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Introduction
Fluid mechanics considerations are applied in many fields, especially in engineering. Below a
list is provided which clearly indicates the far-reaching applications of fluid-mechanics
knowledge and their importance in various fields of engineering. Whereas it was usual in the past
to carry out special fluid mechanics considerations for each of the areas listed below, today one
strives increasingly at the development and introduction of generalized approaches that are
applicable without restrictions to all of these fields. This makes it necessary to derive the basic
equations of fluid mechanics so generally that they fulfill the requirements for the broadest
applicability in areas of science and engineering, i.e. in those areas indicated in the list below.
The objective of the derivations in this section is to formulate the conservation laws for mass,
momentum, energy, chemical species, etc., in such a way that they can be applied to all the flow
problems that occur in the following areas:
Path Line
Is the trace made by a single particle over a period of time. The path line shows the direction of
the velocity.
Stream Line
Stream line is a path traced out by a massless particle moving with the flow. Velocity is tangent
to stream line at every point. Mass does not cross stream lines.
V=
udA = AV
Equation of Continuity
Steady flow
min = mout (control volume)
gm1
1A1V1 = 2A2V2
1A1V1 = 2A2V