Wireless v cc vn lin quan.

I Cng ngh Wireless l g?

Wireless LAN (WLAN, mng khng dy) l mng s dng cng ngh cho php hai hay
nhiu thit b kt ni vi nhau bng cch s dng mt giao thc chun m khng cn nhng kt
ni bng dy mng. N vn da trn chun IEEE 802.11 ca mng Ethernet truyn thng. Mng
khng dy cn c bit vi tn quen thuc l Wifi.

II Cc ch hot ng, chun mng, knh v bo mt ca mng khng dy

II.1 Cc ch hot ng (Mode)
- Ch Infrastructure:
c s dng khi c t nht mt im truy cp (AP - Access Point) kt ni vo
mng LAN hay mng Internet v c t nht mt trm khch hng (client).
Trm khch hng (laptop, my tnh bng, in thoi thng minh) kt ni v
tuyn vo mng LAN hay mng Internet thng qua im truy cp (AP).
- Ch Ad-Hoc:
c s dng khi cc trm khch hng (clients) trc tip kt ni v tuyn vi
nhau m khng cn phi thng qua mt im truy cp (AP). iu ny cng
c gi l ch chia s ngang hng (peer-to-peer).
Phn ln cc mng WiFi theo chun 802.11 hot ng trong ch Infrastructure.
II.2 Cc chun mng
Hin c cc chun mng khng dy 802.11a (gn nh khng c trn th trng),
802.11b (t xut hin), 802.11g (a s cc thit b trn th trng, tng thch ngc vi
802.11b), 802.11n (a s cc thit b trn th trng, tng thch ngc vi 802.11b/g). Bng
di m t cc chun ny.

Cc chun WiFi 802.11

Giao thc
802.11

Di tn
(GHz)

rng
knh
(MHz)

Tc d liu
(Mbps)

Phm vi trong nh
(m)

Phm vi ngoi tri

(m)

2.4

20

Ln ti 2

20

100

20

Ln ti 54

35

120

2.4

20

Ln ti 11

38

140

2.4

20

Ln ti 54

38

140

20

Ln ti 72.2

70

250

2.4 / 5
40

Ln ti 150

70

250

Bng 1: Cc chun Wifi

Cc chun WiFi 802.11

Giao thc 802.11

Tc truyn dn d liu Tc truyn dn d liu

ti a (Mbps)
hu ch (Mbps)

802.11a

54

27.5

802.11b

11

4.5

(c kh nng tng
thch 802.11b)

54

14.5

802.11g

54

23

802.11g MIMO

108

45

802.11n

300

74

802.11n

600

144

802.11g

Bng 2: Tc truyn dn cc chun Wifi

Lu : Tc truyn dn d liu ti a trn thit b khng phi l tc truyn dn d

liu thc t v cng khng phi tc truyn dn d liu hu ch. Tc truyn dn ti
a ch c tnh l thuyt. Tc truyn dn v phm vi (trong nh ln ngoi tri) thc t

b nh hng bi rt nhiu yu t nh: hng sn xut, c ly, mi trng chung quanh,

li cng sut v chiu cao ca antenna, v.v
II.5 SSID
SSID (Service Set Identifier) l tn ca mt mng v tuyn ni b. SSID trn cc
thit b c th c thit lp bng tay bng cch nhp SSID vo phn thit lp tn SSID
hoc thit lp t ng bng cch trng, khng xc nh SSID (ty vo thit b).
II.3 Knh (Channel)
i vi di tn s 2.4GHz, bng tn t 2.4GHz n 2.4835GHz c chia thnh 13
knh vi bng thng mi knh l 25MHz v khong cch knh l 5MHz (tnh hai nh
knh). i vi di tn s 5 GHz, cc bng tn t 5.180GHz n 5.805GHz c chia
thnh 23 knh vi bng thng mi knh khong 20MHz v khong cch knh 20MHz.

Cc knh 2.4 GHz

Knh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Tn s (MHz)
2412
2417
2422
2427
2432
2437
2442
2447
2452
2457
2462
2467
2472
2484

Cc knh 5 GHz
Knh
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
64
100
104
108
112
116
120
124
128
132
136
140
149
153
157
161

Tn s (MHz)
5180
5200
5220
5240
5260
5280
5300
5320
5500
5520
5540
5560
5580
5600
5620
5640
5660
5680
5700
5745
5765
5785
5805

Knh 1, 6 v 11 c ngh cho hot ng di tn 2.4GHz trnh chng ln vic s

dng knh. Cn tt c cc knh hot ng trong di tn 5GHz l khng chng ln.

II.4 Bo mt
Mng khng dy 802.11 s dng cc k thut an ninh khc nhau nhm m bo tnh ring t
(confidence), tnh xc thc (authentication) v tnh ton vn (integrity) d liu. WEP (Wired
Equivalent Privacy), WPA (WiFi Protected Access) v WPA2 (WiFi Protected Access 2) l 3 k thut
an ninh ph bin trong WPA2 dng b m AES vi tnh bo mt rt cao. Cn vic xc thc
ngi dng th s dng Pre-Shared Key cho h gia nh v doanh nghip nh (SOHO) v s dng
my ch xc thc RADIUS cho doanh nghip ln (Enterprise).
Tuy WPA2 c bo mt cao nhng trn thc t s c nhng thit b c khng th kt ni nu
dng mc bo mt ny, do khi cu hnh wifi th nn s dng mc bo mt hn hp
WPA/WPA2 Personal vi ty chn TKIP + AES bo m cc thit b c c th s dng c.

III u im v nhc im
III.1 u im
-

D ci t v m rng.
D thm ngi s dng.
Thch hp vi nhng ni yu cu thm m hoc kh khn khi i dy cp mng.
Thch hp vi cc ni cng cng (sn bay, khch sn, TTTM v.v) hoc nhng ni
ngi s dng cn phi di chuyn nhiu.

III.2 Nhc im
-

Do s dng tn s ph thng 2.4GHz l tn s c s dng vi rt nhiu thit b gia

dng (in thoi bn khng dy, l vi sng, thit b bluetooth v.v) nn d nhiu gy
nh hng n hiu sut ca mng khng dy.
D b nh hng bi mi trng, ph thuc nhiu vo v tr t AP, sng wifi kh
xuyn thu qua cc vt liu rn nh tng, sn b-tng, con ngi v.v
Cng nhiu thit b s dng ng thi mng s cng chm do AP phi chia s tn hiu
nhiu hn.
C th nhiu bi chnh cc AP vi nhau.

IV Cc thit b thc t CMC ang s dng

Hin cc thit b c WLAN do CMC ang cung cp nh TP-Link740N, TotoLinkN300RB/RG
do l thit b gi r s dng cho gia nh v cty nh (SOHO) nn c nhiu hn ch trong vic pht
wifi. Cc thit b ny c antenna vi li b, rt d nhiu v b hp th sng; chipset v RAM
ca thit b nh, thit k khng thng thong nn thng xy ra tnh trng treo, nng v trn b
nh trong qu trnh s dng. c bit vi nhng ni KH kinh doanh cc loi hnh nh phng tr,
qun caf hoc qun bar s thng xuyn b vn trong s dng wifi, trong trng hp ny
nn chuyn cho CPE xung KH nm c th tnh hnh s dng thc t ca KH.
Thc t cc thit b router wifi CMC cung cp l cc thit b thuc dng SOHO (Small
Office/Home Office) ch c th p ng c t 4 10 user kt ni cng lc, rt d treo khi nhiu
user kt ni v khi hot ng lin tc. ng thi sng khng n nh, d nh hng khi c nhiu
ngi tp trung mt cao v nhiu thit b thu pht sng xung quanh router.