UUUUU 66 NINTH DAY al to copy from the dictioniry the sample sentence in hich ie is used, if such is given, Then write your own Mentence along the lines of the example in the dictionary. "Ail thi wil take only a few minutes or so, but it is necessary to make ‘the practice a daily habit, Then the fist in your notebook will grow and grow, 9s will your command of English. ‘We want, at this point, to help you gain complete pos- session of any of the words in the first eight chapters that may have once been unfamiliar to you. ‘Tn this review, you have, 48 ustial, the responsibility of gfading yourself. After you have compared your answers With those given at the end of the chapter, we will give ‘you an interpretation of your score and you can then see ‘what progress you have made. 1. The study of the origins of words or of word: histories is called (a) philology; (b) verbology; (c) etymology 2, The “taxicabs” in Ancient Rome gave rise to out word a) ealeulate; (b) supercitious; (6) captain 3, The Greek eyllable graph means +“ (q) seeing; (b) writing; (c) speaking 4. The word run has approximately .. ferent dictionary meanings. (a) 35 (6) 205 (6) 90 5. Some words require emotional maturity to be un- derstood. (a) Tate? or (b) False? och phrase in column B defines « word in colunm A. Match the two coluinns. A Quick Test of Your Progress to Date 87 cA 2 1, vicarious a. appeal to the baser emotions 2 rationalize ~b, tearfully sentimental i «. company-loving : 4. second-hand or substitutional in experience 6. fawning and servile justify, usually “unconsciously (an unworthy act) 1. pander severely self-denying 8. sublimate refine; turn into higher or so- “ally acceptable channels 9. wanton i. worn out sterile; exhausted "fom rich or overindulgent liv- : ing 10, efete-” i, unrestrained i (Check the corret forms: 1, The obstetrician: (a) delivers babies; (b) treats’ bables; (c) teats women's diseases, 2. The osteopath: (a) slghens text; (6) specialize in skin dix eases; ats diseases by manipulati 5 3. The optometrist: 7 maniputing Ge bone (a) sells lenses; (b) measures your eyes f 7 (©) operates on your eyes a a Bases 4 The podiarta: £ a) treats foot ailments; (b) treats mental ailments; (@) teats necvealments o ‘5. The psychiairist is interested in (a). your stomach; (b) your mind: (¢) your eyese NINTH DAY W Write the required verb: 1, Tostagnate 2, To postpone 3, To thea to deprive fandulently | & Toexcindes to ban 5. Toatone for 6. Tocntreat 1. Tosparkle &, Todistpprove of 9. To spend time in the country 40, To charge (someone with) Hr guenonue v Fill in each blank space With the type of person who ‘would be most apt to make such a statement. 1, “I have’ good taste in foods and wines.” 2. “Government should experiment’ 3. “Government must not experi- ment.” 4, STE they don't want war, give it, to them anyway.” $. “My country is the only one 6. worth anything.” "Pain will never make me 7.“The other fellow comes first.” A 8. coms first above al.” E +9, “There is1no God.” A lent know whether Gt. net thers is a Goo” Seything wl happen ag t wily no mater what we de.” RY TO Give the, meaning Latin roots: 7 1. logos 2. theos 3 be © phen 5: mizein 10. cuspis Lk glotta answer Ga (5) Oi: 6) (5) b (3) amulet; scintilates rusticate; ( Vi C1) epicure; conservative; Ti (1) 4; 2) Gye. (4) IV: (1) vogetate; (2) procrastinate; A Quick Test of Your Progress to Date vl ach of the. following Greek or 2 1) (2) (3) bs (4) Scoring: Two points each Your Score: ) gs (7) a5 (8) by 10) i Scoring: Two points each TI: (1) a (2) 6 (3) bs (4) Scoring: Two points each (4) ostracize; (3) expiate; (6) importune; (7) (8) deprecste; (9 10) impue Scoring: "Two points each. vo, on eae sera (3 (ingests 3}NINTH DAY ait; (6), stole; (7) ak seas e) eget, (O) athe, (10) agnostic; a Scoring? Two pon —— Word, knowledge, study VAY gous ca) emer os (4) we; (5) hate; (6) one; i} flan, mankind; (8) many; (9) marriage; (10) point; qi) tongue coring: Two points each 7 pals Your Score: faximum Score: 104 ae Your Total Score: ‘What Your Score Means f ts the possibility that you may °° gee rush enuph you along, Work ae erode nat patel te our POE ao 60-10 is an average and szcoiable sore, Can you stil etter next time! 2 snus 72-86 stows Betertanaveae erst Coe te deci you ce Yoru nevertheless, improve ‘next time ew and 104 Jadeares remarkable propess. Your itrest and 85-104 wtmotivation are high, and your rewards this work will therefore be great. Your Fellow Men We have now a wide and most important group of words to consider. These are the words that deseribe and catalog 8 few of the various classes of our fellowmen and. that ‘identify. some of their activities.’ And here is a helpful game tliat you might like to try. Just jot down om the margin of these pages, opposite each of the. twenty-five words that follow, the name of a friend of yours or a well-known actor or public character, who, you believe, ‘Would best personify the particular word under discussi Dramatizing the word in this fashion will help fix its tear ing in your mind. - You will meet some familiar words in this list, words {fst We have introduced in previous chapters. Bat repel. tion is a part of learning, and very often, wheit a weed ‘appears 2 secon time, it will by presented $x another free and with a considerably enriched ineaning, Let us look over a few of the words that characterize the varied types.of personalities who inbabit our inierere ing world, ; aTENTH DAY 1. The coquette (K0-KET’). ‘This girl promises much, flirts egregiously, and delivers very lite. 2, The circe (SUR’-see). Her greatest pleasure comes from Loring men to their destruction. 3. The amazon (AM'-0-20n"). She's the tall, strap- png, masculine kind of woman. 4. The’ virago (v-RAY-#0). She is the loud- mouthed, turbulent, batile-axe types a vicious nag and scold. 5, The adonls (#DON’-0s). He's. the hatidsome, Greeks god type who makes the hearts of young gicis fatter. 1. The judas (JOO'-das). Don’t trust him. He's the tuaitor who vill sell cut his bestfriend for money. 2. The futllitarian (fy6-ti’-o-TAIR’-c0-0n)._ ‘The pes imist and cynic who sces sio particular point to any- thing in life. 3, The vulgarian (wul-GAIR’-ee-on). He has vulgar tastes and manners. 4, Tho pedant (PED’-ont). His greatest delight is mak- ing an unnecessary show of his learning, especially by correcting petty errors. He attaches exaggerated importance fo minute and minor details of scholar- ship. 5. The egolst (BE’-gi-ist.) His credo is selfishness. His interests come fist, and ao one else matters. 6. The ascetic (3-SET-ik). He lives a’severely tem- perate life and avoids human pleasures and vices 7, The esthete (ESS’-theet). He is, person of ne taste and artistic fair. Hence, he is most responsive to, cad delighted with, whatever is beautiful. Words About Your Fellowmen » 1. The demagogue (DEM’-0-goe’). By appeating to prejudices and hatreds ofthe population, he ‘beets social discontent in order t9 further his owa political ambitions. . . The martinet (mer-t0-NET). He's fanetic'in his insistence on blind discipline from his subordinates, and a tiresome stickler for form and etiquette, . The sycophant (SIK’-efant). By insincere fiattery and pretended servility, he hopes to make rich or influential people think of him Kindly, esp2cially when they have some erumbs to throw. Wv 1, The atheist (AY'-thee-st). He's sure God is non- existent. ° 2. The agnostic (ag-NOSS’tik). He maintains that th ‘human mind is incapable of penetra 7 en mind ating the mystery of divine existence. Pethaps there is exhay ft Noten Enea tae it # Got pecans v 1 Ree et 5 foxy ‘occupation, or art. _ eee Bisiate ae Sie, nt inom of te, a having reached the greatest heights ‘ot Joa eset ee Se re ye 3. The philologist (f2-LOL’-2-jist}. He's a_s¢ of Tanguage and speech. , ee" TENTH DAY sight. Hence, he often makes prophecies about the future, vw 1, The philatelist (fo-LAT-o-list), He's the stamp col- lector. 2, The numismatist (n00'-MIZ!-mo-tist). He's the eoin + eollector. vii 1. The gourmet (gd6rMAY"):, He is knowledgeable and fastidious about cating ‘and drinking, devoting himself to excellent food, special wines, exotic sea- “ sonings, ete. 2. The connoisseur (Kon'-o-SUR’). He is a critical judge of excellence in the arts, food, drink, wom- ‘en, ete. ~ vt Test Your Loarning Cen you fil the blank line swith the word that fits each description? |. He docs not believe in God, . He is a skillful practitioner of some art, . He collects rare coins. He has an unusual appreciation of beauty. He is ostentatious about his learn ing. He will betray a friend. Sho is a fit. She is a destructive siren, Words About Your Fellowmen 78 9. He is an offensive stickler for dis- ciptine. 10, He lives only for himself. 11. He lives a simple and “austere existence. 12, He bootlicks the rich and power- ful. 13, He is a false leader of the common people. 14, He's not sure whether or not God exists, 15, Ho claims that life is: completely futite, 16. She's @ masculine woman, big and muscular. 17. She has a sharp tongue anda vicious temper. 18, He has good taste in food. 19. He's extremely handsome, (AAO. He's coarse and uncouth. 21.. He's a beginner in his profession. 22. He's a student of words. 23. Hee says'he can see things that you can't. 24, He's an authoritative judge and critic in some fine art or other area of excellence. 25. He collects stamps. wi UM > Ue > mE ee answers: (1) atheist; (A) esthete; coquettes egoist; (2) virtuoso; (3) numismatist; (5) pedant; (6) judas; (7) (8) circe; (9) martinet;, (10) (11) ascetic; (12) sycophant; 13) ‘demagogue; (14) agnostic; (15) fu- filitarian; (16) amazon; (17) - virago; (18) gourmet; (19) adonis; (20) vulgari- an; (21) tyro; (22) philologist; (23) Slarveyants (24) comnolseur, (25) phiat- elisteo TENTH DAY * Reinforce Your Knowledge Ready for another try at the same words? Check the one 12, 13, 14 15. | 16. | a 18, 19. 20. 21, | 2 2. | 24. 25. answers: (1) flirtatious; (4) fierce; |. coquette amazon virago adonis judas utilitarian . vulgarian . pedant | M1. i ‘egoist ascetic esthete demagogue ‘martinet sycophant atheist agnostic tyro virtuoso hilologist clairvoyant Philatelist umismatist gourmet ‘connoisseur adjective out of three offered that most nearly fits each sincere, irtatious, talkative untrustworthy, unapproachable, nag- ing : feminine, allring, big fierce, docile, fer feminine, good-looking, wasteful ‘untrustworthy, unapproachable, un- assuming optimistic, pessimistic, indifferent courteous, crud, clever corrective, sentimental, softchearted amtitions, boring, sel-centered puny, puetle, puritanical talkative, tasteful, triumphant traitorous, troublemaking, temperate reckless, easygoing, demanding sincere, hypocritical, handsome irreligious, youthful, fattering sod-fearing, skeptical, ambitions expert, uncouth, unskilful stalled, indifferent, alluring selfish, ill-mannered, scholarly prophetic, protesting, fearful ‘stamp-involved, coin-involved, book- involved stamp- involved, coininvolved, book- involved fastidious, vulgar, pigeish discriminating ignorant, ambitious (2) untrustworthy; (3) bigs (5) good-looking; (6) untrust- Words Abort, Your Fellowmen 7 (9) G1) puri. fa (13) toubemaking, a ypocttical (19) skilled; (20) scholacly; (21) prophet. ic; (22) stamp-involved; (23) coin-in- volved; (24) fastidious; (25) dhscsiminnts worthy; (7) pessimistic; corrective; (10) self-centered; tanical; (12) tasteful; (14) demanding; (8) crude; x Furthor Reinforcement Every time you test your learni , ard an ey son ome 2m tage oct your Suing eee ds i mre cy si nl Sy cpt sign oll indy yet at Choose the eter of the area from Colum Ht tha Person in Columa 1 is involved in,. —— hes 0 } eoquete a. strength 2 Gite B. ecesanes 3. amazon ©. obedience io a austere existence 5. aon o: prosieness = fad f Septic 2: rian gating experince bulgarian” St asp 9. pedant i stamps 10. feo f lnguage aietc . destation of mat 12. esthete 1. insincere flattery _ political power ‘marriage ©. firing 13. demagogue —m, 14. martinet 2 15, sycophantpe ‘TENTH DAY 16, atheist . coarseness 17. agnostic &, top performarce » 18. bre 7, seltnterst 19. virtuoso : extrasensory perception 20. philologist t food Bn. Cirvoyant —— w. betrayal 22, philatclst —_v. igh quality 23. mumismatist —w. male beauly 2A. gourmet. % coins > 25. Sonmoiseur ——¥. podlessness 2 nagging answins: 1) 5 2) kG) & 4.3 Gow : (6) u; (7) by. (8) pi_ (9) es (10) (11) | (12) hy 3) my (14) oi (15) 06) 07) & 8) 19) (209 Gh) (2) 3) HS @5)¥ We have discussed with you, and thoroughly tested you con, twenty-five intensely human words about human chas- cierstics, professions, avocations, philosophies, and at- tides, These words aro dynamic, meaningful, warm 10 the touch, pulsating with life, They describe your friends fand enemies, your acquaintances and colleagues—perhaps ‘yourself on occasion? "These words are valuable, Watch for them in your read ing; Isten for them in conversation. Use them yourself in ‘yr speech and writing—you will be delighted to discover Joy compactly and foresfully they express precisely what you want to say. We touched on a ride mee Aen.a number of normal human characterises slit eae he witht nae Pamonehegaiey, neuroses, phobias, and mild or violent Let us discuss, first, as ss, fist, ve of the most eo i Keptomania, pyromaris, dipsomania, megelonana ea monomania, "i, megalomania, and nee-ak) has a strang : arm down a house fascinated by the flames, 2. somaniae (di ihe dipsomaniae (dip’s0-MAY’-nee-ak) has an n= controllable compulsion to drink.’ His vice is & good dealELEVENTH DAY 80 sore it, of course It is am than a socially pleasant habit, of cou Emotional problem, ad be must drink and get druale eally wants to or not. wise meylomaniee meg oIEMAYT-ncoi) hes 2 . hho is Napoleon or Caesar, tha Stormour weak or even, smetines, that be & Cod. He {continually obsested by delusions of grandeur. te monomanie (aon-BMAY ea) ent od in Just one area; on everything else except his ow wali ce eta tare Nepal The. Keplomantac (Kep-f-MAY'-nee-ak) has compulsion to steal, Te vietim of this aberration may ‘realy, andthe object stolen may be worthless; moreover, the Kpuomaniae over has any wie for the ited inks nor any plan for Heir disposal. He just can't help taking then rie the blank ins the oe ete ce ne pe ak and then op 1 Be can orsenged on ons wie. Fe ie obs fee ey imagines he is 4 He imagiers t eave him aloe with ikon : waniac” described by each (2) monomaniac; (3) (4) megalomaniac; (5) Py> ‘ANswers: (1) dipsomani Kleptomaniae; romaniae rs your pet phobia? You havent any? Don't be 0 con ats Ys your sardedwrtle habit of ducking Yoder eee TER TTT TEER T ETT RETR T ESTEE ETTORE TOSS TES EE SESE TES SE TES ENTE TOC OETESSSTOSES TES SSTOSTIS EE TOSS TISESTIC#STOSESSSSTISOSTISESTICOSTICOSECETICOSTISECTECLETISEITO. Words for Phobias and Manias é 81 the bedclothes when the lightning crackles? Or your shud- dets when a snake crosses your path? Or possibly you edge away from the tops of tall buildings because height ‘makes you feel funny? Uf you are an average man you have, not one, but 2.21 Phobias. : If you are an average woman you have 3.55 phobias. Here is a list of the twelve most common phobias. You need not try to remember them, as they will hardly ever be useful to you unless you are a psychiatrist, in which ‘case you already know them, ? ceraunophobia morbid dread of thunder ‘astraphobia ‘morbid dread of lightning ophidiophobia morbid dread of snakes: nyctophobia morbid dread of darkness acrophobia morbid dread of heights Byrophobia ‘morbid dread of fire ‘aguaphobia morbid dread of water ailuropkobia morbid dread of cats ‘eynophobia morbid dread of dogs Agorapliobia morbid dread of open spaces ‘riskaidekophobia morbid dread of the number thirteen claustrophobia morbid dread of lose spaces ‘Three of these phobias are particularly common: 1. Claustrophobia (Klawss'-t-F0-bee-2).. The vietim feels choked by. small rooms ot crowded. or ‘confined places. If there isnot plenty of open space around him, his iscomfort is acute; he may even go into @ panic, 2. Agoraphobia’ (og’-»19-FO"-bee-0).. Contrarily, someone sufering from this problem cannot staid open spaces—very large rooms, public areas that have few people Cempty theaters, for example), ete, He finds it painful it ‘not impossible, to walk across a deserted ball field. He is tecrtied, in shor, by limitless horizons, 3. Acrophobia (ak’-ro-FO'-bee-0). The persod burs ddoned with this fear is paaic-srieken by heights. He cau. not mount higher ian the thitd or fourth step of a leddec, cannot look out of the top windows of a tall building, isSH fe eee 82 ELEVENTH DAY tervified of rapidly asconding elevators, would rather dic than take a plane trip. Vv Four more people with émotional or mental problems: 1. The hypochondriac (hy’-p0-KON'-dree-ak) contin nlly complains about imaginary ills. A heart flutter means heart failure, A headache is a brain tumor. An upset stomach indicates gastric ulcers or cancer. The ‘only real Problem is. of course, a morbid imaginat ‘The ailment: hypochondria (hy’-p0-KON’-dree-a) 2. The amnesiac (am-NEE'-z2e-ak) suffers from loss of memory. The cause is often a blow on the head or some sudden emotional shock, after which the victim's past be~ comes 2 complete blank. He cannot even recognize his family and closest friends. In time, with treatment, there is usually a recovery. ‘The ailment: amnesia (am-NEE’-zho) 3. The sommambulist (som-NAMY-bye-list) walks in his sleep. The ailment: somnambulism (sam-NAM'-byo-liz- om) 4, The insomniac (in-SOM’-nee-ak) is habitually af- ficted with wakefulness at times when be wishes to sleep. ‘The ailment: insomnia (in-SOM’-nee-0) v Who would be most likely to say the following? 1. "“What a night. I dida't sleep a wink.” 21,1 walked around the room last night? ‘Why, I was fast asleep.” 3. “Who am I? I've completely forgotten my name.” 4." don't care what the doctor says. 1 know I've got heart trouble.” Words for Phobias and Manias 83 5. “can’t live ia an apartment on the fifth floor. Isn't there anything pals vacant lower 6. “I'm getting out of here. This place is so smal think the walls ae going to ers a 7. “No thanks, I can't go fishing with you gon that enormous lake, It goes on for- ever!” fms: (1) insomnia: 2) sommambuts (3) ame neslae; (4) hypochondeacr (3) acrophobe, (6) elawstrophobe, (7) agorapieobe vi Four victims of very serious mental illness: 1. The manic-depressive (man’-ok-do-PRESS-iv) has attenatng moods of black depression and wild, uncontcol exaltation or excitability. Changes are unpredi and come without warning. nn Pesaable ‘The nests manedepeson (man-ok-do-PRESH- 2. The schizophrenic (ski’-o-FREN’-2k) isa split ariel gceettts Ge emerge ke ats ent, fives in an unreal world of his own makin ‘often inagines he is someone else. meen ad 4, ines: scophrenia (shi o-FREEN’ 30) __ 3: The melancholiac (maeY-on-KO'lee-ak) has fallen’ into a fixed condition of d oft into a fixal condition of despondeney, He often thinks of, ‘The illness: melancholia (me¥-on-KU'-lee-o) 4, The paranoiac (pair’-2-NOY'-ak) has delusions of Berseeuion He imagines that people are tying to poison he is being pursued by ene every Bm that hei being pursued by gnemis, tat everyone i The illness: paranoia (pair’--NOY'-2)et may develop either of the following w Dedipus (ED=29%) | ute Stipa mae’ oy” who hasbeen ove } burdened is the typical ELEVENTH DAY woe According to Freudian psychology, the person who hist |, grown up without suooestully |) Retatonship or to bis own pace in ‘adjusting to the parent-child in the family Constellation ‘complex. The male so protected and overbabied and prevented from maturing tonal. Unconscious), fo hay a represed desire t0 sK’-tro) complex. This is the female mother. 2. An Electra (o-L1 | version of the Oedipal probl ecording to the Freudian, i his father and marry his iem-—the girl is hostile to her | ‘mother, in love with her father. sata romania Tonia ‘recom rotanil 9 pana hapochontt a nomi : beurre | 8 era eenauepre 11, schizophrenia | 12. mrlanchotia 13. peranoia 34 Oedipus complex | 15, Elecire complex . | 16. claustrophobia Can you match the probl: vil lem area with the name of the PROBLEM AREA a. grandeur be. lines ¢, sleepwalking 4. one single obsession f. hilarity followed by gloom fire , no contact with reality Ay persecution i. attachment to mother i thiwery pen areas 1. hgh paces sm confined 09 set 2. ghee i atlachoat to father Words for Phobias and Manias 17. agoraphobia 4, overwhelming sadness 18, acrophobia T. sleeplessness avswens: (1) f. (2) 0; (3)-af (4) dy (5) js (6) bs (7) a5 (8) oF (9) 4; (40) e CD gs (12) q; (13) iy (14) i (5) Bs (16) ms 7) G8) x Write the word that fits each definition, are offered to prod your memory. Continued gloom and depression Moods of Violent excitement alter nating with black depression Loss of memory Walking and performing other sc- tions dusing sleep Uncontrollable ¢ ving for sleoholie liquor Morbid anaity about one’s health Delusions of perseeution Early and abnormal aittchment ofa girl for her father, with hostility t0 bes moter incontrofiable propensity 0 ste attics of Title value Delusions of grandeur Chronic inabiiy :o fall nsleep Obsession ina single are Unecatrollab!> need to set fires Mental decangemnent .ebazactorired by loss of eoninct with reality; split personality vm Morbid dread of confined pisces wn Morbid dread of open spaces Unresolved attachnient to. zucther With secompanying hatred of father Morbid dread of height ittal levers > Oba86 ELEVENTH DAY. (2) _ manic-depression; (3) amnesia; (4) somnambulism; (5) dip~ somania; (6) bypochondria; (7) paranoia; (8). Electra complex; (9) Kleptomanias (10) ‘megalomania; (11) insomnias (12) monomania; (13) pyromania; (14) schizo- phrenia; (15) claustrophobia; (16) agora~ Phobia; (17) Oedipus complex; (18) acro- phobia’ answers: (1) melancholia; After such a chapter as this, you may think that we are advocating the use of long and dificult words, But the words we have discussed here are the only ones that ao- urately describe the troubles and disorders that aflit many people. There are no substitutes for most of them. TBut let this rule generally hold. Never, or at least al- most never, use a Jong word where a short one. will do, Words, as you well know, are to express your thoughts, rot to conceal thes ; The greatest pocms and the greatest Speeches, whether itis Robert Burns's “My love is like a “fed, red rose” or Patrick Henry’s “Give me liberty or give the’ death” all have the power and charm of simplicity. Try to avoid the too frequent use of such Latin words as Juctaposition, animadvert, salutation, recapitulate. They tend to make your siyic heavy, dry, and pedantic. Short Saxon words have force-sift instead of donation; posrinstead of impecunious, ‘There is a simple beauty in ship, shop, walk, free, earth, mate, man, friend, The Latin snd Greek words are important to know, but should be Geed ith dieretion, and never to overwhelm a reader or Tistener. simi i and dzetness in languageate always ef Words About Your Feelings + Consider these five words: nosialgia (nos-TAL" 9) ° satiated (SAY’-shee-ay’-tad) Benevolence e=NEV o-oo) a tion (trus- TRAY" lethargy (LETH ates) Are any of these ‘stran; nt LS TAT a comte em Bera a a a TWELFTH DAY 1L. He was overcome with a wave of nostalgia whenever lhe thought of his boyhood years in Scotland. 2, The huge dinner left isim satiated. 3, That moniiing he was at peace with the world; his attitude toward all mankind was one of benevolence. 4, Alife, he claims, is frustration. The gods seem bent ‘on mischievously thwarting his hopes and plans. 5, His illness left him in a state of lethargy; all ambi tion, interest, desire were gone, ‘Take the italicized words in Section I and write éach ‘one next to its definition. é State of apathy or indifference Severe homesickness; a longing ‘for the. 2 pleasant past . Desire for the welfare of others; chazi- tableness Filled beyond natural desire; glutted Failure of inability to attain something desired 5 axswens: (1) lethargy; (2), mostalgias (3) bener- Glendey (2) satiated; (5) frustration Five more words will now be treated in the same way: “Again, ty to figure out their meesings from the context of the sentences in which they appear. enervated (EN’-or-vay’-t0d) welischmerz (VELT’-shimairtz) ennui (AHIN’-weo) ‘compunction (koa-PUNK’-shon) antipathy (an-TIP’-o-thee) Words About Your Feelings 89 4 aeolian ed 4 abe el ety ett ge ope ree seme eens De cele 4, Ra porta ai 4 eet she been so filled with ennui, e , He b ‘no compunctions about cheating his fellow- Hai 8 et ey a pl v ioeRt 204 Pt of each of our new words with ts dea « Literally, world pain; sadness from a ooniy world pilosopby ~ An instinctive teling of aversion or Self-reproach for wrongdoing; slight ie za . Deprived of physica, ner ‘tte “al, yous, and emo-, A fesing of Tstess weariness result - from satiety, boredom, ‘or inactivity a ‘ANSWERS: (1) woltschmerz; (2) antipathy; puodlions (a) tac (3) canal v Here is a third group for study in the sam Meet me ey tee way vindictive (vin-DIK’-tiv) ‘misogynist (m2-SAHU-0-nist) ‘misanthrope (MISS-on-thr3p) vicariously (vy-KAIR’-cc-0-18e)TWELFTH DAY 1. You are too supercitious; what makes you think | you're so superior? 2. Be careful not to hurt her feelings, for she'll never forgive you. You know how vindictive some women are. 3. Queer chap—TI think he's a misogyn'st, That's prob- ably why he’s never had a gir friend. 4, At heart, he's a misanthrope, No wonder he has no friends. 5, Since his accident he his been unable to take part in the sports that he used to love, Now he reads the spot page and exjyy tenn, gn, and beshll vl ‘Again, match each word to its definition. i Manner of experiencing something in- directly instead of directly .. Abhater of mankind "A hater of women “nn. Disposed to revenge; retaliatory "Lofty with pride; haughtily contemptuous (2) misanthrope; (3) mk (5) supercilious i | answers: (1) vicariously; sogynist; (4) vindictives i vit Now Jet's try a reinforcing exercise with all fifteen words. Check your response to each question. 1, When you have a feeling of leth- ‘argy, are you full of bounce, PeP, ‘and ambition? Yess NOs 2.18 nostalgia a yearning for the past? Ye. Nw Words About Your Feelings ot 3. 4 5. 6 nL 12. 13. 14, ANSWERS: (1) No Ready for more reinforcenient? Write S if words are essentially the same in meaning, O if . Ts it normal to wake up enervated . Tn Do kindly people often feel beneve lent? Yes. ‘When you haven't eaten for a long tinue, do you feel satiat-d? Yes... Is frustration an wopleasant fecl- ° ing? ‘Yes. Do pessimistic people often expe rience weltschmerz? Yes... 7. Do you feel antipathy to people you like? ‘Does a cruel and insensitive person hhave any compunction about mis- treating others? after a good night's sleop? -seoms exciting or worth- while is it justifable to experience ermal? 1s living vicariously less fulfilling ‘than direct experience? Does a misanthrope hate everyone? Yes... No, Does a misogynist enjoy the con pany of females? Does a vindictive person forgive Does a supercilious person usually feel superior to others? (2) Yes, (6). Yes; (10) Yes; (14) No; (3). Yes; (1) No; (AI) ¥es; (15) Yes (4) Ne; (8) No; G2) Yess (3) Yess (9) No; (43) Nos vit a ER more or less opposed.TWELFTH DAY lethargy energy ttostaigia homesickness penevolence wilt saviated fall 5 frustration sitifaction weltschmerz, ‘happiness, aucipathy aifection 8. compunctions scruples 9. enervated tired enn boredom vicariously actually misantirope Philanthropist misogynist ‘Don Juan widlictive forgiving superciliour humble answers: (1) 0; (2) 8; (3) 0; (4) s; (5) (6) 0; (7) 05 (8) s; (8) s; (0) (11) 9; €2)0; (3)0; (14) 0; (15) 0 a A very useful exercise, one that helps you use words ia variety of ways, requires you to experiment with dif- ferent parts of speech—noun, adjective, adverb, verb. Can ‘you make th proper charges asked for below? An il- iusteative phrase or sentence and, where possible, an anaicay are offered to help you 1. Change lrharey to an active to ft into the fle lowing phease: A attitude, (neuralgia —neuralgic 2. Nostalgia to an adjective: A _ (Claustrophobia— claustrophobic) 3. Benevolence to an adverb: He beamed Cimgotence—-impotently) 4, Satiated 10 & negative adjective ending’ in -ble: B50 reader: (estimated inestimabie) feeling. WYords About Your Feelings 93 va ‘5: Satiated to a nova ending in -iy: Pve had a... of motion pictures. (amxious—anxiety) 6. Frustration to a verb: Why do you try to me? Cappreciation—appreciate) 7. Antipdthy to an adjective: Tam .. ‘such ideas. (sympathy—sympathetic) 8. Bnervated to a noun: The cause of his (saturated —vaturation) 9. Vieariously to an adjective: A thrill, (amously—famous) 10, Misanthrope to another noun denoting the person: Heis 7 (ends in “ist UL, Misantrope to a noun denoting the philosophy: What is the cause of his. a + @hilanthropist—phitanthrory) 12 Misornist to a non denoting th philosophy: What isthe cause Of Bi soon z (botanist—botany) 13. Vindictive to a nown: I dislike hie mainly for bis (active—activeness) 14, Supercilious to 2 noun? YUE wrens Will make you lose many friends. ‘fastidious—fastidiousness) 7 ANSWERS: (1) lethargic (Io-THAHR jk); (2) nostalgic (no-STAL‘jik;, (3), benevolently (bo-NEV- slontlec); (4) insatiable Gin SAY’-sheo-o- bal); (5) satiety (so-TY'-o-tee); (6) frus- trate (FRUSS-rate); (7) amtipathetic (an’- ee-po-THET-ik); (8) enervation (an’-2r- VAY'-shon); (9) viearious (vy-KAIR’-ce 28); (10) misanthropist.(m0-SALof TWELFTH DAY (11) misanthropy (me-SAN’-thro-pee); 2) misogyny (moSAHI-a-nee); (13) vind so eae Dikeavencn)s C18) perctions ness (s50'-par-SIL!-ot-06-noss) x Now let's sock it home. Uf all-your work with, and ex- posure to, the words in this chapter have finally made you ‘aster of them, you will be able, without doubt or hesita- tion, to match the statement of feeling to each noun below. Nouns STATEMENT OF FEELING . lethargy a. “Tean't do it!” nostalgia . You do it, Pl watch.” benevolence ¢. “Allis boredom.” satiety 4. “Thate everyone!” 5 frustration @. i'm exhausted, worn out.” Yelischmerz £. “Thate women!” . antipathy g. “I wish I were home.” compunction hs “Lcan't stand it!” 9. ennui i “Til geteven!” 10. enervation i. "I can't move, can't re- spond.” . vicarioisness "_k, “You're dirt!” rmisanihropy I. “The world is a sad place.” | misogyny ~ mi. “No more, please.” vindictiveness n, “Td bettr not.” 15, superciliousness 0, “I wish the best for yo answers: (1) js (2) gs (3) 03 (4) ms (5) (6) (7) Bs. (8) my (9) @ (10) oF 2. G1) b; 2) 4; 13) 04) § 5) Compectly, richly, effectively—and as'no others can— these words express’ deep, living, glowing ideas. Without them you might have to fumble to express what you ‘mean, “Words About Your Feelings 95 Once you know the exact word, your ideas come across in simple and immediately understandable clarity. With a well-stocked arsenal of words at your command, you can become a more powerful, more influential thinker, writer, and speaker, Ne eee eeeSea eae SSeS TEESE, SEES tet em TET ‘Traveling at the rate of 186,000 miles @ second, a ray of light started toward the earth with the message that a star had, exploded somewhere in space, ‘Thirteen centuries passed by before it arrived. Goethe, Shakespeare, Galileo, and. King Arthur's Court ell came and went. Napoleon strode over Burope like a colossus, Jost his kiagdom and died. America was discovered. Great wars began and ceased and began again, while this glimmer of light was, racing on to tell our astronomers of a world-shaking catas- ‘tiophe that had happened in the constellation of Hercules. Thia message was read and understood. And that is the ‘triumph of the mind of man. His intellect ean weigh the sun and measure the heat from the farthest star. His eyes can see a billion miles into space and they can aiso explore the infinitesimal world of electrons. Man has struggled for his knowledge of medicine and archaeology and geology and the multitude of sciences. We, by the’ miracle of words, can open some. of these 96 Words That End in“Ology” 97 doors, and if they are so much as barely open, we may be ‘tempted to walk in, t ‘The Fields of Human Knowledge 1, Anthropology (ant-thr-POL/-2-je0). This word we have had before and you will recognize it as “the science of mankind” in general, his habits, history, distribution, culture. 2., Geology (jee-OL'-o-fee). The meaning of this word is erystal clear when we know that the “geo” comes from the Greek geos, “earth,” plus logos, “study” or “science.” Geology: then, is the science of the structire, forces, and Eistory of that whirling planet we call earth, 3. Archaeology (alw-kee-OL/-o-jec). This is the sci- ‘ence of antiquities. It deals with the old records that man Jeaves in such forms as buildings and pottery. and in tho Physical remains of his industries. The Key to the language of the Aztecs of ancient Mexico, for example, has not ‘been fully discovered, but archaeologists can learn much Of the story of these’ people from tho ruins they left. (Groek archaios, “ancient,” and therefore “the study of ancient things.”) 4. Embryology (em’-bree-OL/->-je): Ta the early stages of pre-natal development, the unborn child is called an embryo. Once more the Greeks have helped us, for et in their language means “in,” and bryein, “swell”; 0, literally. the word means “t5' swell inside,” wHfich is just ‘what happens in pregnancy. An embryolovst, then, deals with the beginnings of life. 5. Entomology (en’-ta-MOL!-s-jee).. When you know that, entomon is Grock for “inscct,” the rest is easy to guess, ‘The entomologists have given’ us a wealth of ‘knowledge. about the liome life, sex habits, and social astoms of bees, ants, butte, and other imembers of the species,8 THIRTEENTH DAY 6. Ethnology (eth-NOL'-jee). White men, brown ‘men, black men, yellow men, What is their history? Where did they come irom? Where do they live? How do they differ in mind, culture, characteristics? These are problems {for the ethnologist to solve. From Greek, ethnos, “race.” 7. Etymology (et’-2-MOL-o-jee); You will recall that this is the study of the history and origin of words. 8. Ornithology (awr’-na-THOL’-9-jee). If you are told that ornis-is Greck for “bird,” you can find your own ‘meaning. The lives and habits of eagles and whippoorwills, tanagers and sparrows, hawks and seagulls—all such are the province of the ornithologist. ‘9. Philology (f-LOL'-o-jee), This word we are al- ready familiar with. The phlologist covers the entire field fof words and language, the whole area of linguistics. 10. Piychology (sy-KOL’-0-jee). Once more let's leat over the pages of our Greek lexicon, and we find psyche, “oul,” “mind.” So the psychologist is a student of, and an authority on, the human mind, and human behavior in all, of its aspects, : vs Roview Your Léarning ‘Flere are'the ten fields of human knowledge once again, in simple chart fo.m, with th scientist in parentheses next to each one. Can-you review in your mind the arca of in~ terest of cach scientist in preparation for a’ reinforcing test? ‘THE’ AREA rae FIELD anthropology (anthropcloeist) geology (geologist) archaeology (archaeologist) ~ . embryology (embryologist) ‘entomology (entomologist) ethnology (ethnologist) . etymology -KLASS’tik) critic camps at such institutions as goverament, marriage, aad religion. 15. The. misanthropic (miss-on-THROP"ik) cynic hates the world and everybody in it. : 16. The pucrile (PYO-orl) “practical joker may have grown up physically, but is stil a child emotionslly. snag Te Mee (ESEP-HO person lives in a hot and 1 - These words have been used in sentences’ that aim ot pring you enough of 2 else to spark your interest fx fguring out the possible meanings. How raocessfully can you find the italicized word in Section ¥ shat best fits cach of the following definitions? 1, Complotely selt-satistied; sag 2. Smooth and pleasant in manaer bland; ‘gracious; smootily Sagratiating ‘mind so finally made up that neither hell nor high water «——————eEEO ee ge ee aa FOURTEENTH DAY 3, By temperament, not easily perturbed; Words for Human Traits ag! calm; emotionally slugsish or uare- sponsiv’ 4, One who assails or mocks traditional fo cherished beliefs 5. Simple; credulows; easly deceived Our theory throughout this book, as you have no doubt already observed, is that the best way io learn new words 6. Marked by assumed self-importance; effectively is the way that everyone, from infancy ou, Pretentious 7 Tears them—namely, by gradual, step-by-step increasin, 7, Appreciating or loving the beautiful; Gt undersandag 1 te Sepeated cone oth © need Se artistic | = ‘many different contexis that finally makes you 0 familiat 8. Characteristic of childhood; javentley and comfortable with it that you eventually feel #t was. al- immature and silly or tial ‘ways in your vocabulary. Jt i at this point that you bogin 9. Very Teacned; scholarly using the word ia your thinking, speaking, and writing— 10. Practicing extreme abstinence; austere and you do so unselfconscicusly, without effort, and 9 and rigorous in self-denial or self-dis- ‘expectedly that sometimes you even surprise yoursei cipline : ‘You have now had two exposures to the seventeen ‘words that comprise this chapter-—once in a sentence, once {in maiching them to their definitions, Here is your thicd exposure: a series of phrases, each of which should pro- duce a flash of recognition in you that helps you react with , one of the seventeen words. Do not look back as you do this exercise—the initial letler of the word is a sufficicat prod to your power to recall. Several of the adjectives will be required more than once. Jn this exercise you should begin to feel the first surges 11, Bree aati 12, Habitually silent or unwilling to engage in ‘conversation Unlisted to on’ own opinions 8. Sonne in holding onto el 14, Not exhausted by labor or éxercise; Te ve ting 15. Hating anki 16. Very exact or scrupulous jim the ob- ‘of power and self-confidence as you zip through, writing servance of. forms of ctiquette, cere with ee ae So ane setreeutk tet > 17, Utterly lacking in. sparkle, favor, or 2 Practicing self deri : lm 7 acticing self-denial A interest; empty end flat ae p ee ‘to conversation. is a Jacont; (2) suave,’ (3) phlegmat }. Having an antipathy for mankind M aussi (1) complacnt, | (2) mney” (3, Seeoes 5. Easily duped cs. porpooss (8) _puerile; + (9) » & a + Erralte; (£0) ascetic; (11). loquacious; | 7. Scholarly ie (1) acim; | (13) opinionated: (4) ine ene ee ; (1S) misanthropic; une ‘ ei 7 m8 " F aetatiaable 1 Con . 10. Ostentatiously seli-important Pp Wk v EB. 12, Responsive to beautya ae, 108 FOURTEENTH DAY 13, Descriptive of the attitude of one ‘who attacks cherished beliefs as shams 14, Childish * 15. Polished in manner 16. Stubbornly set in opinions 17, Selt-satistied 18, Attacking established traditions 19, Having an aversion for the human race 20. Tireless : 24. Urbanely smooth and ingratiating 22. Contented with oneself and: with things as they are eu. axsiens: (1) phlegmatio; (2) ascetic; (3) taciturn; (4) misanthropic; (5) gullible; (6) va (7) erudite; (8) loquacious; (9). punctili- ‘ous; (10) pompous; (11) vapid; (12) esthetic; (13) iconoclastic; (14) " puerile; (15) suave; (16) opinionated; (17). come placent; (18) . jconoclasm; (19) -‘misan- thropic; (20) indefatigable; (21) _ suave; (22) complacent v ‘New test your increasing understanding of these seven- teen words by marking each of the following statements sus” or “false 1, Talkative women are called, lo- quacious. True... False ) 2..Country ‘yokels are as a rule ouave Th Fal 3. The stercotype of the truckdriv- cer is usually esthetic. True... False. 4, Enthusiastic people are usually ‘aciturr. T Words for Human Traits ae 5. The more impartial a man is, the more opinionated he sounds. True... False. 6. Phlegmatic people usually be- cqme panicky in an emergency. Troe..... False, 7. Pomposity is usually amusing. ‘True... False 8. Colloge professors are often eru- dite, Tree... False. r, Samia. people are never com- Placent. : True... False 10. Punctitious people are stickiers for form. Trae... Fals0.ni LL. The beaver is an indefatigable worker. Ttn. False. 12. The conversation of a conceited bore is usually vapid, Troe... False. 13. The attitude of young people is ° usually iconoclastic, ‘Truc... False, 14, Misanthropic remarks show a feeling of love and trust for People. True...... False... 15. Puerile behavior indicates ma- ‘rity. ‘True... Falso, 16. An ascetic existence is given over to sensual True... Fals0...n 17. A young child is apt to be gul- ible, True, = aniswrins: (1) true; (2)-false; (3) false; -(4) falsos (5) false; (6) false; (7) trues" (8) trues (9) false; (10) true; (11) true; (12) true; (13) true; (14) false; (15) false; U6) false; (17) true Continuing your gradual reinforcement of i ‘through stimulus and response, try a different type ofSerEEEseesESEEssESeESEcEEsetSaESEsStSSEStTseTSSETRSTESETSSETESEESSESTTSETSRESESTTSETSSETESEEESECTTSESEEESEGTTSeTSNETES STOUT: ESEEESESTTSETSEETESEEESRSEETESEEESESTTSETSSETESERSETSSETISEESSESTTSRTSNETRETTSETSSETISETESERITSETSRESERIISETSSETISTETTTSTER 108 FOURTEENTH DAY test. Check the word or phrase that best completes each sentence. L Loquacity is an inordinate amount of: a. singidg : », attention to details «. talking . Gullible people fall easy prey to: a. doctors . used-car salesmen c, teachers . Suave men are experts at: ‘2. home repait ®, surfing getting along with women Pomposity probably comes from: a. fear ». obesity c. vanity 5. Most likely to be esthetic is ant a. electrician, b. aviator ce Taciturnity would likely be found ‘a. salesmen b. public speakers c. hermits 1. Opinionated assertions may likely lead to: a. marriage b. arguments ©. truth A phlegmiatic person: sheds tears at an emotional play b. becomes hysterical in a crisis . does not become easily emotional ). Erudite men are most interested in: a. scholarly books b. light fiction ¢. the comics Words for Human Traits 309 10, People who are complacent about their jobs will: a take it easy '. worry about their future ¢. keep an eye on the help-wanted ads 11, A punctilious person is a stickler for: a. originality ». courage ©. proper etiquette 12, To be indefatigable, one usually needs a great amount of: a. money . energy. ©. education 13. Vapi people are: a. boring '. successful ©. quarrelsome 14, Iconoclasts are opposed to: ‘a. change b..tradition © reform 15. A misanthrope dislikes: ‘people 1. good food ¢. literature 16. Men are most likely to be puerile when: a. they don't get their own way b. they are reading. . they are eating . 17. Most ascetics prefer to: a. drink excessively ». eat sparingly ©: participate in orgies ANSWERS: (1) ©; (2) (4) (5) ¢ (6) 1) b; (@) a co} = a (11) 3 (12) by (13)' as (14) (15) a (16) ay (17) b10, FOURTEENTH DAY wl Ready for a final, and considerably harder, challenge? Write the adjective we have studied that is essentially op- posed in meaning to each of the following words ot phrases. Do you now fee] suficiently self-confident not to Took back at previous pages as you search your mind for the answers? 1. tacitura 2. easily swayed to change one's mind 3. ignorant 4 philanthropic 5, blind to beauty 6 lazy 7, dissatisfied 8. conservative 9 mature 10. careless of etiquette; informal 11. voluptuous; pleasure-loving 12. boorish 13, modes, bumble 14, loquacious 15. highs 16, Skeptical 17, clover and interesting answers: (1) loquacious; (2) opinionated; (3) era dite! (4) misanthropic; (5) esthetic; (6) indefatigable: (7) complacent; (8) ‘icouo- clastic; (9) puerile; (10) _ punetiious; (11) ascetics (12) suave; (13) pompous; , G4) taciturn; (15) phlegmatio; (16), gue > Bibles (17) vapid ‘Words for Human Traits aa vil ‘There are interesting etymologies behind many of the ‘words in this chapter. ° Suave: Latin suavis, “sweet” of “smooth.” Teonoclastic:. Greek eikon, “idol”; Klaein, “to break.” ‘An iconoclast, thea, is a breaker of idols, or, in the modern sense, a breaker of traditions, Pompous: Latin pompa, “parade” or “solemn proces- sion. Esthetic: Greek aisthetikos, “pezceptive,” became’ se~ fined in our language until it referred to the finer frclings -and perceptions inthe field of art and culture. Puerile: Latin puer, “boy.” When a man is puerile he is acting like an ungrown boy. ‘Ascetic: Greek asketikos, “seli-denying or self-disci- plined for purposes of gymnastic excellence.” Eventually, ‘our English word took on a more general, all-inclusive meaning ‘Loquactous: Latin loquor, “speak.” Eloquent and col- Joguial come from the Kemie r00t, Taciturn: Latin tacere, “bo silent.” Opinionated: Latia opinio, “thought” or “opinion.” Opinionated came to mean too well provided with opin- ions, and, finally, stubborn or set in ofinions: Indefatigable; Latin in, “not,” and defatigare, “to tire out.” Punctilious: Latin punctum, “point.” Punetiliow is used in our language to refer to someone who is very at- tentive to fine points. Punctual and puncture derive from the same root, Vapid: Latiti vapidus, “favorless”—and vapidus itself is from Latin vappa, a wise that bes lost its life or savor. SESE SEE Ser ee Eee EC EEE SEE SEE EEE SEE STETCEE ESTE CTET STE ETET CTE EECENE CONE CTS SCOTT STSECTE NESTS ECEITCEITCT#T COMBE STISETITTITTITSTITS TIS TSTITS TITS TITSTIIS TIES TIES TITS TITSTITe CIT TiECHBESTITSTITSTHss Tiss tis tiestiistitstiiettisttisttWords jor Human Faults Have you ever met the carefree young bachelor whose life seems to be one peccadillo after anothier? Does such a one have to bo a man of some wealth, or can-he follow his manner of life in the midst of penury? Do his successes with the opposite sex tend to give him a touch of megalo- iania? His life is certainly an interesting one: that is, if you consider that one imbroglio after another makes for interest, Tust listen to him tal, His braggadocio may en- tertain his younger acquaintances, but it certainly becomes tiresome to his older friends. Proonnce each word carefully: 5 1. peceadilla (pek’-o-DIL/-B) 2: penury (PEN’-yo-ree) 3, megalomania (meg’-0-lMAY'-nee-0) 4. imbroglio (im-BRO'-ly0) 5. brageadocio (brag’-o-DU-shee-D) oO EEO eee Words jor Human Faults 1g. From an analysis ofthe paragraph above can you match each word to its definition? 1. A complicated and embarrassing situation 2. A slight sin 3. Empty boasting 4. Abject poverty 5. Grandiose delusions of one’s own impor- tance ANSWERS: (1) imbroglios- (2) pecéadillo; (3) bragga- docio; (4) penury; - (5) megalomania ‘What kind of person are you? Do you think money is a panacea? Do you feel your life has been a fiasco? What are some of your idiosyncrasies? Do you tend to rationalize rather than face the truth? Are there anomalies in your life that you would like to see removed? The answers to these questions may reveal a number of interesting things about your character. Vv 1. panacea (pan’-o-SEE-2) 2. fiasco (fee-ASS’-KB) é 3. idiosyncrasy ({d’-e0-0-SIN’-kro-see) 4. rationalize (RASHY-2-no-lize’) 5. anomaly (s-NOM'-o-lee) v 1, Something that is irregular or isiconsistent 2. A cure for ail illsTTUE————————————————————— ———————————— ne 4 FIFTEENTH DAY 3. A miserable and ridiculods failure i 4, To react unconsciously with a worthy motive for a discreditable act 5. A characteristic peculiarity ‘answers: (1) anomaly; (2) panacea; (3) fiasco; (4) rationalize; (5) idiosyacrasy vw Do you by chance have a neurotic friend who is so lazy that he tends to malinger? Or one who belongs to the élite ‘and looks down his social nose at the parvenus? The con- Yersation of such a person is apt to be banal, certainly not | gs interesting as that of the intelligentsia. Or have you | ever heen up against a politician who resorts to jingoism | and cflcanery because he cennot gain his end by honest means? vit 1. malinger (mo-LING’-gor) 2. élite (ay’-LEET’} 3. parvenu (PAR’-vo-n00) 4: 4, fingoism (SING'-s6-2-0m) 5, imeligentsia (in-oU’->JEN'-see-0) 6 anery (sho-KAY’-n0-ree) | 1, banal (BAY'-nal) | vit +4. ‘The best or most capable pari of any 2 Be anon vty. ee | + Grebe tos een ety b |g Renita kena Words for Human Faults ae 4. Favoring a warlike foreign policy 5. The intelligent and educated classes 6. Mean, petty trickery 7, Commonplace; without sparkle ox origi nality ANswaRs: (1) élite; (2) parvenu; (3) malinger; (4) ht GS) intelligentsia; (6) chicanery: x You have had your frst involvement with seveoteen new words, Remember, your aim is to become more and ‘more comfortable with new words by meeting them in dif- ferent stuatons, working with them in diferent ways. So sow let's try this: Review the preceding pages of this chapter, pronouncing the seventzen words. aloud often enough to fect quite at home’ with them. Then, without farther reference, write each ono next to the phrase below. _ that is closest in meaning to it: The intial leter is offered . Extreme poverty or want 2. The best 3. & compete or humiliating fitore 5. To feign illness ia order to escape works 6. To find a worthier motive for 7, deviation from type an iol 8. Remedy for all diseases 9. A bellicose foreign policy 10. Educated and intelleetuél people LL. Ordinary: dat 12. Delusions of grandeur 13, Preteatious boasting 14. A stight or teifting sin OREM OWS IRE Ome16 15, A confused and complicated situa- tion 16. A characteristic peculiarity 17, A nouveau riche; a newly person answers: (1) penurys chicanerys (7) anomaly; (8) (10) intelli alomania; igentsia; (13). bragi illo; (15) imbrogtio; (17) parvena nearly the same oF oPP. 1. peccadillo 2. penury rmegaiomania imbroglio braggadocio panacea 1 fiasco 8. idiosyncrasy 9, rationalize 10, anomaly 11, malinger 12, élite 13, parvens (14, fingoism 15, infolligentsia 16, chicanery - 17. banat (2) lites (5), malingers ‘panacea; FIFTEENTH DAY I I= wealthy P (3), fiasco; (4) Same: it ‘Same...... Opposite. Same... Opposite... (6) rationalize: (9) jingcism; (1) banal; (12) meg- gadocio; (14) pesca (16) idiosynerasys Words for Human Faults az answers: (1) same; (2) opposit (3) opposite; (4) same; (5) same; (6) same; (7) op- posite; (8) same; (9) same; (10) same; (11) same; (12) opposite; (13). samei (14) opposite; (15) opposite; (16) oppor 5 (17) opposite : xt Note how other people have used some of these words: 1. As Professor Owen has remarked, there is no greater ‘anomaly in nature than a bird that, cannot fly. : \, (DARWIN) 2. Owing to the disunion of the Fenians themselves, the rigor of the administration, and the treachery of in- formers, the (Irish) rebellion was a fiasco. (The Encyclopedia Britannica) * 3 Idiosyncrasies. are, however, frequent; thus we find that one -person. has an exceptional memory for sounds, another for colors, another for forms. (The Encyclopedia Britannica) 4, The ‘chemists pretended it was ‘the philosopher's stone, the physicians that it was an infallible pana- cca. : (Waantox) 5. The Koran attaches much importéncé to prayer—a fact which is somewhat anomalous in a system of religion so essentially fatalistic. (SPENCER) 6. Men who by legal chicanery cheat others out of their property. (Srencer) 7. Who doesn't forgive? The virtuous Mrs. Grundy. She reniembers her neighbors’ peccadilloes to the third and fourth generations. (THACKERAY) 8. have always observed through life that’ your par venu it is who stickles for what he calls the genteel, ‘and has the most squeamish abherrence for what'is frank and natural, (THACKERAY)Lees saa ee s FiPTEENTH DAY a 9, Tow ebb.with his accusers when soc pecadiloes © as these are PUL 0 we ee oF ATTEREURY) xil is book. ‘You are now halfway through this making x Do you feel you are Bow you Wt ie Oe as may est speed of achievement. abitious: “ry eying ox 2 simple, ty aeady done £0 Blan fo Your of cane cach day fortis work wil be help- 3 eRe Say xa ai] SG) 9] [18 20 You Help to Create the American Language We have now come to an interval, a halfviay mark, in our sonsideration of words. 7 We can take a litle time out to discuss’ the matter of who owns this language that we have been sting Well, you own it. And you. And you, The English language belongs to you. You miedo it. You are making it every. day. You have invented upward of 600000 acabie English words,,minus thove that have boon taketh over from other languages. But even these you. You have devised tie acer spellin Words. You ave detcrmized their pronunciations, To Englich we are dealing with ‘mt inexoce att. not ay exact science. Even the mistakes of English are hamon, Some of cur fantastic epellings in this brouk they yom bold in your hand sve due merely to the extors of ignorant type- setlers who Eved centuries ago, We have meiely peeserved 9SIXTEENTH DAY gs. Pronunciations and meast- words?” this editor would answer, “You do,” meaning, of Y on ny ‘millions of “you” wito use our language. Sie Sgrenaienas gus so ened ‘of you thought up the word telecast as a paralle ta Fea te ea be ‘half from the Greek tele, savy,” a he ane, ars beth retc cits naire bem rent coin of their conversation. 45 aia voi. sion—that is, by usage—o} wie nie tes Leake ‘and coarse words become respectable. og states owe ‘Slang, for instance, is x good exampl ‘onthe part of rr Gur language was once the slang ofthe gent a eA ee eo cee ne et hat ee I eed agaa bt te by ile com: Be ‘usage made many of these words 50, respectable is: {he scholae ‘were willing to use them and were for jnchude them in the dictionaries. Dean tt oa “around 230 years ago, for example, an fo Eat s ine o ss ee ea ‘You Help fo Create the American Language wet recite a fei more that were onve slang: gin, boycott cab, ‘greenhorn, hoax, jingoist. You see, the masses kept on asing those words until they had to, be included in, our leticons, And converssly, when these’ or any other words such 36 those that are included in this volume stop being commonly wsed, they ‘will die and drop out of our dictionary. You will determine this, and our lexicographers will have nothing to do with it. ‘Now by just what methods did such words, for instance, as you have been working with in this book’ ever get into the dictionary? This is the way. The technique may be interesting to you. Somebody writes in and asks the dictionary publisher sbout an apparently new word, or a stalf reader discovers it among the Niagara of words pouring out from the presses of the world, So they first check it to find if it really 4s new. They look for it in all the standard English refer- ‘ence works that have come out during the last two, cen~ tries, If they don’t find it there, and since it might be foreign, they leaf through glossaries ‘of Sanskrit, Maori, ‘Honsa, Urdu, Hebrew, Afrikaans, and all the languages, ancient and modern, that were spawned by the Tower of Babel. If it stil evades them, they take 8 look at the trade ‘and professional dictionaries, say those of Ince-making, politics, petroleum, draperies, botany, and others too nu- ‘merous to count. By this time it’s a foxy word that's going to foo! them! If the term proves itself as new, they put it on file for about five years. ‘Now hw docs it get in? ‘They watch its use by the people during the proba- tionary period. Authors mey take it up, Inquities may come to the office about its meaning. At the end of the interval the record of the neophyte is added up, and if its |. score shows a sufficient popular demand, the word goes in the dictionary. Thus and no otherwise, Now, how is it defined? To be concrete, how were the NEEaa SIXTEENTH DAY definitions of the words in the Inst chapter originally deter~ ‘mined wpan? ks the researchers watch a new word in use they COPY the acwal sentences in which the word appears, When & Gea distinary editor nally ts down to make

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