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Se
Re
vt Cm lation Aerepy *
wa Andysis F conktartal shelf gy hoe merase Aaeanartihy
slendy 5 i .
oe idols SARE” Cnesy, Cpe ode, ator
Prrecion y Soom $i Mente
A abo ava lath athe ox A TH
ce condo shah.fi
—3 Trenches » .
Wot bch trenches , dacowe no Cnvergenca. -
Orly ome. cred
hI Puerbo Rico Theat
ae
NA Hnbie ridge
a High beigld-ab video
a
S AHenbic ridge —
~Avg: haght of ihe. I bene Tor M-Atborhe
eBih exest “godle sope
Crean Hom > rapediy of, wate ramen
Nasouncacs,
Crdaubandons ts
biedotnuily, Mepe vi owe © Bohog grow
Veg ore_ lupin Oceans
“Iderda _ (W be S)
Socobra = => Yorn a dw sen
mis wd’ - ee exsint es
Diego ear’ ee “
ably Or user, eld lsikOS
mc dn be se Lana. Medapocet ean)
Sk Pan,
trata
ghd * Stele
Manricbos
Eduard ȣ Aria .
Usadly, No brew ocaan > UE.
© [nda ovann —> France «
ig
Secotra ~Chegos nde
Chogs ridge. 3 (whiin alebiabe )-
Saych alles nde -
Chagos ~ Se Pal ridge.
Ninery east RIDAE > wikovation é Hameeges rte
Trach > tee rh (Vwdonesin)
Toner Sees lot
Macs
oe ai fy Sook 2 Golf pasts
Sala +b sAhia® hele width Morena, «
an fen, tay # feral 3 laboatd sk
o
Lonely ten LEaih branch (orwh onl}
fez Consergerttws No sea wrk AIIPS - @
ms aval rach > Ardaman Li Wiccen «3 lnleadacee
ws “ shores rads meal’ =
Ns Frachina. ee ‘
a
w
So, mre islerda Je ext coast -
«No clastfiahe. of NW L-S- Indtam Ocean 7 be coun
tiehndiin mean lapdlocked - Orly -cnaidsy Ghédin ocman,
Cid 4 hE, in any & Hel)
row graph (Indien octen ) 5 fuga aed
2 bamien
LAL See
ask: pol re,
so hkian foe Ae rt)
argh sex camemed do Pace L AMertic
1k a edd dmin By ot Borgal 4efntbian som
Diswe, Leos.
J: Oman baw 2+ Arabian hes 2-Semali boo
a Menribing basin S+ Mesarona bain 6: Agulhre fatal haan.& Ses tems
rs
gel phones
Mathasin th a (1706)
walthin > Bibish ecomict ‘Porvrsnen” B98.
Te pov of the eonh te proce soln
i fe bs thn peven of * He prnttn grat.
@ > world populition grovires mr DGeamdvc. progression (oF
ith mebic proprassion/ we)
Avithrdlic pegnnolne
Food Production gravity >
@-2 bey 2d yr, population doubles . HL,
7S,
Reasons for pepaltien groutth
> Wojid Pousain
0
‘) Sexuol passion .
Pally cabs an Yo sachin ba popsletinn «
Passsion oe sox —ramly marry mare reproduchiva porivel
v
rrve cildion
¥
ayde. .
Praileble srbsislence —> Fadl Oral seb agile ay etl
a oer poeatits
foci ba ne me)
re. chil en
rami yor ooo substhng
Gy Whe wa. mo Wor aptly prevnie. deck, “Poe
will shot tp opese~-
the postbver dedsProvenbve. hecley 5 mol radbrainct, @
<> Ne aay ED rmanndage 5 sonud wrlhag al ro
Positive — checks seh Lumina, comeablin er cacuces
ot vid
Fred crisis was, rime
Grbicim _
1) Wo vision exbaub- conbracapbve messunes bey
technological —advancemost-.
2) Religion m pate —y Ring 4 onthe. he coat
nb edwoite: contraception
3) bay That tho poplitin’ dalle nn 25 yrs
ts arbitra.
A) Sexisl dea Dusne br Sex ie a bidlgick phonoremn,
vibwrcas diosire. fr chien social —fhencmeren
He. faila be chichrpuith there over 3
s) This tary i NOT universally — applicable
5 canbe aptlic x Arabia, thre raligion domvaty) _
6) He condo mot envisage ‘Ba. Gul syndoome. (almost all fmiin ail hove. poumy
in Gulf nudes aap. Malabar a)
> Malabar “> Malina. (Mop Malone)
5 Bemdifil, bowen Caner im vi llaza)
we Ayervedic rice Cathe thal purse Vaidya doe)
thigh wwempbynent -
> Highest cmcamplion if alee -
a
ekeolagch onaxs Periyar, vasowe, Aramlai, Wyre,
. Wem banodh .
> Dance Kadhabali, Mohinigartar «
= Mastial ad: > Kalai.
3 SWe Menscon a enact Ibion matlond (ine. Perc
v
keuls .
+ Hany rab
sTropical fresls >.Religion > Major by Hida [ot of Muslane Christions
Macks 3 Nekerale (Malabar)
Ohvishan —s Saath of — Glicdk ,
Tous 5 Madan chee
Paghade pk. = Araimnudi (on Arsoralat WG hae)
vu
Con feng TY borden)
~ Palaghet peas 5 wide. ap in, Whats
SNe meyer We many srrdk non,
= Kenda bor x adibien of trloomte anal a eurenons
anisbenc, of — Hiardun, Muslna & Chrickiane
Rinne Passion
AbL Copale krishna > dicechw, fillr-rva ke
Lfetine Achiovewad- amord .
M-N Nambe
Myee 4 leads -s7gin.
Frastval = Oram oy mails the vist of myltial bay
7 Mins) Loom the Sedan”
Peooklfam’ :
Korot, has produced sovoral top nokh buresnerats ~
Kishng Menon -atirst foots cceratns
SHY Sanka Menon 2a oral Seeuni ty Adinorrceocubhian ,
| ek badge Peessune e6cr Anos
Pverkoad bugil 1 -Pe-Mme pos 1 tmarolabrg-snly 2
phorum bd 3: bg mi, 3 Oe fogs
SBfue i
py s-oFe. Presi. lt "3-3 cals Rl Boe, pl,
4: Signtennce «4 Nell siehion
. 5 Temper econ) sash
“7 cently mean
Significance,
haga. Som
: Avvnees
Sabi bit tyelonsy
1 NLR MAR WAR, 1 wero, wa
Libs a onan br
2 tap emp gla nae
5 Gorditin fr Frags
5 Mae
ge blag as
6 RE in border che
Hv wo,
1] im roa rag
2) B wind
3.
chag ewe
egtion
t
cans: temp: ke pgt -
Se 1o-Re
ary
Tek
Wood snd
dewde mt Gly Beene
ortho fr) Slt ane
3) la eye 3) bent wedy
‘Mignfone — 005196
fey sea,
Cloribe xs
Drrnbialb e
west
r
Hes w18 (rtw)™
Te eg
we a
were 10 (hs)
Lets crs”
&asf g Oce anocenotty
Tides b wanes
Tides Wowes | ~
1 Verkial movemodt of Hovizodal mevensat of
© bow Unites” fen wie
2 Dea fo geri bation. pablo daa Fichin b/s wird
AF sin dinoom Lenk Usurbe of unite .
% Tides ano perisdic Wawes one WON per iedie +
a nde ets o cum with Very royrenk: Eaageton
ye gburl -
Te
Dau Bretton, inlraton atm nth & wom
Sr2vay 7 When sun, cot & moon ong om the sama
line (wor recascoily in the same aryl) . (oem gene)
cM Tidé)=s Seaine TOk
: “4 AM on the
WONG cen!
)SOS'S ps ye
QuroeavuRe pos mon
A. cunQ mam are at righ enlace
Meme TIDE (Low Tide):
Ss
Wave
1) Crreddey — +) Translators
4
3) Bren le > plage, spill, cage ->)
i
S| Tides a commen is mo Wentes cceun (it
© 6 Tide a weak crostorel pve 1s a throng oir
: ageb - peak dune to. the Posfian
7 Tide a high poberbie,
before for poner
g Tide Sale camed 5 3 2 cbncine tovettr.deca nab
clue 42 Coast Coveih . obtdbede. the wanes His
vie vena, -
Significance of tidy wa
+ Usobl on ravigation (eg’- Kelbats port, Shug pt),
+ Inbusion of tusk mts lad at the. tre of
Fide rasulls in” calintion of qrounduate. de sunhee wit
ard alos conse — damage. 40 Ivalihowd & poparticn .
-Aligh 14 cffeds the Lorain of dollar
Boy cf Fandg highest Hem Be worl:
Lea (north of New York).
Seuthamplemn —3 4 Hda pu -doy . Cue coaske|
Chandon) v y cog
wiaually, 2 tidy (dong +“Trelol,_theovia
1) Progress wame thory
>) Eaniltinn voye thony
J Seba wom there
Cad, Bah SA
Conds rohe te tela bored dae dgcsthon &
acc. of chelobarg of Lira, seoraking orgahy'sine led.
crak pdyps : Cottnany shld’
bist 328° te 25% Nethdey ,
Symbidic elaboohip You coral pAyped oo Xn,
“corals Rec ag highly sensthe Reigntiant ecasy sting
v i th
called ‘Ra forest "of Scanrs,
ec :
© Conk raafe prctida. «habia cveme ei £
orgerisne. Cabot 1p 9p0e2 < paca reside. m opel rack),
aGrdition for grewh f coral plygs
1) Crrale are verg temp. sireidve » Naak! mas temp.
of zie tagieal conn). 1
Wis is thy, orale aaa. Foard only in te
cashinn adYe Grast Barrier Beat fre) 5 2.
Weaken sida of Conbrasts —aeperioncen AA cunnovt ,
so temp 18 Noy less: n
2) Goals tive only sn, SHALLOW w pees ( 280 -a00ft)
Bee, sunk tA % import Ge the grat3) Clan sedimont free wali & rey. tr ite ra
16 sedmorls ane. thowy then Tha sedanonl “may -spleg’ he-
norow maith ard came th death 1
- to
Ths tty desea dae vik cow Boy mt
pecawwe - ran-eft from lanl i brings seclarenta -
4) Prachwala, 6m Rjrion to corals
This ts alae why cvale ap wer grow alors cuit
since rivers my bm techuntc to 29. .
Bice fraohwat 06s WoT bring food fe eared grote
share 1 cistonbraity oF cera af plow wove
rors yon fig sea .
We ering wala @ olor mines
J Salmiby of 27 bt 807%,, 1s idoak.
Become high salme unter corbrire bw GQ,
which fhe. covala read tr hte grep
6) Cxctensve subrrarma —plabbvmg on. raged
Tha corals use these: plies as a bea be grav
The corals, thence. act an bavrions te shes
atovry the. — coash .
In Sydnoy, Brishane orks, ships. can ONLY ovibe.
ihe: coack—ct place vhowt™ te rive, Yom the ga
es A ee a
Shanimunnee oo Gee = OF aS hed
SLANE NEE OP
1) Sha hamana from “Faremas © saapnaay haritares
2) slot, moro ten rll OTe Ee a hroobversiy
S) ete ogthan wih pode ety pola lay adfef Wewer),
4) Hla A most somite aasystin, san tater of the health of te ocayrae fl nb
np rab
Sin eel
Ce coal
wt
Seaword slope is step. Q laraduard slope ts gente.
2 Barrier veof’
. Parallel te cook
bergest racks , bigheot h widedt .
+ broken at rey placa 2 tt riorm arcs .
voukl due to
Dowhewd qronkls dea H
aeward
= cebowrt grat due t
4 by women,
spel of fod by
3° Ab. < a
Bring of ramow corals of huskelee shape
Cromad — with palm trea. . ~
> Fang drand an is.L Pormedion of able &
1) Sebsidince tory aa Demir ago of evdahon-
Horw corals’ which oan only grew Pathallw sutioy
cod go te grectes tapthy? Damme
Le Pnging raf grams upward bo gk Fred, Fomanies
2. After thet The lard san ohhich vores grew
supe aaD flag wal Ph gidn opt, ® -
beoe of techie movrnaif >
calwmse. pt fan
3 ps the eure Te cowl grow purr
vigewnaly For Fook ah be get thom ant of doap vas.
4+ The growth i wore vigorew enum, fom Te cout.
refs .
5s. The subsidence of “br is arly grednal . *
Gcdmonlalion long coma preer came from grorig
vane De eam. Wow’ a geen 8 Poel
pdforma woven NOT howe oth
has forms barrior
Exrclonces a sinner I
1. ARE of elite. ales ont of coal red velba
re trae is Suacipence.
2 Setimentanow in Tre lagen is congorotke by
grads. subsidana. of -land- Tis petarante &
bgam rticile combiner ~snbsidente .
Se Ne ably we found m uplithed bese
Cobos’ Cri” onthe ns
eer Yates die)4) Thickness of coral raif! Jnerdadis downward ,
Tras shows fra theses.” cnrala. at dak depth were
formod voy early, — ushon they wera alally, mm shollre
wells C bebve. cubs dence) «
5) Staop shpa of 18+ bowing abelle incli cake
subsidence, srco. sheep 6 slope & found only m upper
pat of as
Cribeteny
—
- IF faging hemin & city ime taben he
Sequenbiol hopes of cveluhon, how clo all thom tree
ore. at — tha. cama live in the sama is.?
+ If subsidnce wo te phonomanm, all cal
rede must hoe -onbcided — frilly hy pew
GStardcdill, + Marrs
= = Lefather of medow Ucasmepiagy,
~ Non-subsidince L tard . Land ce Sond shill
staanPerms F caval > 140 F-(s0 taht _ @S
1. Tie depth is attamd ei ter by marra dlogosition
2s onee “the pormiccible clopth is obbeinel , tho
coral formed
lagers ora Berek ream avait (bln cond Linde, )
became of dissdlubion of deal cory. 9 *
Criticim
1+ Mo explnadin Gr ohdl formdion, |
2+ A lmik of 20 fathoms’ for cappeitin. &
erosion tan ST” ke accophed
B+ Brosin & deposition, CANNOT ocean at fe
Same pha of ecean.
40 Crake wore fond aten below 26 thom ,
Stand is chetbioneny, The lagem world bene. bean
everiivally filed with sadamonty
&. Dead corale DP NDT dissdlve . They ales form
Plegic deopesits -—- 7
“Rlacral contral thery > Davy
Daly wag convinced the all coral rack wore
demed — durty—-« Plaisoene le Age.
Shad of feidheone ~deg) 33 fallen
gletinhon —> sax trek do reared Le tomy: of meine
oa to Daw tame vt decreased +
Cheez tt) yy
se cone dad - ( tit
Cd eidecone . .
. Delain con leid increased & tomp-alie raed .
(dae to jets ts
“shallow deg of latfns | high tamp>
V
corals ctudad — grovirg .
F sniform doptn mes
+ hageena awe famed — dua to uniform lenertng of Ser beef
duvirs, — Pleistreem — lee Aye-
oaks
[2 Sen led deren Blan evilad «Conde Benes
2. Seq levsh morensed Corals cbatid growing vpuond .
2 Narrow gataly pltbrn > frryig “ahs
e~ Wa pet hrm 2 Abed Berton raf
s+ Medel wove eroded te > AbdCorley
Srhersm eS
J+ Corals ova formed oven beyond 28-3 falthoma
Wat accaphed theory “abe trary
Supporbed by ©Davis’ Thay f
4 aayephie qe
Why coral ally ore. Fawr only om ere side Pie?
Even alo fhe same cout oma cide may hove.
sabroged — pore then the other eid» Se
Ovev-cweo ‘Coal vat.”
as ida. ab cork rack
> Cordi' tiny
> Disbribadion
a Chges of coe red [yes 9 fring, bao, all)
> Why coral reef q cignthant- contin 2
> Hae crch om be praowed 2
Cordtlirs br cored re rindion
wothn coral reek
= Eabrete and codfin the enfical seplrtin
subshanhiste Ub with tre enistng dite PP covalon
> Signfiemee precd b Presowe »
Darwin thers
= ods
este. Ca nest of fe outer Calf of Manrer,
Coral beans sor-af cone im Mlk chart In bam dadhiyad\
- Thre Bo symbic ic palechtonal'p Yuw
Cork pagps & Xanitrlleg -
_BBleechiry —s Whthoniry of coral ved’s = it lend
A tha deck af Zee Kaisthallen (a eohowning sont) sg
out menses JM -podhry 2) tue maroe sont 9 WM eh “subs tra
orale todin gets bro re
Ge fo eanl Beading’ SS aS anid tes)
1 EL Now, ef rrisd by wed und drift, bleedey
corals he wor
lt ol tay eee ae bee
te Filly olonisen Spann ® wie E emight te con delay tem deat.
2° be corkain diseased
7 backet winyaave sth ok pie
el
2. Anthropogenic actiities ‘ent eh be
4) Dampry edjsaclwewosbio 2 bade ys Trenamesol
T Galladion f coals 5
y) Br Drmache: * cowege, P10" eutl meee
CJolebal elomebic cherge - Cbveonhowe decks increase
sl overalh — temp. ee
tomp a dasth of corals & rere po
me talc