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Alexiss, Amaya, Erik, Jalyn, Danielle

STALIN MASTER PACKET


Directions:
1. Please rename your document with ALL group members first names and your
block with Master Packet 2 -> YOUR DICTATORS NAME.
2. You must share your document with each group member and Mrs. Babcock
(eleni.babcock.bhs@gmail.com) and allow for editing by all group members including
Mrs. Babcock. (click on the share button in the upper right hand corner and enter all
participants email addresses.)
Group Directions:
1. If you are using multiple sources within each box E, please make sure that YOU
CITE EACH AND EVERY SOURCE DIRECTLY AFTER YOU COPY THE QUOTES.
2. Make sure that you are copying WORD FOR WORD from packet 1.
3. For each question, make sure that EVs 1 & 2 are 2 different pieces of
information that answer the question.
4. See the handout in Edmodo entitled Master Packet #2 Dictator Groups
Assignment Directions for additional information/directions.
Assertion 1 Idea: The Rise of Stalin

ASS 1, Q1: What was the state of Russia prior to Joseph Stalin coming to power?
Box 1 EV1:FIRST PINK IS WEAK...BUT BOX IS APPROVED The 1905 Russian Revolution

was sparked off by a peaceful protest held on January 22nd. This protest may well have
been the turning point in the relationship the tsar, Nicholas II, enjoyed with his people.
Led by a Russian Orthodox priest, Father Gapon, 150,000 people took to the cold and
snow covered streets of St Petersburg to protest about their lifestyle. They were not
intent on making any form of political protest in the sense of calling for the overthrow of
the government or royal family. The petition they carried clearly shows that they wanted
Nicholas to help them. The petition they carried stated: "Oh Sire, we working men and
inhabitants of St. Petersburg, our wives, our children and our parents, helpless and aged women
and men, have come to You our ruler, in search of justice and protection. We are beggars, we are
oppressed and overburdened with work, we are insulted, we are not looked on as human beings
but as slaves. The moment has come for us when death would be better than the prolongation of
our intolerable sufferings.We are seeking here our last salvation. Do not refuse to help Your
people. Destroy the wall between Yourself and Your people."
WHERE IS YOUR CITATION???
Source #: 1
Citation: Chris Truman
In the eyes of the Bolsheviks, the success of the revolution was not dependent on cultural
issues; on the contrary, the revolution itself-- shattering historical continuity-- would create the
material conditions necessary to pulverize backwardness and change peoples
mentalities.Educating the people day and day and slowly weaning them away from traditional
ways of life and archaic knowledge of an agrarian and pagan world would not suffice to bring
them out of the darkness of superstition and into the light of reason. Only the revolution could

transform transform the Russian peasant, facilitate the spread of an industrial mentality, and
/bring about the triumph of modernity... Since April 1917, the Bolsheviks had repeatedly declared
that the Revolution, the end of hostilities followed by a democratic peace, and proletarian
revolution in all of Europe, were inseparable aspects of a sole process. It is no coincidence that
the first decision of the new government of soldiers, workers, and peasants in the area of foreign
affairs was to declare peace on October 26, 1917.
Source #: 2
Citation: (Salomoni, Antonella), 42-43 & 47
Box 2 EV2:
- By 15 March 1917, when Tsar Nicholas II abdicated from the Russian throne, World War I had
been raging for three years and Russian people were tired and demoralized. (44)
In fact, it was Leon Trotsky who was the major player behind the october revolutionThe
Bolsheviks finally came to power on 7 November 1917 but it was neither a smooth transition nor
a smooth ride once they were in power, for when Russia withdrew from World War I in 1918, the
Bolsheviks had to fight a bitter civil war with the White army who were Tsarist sympathizers.
Source #:5;
Citation: (Klein, Shelley), 44
ASS 1, Q2: How did Stalin move up through the ranks of the communist party?
Box 3 EV1:APPROVED In April 1922 Stalin ascended to the position of General Secretary of
the ruling Communist Party, a post that gave him control over all party appointments, promotions,
and demotions. This enabled him to fill the ranks of the Party with his allies and thereby solidify
an enormous power base. He appointed only loyal communists to leadership posts in local trade
unions, cooperatives, and army units; all appointees reported directly to Stalin, who kept detailed
files not only on them, but also on all party members and industrial managers.
FIX CITATION & SOURCEfixed
Source #: 14
Citation: DiscoverTheNetworks
Box 4 EV2: APPROVED
Stalin understands that "cadres are everything": if you control the personnel, you control the
organization. He shrewdly uses his new position to consolidate power in exactly this way--by
controlling all appointments, setting agendas, and moving around Party staff in such a way that
eventually everyone who counts for anything owes their position to him.
Source#:3
Citation:Joseph Stalin
ASS 1, Q3: How did Stalin solidify power and ultimately become dictator? (if you dont know what
solidify means, google it)

Box 5 EV1:
Throughout the years after Lenins death, Stalin used his influence inside the party to put each
of his rivals in bad light. He played each against the others, and remained behind the scenes

while they criticized each other. As he did so, Stalin created the impression that only he could
carry on Lenins work-- and the party came to believe him. In 1926, Trotsky was voted off the
central committee. Kamenev was expelled from the party. A year later, in November 1927,
Trotsky and Zinoviev were also expelled from the party... Stalin then turned on Bukharin and
Rykov. In speeches and Pravda editorials, he accused them of impractical idealism and failure to
support the concept of socialism in one country. By late 1928, he had built enough support to
oust these rivals from important party positions. When he did this, he eliminated all of his
opposition. The poor son of a shoemaker, who had been ridiculed by his opponents for his lack of
intelligence, now controlled the Communist Party and the Soviet Union. APPROVED
Source #: 9
Citation: (Ingram, 61-62)

Switch box 5 and 6


Box 6 EV2: X
After Lenin's death in 1924, Stalin promoted himself as his political heir and gradually
outmanoeuvred his rivals. By the late 1920s, Stalin was effectively the dictator of the Soviet
Union.

Source #: 3
Citation: Joseph Stalin
In 1922, perhaps realizing that Stalin was a force to be reckoned with and believing it better to
keep your enemies close, Lenin appointed him General Secretary of the party. MOVE moved
It was a fatal mistake, but before Lenin could right the situation he suffered a series of
strokes.This gave Stalin the opportunity he had always craved and with Lenin incapacitated he
swiftly took charge of the party. MOVE moved
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 5
Citation: Klein,PG 46
Assertion 2 Idea: Stalins Maintenance of Power
ASS 2, Q1: How did Stalin improve/take steps to improve the economy?

Box 7 EV1:With this in mind, he put into operation a Five- Year Economic Plan that, amongst
other things, forced all peasants to join state- owned farmers co-operatives where they had
to pool all their machinery, livestock and grain after which they either relied on the
government for their wages or had to survive on what was left over after the government had
taken its cut.
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 5
Citation: Klein, PG 46
Starting in the late 1920s, Joseph Stalin launched a series of five-year plans intended to
transform the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrial superpower. His
development plan was centered on government control of the economy and included the
forced collectivization of Soviet agriculture, in which the government took control of farms.
Millions of farmers refused to cooperate with Stalins orders and were shot or exiled as
punishment. The forced collectivization also led to widespread famine across the Soviet
Union that killed millions.
FIX CITATION AND SOURCE INFO Fixed
Source #:7
Citation: Joseph Stalin Later Years
FOR THE BELOW ONE, CUT THE FAT/THE REPETITIVENESS
When the dust settled and Josef Stalin emerged as the new leader of the Soviets, the
course of Communist economic policies was clear and lofty were its goals. The two major
policies stipulated in his First Five-Year Plans were extremely demanding and in the long run
proved to be unattainable. Firstly, he called for the collectivization of all farmlands, thus
transferring the control of all private farming into the hands of the Soviet leadership.
Secondly, Stalin called for the beginnings of major industrial development, especially in the
areas of heavy industry. He further emphasized his call for massive industrialization when he
spoke to his industrial managers in 1932, "We are 100 years behind the advanced countries.
We must make good this lag in ten years. Either we do it, or they crush us!"
FIX CITATION AND SOURCE Fixed
Source #: 16
Citation: Nick Lee
Box 8 EV2:LOOK AT THE INFO FOR BOXES 7&8 SO THEY DONT REPEAT EACH
OTHER - SPLIT IT UP Starting in the late 1920s, Joseph Stalin launched a series of five-year
plans intended to transform the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrial
superpower. His development plan was centered on government control of the economy and
included the forced collectivization of Soviet agriculture, in which the government took control
of farms. Millions of farmers refused to cooperate with Stalins orders and were shot or exiled
as punishment. The forced collectivization also led to widespread famine across the Soviet
Union that killed millions. MORE
Source:7
Citation:Joseph Stalin Later Years

ASS 2, Q3: How did Stalin maintain control over the people?
Box 9 EV1:Stalin saw no difference between espionage, communist political propaganda
actions, and state-sanctioned violence, and he began to integrate all of these activities within
the NKVD, which preceded the KGB. Stalin made considerable use of the Communist
International movement in order to infiltrate agents and to ensure that foreign Communist
parties remained pro-Soviet and pro-Stalin. APPROVED
WHERE IS THE CITATION??????
Source: 12
Citation: Josef Stalin
He expanded the powers of the secret police, encouraged citizens to spy on one another
and had millions of people killed or sent to the Gulag system of forced labor camps.
During the second half of the 1930s, Stalin instituted the Great Purge, a series of
campaigns designed to rid the Communist Party, the military and other parts of Soviet society
from those he considered a threat.
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 8
Citation: Joseph Stalin (bright red citation goes with bright red information)
I NEED TO KNOW WHICH CITATION GOES WITH WHICH INFORMATION ALSO I NEED
MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PROPAGANDA USAGE
Box 10 EV2: APPROVED
An analysis of popular opinion in this period must take into account the role of propaganda
and coercion in Soviet society. This was a period of unprecedentedly intense and uniform
propaganda, and of censorship taken to absurd degrees. The propaganda pervaded every
sphere of public communication, including the media, the arts, and education. Its main
messages, intoned with monotonous regularity, proclaimed that life in the Soviet Union was
unequivocally rosy in contrast to the pitiful existence of workers living under capitalism, that in
the USSR the whole people allegedly enjoyed satisfying jobs and high living standards,
endorsed the policies of the party and Stalin to whom they were devoted, and believed in
socialism with a Stalinist face The heavily censored media were forbidden to publish real
feelings at the grassroot As well as propaganda and censorship, the regime also relied on
repression to block alternative ideas. People were charged with the crime of anti-Soviet
agitation (the notorious article 58.10) for expressing opinions which seemed to the
authorities to be aimed at the overthrow, subversion, or weakening of Soviet power In
lenient periods, the numbers were relatively small, but during collectivisation and the terror of
1936-8 many thousand of people were sentenced At the peak of terror, thought crime
became institutionalised when a statement such as I wish Stalin was dead was deemed to
be equivalent to actually committing a terrorist act, and was supposed to be prosecuted
accordingly. (Davies, 4-5) APPROVED
Source #: 15
Citation: (Sarah Davies, 4-5)

Assertion 3: Stalins Involvement in WWII


ASS 3, Q1: Who did Stalin ally himself with at the beginning of WWII? Why? LOOK AT THE
ORDERING OF YOUR INFORMATION FOR BOXES 11 & 12
Box 11 EV1:APPROVED As war clouds rose over Europe in 1939, Stalin made a seemingly brilliant
move, signing a nonaggression pact with Adolph Hitler and Nazi Germany. Stalin was convinced of
Hitler's integrity
FIX CITATION AND SOURCE fixed
Source #: 8
Citation: Joseph Stalin: Dictatorship
Fortunately for stalin,his decision to sign the non aggression pact with germany
was not held against him by great britain and the other allied powers. This alliance now included the
United States,which had joined the war against germany,japan,and italy after the japanese attacked
pearl harbor,hawaii,on December 7,1941.... Even with modern equiment,the soviet army was still in
dissray. MOVE
Source:9
Citation:Scott Ingram, PG #8
Box 12 EV2:
APPROVED In 1939, Stalin made the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany which divided
Eastern Europe between the two powers. The official Allied' version has been: In 1941, however,
Hitler broke the pact and invaded the Soviet Union (see Operation Barbarossa). Under Stalin's
leadership, the Soviet Red Army put up fierce resistance, but were ineffective against the
advancing Nazi forces.Stalin was up to this point very wary of the Germans, and would not permit
his armies to even assume defensive positions for fear of sending the wrong signals to Hitler. Up
to the final moment, and the invasion by the Germans, he held out hope that the MolotovRibbentrop Pact would buy him time to modernize and strengthen his military (recently weakened
by purges).
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 10
Citation: Mitchell G. Bard
In 1939, on the eve of World War II, Joseph Stalin and German dictator Adolf Hitler(1889-1945)
signed a nonaggression pact. Stalin then proceeded to annex parts of Poland and Romania, as
well as the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. He also launched an invasion of Finland.
Then, in June 1941, Germany broke the Nazi-Soviet pact and invaded the USSR, making
significant early inroads. (Stalin had ignored warnings from the Americans and the British, as well
as his own intelligence agents, about a potential invasion, and the Soviets were not prepared for
war.) As German troops approached the Soviet capital of Moscow, Stalin remained there and
directed a scorched earth defensive policy, destroying any supplies or infrastructure that might

benefit the enemy. The tide turned for the Soviets with the Battle of Stalingrad, from August 1942
to February 1943, during which the Red Army defeated the Germans and eventually drove them
from Russia.
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 7
Citation: Joseph Stalin Later Years
ASS 3, Q2: How did the nations involvement in WWII Joseph Stalin affect the country as a whole?
Box 13 EV1:
EV: APPROVED The Germans reached the outskirts of Moscow in December, but were stopped
by an early winter and a Soviet counter-offensive. At the battle of Stalingrad in 1942-43, after
sacrificing an estimated 1 million men, the Red Army was able to regain the initiative of the war.
With military eqipment aid of their allies the Soviet forces were able to regain their lost territory and
push their over-stretched enemy back to Germany itself.From the end of 1944 large sections of
eastern Germany came under Stalin's Soviet Union occupation and on May 2, 1945, the capital
city Berlin was taken.By some estimates, one quarter of the Russian population was wiped out in
the war. There was, then, a huge shortage of men of the fighting-age generation in Russia. As a
result, to this day, World War II is remembered very vividly in Russia, and May 9, Victory Day, is
one of its biggest national holidays.
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 10
Citation:Mitchell G. Bard
Box 14 EV2: APPROVED
He left a legacy of death and terror as he turned a backward Russia into a world superpower.
FIX CITATION fixed
Source #: 13
Citation: Joseph Stalin: Dictatorship
The soviets were able to reclaim much of their own territory and turn the tide against the
nazis.With the nazis defeated, stalin was in the eastern europe toward germany.position he had
hoped to be in for several years earlier.Despite the incredible loss of life,he sent his army across
eastern europe toward germany.All the the territory that the soviet army crossed was now part of the
rapidly expanding soviet union.
Source: #9
Citation: Scott Ingram,Page 88

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