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RATE LAW
Objectives:
Rate α [reactant]
Rate = k [A]x[B]y
reaction order is x with respect to A
reaction order is y with respect to B
Overall reaction order is (x + y)
The exponents x, y, … can be integers,
fractions or decimal or negative values.
rate = k [F2][ClO2] 1
The units of rate
constant, k
A Products
Rate, r = k [A]x
Rate = k [A]0
Rate = k
M s-1
Unit k =
M
= s-1
iii) Second order
Rate = k [A]2
rate
k=
[A]2
M s-1
Unit k = = M-1 s-1
M2
Example :
S2O82- + 3I- 2SO42- + I3-
A Products
Rate = k [A]x
i) If x = 0
Rate = k [A]0
Rate = k
Rate is not dependent on [A]
Rate = k (1.0M)
Rate = k (2.0M)
= 2k(1.0M)
hence
Rate = 2k[A]
Doubling the [A] will double the rate of reaction.
= 4k(1.0 M)
hence
Rate = 4k[A]
Doubling [A], the rate will increase by a factor of 4.
Therefore the reaction is second order with respect to
Example
Initial Reactant
Concentrations (molL-1 ) Initial Rate
Experiment (M s-1 )
O2 NO
rate = k [O2]m[NO]n
Rate = k[O2][NO]2
Exercise:
ClO2(aq) + 2OH- (aq) → products
The results of the kinetic studies are given below.
exp [ClO2] [OH-] Initial rate,
M M Ms-1
1 0.0421 0.0185 8.21 × 1 0-3
2 0.0522 0.0185 1.26 × 1 0-2
3 0.0421 0.0285 1.26 × 1 0-2