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Integral
2.1
f (x) dx = F (x) + C.
39
40
2. INTEGRAL
dx
2
(a) x dx
(b)
(c) 5x dx
x
(d)
dx
.
4
x
Rje
senje.
x3
+C
3
(a)
x2 dx =
(b)
dx
= ln |x| + C
x
(c)
5x dx =
(d)
dx
=
4
x
5x
+C
ln 5
1
4 3
x 4 dx = x 4 + C
3
Primjer.
dx
=
= arctg x =
1 + x2
4
4
2
1
41
2. INTEGRAL
(a)
(4 sin x 3 cos x) dx
(b)
dx
ch x + sh x
(c)
8
1
x4 4x3 + 2 3 x
.
5
x4
Rje
senje.
1 cos 2x
(4 sin x 3 cos x) dx =
(7 sin x 3) dx =
7
3 dx
2
0
0
0
2
2
1
7
7 sin 2x 2
1
7
2
=
dx
cos 2x dx = 12 x
= ( 0) (0 0) = .
2 0
2 0
2
2 0
2 2
2
4
0
1
1
1
(ch x sh x)(ch x + sh x)
dx
=
dx =
(ch x sh x) dx
(b)
ch x + sh x
0
0
0 ch x + sh x
1
1
=
ex dx = ex = 1 e1 .
(a)
8 4
2
1
3
7
16
x 4x3 + 2x 3
x4 4x3 + 2 3 x
dx =
(c)
dx =
(x 5 4x 5 + 2x 15 ) dx =
4
5
4
x5
1
1
1
x 5 16 8
21 8
15 8 8
115
5
14395
x 5 4 x 5 + 2 x 15 = =
+
2 .
21
16
8
42
1
1
1
21 2 5
(a)
tg x dx
(b)
tg x dx
(c)
x
dx
x2 + 1
(d)
x{x} dx.
Rje
senje.
(a)
tg x dx =
sin2 x
dx =
cos2 x
1 cos2 x
dx =
cos2 x
1
dx
cos2 x
dx = tg xx+C.
4
tg x dx = (pogadamo primitivnu funkciju) = ln(cos x) = (ln(cos )
4
0
0
1
1
ln(cos 0)) = (ln ln 1) = ln 2.
2
2
1
1 1
1
x
2
primitivnu
funkciju)
=
dx
=
(pogadamo
ln(x
+
1)
(c)
= (ln 2 ln 1) =
2 +1
x
2
2
0
0
1
ln 2.
2
(b)
42
(d)
2. INTEGRAL
x{x} dx =
x(x x) dx =
x(x x) dx +
x(x x) dx +
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
0
x(xx) dx+ x(xx) dx =
(2)(x+2) dx+
(1)(x+1) dx+
1
2
1
0 1
2
1 x2
0
2
x2
x2
0x dx+
1(x1) dx = 2( +2x) ( +x) +( x) = = 1.
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
1
2.1.1
Integralne sume
ba
n
te xi := a + ih,
za 0 i n.
i=1
ba
f (n,i).
f (n,i ) =
n i=1
f (x) dx.
(2.1)
(b) lim
Izracunajte limese:
1
1
1
+
+ ...+
n+1 n+2
2n
1
4n2 12
1
4n2 22
+ ...+
1
4n2 n2
43
2. INTEGRAL
Rje
senje.
(a) Najprije primijetimo da je
1
1
1
1
+
++
=
Sn :=
n+1 n+2
2n
n
1
1+
1
+
1+
1
n
2
n
1
++
1+
n
n
1
2
n
< x2 := < < xn := = 1
n
n
n
1
1
1
+
++
n+1 n+2
2n
= lim Sn =
n
1
dx
= ln(1 + x) = ln 2.
1+x
0
Sn :=
1
4n2 12
++
1
4n2 n2
1
1
1
.
++
n
4 ( nn )2
4 ( 1 )2
n
2
n
1
< x2 := < < xn := = 1
n
n
n
lim
1
4n2 12
++
1
4n2 n2
= lim Sn =
n
1
0
x 1
dx
= arcsin = .
2 0
6
4 x2
44
2. INTEGRAL
Zadaci za vje
zbu
2.5 Izracunajte integrale:
2
x +2
dx
(b) (2x + 5x )2 dx
(a)
2
x +1
(c)
1 sin 2x dx
(d)
dx
.
1 + sin x
(a)
(1 +
2x +
x) dx
(b)
1+ x
dx
x2
(c)
1/ 2
n
n
+ ...+
(a) lim
n (n + 1)2
(2n)2
1/
2
100
(d) xx dx.
dx
1 x2
1 + 2 + . . . + n
, za 0
n
n+1
(b) lim
1
2
2n 1
+ 2 ...+
2
n
n
n2
(b) lim
1
1
1
+
+ ...+
2
2
2
2
2
2n + n 1
2n + 2n 2
2n + n n n2
(b) lim
(1 +
k=1
2 22
n n2
1 122
) n (1 + ) n2 (1 + ) n2
n
n
n
n
k 2 + 4kn + 5n2
2.10 Izracunajte
1
0
ex dx